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Press Kit © ATOM 2011 A STUDY GUIDE BY ROBERT LEWIS http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN: 978-1-74295-122-5 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au Overview omen in the western Women in Britain – the home of liberty Irish widow with fire in her belly; and world in the nineteenth – didn’t win full suffrage until 1928. Vida Goldstein, a beautiful young city century had virtually no girl from the best of homes who threw W rights. Once they married And women in France – the caution to the wind to live the most they signed over everything to their revolutionary bearer of liberty, equality radical of lives. husbands (including their children). and fraternity – were denied their If the marriage turned abusive it was political rights until 1944. These women were startlingly different almost impossible to escape. And in their family backgrounds, life experi- even worse was the fate of ‘fallen But in Australia women had the right ences and personal approaches to women’ as unmarried mothers were to vote in national elections from 1902, politics, but together they would lead called. second only to New Zealand. a revolution. How is it that a western woman today Utopia Girls (Jasmin Tarasin, 2011) With their comrades, they would can enjoy exceptional freedom, power tells the story of how Australian carry the flag over half a century until and privilege, when little over 100 women attained political power and a newly federated Australia could years ago women were subjected influence – in their own country and claim its title as a uniquely democratic to such entrenched political, legal, on the international stage – through nation. Their tireless, and sometimes economic and social disadvantage? the lives of five remarkable and unique thankless, work would take them women: Caroline Dexter, a London from the poorest slums to the seats of A key was the winning of the right to bohemian with a distaste for long power in the fledgling nation. vote and stand for parliament. But dresses; Henrietta Dugdale, an un- where would that be done? conventional gold rush emigrant and This achievement ushered in the utopian free-thinker; Louisa Lawson, a modern era of modernity. Hemlines Women in America – the land of the bush pioneer who did it tough on the raised. Family sizes shrunk. Before free – couldn’t vote until 1920. colonial frontier; Mary Lee, an elderly long, bras were burning, and formerly SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2011 2 bluestocking women were reborn as at the end of the earth that at long material girls. last delivered such progressive liberal CURRICULUM APPLICABILITY reforms? This is the situation most women in Utopia Girls runs for 52 minutes, and is a the Western world take for granted. Historian Dr Clare Wright guides us suitable resource for use at middle–senior secondary levels. It can be used to explore: So much has changed, so relatively through this fascinating story, with quickly, that it’s easy to forget how some of Australia’s most prominent ENGLISH: difficult it was to achieve. At a time actors illuminating the film by reciting when Australia’s prime minister is from contemporary texts. Beautiful Biography an outspoken woman, the idea that graphic and archive sequences women have a voice in our democratic illustrate the story. The result is an HISTORY / CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP / POLITICS: system of government seems so evocative and moving film about commonplace as to be humdrum. a vitally important but little-known Key events and ideas in the development of But little over century ago, there was passage of Australian history. Australian democracy, especially women’s nothing obvious, expected or ordinary suffrage about the notion that women might The truth is, a battle royal was waged have a say in making the laws that between the corseted advocates of HISTORY: governed them. change and the staunch defenders of the male prerogative to power. The Historical method What we really need to know is this: insurgents won. why Australia? What was going on in FILM STUDIES: that hotbed of radicalism and idealism Utopia Girls is their story. The documentary form SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2011 3 Exploring ideas & issues in !e "lm 1 Definitions 1.1 There are several words in Utopia Girls whose meanings you need to understand: Utopia – a perfect place or society. Suffrage – having a vote in elections. Suffrage may be male (men only), adult (all adults), restricted (usually meaning that you have to own a certain amount of property), or universal (applying to all adult citizens in a society). Women who wanted the vote for women were usually called Suffragists, and after 1913 in Britain were known as Suffragettes (this term usually involved a willingness to act directly and confrontationally and break the laws dur- ing protests). Franchise – the right to vote. Anarchists – supporters of a political philosophy that advocates a society that does not have any governmental control. ‘Wobblies’ – Members of the Indus- trial Workers of the World, an extremist organisation that advocated violence to bring about radical social, political and economic change. Spiritualism – a belief that people could communicate with the dead through a person (a ‘medium’). Federation – the political move to unite the colonies into a new nation (achieved in 1901 with the creation of the Common- wealth of Australia). SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2011 4 2 What was the problem facing are equal and equally entitled to the women? same rights. 2.1 Utopia Girls describes the main 3.1 How was it that late nineteenth ways in which women’s rights in and early twentieth century society Australia were restricted in society at did not automatically accept this? List this time. Identify what the situation for the main arguments and attitudes or women was in relation to: justifications for and against women’s equality (at least in voting rights) that % property ownership are presented in the film. Summarise % divorce them in a table like the one below. % inheritance rights Some examples have been done to % voting help you. 2.2 How would winning the vote for 3.2 Look at the following collection women change this inequality? or sample of arguments, used in the debates for the Commonwealth Fran- 3 What were the key arguments chise Bill 1902. Beside each, note if it for and against women’s supports (S) or Opposes (O) the right suffrage? for women to vote, and decide what the basis of the argument is. If it is a We accept automatically and without new type of argument, add it to the any doubt today that men and women table. ARGUMENTS/ATTITUDES/ ARGUMENTS/ATTITUDES/ JUSTIFICATIONS IN FAVOUR OF JUSTIFICATIONS AGAINST WOMEN’S VOTE WOMEN’S VOTE Equality – people are equal and need Inferiority – women were not equal to be treated equally. to men. Fairness – it was unfair not to give Gender or social roles – women’s women a say in the society in which roles would be changed, and they they lived. would not be able to carry out their domestic roles properly. Civic benefit – women would be able to contribute more to society by be- Ridicule – women were not capable ing involved. of behaving sensibly as thinking and responsible humans. SCREEN EDUCATION © ATOM 2011 5 A Richard O’Connor D Thomas Glassey G Simon Fraser (NSW, Protectionist Party) (Qld, Protectionist Party) (Vic, Protectionist Party) … I see no reason in the world why we Only yesterday I heard a woman say How will the passage of this Bill bring should continue to impose laws which that she did not think it would be safe any more comfort to the home? I have to be obeyed by the women of to confer this right on women, be- say that the passage of 50 such Bills the community without giving them cause very dire things were likely to would not bring one atom of benefit some voice in the election of the follow. It is also alleged that women to the home in this or in any other members who make those laws. Their would be influenced by the clergy, country. On the other hand, in my capacity for understanding political by good-looking candidates, and by opinion, it may create discord. I do not questions, for thinking over them, and young men. say that it will have that effect, to any for exercising their influence in regard – Senate, 9 April 1902, p.11474 great extent, because in 99 cases out to public affairs, is certainly of that of every 100 the wife will vote with the order and of that level which entitles Another reason which is sometimes husband, the daughter with the father, them to take that part in public affairs advanced against women’s suffrage the sister with the brother, and the which the franchise proposes to give is that women do not understand effect will be only to multiply the family them. My view is that the result will be political questions. That argument vote. In my home I shall have ten votes infinitely to strengthen the means by presupposes that all men understand under this system instead of one. which we shall get a true record of the political questions … The old argu- – Senate, 10 April 1902, p. 11558 real opinions of Australia upon all the ment has been used that the extension different questions that will come up of the suffrage to women would take H Sir William Lyne, for settlement. I have no fear but that away their beauty and their charm, and (Hume, Protectionist Party) the influence which the vote of women cause them to neglect their domestic Minister for Home Affairs throughout Australia will exercise affairs … it has been said that it would will be, as it has been in other parts be a shame to invite women to go to … some ten or twelve years ago I of Australia where it has been tried, the polling booth, because sometimes formed the conclusion that not only uniformly for the good of the Com- there is a good deal of rowdyism there.
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