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Australia and America in 1892

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Australia and America in 1892 ^""] LIBRARY OF THE University of California. ijjlh^ icAjr^U/urr-pd/^nA^i 1. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/australiaarnericaOOdowlrich .- J' Published by Authority of the New South Wales Commissioners for the Worlds Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. AUSTRALIA AND AMERICA IN 1892: A. CO:NrTI^j^8T BY EDWARD DOWLING, HON. SECRETARY OF THE AUSTKALIAN NATIVES ASSOCIATION AND SECRETARY TO THE LATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION OF NEW SOUTH WALES. CHARLES POTTER, GOVERNMENT PRINTER 1893. [2.V.] I2h J 83- 92 a Published by Autliority of the New South Wales Commissioners for the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. AUSTRALIA AND AMERICA IN 1892: A. COJSrTRA.ST BY EDWARD DOWLING, HON. SECRETARY OF THE AUSTRALIAN NATIVES ASSOCIATION AND SECRETARY TO THE LATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION OF NEW SOUTH WALES. CHARLES POTTER, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. 1893. [2..] I2h 183—92 a J11 .,. i CONTENTS. PAOR Introductiox i Australasia and the United States of Aaierica . i Pacific Colonies and Pacific States 119 Australasia AND Canada -. 123 .' New South Wales and C^vlifornia . , 134 Comparative Statistical Tables — 1. New South Wales and California . , . 158 2. Australasia and Canada . , . , , 159 3. Pacific Colonies and Pacific Stiites . , . 160 Index .. .. 161.. 156054 INTRODUCTION. In tlie tribal councils of the North American Indians all present from the youngest to the oldest express their views for the common good, so, in meeting at the World's Fair in Chicago, Australia, the youngest born of England, claims on the score of relationship to take " sweet counsel " with her American sisters. The United States and Canada are noted for the publication of excellent pamphlets disseminating information respecting the resources of those countries ; and the present condition of the British colonies in Australasia cannot be better illustrated to visitors to the Colum- bian Exposition than by contrast with the relative progress made by the two great English-speaking countries in North America. The United States, Canada, and Australasia are admitted to be the three wealthiest communities founded in modern times ; and a comparison of their respective performances in the industrial race should be profitable to each other and also to representatives who will be found assembled from nearly every other part of the world at the centenary celebration of the discovery of America. New South Wales has made rapid growth since a previous representation of her resources was made at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, so that an account of her present condition and future prospects should prove of special interest to numbers of persons who visited that exposition seventeen years ago. New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia, the principal colonies on the Australian continent, greatly resemble in their progress and resources the neighbouring states of California, Colorado, Oregon, and Nevada, so that a comparison can approximately be made as to their relative growth during the last decade in pastoral, agricultural, mining, and manufacturing industries. In natural and acquired wealth New South Wales is the wealthiest Australian Colony as in resources and capabilities California is the richest American State, and it should prove instructive to compare the progress made in these two settlements formed about thpi same time on opposite shores of the Pacific. For many years past there has been considerable commercial intercourse between Sydney and San Francisco, and there should always be direct communication between Port Jackson and the principal harbours of California, Oregon, and British Columbia. The compiler is an Australian who, after a residence of nearly half-a- eentury in his native land, visited Glreat Britain during the celebration of the Jubilee of the reign of Queen Victoria in 1887, and with representatives from many countries saw the foundation stone of an Imperial Institute laid with the object of making the Colonies of the British Empire more I ii , INTRODUCTION. united. In 1890 lie made extensive travels through the two great off-shoots of the mother country in North America ; twice crossing the continent from SanErancisco to NewTork by the Central Pacific Eailroad in the United States, and from Montreal to Vancouver by the Canadian Pacific route ; staying in many of the important towns on these long tours, in order to obtain information respecting the working of Federal Institutions as deputed by the Australian Natives Association, of which he is Honorary Secretary. The comparisons in this pamphlet have necessarily to be made from an Australian standpoint ; but the writer can claim to be also identified with both great countries in North America, and so to have American sympathies, as some of his relatives were among the early Palatine citizens in New York, who, on the separation of the United States from England, left their property in that city to settle as "United Empire Loyalists" on the banks of the St. Lawrence in Canada. Heck Hall at the North-Western University, near Chicagb, was named in honour of one of these pioneers, who has been often styled " The Foundress of American Methodism," the largest Protestant denomina- tion in the United States ; and the building for the G-rand Army of the Eepublic, in Monclovia, Ohio, is called " The Euckel Post," after four of the writer's cousins (brothers), who were killed in the Northern Army during the battles of the late Civil War. Most of the facts contained in the present compilation have been gleaned from a variety of sources too numerous always to acknowledge in a short pamphlet ; but the writer tenders his thanks to many persons in Australia, the United States, and Canada, for their kindness in furnishing him with books to quote from, and otherwise helping him in preparing for the publication of this work. Americans are noted not only for great courtesy to women, but also for their kindness to travellers,; and Australian visitors are sure of special attention from their Trans-Pacific kinsmen, who have always evinced much interest in the welfare of Australasia. A comparison in which many figures have to be used is not as interesting to the general reader as personal descriptions of what has been seen ; but the facts condensed in this pamphlet should afford a surer method for making a proper comparison than any mere general impressions of a traveller Avhich may often lead to hasty judgments being made on matters brought under his notice. The statistics used may have been originally compiled in the various settlements from different standpoints, but they nevertheless present a fairer estimate of the respective conditions of the settlements in Australasia and North America than would statements made without the aid of figures or other sufficient data, Although this pamphlet is published under the auspices of the New South Wales Commission for the Chicago Exposition, the writer is solely responsible for the statements contained therein, which however he has endeavoured in each case to verify by the latest statistics or last census returns when obtainable, and by quoting from recognised authorities. rather than giving unsupported opinions of his own. " INTROD UCTIOK iii In order to do anything like justice to a subject involving so much observa- tion and comparison, the compiler has had to extend the inquiry much further than was proposed by the Commission ; nevertheless the comparison made between the United States, Canada, and Australasia is not as complete as could be wished, as the task is one difficult satisfactorily to perform, especially in the compass of a pamphlet. He has, however, endeavoured as far as possible to avoid making any invidious comparisons or entering into questions of party politics, confining himself principally to discussing matters relating to the material progress of Australasia as compared with similar development in the United States and the Dominion of Canada. The varied information respecting Australia and America compiled in this publication has been cast into paragraphs complete in themselves, and with the subject-matter so compressed as to be suitable as " clippings for journalistic " copy," besides being in the form adopted for that purpose by the Department of Publicity of the Columbian Exposition. This compi- lation has not, therefore, been made of that consecutive and classified character as will be found in more systematic treatises on special subjects issued under the direction of the Xew South Wales Commission, but refer- ence to the iodex wdll enable readers to find information on such general matters as are contained in this publication. Grreat Britain and the United States of America have now attained a highly satisfactory position in promoting the material and moral advance- ment of the world, and appear destined to be the greatest nations of the future, especially if a closer union of the English-speaking races can be brought about before the end of the present century. The great industrial progress made by the United States during the last hundred years places her second only to the whole British Empire in that acquired wealth obtained by developing vast natural resources in an intelligent manner. Eigures given in the following review show for the Australasian Colonies even a larger gain in the total amount derived from the principal industries than what has been secured in that grand possession of the British Crown, the Dominion of Canada—notwithstanding
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