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Review of Neuroleon Navás of West Africa with Descriptions of Four New Species (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)

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Review of Neuroleon Navás of West Africa with Descriptions of Four New Species (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) Zootaxa 3519: 32–52 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7E9CC12-4ECF-4A13-8E81-F56803F9B0B6 Review of Neuroleon Navás of West Africa with descriptions of four new species (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) BRUNO MICHEL1 & MASSOUROUDINI AKOUDJIN² 1CIRAD, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/ Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988, Montfer- rier-sur-Lez, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2CIRDES, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Neuroleon species of sub-Saharan West Africa are reviewed. Eight species are recorded: N. drosimus Navás, N. lap- idarius nov. sp., N. modestus (Navás), N. nubilatus (Navás), N. rapax nov. sp., N. raptor nov. sp., N. pardalice (Banks), and N. ruber nov. sp. A ninth species, N. nigericus Navás, of which no specimens could be examined, is tentatively main- tained in the genus Neuroleon pending examination of the type. Three new synonymies are established. Seven species are removed from the genus Neuroleon. N. pardalice is recorded from the region for the first time. The species are illustrated and keyed. Key words: Antlion, Afrotropical Region, Myrmeleontinae, Nemoleontini Introduction This contribution to taxonomic knowledge of the antlions of West Africa deals with the genus Neuroleon Navás, 1909, which was described including the following species: N. arenarius (Navás, 1904) (a replacement name for Myrmeleon variegatus Rambur, 1842, nec Klug, 1839), N. ochreatus (Navás, 1904), N sticticus (Navás, 1903) (= N. egenus (Navás, 1914a), a preoccupied name), and N. distichus (Navás, 1903), without designating a type species for the new genus. In the same publication, Navás maintained Myrmeleon nemausiense Borkhausen, 1791 in the genus Myrmeleon with the emendation nemausiensis. Then, Navás (1912) designated the latter species as type species of his genus Nelees, and later he designated N. arenarius as type species of Neuroleon (Navás 1914b). Neuroleon is now the largest genus of the tribe Nemoleontini, with 123 valid species listed by Stange (2004), of which 86 were described by Navás. Among them, 69 are recorded from the Afrotropical Region and 43 from the Palearctic (mainly West Palearctic) Region. Only 14 species are known from the Oriental Region. No species are known from the western hemisphere or Australia. No revisions have been conducted to date, so the systematics of the genus remains unresolved. Stange (2004) listed 12 genera as synonyms of Neuroleon. If synonymies are to be justified, and the placement of some genera or species is to be clarified, further investigation is required to provide a satisfactory knowledge of the systematics of the genus. In this review, four previously described valid species and four new species are recognized from West Africa. A ninth species, Neuroleon nigericus Navás, 1935, is tentatively retained in the genus Neuroleon, pending examination of the type specimen. Three new synonymies are established. Seven species are removed from the genus Neuroleon. Material and Methods The region covered by this survey includes the West African countries south of the Sahara, from Senegal to Cameroon, including the Cape Verde Islands and excluding the desert region (Fig. 1). 32 Accepted by A. Contreras-Ramos: 20 Sept. 2012; published: 17 Oct. 2012 FIGURE 1. Area covered by the study. Material from the following collections was examined (acronyms based on Stange 2004): Natural History Museum, London, England (BMNH) Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (ISNB) Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova, Italy (MCSN) Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (MNMS) Museum für Naturkunde Humboldt-University zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (ZMHB) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) Muséum Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium (MRAC) Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria (NHMW) Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands (RMNH) Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, Müncheberg, Germany (LZAM) Zoologisk Museum Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC) Zoölogisch Museum , Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (ZMAN) Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France (CIRAD) The following institutions provided specimens or photographs: Insect Collection of the IITA Center, Cotonou, Benin (IITA) Naturhistorisches Museum, Brussels, Switzerland (NHMB) Hope Entomological Collections, University Museum, Oxford, England (OXUM) To examine the terminalia and genitalia, the abdomen was removed from the body, treated with a cold 5% KOH solution and rinsed in distilled water. It was then transferred to glycerine in a microvial for further examination and preservation. For photographs, the abdomen was placed in glycerine on a microscope slide cavity. Habitus photographs were taken using a digital camera Canon® EOS 450D equipped with a Canon® macro lens EF- S 60 mm and fixed on a stand. The lighting system was described by Aberlenc (1980). Photographs of morphological characters were taken using a Leica® M205C stereo microscope equipped with a JAI® AT-200GE digital camera. Photographs of terminalia and genitalia were taken using a Leica® DMIL inverted microscope equipped with a JVC® KY-F75U digital camera. The photographs were processed with Archimed® and retouched with Adobe Photoshop® software. NEUROLEON OF WEST AFRICA Zootaxa 3519 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 33 Unless otherwise indicated, all specimens were collected by the first author. When no repository is indicated, additional material examined is deposited in the CIRAD-CBGP collection. Abbreviations are as follows: A1, A2, A3—anal veins 1, 2, 3; BC—basal crossvein; CF—cubital fork; CuA—anterior cubitus; CuP—posterior cubitus; M—median; MP2—posterior branch of posterior median; PS—presectorial crossvein; R—radius; RS—radial sector; SC—subcosta (Figs 2, 3). FIGURES 2–3. Wing venation of Nemoleontini. 2—Base of forewing. 3—Base of hind wing. (A1, A2, A3: anal 1, 2, 3. BC: basal crossvein. C: costa. CuA: anterior cubitus. CuF: cubitus fork. CuP: posterior cubitus. M: median. MA: anterior median. MP: posterior median. MP1: anterior branch of MP. MP2: posterior branch of MP. PS: presectorial crossvein. R: radius. RS: radial sector. SC: subcosta). Taxonomy A list of 12 synonyms of the genus Neuroleon is given by Stange (2004). If some of them are certainly valid, the correct status of others is pending upon the revision of the whole genus. In this paper the following synonymies are confirmed referring to the West African species: Neuroleon Navás, 1909 = Nelees Navás, 1912 = Klapalekus Navás, 1912 = Oligoleon Esben-Petersen, 1913 Redescription of the genus Neuroleon. The genus Neuroleon exhibits synapomorphies that characterize the tribe Nemoleontini. In the forewing CuP originates at the extremity of BC and A2 runs close to A1 for short distance, and then bends at sharp angle toward A3. In the hind wing CuA does not reach MP2, but may or may not be connected to it by crossveins. There is only one PS (Figs 2, 3). Among Nemoleontini, the genus Neuroleon can be characterized by the following features. In the forewing the branches of CF diverge. Tibial spurs are absent or at most as long as tarsomeres 1–3 in the foreleg, and at most as long as tarsomeres 1–2 in the middle and hind legs. They are generally slender and slightly bent. Legs slender. For the West African species the ratio “length of posterior tibia/length of first tarsomere” is between 4 and 5.3. The same ratio varies from 5 to 6.2 in the West Palearctic species. The apical margin of the ventral surface of at least tarsomeres 2–4 with a row of stout black setae on each side (Fig. 52). Generally the ventral surface bears other stout setae. Tarsal claws without tooth, capable of closing against distal tarsomere in two species. Ectoproct of male rounded without postventral lobe. Parameres hook-shaped. Gonosaccus with at least 4 long setae (Figs 10, 11). In the female anterior gonapophyses are absent (Fig. 12). The genus Neuroleon can be separated from the genera Nemoleon Navás and Distoleon Banks as follows. In Nemoleon the apical margin of tarsomeres 2–4 bears only one stout seta and the distal tarsomere has two longitudinal rows of stout black setae, the other setae being very thin and slender. Ectoprocts of males have variably developed postventral lobes. In the West African species of Nemoleon the ratio “length of posterior tibia/ length of first tarsomere” is between 2.5 and 3.5. The gonosaccus has two long black setae on each side. 34 · Zootaxa 3519 © 2012 Magnolia Press MICHEL & AKOUDJIN FIGURES 4–12. Neuroleon drosimus Navás. 4—Habitus of male. 5—Thorax and right wings of female. 6—Face. 7—Vertex and pronotum. 8—Hind leg of female. 9—Hind leg of male. 10—Right view of male ectoproct and genitalia. 11. Ventral view of male subgenital plate and genitalia. 12—Female terminalia. (af: apical field. cm: cubital mark. e: ectoprocts. g: gonarcus. gp: gonapophyseal plate. gs: gonosaccus. lg: lateral gonapophyse. p: paramere. pg: posterior gonapophyse. rm: rhegmal mark. sp: subgenital plate). NEUROLEON OF WEST AFRICA Zootaxa 3519 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 35 In Distoleon the tibial spurs are as long as tarsomeres 1–4 in the forelegs and as long as tarsomeres 1–3 in the middle and hind legs. They are generally stout and strongly arched. In males, the abdominal intersegmental membrane, at least between tergites VI and VII, bears a tubercle with generally two or three long bristles. These setae are present in all the African species of Distoleon examined and are mentioned for Australian species by New (1985). They are absent in the Palearctic and African species of Neuroleon examined. Neuroleon drosimus Navás, 1912 (Figs. 4–14) Neuroleon drosimus Navás, 1912: 70. Neuroleon waterloti Navás, 1921: 298, syn. nov. Diagnosis. Medium-sized species. General coloration grey and black. Wing membrane hyaline with 4–5 oblique stripes along posterior margin of forewing after the cubital mark (Figs 4, 5).
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