A Study of Gang Disengagement in Guatemala
A STUDY OF GANG DISENGAGEMENT IN GUATEMALA December 2020 DISCLAIMER: The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. PREPARED UNDER TASK ORDER AID-OAA-TO-16-00041 LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROJECT, UNDER THE YOUTHPOWER EVIDENCE AND EVALUATION INDEFINITE QUANTITY CONTRACT, AID-OAA-I-15-00007. DECEMBER 2020 Submitted to: USAID/LAC Prepared by: Jose Miguel Cruz, Ph.D. Manolya Tanyu, Ph.D. Yulia Vorobyeva, Ph.D. Yemile Mizrahi, Ph.D. Andi Coombes, M.Sc. Josué Sánchez, M.A. Chandler Hill, B.A. Patricia Campie, Ph.D. With the support of Luis Enrique Amaya, M.A. Suggested citation Cruz, J. M., Tanyu, M., Vorobyeva, Y., Mizrahi, Y., Coombes, A., Sánchez, J., Hill, C., & Campie, P. (2020). A study of gang disengagement in Guatemala. American Institutes for Research & Florida International University. Contractor: American Institutes for Research 1400 Crystal Drive, 10th Floor Arlington, VA 22202-3239 TEL: 202-403-5000 www.air.org CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Primary Results 1 Recommendations 3 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. Background 5 1.2. Previous Research on Gang Disengagement 8 1.3. Research Questions 10 1.4. Methodological Approach 10 1.5. Analytical Framework 12 2. THE CONTEXT OF GANG VIOLENCE IN GUATEMALA 15 2.1. Structure and Organization of Street Gangs in Guatemala 15 2.2. Gang Activity 19 2.3. The Rupture of the South 21 3. GANG ENGAGEMENT 23 3.1. Critical Factors That Lead Youth to Engage in Gangs 23 3.2.
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