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The Canadian Security Intelligence Service: Squaring the Demands of National Security with Canadian Democracy* by Gerard F
Conflict Quarterly The Canadian Security Intelligence Service: Squaring the Demands of National Security with Canadian Democracy* by Gerard F. Rutan Political truth is always precious in a democracy for it always makes up the first element of justice. Political truth is always suspect in a dictatorship, for it usually makes up the first element of treason. Anon. INTRODUCTION This article is historical in methodology, descriptive/analytic in focus. It was written to offer a primarily European readership an understanding of the origins, development, structure, and functions of the new Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). Canadians who are, naturally, more familiar with the history and building of the CSIS will find it somewhat basic. Persons knowledgeable in security in telligence affairs will find little new or exciting in it. Yet, it is important that this case study of how a democratic state faced a scandal in its security intelligence functions, and came out of the scandal with a new, legal and democratic security intelligence process, be examined and ex plained. There are few state systems on earth today which have had the ability and the political will to do what Canada did: to confront an in telligence/security scandal and turn it into a strengthening of democracy. The Commission of Inquiry Concerning Certain Activities of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, more popularly known as the McDonald Commission, was established in July 1977. The proximate cause for its establishment was an official statement by the then Commis sioner of the RCMP that allegations of participation by the force in il legal acts (including the break-in at a Quebec press agency office) might have some basis in fact.1 The Commission acknowledged that some members of the force might have been using methods and procedures not sanctioned by law in the performance of their duties for some time, par ticularly those duties associated with national defense and counteres pionage or counter-terrorism. -
FINAL VOLUME ONE JUNE 10TH.Indb
ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. The opinions expressed in these academic studies are those of the authors; they do not necessarily represent the views of the Commissioner. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented -
A New Review Mechanism for the RCMP’S National Security Activities
ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. A New Review Mechanism for the RCMP’s National Security Activities Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher Arar © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 2006 Cat. -
Considering the Creation of a Domestic Intelligence Agency in the United States
HOMELAND SECURITY PROGRAM and the INTELLIGENCE POLICY CENTER THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Homeland Security Program RAND Intelligence Policy Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. -
CASIS Symposium
Intelligence Collection and Accountability: Getting the Balance Right Symposium organized by the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) held at the Canadian War Museum, Ottawa 20 November 2013 Presented by: J. William Galbraith – Executive Director Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner Thank you. We are in a new environment -- since June! With much attention on, and discussion about, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) and the CSE Commissioner’s office. This is not a bad thing. In years past, when it came to public awareness polling, the intelligence review bodies were within the “margin of error” in those polls! I will not be commenting on whether there should be more review or oversight, particularly of the Communications Security Establishment. That is a higher policy discussion for my co-panelists, all of whom have written on the theme to one degree or another. I will, however, comment on what the current situation is, and try to clarify a number of points and dispel some information before myths become too firmly entrenched, that relate to the Commissioner, his mandate and to certain CSE activities. To that end, I have six points I would like to touch on briefly. This past Saturday, a lengthy article about CSE in The Ottawa Citizen included a reference to the watchdog office being criticized for its own secrecy, which is a good place to start with my first point: the unique positioning of the review body. You are familiar with the two principal intelligence review bodies in Canada -- the CSE Commissioner and the Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC) -- both are within the “security fence” as it were, with security clearances to allow full access to the holdings, facilities and personnel of the intelligence agency. -
104-10431-10126.Pdf
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com I I .u.~. ..., CONFIDENTIAL NOFORN NOCONTRAC~ DRAFT May 1992 A REVIEW OF COUNTERINTELLIGENCE LITERATURE. 1975 - 1992 By Cleveland c. Cram ·BOTE: ~inal version will have proper page breaks, etc. CONFIDENTIAL NOFORN NOCONTRACT 13-00000 CONFIDENTIAL NOFORN NOCONTRA~T REVIEW OF COQNTERIHTELLIGEHCE LITEBATQRE. 1975 - 1992 Foreword The review of counterintelligence literature, 1975 - 1992, which follows is not meant to include every book published concerning espionage and/or counterintelligence from the period 1975 until 1992. The object of this study is to focus on a relatively small selection of books that were influential because of the views they expressed and_/, their reasonable degree of historical accuracy ~~stly concentrate on the major counterintelligence issues of the I( period and ~ highlight~~ the of James Angleton and Anatole Golitsyn, which from 1962 were a compelling force in Western counterintelligence services. \?The scope of the study is largely limited to books about the American, British, and Canadian intelligence and security services although it in some instances touches on countries . j , of Western Europe such as France, West Germany, Norway, etc. ' J r LJ.~,._i.vt- ~ \ -""r Recent books such as Corson and Trento 1 s Widows cure m;aladed _,_ because they are not reputable by even the gener~}~:; ;~~ ( .. -
Of Moles and Molehunters: a Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92
Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92 An Intelligence Monograph Center for the Study of Intelligence CSI 93-002 October 1993 This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the formal, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liasion channels from the Central Intelligence Agency Requesters outside the US Government may obtain subscriptions to CIA publications similar to this one by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or. National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Requesters outside the US Government not interested in subscription service may purchase specific publications either in paper copy or microform from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (To expedite service call the NTIS Order Desk (703) 487-4650) Comments and queries on this paper may be directed to the DOCEX Project at the above address or by phone (202-707-9527), or the NTIS Office of Customer Services at the above address or by phone (703-487-4660) Publications are not available to the public from the Central Intelligence Agency. SSSi;-> PB9 3- 928 019 Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92 An Intelligence Monograph Center for the Study of Intelligence Reverse Blank Erratum Notice to recipients of the Center for the Study of Intelligence monograph CSI 93-002, October 1993 Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92. -
Cold War Activity
SELECTED CANADIAN HISTORICAL INTELLIGENCE ELEMENTS Well into the Cold War, elements of intelligence history shaped Canada's development as a country. This list of elements is not exhaustive, but provides a good starting point for students and teachers alike to dig down into key historical events, and do their own investigations into the role played by espionage in Canadian history. This website, and this list, focus on the early years of Canadian history and foreign intelligence. More recently, “security intelligence” has dominated the headlines and the news, especially since the 1984 formation of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). As these recent matters are those of a mature country managing security issues, they fall outside the mandate of this project. However, some sources are provided at the end to provide background to researchers interested in security intelligence issues. 18TH CENTURY NORTH AMERICA George Washington & The Seven Years War George Washington enters Fort Le Boeuf in the Ohio Valley to deliver a message from Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie, ordering the French to leave the valley. A surveyor, the 21-year old Washington spends his time waiting for a reply counting men, and assessing capabilities and intentions. Selected Sources: o "The Journal of Major George Washington, of His Journey to the French Forces on Ohio" o P.K. Rose, The Founding Fathers of American Intelligence George Washington & US War of Independence Having learned from his experiences in the Seven Years’ War, the now General George Washington becomes the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, collecting information from agents, including agents who report only to him. -
Information Retention and Data Exploitation 175
INFORMATION RETENTION AND DATA EXPLOITATION 175 BUILDING HAYSTACKS: INFORMATION RETENTION AND DATA EXPLOITATION BY THE CANADIAN SECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE LEAH WEST AND CRAIG FORCESE* This article examines the technical topic of CSIS’s modern data acquisition, retention, and exploitation, a matter not canvassed in the existing legal literature. As part of a special collection on the National Security Act (NSA 2017), it focuses on the policy and legal context driving the NSA 2017 amendments, relying on primary materials to memorialize this background. This article examines how CSIS has been pulled in divergent directions by its governing law, and sometimes a strained construal of those legal standards, toward controversial information retention practices. It argues that the tempered standards on acquisition, retention, and exploitation of non-threat-related information created by the NSA 2017 respond to civil liberties objections. The introduction of the “dataset” regime in the NSA 2017 may finally establish an equilibrium between too aggressive an information destruction standard that imperils due process and too constraining an information retention system that undermines CSIS’s legitimate intelligence functions. The article flags, however, areas of doubt, the resolution of which will have important implications for the constitutionality and legitimacy of the new system. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 175 II. CSIS’S INFORMATION COLLECTION MANDATE .................... 177 III. INFORMATION RETENTION AND ERRONEOUS INTERPRETATIONS OF SECTION 12 OF THE CSIS ACT ................. 179 A. RETAINING TOO LITTLE THREAT-RELATED INFORMATION ......................................... 181 B. RETAINING TOO MUCH NON-THREAT-RELATED INFORMATION ...................... 184 IV. IN SEARCH OF BALANCE: THE CSIS “DATASET” REGIME ............ 190 A. THE SECURITY OBJECTIVE ................................ 190 B. -
Of-Moles-And-Molehunters.Pdf
Spy stories Of Moles and Molehunters Cleveland C. Cram Editor™s Note.~ The following background essay first Because Epstein™s writings contained so much informa appeared in a monograph published by the Centerfor tion about sensitive CIA and FBI operations, it was gen the Study of Intelligence in October 1993. erally assumed he had a willing and knowledgeable source, either a serving officer (considered doubtful) or The year 1975 was a watershed in literature about the a retired senior person with wide knowledge of anti- CIA. Before that time, only a few outsiders, usually pro Soviet operations overseas and in the United States. fessional journalists, had written books critical of the Neither the articles nor the book was annotated, how Agency. Most of the others were neutral or even posi ever. Epstein stated that he had spoken occasionally tive, especially those written by former Agency offi with James Angleton, the retired chief of CIA™s cials like Allen Dulles and Lyman Kirkpatrick. But in CI Staff, but did not acknowledge that he was the 1975 a disgruntled former Agency employee, Philip source. Agee, published his highly critical book, Inside the Company: CIA Diary. Books by other ex-employeesŠ When Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) William J. B. Smith, John Stockwell, Victor Marchetti (with Colby dismissed him in 1974, Angleton for the next six J. D. Marks), and R. W. McGeheeŠfollowed in quick months spent part of his time at Langley, introducing succession, each exposing highly confidential material. members of the new CI Staff to such people as his defector friend, Anatole Golitsyn. -
Counterspy: Libya: U.S. Propaganda and Covert
Approved For Release 2010/06/15: CIA-RDP90-00845R000100140005-7 GOVERMENT MOVES TO CENSOR COUNTERSPY COUNTER The Magazine For People Who Need To Know Volume 6 Number 1 $2 Nov.1981-Jan.1982 Libya: U.S. Propaganda and Covert Operations World Bank Blueprint for China AIFLD: Secret Plan for El Salvador U.S. Destabilization of Canada? Approved For Release 2010/06/15: CIA-RDP90-00845R000100140005-7 Approved For Release 2010/06/15: CIA-RDP90-00845R000100140005-7 Editorial Unlike his friend R-ich.ard Nixor:, CIA Di Identitles I'rotecticn J,.ct'' is "designed rector t!itliam Casey cannot clairr:: ''I am to deal primarily witr:. the dar;age to OUY' r;ot a crook." On May 19, 1981 Judge inte3Zigence capabi Zities ...[emphas1: s Charles E·. Stewart, J1,. in Nev York con. addedj which is ca:used by ur"°'uthm,izec elided that Casey had unla1;iful ly n:1'.sled disclosures of identities, 1�·hether or not investors of HulHpionics, Inc. In a a particular officer• or· source is physi Casey-authorized offer•ing circular, pro cally jeor:ardized in each individual spect'ive ir:.vestoN: were not told that Mul case." InteUigence capabilit-ies, of tipionics had assumed $2.? miUi-cn in course, co1)eY' everythinr; fron' as sas sir:c mortga,ge debts - t-Wl,OCO of which was ti ons and destabilizations to ir�teU·{ Casey's personal debt. gence gathering. The retention of Casey as CIA Director In the same letter, Casey revealed the 1 a;ter this ruling says a lot about the CIA draconian reach u:ith 1.;Jhich the CIA 1.tanted and the Reagan ai!,m1,'.nistration. -
Archived Content Contenu Archivé
ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. CONTRE - TERRORISME BIBLIOGRAPHIE No 1988 - 14 Solliciteur général Canada Secrétariat du Ministère , P).er S01.10iTCY. (_isIERAL. cANADA AUG A 19'12_ AOUT / eD SCA_ CITE» CANADA 4,) mœ, ..... BRUCE BEANLAND /ggo ET o JAMES DEACON DIRECTION DE LA POLICE ET DE SÉCURITÉ DIVISION DE LA RECHERCHE ET DE DÉMONSTRATON '/-CONTRE - TERRORISME BIBLIOGRAPHIE No 1988 - 14 Cette bibliographie a été rédigée en 1988.