Ancient Indian History Archaeology and Culture
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Page-6-Editorial.Qxd
SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 2021 DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU Excelsiordaily Established 1965 Emperor Lalitaditya Muktapida of Kashmir Founder Editor S.D. Rohmetra Autar Mota MARTAND SUN TEMPLE Lalitaditya established many cities and towns . " If I had sent against you the King of King Lalitaditya built the Martand Sun These could be listed as under:- Kashmir on whose royal threshold the other Celebrations at CRPF alitaditya Muktapida (r.c. 724 CE-760 Temple in Kashmir on the plateau near Mattan 1. Sunishchita-pura. rulers of Hind had placed their heads, who sways CE) was a powerful Kayastha ruler of the town in South Kashmir. The location of the tem- 2. Darpita-pura. the whole of Hind, even the countries of Makran LKarkota dynasty of Kashmir . Kalhana , ple proves the skill and expertise of Kashmiri 3. Phala-pura. and Turan, whose chains a great many noblemen commando's house the 12th century chronicler ,calls him universal artisans of the period. It is said that from this M. A. Stein has identified this place with near and grandees have willingly placed on their monarch or the conqueror of the world, crediting on of the soil and a courageous CoBRA com- temple, one could see the entire Lidder valley present-day Shadipura town in Kashmir. knees." him with far-reaching conquests from Central and the Shikhara of the demolished 4. Parnotsa. The king of Kashmir referred to here is none mando of the CRPF, constable Rakeshwar Asia to shores of Arbian sea in India. According Vijeyshawara Shrine near the present-day M. A. Stein has identified this place as pres- other than Lalitaditya. -
Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. -
Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Conservation and Management of Asia’S Heritage Rice Field in Bali, Indonesia by Monicavolpin (CC0)/Pixabay
ICCROM-CHA 3 Conservation Forum Series conservation and management of Asia’s heritage conservation and management of Asia’s Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Systems Knowledge Traditional ICCROM-CHA Conservation Forum Series Forum Conservation ICCROM-CHA Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Rice field in Bali, Indonesia by MonicaVolpin (CC0)/Pixabay. Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court Forum on the applicability and adaptability of Traditional Knowledge Systems in the conservation and management of heritage in Asia 14–16 December 2015, Thailand Forum managers Dr Gamini Wijesuriya, Sites Unit, ICCROM Dr Sujeong Lee, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Forum advisors Dr Stefano De Caro, Former Director-General, ICCROM Prof Rha Sun-hwa, Administrator, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Mr M.R. Rujaya Abhakorn, Centre Director, SEAMEO SPAFA Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts Mr Joseph King, Unit Director, Sites Unit, ICCROM Kim Yeon Soo, Director International Cooperation Division, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court ISBN 978-92-9077-286-6 © 2020 ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property Via di San Michele, 13 00153 Rome, Italy www.iccrom.org This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution Share Alike 3.0 IGO (CCBY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo). -
Secondary History.Pdf
Introduction to Social Science MODULE - 1 India and the World through the Ages INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE Notes Imagine that you owned a time machine and that you travelled back to those days when your great grandparents were children. You found that your home and the surroundings look very different. If you travel back further, you will be even more surprised and fascinated by the food, clothes and even the language that your ancestors were using. Wouldn’t it be interesting to know what happened in the past? Do you realize that we can relate with our past even today. Does it not sound like a mystery that we must solve? In order to do this, we will use sources to understand how human life progressed from pre-historic times till today. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: establish that study of Social Science includes disciplines like History, Geography, Economics, Political Science and Sociology; appreciate that all these subject areas are interconnected and together form the knowledge mass of Social Science; discuss the different stages through which human societies evolved and identify opportunities and challenges of our present day society. 0.1 SOCIAL SCIENCE AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE As the name itself suggests, Social Science is concerned about society. It aims at understanding all aspects of society as well as finding solutions to deal with social problems. It is a broad area of knowledge and includes several different disciplines under its domain. The main ones that you need to know at this stage are: History and Archaeology Geography SOCIAL SCIENCE 1 MODULE - 1 Introduction to Social Science India and the World through the Ages Political Science Sociology Economics The various modules and units of this course in Social Science are connected with these very subjects. -
Jhajjar Through Ages
1 1 Jhajjar Through Ages *Dr. Jagdish Rahar Abstract Jhajjar is 35 KMs. to the south of Rohtak and 55 KMs. west of Delhi. The name of district is said to be derived from its supported founder, One Chhaju and Chhaju Nagar converted into Jhajjar. Another derivation connects the name with a natural fountain called Jhar Nagar. A third derivation is from Jhajjar, a water vessel, because the surface drainage of the country for miles runs into the town as into a sense. Introduction : Unfortunately, the archeologists have paid little attention to the region of the present study, therefore, the detailed information ancient people of Jhajjar (Haryana) region is not known. However, now an attempt has been made to throw welcome light on the ancient cultures of Jhajjar on the basis of information collected from explorations and as well as from the excavations conducted in the different parts of Haryana. Seed of Colonization: Pre-Harappan : The archeological discoveries proved beyond doubt that the region under present study was inhabited for the first time in the middle of the third millennium B.C. by a food producing farming and pastoral community known as ‘Pre-Harappan’. During the course of village to village survey of this region, six sites were discovered by the researcher which speaks of Pre- Harappan culture namely Mahrana, Kemalgarh, SilaniKesho, Raipur, Silana II, Surha.1 All these sites have cultural identity with Kalibangan-I1, Siswal2, Banwali3, Mitathal-I4 and Balu-A5, where Pre-Harappan peoples in the middle of the third millennium B.C. mode their settlements.. Terracotta bangles were also used as the ornaments. -
Ancient History Notes
History – : is a record of people, places and events of the past, Lothal – Ghaggar – Kathiyawar (GJ) arranged in chronological order. Their lifestyles, occupations, Kalibanga – Ghaggar – Ganganagar (RJ) customs etc. Banwali – Saraswati – Hissar (HR) Pre – history – : the period of before writing was invented. It is Dholavira – Luni – Kutch (GJ) studied & reconstructed with the help of archaeological remains such as bones, coins, tools jewellery, ruins of building etc. Area – 13 lakhs sq. km app. Cuneiform was the world’s first written language by the Sumerians Shape – triangular created it over 5000 years ago, into a slab of wet clay and then baked 1920 – excavation of IVC took place under Sir John Marshall. It is hard in a kiln. spread over Punjab, Haryana, Sindh, Baluchistan, Rajasthan, Guj. & The early writing was on rocks, stone walls, pillars, clay. fringes of western UP. Sources of history 1921 Harappa (Modern site) was discovered in the province of a) monuments & objects – old buildings, tools, weapons, pottery, western Punjab on the bank of river Ravi by Dayaram Sahni. In statues, ornaments, seals toys paintings etc. Montgomri dist. of Pakistan. b) coins – which display their empires, economics conditions, trade 1922 Mohen Jo Daro was excavated by R.D. Banerjee on the bank of art & religion of that era. river Indus. In Larkan district of Pakistan. c) inscriptions – written during the reign of great kings and are still Lothal (GJ) – dockyard, Harappa – graveyard intact in their original form. (R – 37), Mohan jo Daro – big granary store, bronze dancing girl (23 Literary sources – handwritten records of the past known as cm), statue of priest & shiva, swimming pool (39x23x8) ft. -
BS Archaeology
DRAFT CURRICULUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY FOR 4-YEAR BS PROGRAMME HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ISLAMABAD – PAKISTAN i. Goals and Objectives of Learning ii. Learning Outcomes and Competencies iii. Teaching methodology- How to teach iv. Assessment methodology v. Evaluation vi. Reading and Writing materials vii. Recommendations STANDARDIZED FORMAT / SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR FOUR-YEAR INTEGRATED CURRICULA FOR BACHELOR DEGREE IN BASIC, SOCIAL, NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES STRUCTURE: No. of Credit Sr. Categories courses Hours No. Min – Max Min – Max 1. Compulsory Requirement (No Choice) 9 – 9 25 – 25 2. General Courses to be chosen from 7 – 8 21 – 24 other departments 3. Discipline Specific Foundation 9 – 10 30 – 33 Courses 4. Major Courses including research 11 – 13 36 – 42 project / Internship 5. Electives within the major 4 – 4 12 – 12 Total 40 – 44 124 – 136 Total number of Credit hours 124-136 Duration 4 years Semester duration 16-18 weeks Semesters 8 Course Load per Semester 15-18 Cr hr Number of courses per semester 4-6 (not more than 3 lab /practical courses) Title of the Course Credit Hours: Prerequisites: Specific Objectives of course: Course Outline: Lab Outline: Recommended Books: Journals / Periodicals: World Wide Web: 2 LAYOUT: Compulsory General Courses to be Discipline Specific Requirements (the student chosen from other Foundation Courses has no choice) departments 9 courses 7-8 courses 9-10 courses 25 Credit hours 21-24 Cr. Hours 30-33 Credit hours Subject Cr. Subject Cr. Subject Cr. hr hr hr 1. ENGLISH I 3 1. Introduction to 3 1. Introduction to 3 2. ENGLISH II 3 Anthropology Archaeology 3. -
Lalitaditya, the Alexander of India B
Lalitaditya, The Alexander of India B. L. Razdan e was the ever undefeated king who blasted the myth that King of Kashmir who tasted Indians were never able to capture Hvictory everywhere he went. any foreign lands. Chinese, the Turkish and the Tibetan This great son of India who legends referred to him as a great hailed from Kashmir was none conqueror. He was the first Indian other than Lalitaditya Muktapida of king who gave a befitting reply to Karkota dynasty, the mightiest the invading Arabs; one of the few Indian king of his times and beyond. Indian kings who was able to Believed to be the youngest of the capture Central Asia. A Kashmiri three sons of Kashmiri king king, his influence spread even to Durlabhaka (alias Pratapaditya), South India and played an Lalitaditya ascended the throne in important role in the foundation of 724 AD at a time when the Karkota the Rashtrakuta empire there, dynasty ruled over the present day which became one of the most Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and powerful kingdoms to have ever Haryana. Lalitaditya not only existed in South India. He was the stopped the Arabs from entering Bhavan’s Journal, 31 May, 2020 u 63 India but also conquered parts of around 7th century A.D. Lalitadatiya Iran and extended his kingdom having found a natural ally in China, upto Tibet and China. His made a smart diplomatic move by successful efforts to protect aligning with the latter and took Kashmir and India is something advantage of the advanced Chinese which the Indian nation cannot military technologies that helped and should never forget. -
'Il;Nit 8 Nature of Regional
'IL;NIT 8 NATURE OF REGIONAL i Structure 8.0 Objectives 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Major Political Developments 8.2.1 Northern and Eastern lndia 8.2.2 Watcrn and Cehtral lndia 8.2.3 The Deccan 8.2.4 Southan India 8.3 Recobstructions of Indian Polity between Eighth and Thirteenth Centuries 8.3.1 Feudal Polity 8.3.2 Scgncntary State 8.3.3 Integrative Polity 8.4 Let Us Sum Up 8.5 Key Words 8.6 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 8.0 OBJECTIVES ~fterreading this, Unit you should be able to explain the : contents of polity, major political developments in different regions of the Indian sub-continent such as Northern and Eastern India, Western and Central India, the Deccan and Southern India, links between the developments in Western and Central Asia on the one hand and those of the Indian sub-continent on the other, and principal reconstructions of Indian polity between eighth and thirteenth cenluries. 8.1 INTRODUCTION This Unit seeks to define the essential components of Indian polity through major political developments. The sub-continent has been divided into various regions for the purpose. There has also been an effort to mark the impact of certain developments across the north-western borders (in West and Central Asia) onethe Indian political scene. Finally, the major thrust of the 'unit is on understanding the I nature of regional politics. i.e. to deal with the questi~nof characterizing formls of I polity in India. The study of polity calls for analysis of the nature, organisation an4 distribution of power. -
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj National Education Policy-2020 Common Minimum Syllabus for all U.P. State Universities SUBJECT: ANCIENT HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY Name Designation Affiliation Steering Committee Mrs. Monika S. Garg, Additional Chief Secretary Dept. of Higher Education U.P., Lucknow (I.A.S.), Chairperson Steering Committee Prof. Poonam Tandan Professor, Dept. of Physics Lucknow University, U.P. Prof. Hare Krishna Professor, Dept. of Statistics CCS University Meerut, U.P. Dr. Dinesh C. Sharma Associate Professor K.M. Govt. Girls P.G. College Badalpur, G.B. Nagar, U.P. Supervisory Committee - Arts and Humanities Stream Prof. Divya Nath Principal K.M. Govt. Girls P.G. College Badalpur, G.B. Nagar, U.P. Prof. Ajay Pratap Singh Dean, Faculty of Arts Ram Manohar Lohiya University, Ayodhya Dr. Nitu Singh Associate Professor HNB Govt P.G College Prayagaraj Dr. Kishor Kumar Associate Professor K.M. Govt. Girls P.G. College Badalpur, G.B. Nagar, U.P. Dr. Shweta Pandey Assistant Professor Bundelkhand University, Jhansi Syllabus Developed by: S.N. Name Designation Department College 1 Dr Pragya Mishra Associate Professor Ancient History Raja Mohan Girls PG College , Ayodhya 2 Dr. Pradeep Kumar Singh Associate Professor Ancient History MD PG College Pratapgarh 3 Dr Satish Kumar Singh Assistant professor Ancient History Sant Tulsidas PG College Kadipur, sultanpur Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj Semester-wise Titles of the Papers Year Sem. Course Course Title Theory/ Maximum Maximum -
PRE-Mix December 2020
PRE-Mix (Compilations of the Multiple Choice Questions) For the Month Of December 2020 Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or our YouTube channel for entire GS Course FREE of cost Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims Test Series T.me/SleepyClasses Table of Contents 1. Geography ...........................................................................................................1 2. History & Culture .............................................................................................19 3. Polity & Governance .......................................................................................37 4. Economy ..............................................................................................................56 5. Environment & Ecology .................................................................................75 6. Science & Technology .....................................................................................93 www.sleepyclasses.com Call 6280133177 T.me/SleepyClasses 1. Geography Click on the links given below to watch the following questions on YouTube • Video 1 • Video 2 • Video 3 • Video 4 1. Shahtoot dam, recently heard in news, is in A. Pakistan B. Afghanistan C. India D. Bhutan Answer: B Explanation • India will be constructing the Shahtoot Dam on Kabul River in Afghanistan and that the Governments of two nations have recently concluded an agreement for the same. • The dam's construction would provide safe drinking water to two million residents of Kabul city which is the Afghan -
Sadaan of Jharkhand
www.gradeup.co SADAAN OF JHARKHAND Sadans are the original non-tribal people of Jharkhand, but not all non-tribes are Sadans, are native Indo-Aryan speaking ethnolinguistic groups of Jharkhand. The Sadan are referred as ‘Sad Perewa’ (House pigeon) as they live in community and not in forests• • In terms of language, a non-tribal person whose language is basically Khortha, Nagpuri, Panchapargani and Kurmali is the Sadan. Sadan is an Aryan in terms of race. Some Dravidians are also called Sadans. Sadan always lived with Munda and Oraon in the royal system or in other business activities. Munda and Oraon were welcomed by the Sadans in the region as they were earlier inhabitants. The British succeeded in imposing the surname “Diku” under a conspiracy policy, which confused the tribals and the Kol rebellion of 1831–32, in which, the Sadans and Adivasis clashed. Later, Birsa Munda understood this British conspiracy and he had targeted only the British. There are many Sadan castes, whose gotras are Avadhiya, Kanaujia, Tirhutia, Gaur, Dakhinaha, etc. This shows that their original place is somewhere outside. Sadans are also sub-divided in different castes like Dhanuk, Paan, Raotiya, Swasi, Sarak, Molar, and Bauri, etc. Social and Cultural Framework of Houses: The cultural structure of the Sadans and Adivasis is almost the same. The cultural structure of the Sadan family is mostly like that of the Sanatani family, but many social, religious and cultural functions are performed like the tribals, such as wedding, festival, dance-song, language, etc. www.gradeup.co Religion: Every Sadan has different religion like Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, etc.