Concept As the Main Research Object of Cognitive Linguistics
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
151 Means and Ways of Naming Women's Outerwear (In Modern Russian and Polish Languages)
tel. : +38 (048) 723-07-57, [email protected] MARRIAGE AND FAMILY IN SLAVIC PHRASEOLOGICAL PICTURE OF THE WORLD Summary In this article Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Polish phraseological units which explicate matrimonial ceremonies and traditions are analyzed. The Purpose of the article is to determine intercultural peculiarities as well as national and cultural ones in phraseological pictures of the world. Special attention is paid to the wedding ceremony as the most important transitional ceremony. Methodology of this article is based on the combination of linguistic and cultural analysis and cognitive linguistics. Finding of the article can be determined in the following way. The phraseo- logical pictures of the world of the described languages fix the universal concepts (for instance, kasha in Russian, Polish, Bulgarian cultures) as well as the national and cultural ones, such as vinok in Ukrainian and Polish linguistic cultures, bliny in Russian, kapusta in Polish and priveden zet in Bulgarian ones. Practical value of the article consists in possible using of the results in cross-cultural researches, linguistic and cultural studies, phraseology and cognitive linguistics. Results. The author comes to conclusion about the exceptional role of marriage and family in Slavic phraseology and Slavic cultural tradition. Key words: ceremonies and traditions, phraseological unit, phraseological pic- ture of the world, concept, Slavic languages. Надійшла до редакції 8.04. 2015 р. УДК 811:17.026:391(470+438) O. A. Voytseva, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Chair of General and Slavic Linguistics Department, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, 24 / 26, Frantsuzky Blvd., Odesa, 65058, Ukraine, tel. : +38(048) 776-04-42, [email protected] MEANS AND WAYS OF NAMING WOMEN’S OUTERWEAR (IN MODERN RUSSIAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES) This article deals with the analysis of means of naming and ways of motivation of artifacts in the sphere of lexis denoting women’s outerwear in the Russian and 151 Polish languages at the beginning of the 21st century. -
Zero Tolerance Or Zero Accountability? an Examination of Command Discretion and the Need for an Independent Prosecutorial Authority in Military Sexual Assault Cases
ZERO TOLERANCE OR ZERO ACCOUNTABILITY? AN EXAMINATION OF COMMAND DISCRETION AND THE NEED FOR AN INDEPENDENT PROSECUTORIAL AUTHORITY IN MILITARY SEXUAL ASSAULT CASES Nadia Klarr* I. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................90 II. BACKGROUND ..........................................................................................92 A. Sexual Assault in the Military: Framing the Problem ...............93 B. The Need for a Separate System of Justice .................................96 C. The Uniform Code of Military Justice ........................................98 D. The Manual for Courts-Martial ..................................................98 E. Court-Martial Procedures ..........................................................98 F. Department of Defense Investigative Units ..............................100 G. Sexual Assault Prevention Initiatives in the Military ...............101 III. ANALYSIS..............................................................................................102 A. Current Process of Handling Sexual Assault Cases .................103 1. Sexual Assault Reporting Options are Often Unachievable for Many Service Members .......................................................103 2. Investigators Routinely Fail to Appropriately Respond and Investigate Reports of Sexual Assault .................................104 3. The Court-Martial Process Begins and the Victim is Traumatized Once Again .....................................................105 B. -
Computational Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Applied Linguistics
Unit 1 Moisés A. Bittner Phonetics and Phonology Autumn Term Key points Definition of Linguistics Linguistics versus Traditional Grammar Use of studying linguistics Diachronic vs. Synchronic Linguistics Scope of Linguistics 1 Definition of Linguistics Linguistics can be defined as the scientific or systematic study of language. It is a science in the sense that it scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages. 2 Linguistics is guided by three canons of science 1) Exhaustiveness: it strives for thoroughness in the examination of relevant materials. 2) Consistency: there should be no contradiction between different parts of the total statement. 3) Economy: other things being equal, a shorter statement or analysis is to be preferred to one that is longer or more complex. 3 Linguistics has two main purposes It studies the nature of language and tries to establish a theory of language and describes languages in the light of the theory established. It examines all the forms of language in general and seeks a scientific understanding of the ways in which it is organised to fulfil the needs it serves and the functions it performs in human life. One of the Amarna letters, first discovered in 1887, and written mostly in Akkadian cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. 4 Linguistics vs. Traditional Grammar: (Descriptivism vs. Prescriptivism) First, linguistics describes languages and does not lay down rules of correctness. Linguists are interested in what is said, not what they think ought to be said. So they are often said to be descriptive, not prescriptive. A second important way in which linguistics differs from traditional grammar is that linguists regard the spoken language as primary, not the written. -
BETWEEN CREATION and CRISIS: SOVIET MASCULINITIES, CONSUMPTION, and BODIES AFTER STALIN by Brandon Gray Miller a DISSERTATION Su
BETWEEN CREATION AND CRISIS: SOVIET MASCULINITIES, CONSUMPTION, AND BODIES AFTER STALIN By Brandon Gray Miller A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT BETWEEN CREATION AND CRISIS: SOVIET MASCULINITIES, CONSUMPTION, AND BODIES AFTER STALIN By Brandon Gray Miller The Soviet Union of the 1950s and 1960s existed in a transitional state, emerging recently from postwar reconstruction and on a path toward increasing urbanity, consumer provisioning, and technological might. Modernizing rhetoric emphasized not only these spatial and material transformations, but also the promise of full-fledged communism’s looming arrival. This transformational ethos necessitated a renewal of direct attempts to remold humanity. Gender equality—or, at the very least, removing bourgeois strictures on women—remained a partially unfulfilled promise. Technological advances and the development of Soviet industrial capacity offered a new means of profoundly altering the lives of Soviet men and women. As other scholars have noted, Soviet women were the most obvious targets of these campaigns, but they were not alone in these projects. This dissertation argues that the Soviet state also directed intensive campaigns to remodel male consumptive and bodily practices in order to rid them of politically and socially destructive tendencies, making them fit for the modern socialist civilization under construction. Rooted in, but divergent from, Bolshevik novyi byt campaigns and Stalinist kul’turnost efforts, Soviet authorities actively sought to craft productive male citizens of a modern mold freed of the rough and coarse habits associated with working-class and village masculinities. Many of men targeted in these campaigns fell short of these stated aims. -
Cognitive Linguistics: Looking Back, Looking Forward
This is a repository copy of Cognitive Linguistics: Looking Back, Looking Forward. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/104879/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Divjak, D.S. orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-8508, Levshina, N. and Klavan, J. (2016) Cognitive Linguistics: Looking Back, Looking Forward. Cognitive Linguistics, 27 (4). pp. 447-463. ISSN 0936-5907 https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0095 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Cognitive Linguistics Editorial to the Special Issue: —Looking Back, Looking Forward“ Journal:For Cognitive Preview Linguistics Only Manuscript ID Draft Manuscript Type: research-article Cognitive Commitment, ociosemiotic Commitment, Introspection, Keywords: Experimentation, Quantification ince its conception, Cognitive Linguistics as a theory of language has been enjoying ever increasing success worldwide. -
READY to WEAR Tailpr-Made Dresses and Loose-Back Is Found by Mounted Policeman and Morning Star Arrives from St
TilJS SAJN JJKAJNCISCO GALL, TUESDAY, OUTOBEll 123, lyiiO. 7 PRETTY GIRL TAKES OLDMISSIONARYBARKENTINEBRINGS ADVEBTISEMEUTB. POISON IN THE PARK CARGO OF GOLD FROM KLONDIKE READY TO WEAR Tailpr-Made Dresses and Loose-Back Is Found by Mounted Policeman and Morning Star Arrives From St. Michael Laden With a Coats and Jackets. Conveyed to Receiving Hospital, , Million Dollars From the Rich Diggings of Where She Dies. r—Jjl-y The-New.Short, Fitting Jacket :>£§? With large collar and reveres in fine all-woo! f\lf\ kersey cloths. silk lined,blacks and Oil) Juf\ Captain John Lag- /a$ IJ | tans— a $15.00 garment Special OlZiOLI gas Says Wealth <TW$ Elegant 14 Anto. Coats of That Favored *¦'" Beautifully ta'ilorst'tched, silk lined, / 1 \Vm — 00*7 Cfl District Cannot L. \\ v\ J tans ancJ blacks a $35.00 coat OZ| lUU Be Estimated. / vlv T'e"vet-Trimmed Tailor-made Dresses. * Blouse or straight-front styles in all the latest a million In treasure, all In cloth effects —blacks and prevail- C gold, on board the ex-mlssion- >N^V-J*\4^^>Jt — $30 QO Ofl ary barkeatine Morning Star ing shades a dress. Special v'ZviUU WITHcame Into i>ort under all sail and steam yesterday morning. The old timer used to cruise In the South- Tailor-made Pebbls ern seas and the hollow mainmast that Tailor=made serveB as a funnel was the mystery the Cheviot Cloth Dress. Islanders could never s>olve. Dresses. Now the old missionary boat has been lr» all-wool Venetian QjQ rfj taffeta lined jacket, Q (10 turned Into a merchantman and' gold cloth, silk lined worth $20. -
THEORY of NAMES and COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS – the CASE of the METAPHOR Nikola Dobri Ć Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt
31 This is a contribution from Filozofija i društvo , Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 31-41, 2010 © 2010 Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory of the University of Belgrade This electronic file may not be altered or reproduced in any way. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ THEORY OF NAMES AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS – THE CASE OF THE METAPHOR Nikola Dobri ć Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt Abstract: The philosophical and, in a lesser degree, linguistic debate about the notion of names has been raging for a long time. The processes behind naming are presented and explained in various ways. This paper will try to give a new insight into the motivation behind the creation of new names as seen from the linguistics viewpoint. Metaphor, as one of the major sources of motivation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, is the basic form of human conceptualization. The first part of the paper presents the current theories about names. The second part describes the basic principles of cognitive linguistics as related to metaphors. The third part deals with providing the evidence regarding metaphor involvement in original creation of people’s names, while -
Cognitive Phonetics
COGNITIVE PHONETICS Mark Tatham Reproduced from: Tatham, Mark (1990) Cognitive Phonetics. In Ainsworth, W.A. (ed.) Advances in Speech, Hearing and Language Processing, Vol. 1 pp. 193-218. London: JAI Press ___________________________________________________________________________ OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION: THE NEED TO EXTEND PHONETIC THEORY 2. PHYSICAL PHONETIC THEORY The Traditional Perspective Experimental Support for Traditional Phonetic Theory The Shift in Research Objective 3. PHONOLOGY Transformational Generative Phonology Anomalies in the Output of Phonology Revising Phonology 4. GAPS IN PHYSICAL PHONETIC THEORY Creating the Phonological Inventory Variable Phonetic Precision 5. THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE PHONETICS The Relationship between Phonology and Phonetics The Attack on Translation Theories Some Details of Cognitive Phonetics 6. MODELLING COGNITIVE PHONETICS Knowledge of Articulatory and Acoustic Space The Phonetic Inventory The Varying Relationship between Encoding and Decoding 7. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE PHONETICS AND PHYSICAL PHONETICS The Theory of Action 8. CONCLUSION NOTES REFERENCES ___________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION: THE NEED TO EXTEND PHONETIC THEORY There is a serious problem facing researchers who wish to relate phonological and phonetic theory. Not only is it the case that the aims and objectives of the two theories are different, but in addition the investigatory material, methods, and underlying metatheories differ significantly. On the one hand we have phonology which fits within the general meta theoretical framework of linguistics as a whole, but on the other hand, as explained later, current phonetic theory does not square with current linguistics. Because of this major difference direct interface is therefore precluded. The difference can be simply characterised by stating that linguistics, including phonology, is almost entirely mentalistic or cognitive in conception, whereas phonetics is not. -
Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics
Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics Mária Bednáriková Edition Cognitive Studies Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics Mária Bednáriková Edition Cognitive Studies Peer reviewers Table of Contents Doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Andrej Démuth, Ph.D. RNDr. Mgr., Reginald Adrián Slavkovský, Ph.D. Editorial Board Doc. Andrej Démuth ∙ Trnavská univerzita Prof. Josef Dolista ∙ Trnavská univerzita Prof. Silvia Gáliková ∙ Trnavská univerzita Prof. Peter Gärdenfors ∙ Lunds Universitet Dr. Richard Gray ∙ Cardiff University Doc. Marek Petrů ∙ Univerzita Palackého ∙ Olomouc Introduction ......................................... 9 Dr. Adrián Slavkovský ∙ Trnavská univerzita Glossary .............................................. 11 1. Delimiting the Areas and Research Procedures of Cognitive Linguistics ............... 14 1.1 Introduction ......................................... 14 1.2 Subject of Cognitive–linguistic Research . 15 1.3 Research Procedures in Cognitive Linguistics . 19 2. Language as a System ............................... 22 2.1 Introduction .......................................... 22 2.2 Systemic Linguistics ................................. 23 2.3 Language Sign and its Character . 27 3. Language Learning Problem ....................... 30 3.1 Introduction ......................................... 30 The publication of this book is part of the project Innovative Forms of Education in Transform- 3.2 Phases of Development and Crucial Stages ing University Education (code 26110230028) — preparation of a study program Cognitive Stud- in the Language -
Language and Cognition Catherine L Harris, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
Galley: Article - 00559 Level 1 Language and Cognition Catherine L Harris, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA CONTENTS Introduction Cognitive linguistics Concepts of cognition and language The Cognitive neuroscience movement Connectionism Conclusion Cognitive scientists have long debated whether lan- The second way ofconceptualizing human cog- 0559.003 guage and cognition are separate mental faculties, nition emphasizes the differences between lan- or whether language emerges from general cogni- guage and other abilities. A key idea is that many tive abilities. distinct domains ofcognition exist and must be learned separately, using different mental mechan- INTRODUCTION isms. This approach is referred to as the `modular- ity ofcognition' or `mental modules' approach. At 0559.001 What is the relationship between language and first glance it may seem contrary to the interdiscip- cognition? Do people who speak different lan- linary spirit ofcognitive science and to the possibil- guages think differently? Is a certain level of ity ofa unified theory ofcognition. However, the cognitive development required for language ac- unifying theory is the thesis of distinct mental quisition? These questions were ofkeen interest to modules, which are believed to have evolved to thinkers in the early twentieth century and remain accomplish specific tasks relevant to mammalian important in anthropology, linguistics and psych- evolution, such as visual exploration, or relevant ology. However, the cognitive revolution ofthe to human evolution, such as language use. Much of 1950s brought a new question about the relation- the appeal of this approach comes from findings in ship between language and cognition: is language neuropsychology showing that distinct areas ofthe the same type ofmental entity as other cognitive brain serve distinct functions such as vision, lan- abilities, or is it fundamentally different? guage processing, motor coordination, memory, 0559.002 A hallmark ofmodern cognitive science is the and face recognition. -
Empirical Approaches to Cognitive Linguistics
Empirical Approaches to Cognitive Linguistics Empirical Approaches to Cognitive Linguistics: Analyzing Real-Life Data Edited by Milla Luodonpää-Manni, Esa Penttilä and Johanna Viimaranta Empirical Approaches to Cognitive Linguistics: Analyzing Real-Life Data Edited by Milla Luodonpää-Manni, Esa Penttilä and Johanna Viimaranta This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Milla Luodonpää-Manni, Esa Penttilä, Johanna Viimaranta and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-7325-X ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7325-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Milla Luodonpää-Manni, Esa Penttilä, and Johanna Viimaranta Part One: Corpus-Based Studies Chapter One ............................................................................................... 25 Distributional Semantics of the Partitive A Argument Construction in Finnish Tuomas Huumo, Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen, Jenna Kanerva, M. Juhani Luotolahti, Tapio Salakoski, Filip Ginter, and Veronika Laippala Chapter Two ............................................................................................. -
Armies of the Italian Wars of Unification 1848–70 (1)
Men-at-Arms Armies of the Italian Wars of Uni cation 1848–70 (1) Piedmont and the Two Sicilies Gabriele Esposito • Illustrated by Giuseppe Rava GABRIELE ESPOSITO is a researcher into military CONTENTS history, specializing in uniformology. His interests range from the ancient HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3 Sumerians to modern post- colonial con icts, but his main eld of research is the military CHRONOLOGY 6 history of Latin America, • First War of Unification, 1848-49 especially in the 19th century. He has had books published by Osprey Publishing, Helion THE PIEDMONTESE ARMY, 1848–61 7 & Company, Winged Hussar • Character Publishing and Partizan Press, • Organization: Guard and line infantry – Bersaglieri – Cavalry – and he is a regular contributor Artillery – Engineers and Train – Royal Household companies – to specialist magazines such as Ancient Warfare, Medieval Cacciatori Franchi – Carabinieri – National Guard – Naval infantry Warfare, Classic Arms & • Weapons: infantry – cavalry – artillery – engineers and train – Militaria, Guerres et Histoire, Carabinieri History of War and Focus Storia. THE ITALIAN ARMY, 1861–70 17 GIUSEPPE RAVA was born in • Integration and resistance – ‘the Brigandage’ Faenza in 1963, and took an • Organization: Line infantry – Hungarian Auxiliary Legion – interest in all things military Naval infantry – National Guard from an early age. Entirely • Weapons self-taught, Giuseppe has established himself as a leading military history artist, THE ARMY OF THE KINGDOM OF and is inspired by the works THE TWO SICILIES, 1848–61 20 of the great military artists, • Character such as Detaille, Meissonier, Rochling, Lady Butler, • Organization: Guard infantry – Guard cavalry – Line infantry – Ottenfeld and Angus McBride. Foreign infantry – Light infantry – Line cavalry – Artillery and He lives and works in Italy.