Prussian Apocalypse: the Fall of Danzig 1945 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
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Voennaia Mysl' Digital Archive
Voennaia mysl’ Digital Archive The most authoritative military-theoretical journal in the USSR and post-Soviet Russia The year 2018 marked the 100th-year anniversary of Voennaia mysl’ (Military Thought), generally regarded as the most authoritative military-theoretical journal in the USSR and subsequently post-Soviet Russia. Established in 1918, a year after the October Revolution, as Voennoe delo, it underwent several name changes before the editors of the journal settled with its present name Voennaia mysl’ in 1937. Published under the auspices of Ministry of Defense, and directly subordinate to the General Staff, Voennaia mysl’ throughout its history has attracted military strategists and theoreticians from the top echelons of the Soviet and Russian military and its various branches, having become the topmost vehicle for the articulation of various Soviet and Russian military doctrines. Some of the most famous Soviet and Russian military strategists and generals whose works have appeared in the journal are Alexander Svechin, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Ivan Bagramyan, Konstantin Rokossovsky, and others. Being a publication of highest importance, however, carried with it certain risks, especially in the early years of its existence. During the height of Stalin’s purges of the military in mid to late 1930s some of the military strategists whose works had appeared in the journal as well as several of its editors would be arrested and executed, having been accused of working for Nazi Germany and part of a purported “military-fascist plot.” With the beginning of the Cold War access to Voennaia mysl’ became severely restricted with the covers carrying the classification stamp “For Generals, Admirals, and Officers Only.” The journal would remain classified until 1989. -
The Oder-Neisse Line As Poland's Western Border
Piotr Eberhardt Piotr Eberhardt 2015 88 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/ GPol.0007 April 2014 September 2014 Geographia Polonica 2015, Volume 88, Issue 1, pp. 77-105 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0007 INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES www.igipz.pan.pl www.geographiapolonica.pl THE ODER-NEISSE LINE AS POLAND’S WESTERN BORDER: AS POSTULATED AND MADE A REALITY Piotr Eberhardt Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article presents the historical and political conditioning leading to the establishment of the contemporary Polish-German border along the ‘Oder-Neisse Line’ (formed by the rivers known in Poland as the Odra and Nysa Łużycka). It is recalled how – at the moment a Polish state first came into being in the 10th century – its western border also followed a course more or less coinciding with these same two rivers. In subsequent cen- turies, the political limits of the Polish and German spheres of influence shifted markedly to the east. However, as a result of the drastic reverse suffered by Nazi Germany, the western border of Poland was re-set at the Oder-Neisse Line. Consideration is given to both the causes and consequences of this far-reaching geopolitical decision taken at the Potsdam Conference by the victorious Three Powers of the USSR, UK and USA. Key words Oder-Neisse Line • western border of Poland • Potsdam Conference • international boundaries Introduction districts – one for each successor – brought the loss, at first periodically and then irrevo- At the end of the 10th century, the Western cably, of the whole of Silesia and of Western border of Poland coincided approximately Pomerania. -
The Role of Azerbaijan in the Victory Over Fascism
A-PDFProperty Split DEMO of : Purchasehistory from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark Zumrud HASANOVA The Role of Azerbaijan in the Victory over Fascism THis Year HUMANitY is celeBratiNG THat it is 65 Years siNce THE END of THE SecoND World War, KNowN IN THE forMer Soviet UNioN as THE Great Patriotic War. THE FUrtHer froM OUR tiME THE UNforGettaBle date 9 MaY 1945 is reMoved THE GraNder THE GIGANtic feat of THE victors over fascisM appears to MANkiND. 28 www.irs-az.com 1 2 3 4 1. Hazi Aslanov – Guard commander, major general, twice Hero of the Soviet Union; 2. Israfil Mammadov – lieutenant, the first Azerbaijani Hero of the Soviet Union;3. Mehti Huseynzade – intelligence agent, partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union; 4. Ziya Buniyadov – historian, academician, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union. howing model valour in bat- and the Kursk Bulge, defended the in the war against fascism. tle and also persistent selfless Caucasus and liberated the Ukraine, More than 130 types of arms Slabour on the home front, the Russia, Belarus, the Baltic, Moldova and ammunitions were made then Azerbaijani people contributed sub- and the countries of Eastern Europe. in Azerbaijan, including missiles for stantially towards the general vic- Among the participants in the the famous Katyusha. Our compatri- tory. Together with tens of millions battles for Berlin were daughters ots donated 15kg of gold, 952kg of of sons and daughters of the other of Azerbaijan - R. Ahmadova, S. silver, 320 million roubles and also people of the USSR they forged this Bayramova and S. -
African Americans in WWII
RESOURCES IN THE DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY RELATING TO AFRICAN-AMERICANS EXPERIENCES IN WORLD WAR II AURAND, HENRY S.: Commanding General, 6th Service Command, 1942-1944; Commanding Officer, Normandy Base Section, 1944-1945; Commanding General, Services of Supply, China Theater, 1945; Commanding General, 6th Service Command, 1946; Commanding General, U.S. Army, Pacific Theater, 1949-1952: Papers, 1873-1967 Box 11: Diary Sept. 8, 1942 – Oct. 29, 1944. Dates for meetings with Truman Gibson, Jr. on following dates, September 28, 1944, September 5, 1944 (Representatives of Colored Press and T.K. Gibson, Jr), August 21, 1944, July 24, 1944, Col. Potter Campbell to confer re hotel for returned Negro soldiers; July 12 preview of film “The Negro Soldier,” February 21 T.K Gibson and showing of film “The Negro Soldier;” December 10, 1943 T.K. Gibson, Jr. Box 13: Personal Correspondence, 1944 D-H. Letter from Truman, Gibson, Jr. to General Aurand re March 6 showing of film “The Negro Soldier” and mention of visit of Brigadier General B.O. Davis. Box 14: Commanding General’s Staff Conferences (1). Remarks of CG at Staff Conference March 6, 1944, last paragraph contains reference to General Aurand’s favorable impression of film “The Negro Soldier.” Box 14: Remarks of CG at his Staff Conference in the Civic Theater 5/10/1943. General Aurand’s statements to effect that “I and all people must be color blind. We must not in any way differentiate between the pigmented races and the White races.” Box 21: History of Normandy Base Section. Box 21: History of Provost Marshall Section Normandy Base Section, Oct 1, 1944-May 9, 1945. -
93Rd Annual Conference of the ILO Concludes Its Work
ISSN 1811-1351 №# 1 2 (20) (21) МАРТ JUNE 2005 93rd annual Conference of the ILO concludes its work On June 16 Conference of the International The Conference marked the fourth World The Committee on the Application of Stan- Labour Organization concluded its 93rd annual Day Against Child Labour by calling for the dards noted with respect to freedom of associa- session. The annual Conference of the ILO drew elimination of child labour in one of the world’s tion in Belarus that no real concrete and tangible more than 3,000 delegates, including heads of most dangerous sectors – small-scale mining and measures had been taken by the Government to State, labour ministers and leaders of workers’ quarrying – within five to 10 years. comply with the recommendations of the ILO and employers’ organizations from most of the Confronted with record levels of youth un- Commission of Inquiry. As details of a govern- ILO’s 178 member states. employment in recent years, delegates from ment Plan of Action on freedom of association They discussed the need for urgently elimi- more than 100 countries discussed pathways to were not known yet, the Committee urged that nating forced labour, creating jobs for youth, decent work for youth and the role of the inter- an ILO mission be sent to Belarus, to assist the improving safety at work and tackling what ILO national community in advancing the youth government and also to evaluate the measures Director-General Juan Somavia called a “global employment agenda. The Committee also en- that the government has taken to comply with jobs crisis”. -
Gennady Kretinin
Gennady Kretinin Gennady Kretinin This article considers the problematic issue of the prehistory of the Kaliningrad ON THE PERIODISATION region. The author analyses different ap- proaches to the periodisation of the East OF THE BATTLE Prussian offensive, delimits the periods of its stages and determines the date of the FOR EAST PRUSSIA termination of the operation. IN 1944—1945 Key words: history, Kaliningrad region, war, operation, phases of war, of- fensive, East Prussia, Pillau, spit, Frische Nehrung, strait. The history of the Kaliningrad region goes back to April 7, 1946. On that day, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued the decree “On the establishment of the Königsberg region within the RSFSR”. On July 4, 1946, Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad and the Konigsberg region be- came the Kaliningrad region [1, p. 469]. The western-most region of the Russian Federation has a rich military pre-history. Despite the long time that has passed since the end of the Sec- ond World War, the history of the war is in the focus of attention in Kalinin- grad. The discussion centres on political, sociocultural, demographic, and, of course, military issues. One of such issues is the controversy over the beginning and end of the military operation in East Prussia and the phases of the 1945 East Prussian Offensive per se. Military science has the term “periodisation of war”, which means the division of a war into markedly different phases. Each phase has certain content; different phases are distinguished by the form of military actions; the time framework marks the turning points in the course of a war according to the objective and character of the latter [2, vol. -
A War of Reputation and Pride
A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….………………. -
ED383637.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 383 637 SO 025 016 AUTHOR Schaufele, William E., Jr. TITLE Polish Paradox: Communism and National Renewal. Headline Series 256. INSTITUTION Foreign Policy Association, New York, N.Y. REPORT NO ISBN-0-87124-071-8; ISSN-0017-8780 PUB DATE Oct 81 NOTE 77p. AVAILABLE FROMForeign Policy Association, 729 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Catholics; *Communism; Conflict; Diplomatic History; Foreign Countries; *Foreign Policy; Global Approach; Higher Education; International Cooperation; international Law; *International Relations; *Peace; Political Science; Secondary Education; World Affairs; World History; World Problems IDENTIFIERS *Poland ABSTRACT This brief issues booklet provides basic information about the role of the Catholic Church Poland, the erosion of Communist party leadership over the past year (as of1981), the rise of the Solidarity Union and the economic problemsplaguing the Polish people. An introduction is followed by thefollowing sections: (1) "History-of a Millennium";(2) "Communist Poland";(3) "Solidarity"; (4) "Church, Farm, and Freedom";(5) "Poland between East and West"; and (6)"1981 and Beyond: A Personal Epilogue." A list of discussion questions and an 11-item reference list conclude the booklet.(EH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************A*********************************** 1 IC OA Y SO1 TI U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ottrce of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ytTMs document has been reproduced as recehred from the person or peg&nzation 1 originating 1. 0 minor Changes have been made toimprove reproduction Duality Points of new or opinions stated rn thisdocu mant do not neCeSserity representoffictal. -
With a Focus on Developing Culture Tourism
Dr. Armin Mikos von Rohrscheit Armin Mikos v. Rohrscheidt Poland – the biggest „open air museum of fortresses” with a focus on developing culture tourism The dynamic development of culture tourism in historic and former military fortifications, that has taken place in Europe over the past decades, has affected Poland very little. Despite the fact, that Poland has a lot to offer especially in this field for tourism development. The potential benefits for tourism could make Poland an even more attractive tourist destination in culture tourism in the global scale through marketing formerly unknown destinations for tourists. As a result, there will be enormous economic benefits for those regions, where there has not been a lot of investment to the present, and where unemployment rates are more than the average in Poland. The following contribution wants to deal with the following tasks: • To give an overview of military architecture in Poland, with regard to historic background • To give an overview of the state of renovation and restoration as well as their significance for tourism • To disclosure the necessary steps in marketing and promotion for developing tourism • To propose a tourism route for the country as a whole with the topic „architectura militaris“ 1 The past centuries in polish history as a factor for expanding fortifications 1.1 16th to 18th century Era of classic fortification building, the time of the huge territorial Polish-Lithuanian Empire. At the same time it was a period of long and frequent warfare in the Southeast, the East and the Northeast and the time of the conflicts with the Muscovite state, the Ottoman Empire, the Tartars and with Swe- den between 1626 and 1660. -
War Memory Under the Leonid Brezhnev Regime 1965-1974
1 No One is Forgotten, Nothing is Forgotten: War Memory Under the Leonid Brezhnev Regime 1965-1974 By Yevgeniy Zilberman Adviser: Professor David S. Foglesong An Honors Thesis Submitted To The History Department of Rutgers University School of Arts and Sciences New Brunswick, NJ April, 2012 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Pg. 3 Introduction Pg. 5 1964-1967: Building the Cult Pg. 18 a) Forming the Narrative: Building the Plot and Effacing the Details Pg. 21 b) Consecrating the War: Ritual, Monument and Speech Pg. 24 c) Iconography at Work: Soviet War Poster Pg. 34 d) Digitizing the War: On the Cinema Front Pg. 44 1968-1970: Fascism Revived and the Battle for Peace Pg. 53 a) This Changes Everything: Czechoslovakia and its Significance Pg. 55 b) Anti-Fascism: Revanchism and Fear Pg. 59 c) Reviving Peace: The Peace Cult Pg. 71 1970-1974: Realizing Peace Pg. 83 a) Rehabilitating Germany Pg. 85 b) Cinema: Germany and the Second World War on the Film Screen Pg. 88 c) Developing Ostpolitik: War memory and the Foundations for Peace Pg. 95 d) Embracing Peace Pg. 102 Conclusion: Believing the War Cult Pg. 108 Bibliography Pg. 112 3 Acknowledgements Perhaps as a testament to my naivety, when I embarked upon my journey toward writing an honors thesis, I envisioned a leisurely and idyllic trek toward my objective. Instead, I found myself on a road mired with multiple peaks and valleys. The obstacles and impediments were plentiful and my limitations were numerous. Looking back now upon the path I traveled, I realize that I could not have accomplished anything without the assistance of a choice collection of individuals. -
Ronald Macarthur Hirst Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4f59r673 No online items Register of the Ronald MacArthur Hirst papers Processed by Brad Bauer Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2008 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Ronald MacArthur 93044 1 Hirst papers Register of the Ronald MacArthur Hirst papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Processed by: Brad Bauer Date Completed: 2008 Encoded by: Elizabeth Konzak and David Jacobs © 2008 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ronald MacArthur Hirst papers Dates: 1929-2004 Collection number: 93044 Creator: Hirst, Ronald MacArthur, 1923- Collection Size: 102 manuscript boxes, 4 card files, 2 oversize boxes (43.2 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: The Ronald MacArthur Hirst papers consist largely of material collected and created by Hirst over the course of several decades of research on topics related to the history of World War II and the Cold War, including the Battle of Stalingrad, the Allied landing at Normandy on D-Day, American aerial operations, and the Berlin Airlift of 1948-1949, among other topics. Included are writings, correspondence, biographical data, notes, copies of government documents, printed matter, maps, and photographs. Physical location: Hoover Institution Archives Languages: Languages represented in the collection: English, German Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copiesof audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. -
Ernest Mandel the Meaning of the Second World War Ernest Mandel
VERSO WORLD HISTORY SERIES Ernest Mandel The Meaning of the Second World War Ernest Mandel The Meaning of the Second World War VERSO The Imprintv of New Left Books Contents One The Historical Framework Chapter 1 The Stakes 11 Chapter 2 The Immediate Causes 22 Chapter 3 The Social Forces 35 Chapter 4 Resources 47 Chapter 5 Strategy 55 Chapter 6 Weapons 66 Chapter 7 Logistics 72 Chapter 8 Science and Administration 78 Chapter 9 Ideology 85 Two Events and Results Chapter 10 The Opening Gambit in Europe 99 Chapter 11 The Unfolding World Battle 106 Chapter 12 Towards the Climax 113 Chapter 13 The Decisive Turning-Points 122 Chapter 14 The War of Attrition 130 Chapter 15 The Final Onslaught 139 Chapter 16 The Outcome 150 Chapter 17 The Aftermath 159 Chapter 18 The Legacy 169 To the memory of all those who gave their lives fighting against fascism and imperialism - in the first place all those who fell in order to transform that fight into the victory of world revolution: Abram Leon; Le6n Lesoil; Marcel Hie; Hendrik Sneevliet; Victor Widelin; Pantelis Pouliopoulos; Blasco; Tha-Thu-Tau; Cher Dou-siou; Tan Malakka; and above all to the heroic unknown editors of Czorwony Sztand- ardf who published their Trotskyist underground paper in the Warsaw Ghetto until the last days of the uprising in which they actively participated. 1. The Stakes Capitalism implies competition. With the emergence of large cor porations and cartels - i.e. the advent of monopoly capitalism - this competition assumed a new dimension. It became qualitatively more politico-economic, and therefore military-economic.