Virtuální Hráčské Komunity: Případová Studie Komunity Hry Minecraft

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Virtuální Hráčské Komunity: Případová Studie Komunity Hry Minecraft Masarykova univerzita v Brně Filozofická fakulta Kabinet informačních studií a knihovnictví Informační studia a knihovnictví Filip Šelong Virtuální hráčské komunity: případová studie komunity hry Minecraft Diplomová práce Brno 2014 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Michal Lorenz, Ph.D. Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto bakalářskou diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. …………………………………………………………………….. Filip Šelong Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval PhDr. Michal Lorenzovi, Ph.D. za ochotu při vedení této práce, své rodině, přátelům a všem ostatním, kdo mě při psaní práce a studiu podporovali, Janu Jůnovi za cennou pomoc se zpracováním dat a nakonec vedení serveru a celé komunitě Majncraft.cz za ochotnou spolupráci, rady a připomínky, ale také za těch několik let, které jsme spolu strávili. Bibliografický záznam ŠELONG, Filip. Virtuální hráčské komunity: případová studie komunity hry Minecraft. Brno, 2014. Diplomová práce. Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav české literatury a knihovnictví, Kabinet informačních studií a knihovnictví. Vedoucí práce PhDr. Michal Lorenz, Ph.D. Anotace Diplomová práce Virtuální hráčské komunity: případová studie komunity hry Minecraft popisuje ve své první části vlastnosti komunit s důrazem na virtuální hráčské komunity a definuje jejich typy. Druhá část se věnuje komplexnímu popisu hry Minecraft a jedné její komunity, herního serveru Majncraft.cz, z různých hledisek. Ve třetí části je popsán postup a výsledky explorativní analýzy sociálních sítí této komunity na základě dat, sbíraných přímo ze hry. Tato data jsou dále interpretována a zasazena do kontextu. V závěru jsou metody výzkumu zhodnoceny a na základě výsledků jsou navrhnuty možnosti dalších směrů výzkumu této problematiky. Annotation In its first part, diploma thesis Virtual gaming communities: A case study of a Minecraft gaming community describes various properties of communities, particularly virtual gaming communities, and defines their types. Second part contains a complex description of the game Minecraft and one of its communities, game server Majncraft.cz, from various perspectives. The third part of the thesis consists of a description and results of exploratory social network analysis that has been applied to data collected directly from the game. The data is subjected to further analysis and put into context. The thesis concludes with a review of the analysis methods and a suggestion of further research approaches to the issue based on the results. Klíčová slova: Virtuální komunita, hráčské komunita, digitální hra, Minecraft, analýza sociálních sítí. Keywords: Virtual communitiy, gaming community, digital game, Minecraft, social network analysis. OBSAH Úvod .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Vymezení základních pojmů .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Hra a příbuzné pojmy ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Hra ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Digitální hry ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Videohry .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Počítačové hry .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.5 Mobilní hry ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.6 Multiplayerové hry ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.7 Online hry ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.8 MMO hry .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Herní mechaniky .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Herní mechaniky ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Základní (core) mechaniky .................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Hratelnost ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 Hratelnost ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Emergentní hratelnost ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Sandbox ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 Hráči .................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.5 Server................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Komunity a sociální sítě .................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Komunita......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Sociální síť ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Virtuální svět ................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Uvedení do kontextu herních studií ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Historie...................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Současný stav ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Směry výzkumu .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 Humanitní ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Společenskovědní ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Technologický a herně průmyslový ................................................................................... 9 3 Virtuální hráčské komunity ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Komunity obecně ................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Typy komunit ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1 Communities of Place............................................................................................................. 11 3.2.2 Communities of Interest ....................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Communities of Practice....................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 Communities of Action .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 Communities of Circumstance ........................................................................................... 12 3.3 Virtuální komunity ........................................................................................................................... 12 3.4 Hráčské komunity ............................................................................................................................. 13 3.5 Výzkumy virtuálních hráčských komunit ............................................................................. 14 4 Minecraft ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 4.1 Technické řešení hry ....................................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Popis hratelnosti a rozbor herních mechanik ..................................................................... 19 4.2.1 Hratelnost obecně a audiovizuální ztvárnění ............................................................ 19 4.2.2 Základní (core) mechaniky
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