Evolution of American Postal System to 1792
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Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer. -
Exclusive Rulebookrulebook
Savannah 1779 1 EXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVE RULEBOOKRULEBOOK ©2005 Rodger B. MacGowan Volume IV American Revolutionary War Series Revised Nov. 2015 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1. Prepare for Play .................................................... 2 Historical Scenario ....................................................... 9 2. Victory Conditions ................................................ 3 The Siege of Savannah Historical Article .................... 10 3. Sequence of Play ................................................... 4 Campaign Game Reinforcement Schedule .................. 15 4. Special Rules ........................................................ 4 Sequence of Play .......................................................... 16 © 2005 GMT Games #0508 2 Savannah 1779 Defensive Perimeter, and in so doing switches play from the 1. PREPARE FOR PLAY Strategic to the Tactical Game Turn Track. 1.1 Colors: British: 1.6 Game Turn Tracks: Strategic Turn Track: Game Turns 1–15. Each Turn represents Regulars—Tan with red stripe a day, or in some cases multiple days. Player order is fixed. Germans—Tan with green stripe Weather, Random Events, Construction, Siege & Bombardment, Provincials—Tan with yellow stripe Reinforcements, Movement, Rally, Defensive Artillery Fire, and Tory Militia—Tan with brown stripe Close Combat that is not directed against the Savannah Defensive Perimeter, may apply. French Metropolitan Regulars—Light Turquose with Turquoise stripe Tactical Turn Track: Game Turns 16–25. Each Turn represents one hour. Player order -
The Gold Metallurgy of Isaac Newton
The Gold Metallurgy of Isaac Newton E. G. V. Newman The Royal Mint, London The science of metals had always appealed to Isaac Newton and when, after the conclusion of his remarkable contributions to mathe- matics and physics, he was invited to take charge of the Royal Mint in London he was able not only to display his great gifts as an administrator but also to exercise his interest in metals and alloys and particularly in the metallurgy of gold. For over thirty years Isaac Newton lived the been accorded him for his scientific work despite the secluded life of a scholar. As undergraduate and later endeavours of his friends Samuel Pepys, John Locke Fellow and Professor at Cambridge he was shy and and Christopher Wren to secure for him a public post reserved, careless of his appearance and even more worthy of his stature. He returned to Cambridge and careless of his eating habits. This period came to a there busied himself with experimental work in triumphant conclusion, of course, with the publication chemistry and metallurgy. of the Principia in 1687. It was not until 1696 that an easement came about For a further period of thirty years, apparently by in the form of an appointment that was to effect a an astonishing transformation, Newton served his complete change in his way of life and his financial country as a highly able public official and also as the welfare. This came through the good offices of an leader of the scientific community. The achievements old friend from his undergraduate days at Trinity and the glory of the former period have not un- College whom he had re-encountered as a fellow naturally overshadowed the latter half of his working Member of Parliament, Charles Montagu. -
WILLIAM SUTHERLAND HAMILTON PAPERS Mss
WILLIAM SUTHERLAND HAMILTON PAPERS Mss. 3167 Inventory Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections Special Collections, Hill Memorial Library Louisiana State University Libraries Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Reformatted 2019 Revised 2019 by Nick Skaggs HAMILTON (WILLIAM SUTHERLAND) PAPERS Mss. 3167 1766-1942 LSU LIBRARIES SPECIAL COLLECTIONS CONTENTS OF INVENTORY SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 3 BIOGRAPHICAL/HISTORICAL NOTE .......................................................................... 4 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE ....................................................................................... 4 COLLECTION DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 5 INDEX TERMS .................................................................................................................. 9 CONTAINER LIST .......................................................................................................... 10 Use of manuscript materials. If you wish to examine items in the manuscript group, please place a request via the Special Collections Request System. Consult the Container List for location information. Photocopying. Should you wish to request photocopies, please consult a staff member. Do not remove items to be photocopied. The existing order and arrangement of unbound materials must be maintained. Reproductions must be made from surrogates (microfilm, -
Guide to Canadian Sources Related to Southern Revolutionary War
Research Project for Southern Revolutionary War National Parks National Parks Service Solicitation Number: 500010388 GUIDE TO CANADIAN SOURCES RELATED TO SOUTHERN REVOLUTIONARY WAR NATIONAL PARKS by Donald E. Graves Ensign Heritage Consulting PO Box 282 Carleton Place, Ontario Canada, K7C 3P4 in conjunction with REEP INC. PO Box 2524 Leesburg, VA 20177 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND GUIDE TO CONTENTS OF STUDY 1A: Object of Study 1 1B: Summary of Survey of Relevant Primary Sources in Canada 1 1C: Expanding the Scope of the Study 3 1D: Criteria for the Inclusion of Material 3 1E: Special Interest Groups (1): The Southern Loyalists 4 1F: Special Interest Groups (2): Native Americans 7 1G: Special Interest Groups (3): African-American Loyalists 7 1H: Special Interest Groups (4): Women Loyalists 8 1I: Military Units that Fought in the South 9 1J: A Guide to the Component Parts of this Study 9 PART 2: SURVEY OF ARCHIVAL SOURCES IN CANADA Introduction 11 Ontario Queen's University Archives, Kingston 11 University of Western Ontario, London 11 National Archives of Canada, Ottawa 11 National Library of Canada, Ottawa 27 Archives of Ontario, Toronto 28 Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library 29 Quebec Archives Nationales de Quebec, Montreal 30 McCord Museum / McGill University Archives, Montreal 30 Archives de l'Universite de Montreal 30 New Brunswick 32 Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Fredericton 32 Harriet Irving Memorial Library, Fredericton 32 University of New Brunswick Archives, Fredericton 32 New Brunswick Museum Archives, -
Portraiture of Our Stuart Monarchs on Their Coins and Medals
PORTRAITURE OF OUR STUART MONARCHS ON THEIR COINS AND MEDALS. PART VI. ANNE. BY HELEN FARQUIIAR. ONDY on ye 8th March 170J att 8 in the Forenoon at Kensington dyed his Maty K. William the third."1 So reads the announcement in the minutes of the Treasury Board of this important event, and the Age of Queen Anne had commenced. " The Age of Queen Anne " ! This THE PEACE OF UTRECHT MEDAL. MED. ILL., VOL II., P. 401, NO. 259. phrase, so familiar to every Englishman, be his bent towards the study of history or literature, is usually considered synonymous with success. To those, however, who specially interest themselves in portraiture, it is somewhat disappointing, for although we speak of "Queen Anne furniture," of " Queen Anne architecture," of " Queen Anne literature " 1 MS. Treasury Minutes, T. 29, vol. 13, p. 135. 20 Portraiture o or Stuart Monarcs. —yes, and of " Queen Anne plate," with pleasure and admiration, we find no remarkable development in the paintings of the day. But the glory of the reign, due to the victories of the nation in foreign wars, ultimately resulting in a long awaited, if not a very glorious, peace, and thereby giving a stimulus to commerce and art, is constantly brought before us by medals commemorating battles and finally the termination of hostilities ; and fortunately in this form of portraiture we find much to admire. And not only upon Anne's medals is she well portrayed, for the increased tendency towards high relief upon her coin, although prejudicial to its utility, in its medallic character almost justifies the panegyric of Ruding, who declared that in her reign " we enter upon the second splendid period in the annals of our mints."1 "The beauty of her coinage," writes this enthusiastic chronicler, " is exceeded only by the admirable works of Simon." PATTERN GUINEA OF 1702, SHOWING THE NECK BARE, IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. -
The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
THE CORRESPONDENCE OF ISAAC NEWTON Author: Sir Isaac Newton, H.W. Turnball Number of Pages: 524 pages Published Date: 16 Oct 2008 Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Publication Country: Cambridge, United Kingdom Language: English ISBN: 9780521737838 DOWNLOAD: THE CORRESPONDENCE OF ISAAC NEWTON Hare St John fl late 17th century. Keill John mathematician and astronomer. Leibnitz Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von philosopher and mathematician. Lloyd William Bishop of Worcester. Oldenburg Henry scientist. Pemberton Henry Professor of Physics. Smith Barnabas d Rector of North Witham. Storer Arthur fl Tenison Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury and controversialist collector of manuscripts. Wallis John mathematician. Corporate Names Cambridge University. Royal Greenwich Observatory. Royal Society of London. Trinity College Cambridge University -. Archive Record Table of contents. Because of his scientific nature, Newton's religious beliefs were never wholly known. His study of the laws of motion and universal gravitation became his best-known discoveries, but after much examination he admitted that, "Gravity explains the motions of the planets, but it cannot explain who set the planets in motion. God governs all things and knows all that is or can be done. Account Options Anmelden. Meine Mediathek Hilfe Erweiterte Buchsuche. The Correspondence of Isaac Newton , Band 1. In mathematics too, early brilliance appeared in Newton's student notes. He may have learnt geometry at school, though he always spoke of himself as self-taught; certainly he advanced through studying the writings of his compatriots William Oughtred and John Wallis, and of Descartes and the Dutch school. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied, but is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves differentiation and defining areas bounded by curves integration. -
Lottery Loans in the Eighteenth Century
Lottery Loans in the Eighteenth Century François R. Velde Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago February 1, 2017 Abstract Preliminary and very incomplete. Keywords: behavioral finance, cumulative prospect theory, lottery bonds (JEL N13, E03). In the 18th century Britain frequently issued lottery loans, selling to investors bonds whose size was determined later by a draw. The probability distribution was perfectly known and highly skewed. After the draw the bonds were indistinguishable from other bonds. I collect market prices for the lottery tickets and show that investors were paying a substantial premium to be exposed to this artificial risk. Information about winners indicates that investors were well-to-do and included many merchants and bankers. I turn to cumulative prospect theory to make sense of these observations and estimate the equilibrium model of Barberis and Huang (2008). The preference parameters can account for the level of the lottery premium but not the bubble-like pattern of prices over the course of the draws. A Lottery is a taxation Upon all the fools in creation; And Heav’n be prais’d It is easily rais’d::: The Lottery (1731) Henry Fielding 1 Introduction Preferences are a basic building block of economic models and, among other things, represent attitudes toward risk. The standard expected-utility framework has been used for decades and questioned for almost as long (Allais, 1953). Increasingly, alternative frameworks are being explored both theoretically and empirically, but clean tests are difficult to come by. Experiments mostly rely on hypothetical situations or else involve small stakes. Gambling and betting (Garrett and Sobel, 1999; Golec and Tamarkin, 1998) may have a recreational element. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Dear Friends
ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Dear Friends, The Greenway is there for the public. It’s there in the interactive art installations and the fog rolling off the lights at the Rings Fountains. It’s there when you want to sip a craft beer in a beautiful setting, or ride a carousel lobster steps from the Harbor, or tango under the trees on a summer night. And it’s there to stay. This year marks an amazing time of stability for The Greenway. The Greenway Conservancy signed a long-term agreement with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, launching an upcoming decade where park planning and care can flourish. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the City of Boston, the Greenway Conservancy, and a key business group of abutting property owners also reached an agreement for foundational funding that will ensure first-class upkeep of The Greenway. With this stability comes an even stronger asset to Boston and Massachusetts and an opportunity for the Conservancy to build deeper philanthropic relationships for programming and improvement. The Greenway is a park of innovation; from the organically-maintained gardens, to an early large-scale free WiFi system, to hosting the first gourmet food trucks in Boston. This year, we added the outdoor beer garden and downtown zipline to that list of firsts. The Trillium Garden on The Greenway created a beautiful space for neighbors, visitors, friends and families to gather under the lights and toast the local beer scene. The Z, a three-story, 220’ zipline, gave riders a unique view of downtown Boston, the waterfront and The Greenway corridor. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Small Mites for the Treasury of Learning: the Everyday Life of the New Science in Late Seve
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Small Mites for the Treasury of Learning: The Everyday Life of the New Science in Late Seventeenth-Century London A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Laura Ritchie Morgan 2016 © Copyright by Laura Ritchie Morgan 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Small Mites for the Treasury of Learning: The Everyday Life of the New Science in Late Seventeenth-Century London by Laura Ritchie Morgan Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Margaret C. Jacob, Chair Drawing on experimental notebooks, account books, estate inventories, and bureaucratic memoranda, this dissertation demonstrates that the investigation and manipulation of the natural world in Restoration London stretched beyond the well-known Royal Society. The Society relied on skills, labor, and unexpected expertise outside its Fellowship to shape its work, while skills valued by the Society’s Fellows were found in pre-existing industries. In addition, the experimentation, observation, and collection practices essential to the new science occurred in small shops, Royal palaces, and the streets of metropolis. Chapter Two argues that the Society’s first home at Gresham College was an uncontrolled space, neither public nor private, through which many Londoners moved. While some servants, craftspeople, and experts were invited in to contribute skill or labor, the experience and knowledge outsiders unexpectedly brought into the Society, the College, or London itself also influenced the questions investigated by the Society. ii Chapter Three is a detailed examination of apothecary John Conyers’s years-long efforts to disprove the theory of air pressure by observing changes in atmospheric moisture. -
A History of English Goldsmiths and Plateworkers
; 6HH G r~L D A AUBIF ABBOBUM. frjtoj of <fegl:b| (Solbsimtjjs anb |1httcborko, AND THEIR MARKS STAMPED ON PLATE P COPIED IN AC-SIMILE FROM CELEBRATED EXAMPLES J AND THE EARLIEST RECORDS PRESERVED AT GOLDSMITHS' HALL, LONDON, WITH THEIR NAMES, ADDRESSES, AND DATES OF ENTRY. 2,500 ILLUSTRATIONS. ALSO HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF THE GOLDSMITHS' COMPANY AND THEIR HALL MARKS; THE REGALIA; THE MINT; CLOSING OF THE EXCHEQUER GOLDSMITH-BANKERS; SHOP SIGNS; A COPIOUS INDEX, ETC. PRECEDED BY AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON THE GOLDSMITHS' AET. BY WILLIAM CHAFFERS, AUTHOR OF " HALL MARKS ON GOLD AND SILVER PLATE," " L'ORFEVRERIE FRANCAISE," " MARKS AND MONOGRAMS ON POTTERY AND PORCELAIN " " THE KERAMIC GALLERY " (ILLUSTRATED), " THE COLLECTOR'S HANDBOOK OF MARKS AND MONOGRAMS ON POTTERY AND PORCELAIN," " PRICED CATALOGUE OF COINS," ETC. The Companion to "HALL MARKS ON GOLD AND SILVER PLATE," by the same Author. LONDON: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. PUBLISHERS TO THE INDIA OFFICE. clo.Io.ccc.Lxxxin. All rights reserved.) : LONDON PRINTED BY W. H. ALL EX AND CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. 8.W. PKEFACE. The former work of the writer, entitled " Hall Marks on Gold and Silver Plate," has been so extensively patronised by the public as to call for six editions since the date of its first appearance in I860, supplying a most important aid to Ama- teurs and Collectors of Old Plate, enabling them to ascertain the precise date of manufacture by the sign manual of the Goldsmiths' Company, stamped upon it when sent to be assayed. That it has been generally appreciated is evident from the fact that it is to be found in the hands of every leading Goldsmith in the United Kingdom, as well as Amateurs and Possessors of family plate. -
Report Outline
Southern Campaigns, Revolutionary War Phase II: Research in Great Britain _________________________ Southern Campaigns of the Revolutionary War Phase II: Research in Great Britain Final Report for National Park Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Submitted by Evans-Hatch & Associates 510 Duane Street, Astoria, Oregon (503) 325-1313 / [email protected] August 2003 1 ________________________________ Evans-Hatch & Associates Final Report, August 2003 Southern Campaigns, Revolutionary War Phase II: Research in Great Britain _________________________ CONTENTS PART 1: Narrative Report Introduction Objective Methods Observations and Findings Resources Investigated General Findings Suggestions for Future Activities Collections in Scotland Additional Work in the United Kingdom and North America PART 2: Regiments List: British and Loyalist PART 3: Bibliography Printed Primary Sources Guides and Finding Aids Books and Journal Articles PART 4: List of Repositories Contacted PART 5: Archive Document Record Index Summaries of Record Content Inventory of Records PART 6: Appendices A: Correspondence with Repositories Sample Letters from Evans-Hatch & NPS Director Jerry Belson Responses from Repositories B: The National Archives (Public Record Office) Finding Aids: Leaflets Ordering Copies (Microform and Other Forms) C. Archive Document Record Form D: Copies of Selected Research Material (in separate notebook) PART 7: Electronic Report Electronic Final Report (MS WORD) Inventory (MS ACCESS database) 2 ________________________________ Evans-Hatch