DOCSLIB.ORG

Reframing “Food Deserts”: the History of Urban Supermarket Access and Its Public Policy Discourse

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reframing “Food Deserts”: the History of Urban Supermarket Access and Its Public Policy Discourse REFRAMING “FOOD DESERTS”: THE HISTORY OF URBAN SUPERMARKET ACCESS AND ITS PUBLIC POLICY DISCOURSE by Karina Christiansen, MPP A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland August, 2016 © 2016 Karina M. H. Christiansen All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Background: Though supermarket access features prominently in the public health literature and may help explain diet-related health disparities in American cities, there is scant literature on the history of supermarket access or its prior public policy discourse. The dominant frame to understand unequal food access in American cities – the “food desert” concept – is based on a causal narrative of urban economic decline. However, the “food desert” narrative in its focus on economic status cannot account for the lack of quality supermarkets in black urban areas, independent of income. Objective: This dissertation research interrogated the assumption within the “food desert” frame that poor food access in low-income and racially segregated neighborhoods today is a product of economic decline. Rather unequal food access may be an on-going condition in low-income and racially segregated neighborhoods. As such, urban supermarket access is likely to have been contested in public policy prior to the current framing of the problem. Methods: This research used a parallel mixed methods design, incorporating complimentary empirical and interpretive methodologies. First, historical supermarket data from Brooklyn, New York were used to identify supermarket and neighborhood socio-demographic trends that occurred between 1970 and 2010 (Aim 1). Supermarket retail data were derived from Dun & Bradstreet and the Yellow Pages, and joined with neighborhood-level data from the U.S. Census. Second, a policy discourse analysis uncovered the prior public policy discourse on urban supermarket access, using documents generated by the supermarket industry, consumer advocates, and civil rights ! ""! groups between 1960 and 1999 (Aim 2). Documents were located from online databases (ProQuest History Vault, ProQuest Congressional, and ProQuest Central) and in the archives of a major supermarket lobby organization, the Food Marketing Institute. Results: The number of supermarkets declined in Brooklyn, New York between 1970 and 2010. Black and higher poverty areas had consistently higher ratios of person per supermarket than white and lower poverty areas. Between 1970 and 1990, white and lower poverty neighborhoods lost on average more stores than black and higher poverty neighborhoods; findings from the discourse analysis corroborate this description of which areas experienced supermarket closure. Supermarkets in predominantly black urban areas were consistently described as dirtier, more crowded, higher priced, and lower quality than stores in white areas; the lack of quality foods and higher prices in black neighborhoods was considered a problem of economic justice and posed a risk for hunger. Though the poor conditions of grocery shopping in black urban areas remained relatively stable over the study time period, the political discourse about urban grocery demonstrated a clear shift away from concerns about the problems of consumers in racially segregated and exploitative markets, towards concerns about the problems of businesses operating in poor urban areas. Accompanying the shifting problem frame was a diminished critique of the role of capital and racism in creating the marketplace for food in black urban neighborhoods; the supermarket industry, accused of profiteering from the spatially isolated poor in the 1960s and 1970s, repositioned itself in the 1980s and 1990s as an integral partner in urban economic redevelopment and health. Conclusions: The findings from this mixed methods research challenge the assumptions and the adequacy of the “food desert” frame in promoting equity in the marketplace for ! """! food. First, the “food desert” narrative claims that unequal conditions today are the product of supermarket migration, implying that prior to migration there was parity in supermarket access in the city. Yet both the empirical and discourse analysis provide evidence that urban supermarkets closed from white and more affluent neighborhoods; there is no evidence that black neighborhoods had either parity in access to supermarkets or in the quality of local supermarkets at any time during the study period. Second, the “food desert” decline narrative is used to promote supermarket reinvestment policies aimed at improving health and spurring urban economic development; such a policy ignores the role of racism in creating inequalities and therefore cannot address root causes of unequal food access. Neoliberal policies such as supermarket redevelopment try to improve well-being through expanded options in the marketplace. This study suggests the need to reframe urban food inequalities through the lens of racism, capital, and policy, and to rearticulate the role of government in protecting the rights of citizens rather than facilitating the choices of consumers. ! "#! Dissertation Readers: Keshia Pollack, PhD MPH (Advisor) Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management Lainie Rutkow, PhD JD MPH Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management Katherine Clegg Smith, PhD MA (Chair) Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Roni Neff, PhD ScM Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Sciences Nathan Connolly, PhD MA Associate Professor, Department of History Holly Taylor, PhD MPH (Alternate) Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management Caitlin Kennedy, PhD MPH (Alternate) Associate Professor, Departments of International Health and Health, Behavior and Society ! #! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS You cannot survive a PhD program without the love and support of a community taking care of you along the way. I have been incomparably fortunate in mine. And thank goodness, because I have needed it. In the past five years I have experienced terrible loss, as well as uneven, often painful, but redemptive growth. To those who have walked with me, I thank you. I will always try to earn the support and love you have given so freely. First and foremost, I am indebted to the generosity of my funders. It has been an honor to be a Brown Scholar in Community Health; the incredible commitment of Eddie and Sylvia Brown gave to all of us both the opportunity and the responsibility to dedicate ourselves to creating healthy and just cities. Thank you to Dr. Robert Blum and my fellow scholars, particularly Aracelis and Stacy, for the help along the way. I am so grateful to have been included as a Center for a Livable Future-Lerner Fellow, and deeply thankful to the staff of the CLF, particularly Darlene and Becca, for their support and mentorship during a difficult time. I have learned so much from the CLF family, and I am proud to be a part of it. Thanks also to the Center for Qualitative Studies in Health and Medicine for a dissertation enhancement grant, and an opportunity to present my work to a great community of scholars. Many thanks go to my advisor Dr. Keshia Pollack; your support and trust allowed me to pursue a research topic and method that is unusual in our field, and your thoughtful guidance and standards of excellence helped push me to do my best. I appreciate your confidence in me and in the value of this work. Thank you for your patience and for your prayers through these years together. ! #"! I am deeply indebted to my thesis committee; thank you for your time, your warmth, and your belief in this research. To Lainie Rutkow, you have been an unfailing resource to me throughout this program, thank you for your open door and your sincere care. To Roni Neff, your thoughtfulness in approaching research has been a model for me to follow and was foundational in the development of this dissertation research. To Nathan Connolly, your belief in the potential of this work gave me permission to believe in myself. You knew what I was trying to do before I did - thank you for patiently guiding me towards the big questions that motivate this research and make it relevant. To Katherine Clegg Smith, you provide an intellectual home for students who are interested in the meaning of health and social conditions, not just their measurements. Thank you for helping me to see myself as a researcher and an academic - your encouragement has been instrumental in making me feel like I belong. To my mentor, Michael Hanchard, I owe particular gratitude. The research itself would not have been possible without your formative guidance; you opened the door to a new way of thinking about what is and what ought to be. More importantly, your sincere care for me as a whole person has helped me navigate the most difficult years of my personal and professional life. Thank you for believing in me, challenging me, and daring me to see myself as you see me. Special and heartfelt thanks go to Mary Sewell. You always opened your heart and your door to me, and were ready to greet me with a much needed hug. I am deeply grateful for you! In my time at Hopkins, I have had the privilege to know some of the most dedicated, brilliant, and humane women anywhere. I could not have made it through this ! #""! program without my HPM colleagues, nor would I have wanted to. Thank you Sarah, Julia, Paloma, Alene, and Shani for your friendship and care. To my Dissertation Support Group: Dorothy, Bess, Myra, Ramya, Waiwai, and Leslie, more than accountability, you provide community. To Kat, Jess, and Maria – I am forever thankful for the comfort, love, and support you have given me. Thanks also to Carrie, for years of friendship, statistics advice, and being my travel partner. I should know exceptional women when I see them – I somehow got to grow up with the most remarkable women I know. Thank you Kate, Leila, Jasmine, Brenda, Corinne, Dana, Becky, Julia, and Laura for loving me while we were learning how to be humans, for knowing me better than I know myself sometimes, and for being my family.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PMA MS First Fill Form
    For the following states please utilize the below group To the Injured Worker: number: AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI On your first visit, please give this this notice to any pharmacy listed on the back side to speed processing your approved workers’ compensation prescriptions (based on the guidelines established by your employer). Questions or need assistance locating a participating retail network pharmacy? Call the Express Scripts Patient Care Contact Center at 800.945.5951. KVQA Atencion Trabajador Lesionado: Este formulario de identificación para servicios temporales de prescripción de recetas por For all other States, please utilize the below Group number: compensación del trabajador DEBERÁ SER PRESENTADO a su farmacéutico al surtir su(s) receta(s) inicial(es). Si tiene cualquier duda o necesita localizar una farmacia participante, por favor contacte al área de Atención a Clientes de Express Scripts, en el teléfono 800.945.5951. L7EA To the Pharmacist: Express Scripts administers this workers’ compensation To the Supervisor: Please fill in the prescription program. Please follow the steps below to submit a claim. Standard claim limitations include information requested for the injured worker. quantity exceeding 150 pills or a day supply exceeding 14 days. This form is valid for up to 30 days from DOI. Employee Information Limitations may vary. For assistance, call Express ________________ ______ _________________________ First M Last Scripts
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Annual Meat Conference Attendee List As of 2.21.2018
    2018 Annual Meat Conference Attendee List as of 2.21.2018 First Name Last Name Title Company Anne-Marie Roerink Principal 210 Analytics Marc DiPersio Vice President and Director, Fresh Foods A.J. Letizio Sales & Marketing, Inc. Nick Letizio Business Manager A.J. Letizio Sales & Marketing, Inc. Altneik Nesbit Purchasing Agent Abaco Groceries Marsh Harbour Martin McMahon General Manager ABP Food Group Gavin Murphy National Sales Manager ABP North America Jeffery Berlin Vice President, Fresh Foods Acosta Patrick Beyer Vice President, Fresh Acosta Dennis Blackmon Vice President, Food Service Acosta David Dobronski Associate Acosta Chad Judd Senior Business Manager Acosta Chris Korsak Director Acosta Christopher Love Vice President Acosta Rusty Mcdaniel Vice President, Fresh Foods Acosta Karen Olson Vice President, Fresh Foods Acosta Rick Pike Manager, Key Accounts Acosta Cliff Richardson Associate Acosta Ernie Vespole Senior Vice President, Fresh Foods Grocery Sales East Region Acosta Preston Harrell Sales Executive Action Food Sales, Inc. Mike Hughes Account Executive Action Food Sales, Inc. Mike Mickie Account Executive Action Food Sales, Inc. John Nilsson Vice President of Sales & Operations Action Food Sales, Inc. John Nilsson President Action Food Sales, Inc. Nikki Bauer Sales, Arizona Advanced Marketing Concepts Bill Claflin Sales Advanced Marketing Concepts Jim Baird Sales Manager Advantage Solutions Victor Bontomasi Director, Sales Advantage Solutions Bill Brader Area Vice President Advantage Solutions Mark Clausen Area Vice President
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3: Socioeconomic Conditions
    Chapter 3: Socioeconomic Conditions A. INTRODUCTION This chapter analyzes whether the proposed actions would result in changes in residential and economic activity that would constitute significant adverse socioeconomic impacts as defined by the City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR) Technical Manual.1 The proposed actions would result in the redevelopment of an underutilized site with an approximately 214,000- square-foot (sf), 60-foot-tall commercial building currently anticipated to be a BJ’s Wholesale Club along with up to three other retail stores on the second level, 690 parking spaces, and approximately 2.4 acres of publicly accessible waterfront open space. The Brooklyn Bay Center site (“project site”) is located at 1752 Shore Parkway between Shore Parkway South to the east, Gravesend Bay (Lower New York Bay) to the west, and between the prolongation of 24th Avenue to the north and the prolongation of Bay 37th Street to the south. The objective of the socioeconomic conditions analysis is to determine if the introduction of the retail uses planned under the proposed actions would directly or indirectly impact population, housing stock, or economic activities in the local study area or in the larger retail trade area. Pursuant to the CEQR Technical Manual, significant impacts could occur if an action meets one or more of the following tests: (1) if the action would lead to the direct displacement of residents such that the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood would be substantially altered; (2) if the action would lead to the displacement of substantial numbers of businesses or employees, or would displace a business that plays a critical role in the community; (3) if the action would result in substantial new development that is markedly different from existing uses in a neighborhood; (4) if the action would affect real estate market conditions not only on the site anticipated to be developed, but in a larger study area; or (5) if the action would have a significant adverse effect on economic conditions in a specific industry.
    [Show full text]
  • NGA Retailer Membership List October 2013
    NGA Retailer Membership List October 2013 Company Name City State 159-MP Corp. dba Foodtown Brooklyn NY 2945 Meat & Produce, Inc. dba Foodtown Bronx NY 5th Street IGA Minden NE 8772 Meat Corporation dba Key Food #1160 Brooklyn NY A & R Supermarkets, Inc. dba Sav-Mor Calera AL A.J.C.Food Market Corp. dba Foodtown Bronx NY ADAMCO, Inc. Coeur D Alene ID Adams & Lindsey Lakeway IGA dba Lakeway IGA Paris TN Adrian's Market Inc. dba Adrian's Market Hopwood PA Akins Foods, Inc. Spokane Vly WA Akins Harvest Foods- Quincy Quincy WA Akins Harvest Foods-Bonners Ferry Bonner's Ferry ID Alaska Growth Business Corp. dba Howser's IGA Supermarket Haines AK Albert E. Lees, Inc. dba Lees Supermarket Westport Pt MA Alex Lee, Inc. dba Lowe's Food Stores Inc. Hickory NC Allegiance Retail Services, LLC Iselin NJ Alpena Supermarket, Inc. dba Neimans Family Market Alpena MI American Consumers, Inc. dba Shop-Rite Supermarkets Rossville GA Americana Grocery of MD Silver Spring MD Anderson's Market Glen Arbor MI Angeli Foods Company dba Angeli's Iron River MI Angelo & Joe Market Inc. Little Neck NY Antonico Food Corp. dba La Bella Marketplace Staten Island NY Asker's Thrift Inc., dba Asker's Harvest Foods Grangeville ID Autry Greer & Sons, Inc. Mobile AL B & K Enterprises Inc. dba Alexandria County Market Alexandria KY B & R Stores, Inc. dba Russ' Market; Super Saver, Best Apple Market Lincoln NE B & S Inc. - Windham IGA Willimantic CT B. Green & Company, Inc. Baltimore MD B.W. Bishop & Sons, Inc. dba Bishops Orchards Guilford CT Baesler's, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Food & Beverage
    Supply Chain Assets Asset Industry Clusters Legend Cold Storage Packaging Consulting/Services Transportation/ Warehouse/Trucking Food & Beverage Engineering New York Loves Food Industry connects the agribusiness industry to the academia, R&D, and food manufacturing resources needed Equipment Highway to be successful in the United States. Manufactured Ingredients Rail Labs POTSDAM CANADA NEW YORK LAKE ONTARIO TORONTO ROCHESTER NIAGARA FALLS SYRACUSE UTICA BATAVIA CANANDAIGUA ALBANY BUFFALO ITHACA ALFRED LAKE ERIE Drive Times Labs FISHKILL BUFFALO COMPANY CITY Toronto, ON, CA 2 Hours Acts Testing Labs, Inc./Bureau Veritas Buffalo New York, NY 6 Hours Ameritech Laboratories College Point Washington DC 7 Hours Bacti-Chem Labs of NY, Inc. Long Island NEW YORK CITY Chicago, IL 8.5 Hours Biotrax Testing Laboratory Cheektowaga SYRACUSE Certified Laboratories, Inc. Melville Montreal, QC, CA 4 Hours Chestnut Labs Ithaca New York, NY 4 Hours Cornell Nutrient Analysis Laboratory Ithaca Philadelphia, PA 4 Hours Dairy One Ithaca ATLANTIC OCEAN Washington DC 6 Hours EMSL Analytical, Inc. New York ALBANY FDA Northeast Regional/District Office Buffalo/Rochester/New York Boston, MA 2.5 Hours FDA Northeast Regional/District Office Syracuse/Binghampton/Albany/Jamaica New York, NY 2.5 Hours MICROBAC Cortland Montreal, QC, CA 3.5 Hours NYS Food Laboratory Albany Philadelphia, PA 4 Hours NYSAES- Food Research Lab Geneva harvestny.cce.cornell.edu Supply Chain Assets Food & Beverage Grocery Stores in New York HQ IN NEW YORK HQ OUTSIDE OF NEW YORK SUPERMARKET
    [Show full text]
  • Lidl Expanding to New York with Best Market Purchase
    INSIDE TAKING THIS ISSUE STOCK by Jeff Metzger At Capital Markets Day, Ahold Delhaize Reveals Post-Merger Growth Platform Krasdale Celebrates “The merger and integration of Ahold and Delhaize Group have created a 110th At NYC’s Museum strong and efficient platform for growth, while maintaining strong business per- Of Natural History formance and building a culture of success. In an industry that’s undergoing 12 rapid change, fueled by shifting customer behavior and preferences, we will focus on growth by investing in our stores, omnichannel offering and techno- logical capabilities which will enrich the customer experience and increase efficiencies. Ultimately, this will drive growth by making everyday shopping easier, fresher and healthier for our customers.” Those were the words of Ahold Delhaize president and CEO Frans Muller to the investment and business community delivered at the company’s “Leading Wawa’s Mike Sherlock WWW.BEST-MET.COM Together” themed Capital Markets Day held at the Citi Executive Conference Among Those Inducted 20 In SJU ‘Hall Of Honor’ Vol. 74 No. 11 BROKERS ISSUE November 2018 See TAKING STOCK on page 6 Discounter To Convert 27 Stores Next Year Lidl Expanding To New York With Best Market Purchase Lidl, which has struggled since anteed employment opportunities high quality and huge savings for it entered the U.S. 17 months ago, with Lidl following the transition. more shoppers.” is expanding its footprint after an- Team members will be welcomed Fieber, a 10-year Lidl veteran, nouncing it has signed an agree- into positions with Lidl that offer became U.S. CEO in May, replac- ment to acquire 27 Best Market wages and benefits that are equal ing Brendan Proctor who led the AHOLD DELHAIZE HELD ITS CAPITAL MARKETS DAY AT THE CITIBANK Con- stores in New York (26 stores – to or better than what they cur- company’s U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Directors Election
    09/30/2003 Page 159 Board of Directors Election Excerpts from Texas Property Tax Code Section 6.03 Board of Directors (e) The chief appraiser shall calculate the number of votes to which each taxing unit other than a conservation and reclamation district is entitled and shall deliver written notice to each of those units of its voting entitlement before October 1 of each odd-numbered year. The chief appraiser shall deliver the notice: (1) to the county jUdge and each commissioner of the county served by the appraisal district; (2) to the presiding officer of the governing body of each city or town participating in the appraisal district, to the city manager of each city or town having a city manager, and to the city secretary or clerk, if there is one, of each city or town that does not have a city manager; and (3) to the presiding officer of the governing body of each school district participating in the district and to the superintendent of those school districts. (g) Each taxing unit other than a conservation and reclamation district that is entitled to vote may nominate by resolution adopted by its governing body one candidate for each position to be filled on the board of directors. The presiding officer of the governing body of the unit shall submit the names of the unit's nominees to the chief appraiser before October 15. m Before October 30,. the chief appraiser shall prepare a ballot, listing the candidates whose names were timely submitted under Subsection (g), alphabetically according to the first letter in each candidate's surname, and shall deliver a copy of the ballot to the presiding officer of the governing body of each taxing unit that is entitled to vote.
    [Show full text]
  • TURNING FOOD DESERTS INTO OASES Why New York’S Public Housing Should Encourage Commercial Development Howard Husock Senior Fellow
    REPORT | October 2016 TURNING FOOD DESERTS INTO OASES Why New York’s Public Housing Should Encourage Commercial Development Howard Husock Senior Fellow 1 Turning Food Deserts into Oases | Why New York’s Public Housing Should Encourage Commercial Development About the Author Howard Husock is vice president for research and publications at the Manhattan Institute, where he is also director of the Institute’s social entrepreneurship initiative. A City Journal contributing editor, he is the author of Philanthropy Under Fire (2013) and a contributor to Forbes.com. From 1987 through 2006, Husock was director of case studies in public policy and management at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, where he was also a fellow at the Hauser Center on Nonprofit Organizations. His publications on the nonprofit sector have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, National Affairs, New York Times, New York Times Magazine, Society, Chronicle of Philanthropy, and Public Interest. Husock has written widely on U.S. housing and urban policy, including in his book The Trillion-Dollar Housing Mistake: The Failure of American Housing Policy (2003) and his monograph Repairing the Ladder: Toward a New Housing Policy Paradigm (1996). His work has appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Philanthropy, and The Wilson Quarterly. A former broadcast journalist and documentary filmmaker whose work won three Emmy Awards, Husock serves on the board of directors of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. He holds a B.A. from Boston University’s School of Public Communication and was a 1981–82 mid-career fellow at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Longevity of the Supermarket As a Non-Place in Don Delillo's White Noise
    FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Linguistics and Literature Vol. 15, No 2, 2017, pp. 235-243 https://doi.org/10.22190/FULL1702235P THE LONGEVITY OF THE SUPERMARKET AS A NON-PLACE 1 IN DON DELILLO’S WHITE NOISE UDC 821.111(73).09-31 De Lillo D. Stefan Pajović University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract. The paper examines the setting of the supermarket as a non-place in Don DeLillo's novel White Noise, published in 1985, and its lastingness in contemporary culture. Critics have been mainly focusing on the consumerist and religious meaning of the place of the supermarket in the novel, disregarding its spatial implications. As a place, the concept of the supermarket is present in the philosophical thought of the French anthropologist Marc Augé who had developed the term “non-place” during the last decade of the twentieth century. It is this paper’s aim to prove beyond doubt that DeLillo’s concept of the supermarket, as portrayed in White Noise, matches Augé’s notion of a non-place. Other non-places include: a hotel room, a highway, or an airport. Furthermore, there exists a difference between “space” and “place” which is essential for the genesis of a non-place, including the one of the supermarket. This shopping area is marked by transience and created with a certain intention in mind, but it simultaneously represents a familiar place, which is precisely the way numerous DeLillo’s characters perceive it in the novel. The longevity of the supermarket as a non-place can be found in the present cultural context as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Participating Chain Pharmacies
    PARTICIPATING CHAIN PHARMACIES A & P Pharmacy Discount Drug Mart Hy-Vee, Drug Town Network Pharmacy Shoppers Pharmacy ABCO Pharmacy Doc's Drugs Ingles Pharmacy Oncology Pharmacy Services Shoprite Pharmacy Acme Pharmacy Drug Emporium Integrity Healthcare Services P&C Food Market Shurfine Pharmacy Acme, Lucky, Osco, Sav-on Drug Fair Kare Pharmacy Pacmed Clinic Pharmacy Smith's Food & Drug Center Albertson's Pharmacy Duane Reade Kash N' Karry Pharmacy Pamida Pharmacy Snyder Drug Stores Allcare Pharmacy Eagle Pharmacy Kelsey Seybold Clinic Pharmacy Park Nicollet Pharmacy Southern Family Markets Ambulatory Pharmaceutical Services Edgehill Drugs Kerr Drug Pathmark Stadtlander Pharmacy Anchor Pharmacy Express, Thrift, Treasury Keystone Medicine Chest Payless Pharmacy Standard Drug Company Appletree Pharmacy Fagen Pharmacy King Kullen Pharmacy Pediatric Services of America Star Pharmacy Arrow Pharmacy Fairview Pharmacy Kinney Drug's Pharma-Card Statscript Pharmacy Aurora Pharmacy Family Care Pharmacy Kleins Supermarket Pharmacy Pharmacy Plus Steele's Pharmacy B J's Pharmacy Family Drug Klinck, Drug Barn Presbyterian Retail Pharmacy Stop & Shop Pharmacy Bakers Pharmacy Family Fare Klingensmith's Drug Price Chopper Pharmacy Super D Bartell Drugs Family Pharmacy Kmart Pharmacy Price Less Drug Super Food Mart Basha's United Drug Fedco Drug Knight Drugs Price Wise, Piggly Wiggly Super Fresh Pharmacy Bel Air Pharmacy Finast Pharmacy Kohlls Pharmacy Prime Med Pharmacy Super RX Pharmacy Big Bear Pharmacy Food 4 Less Pharmacy Kopp Drug Publix Pharmacy
    [Show full text]
  • A Sustainable Future
    KROGER’S 2019 ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL & GOVERNANCE (ESG) REPORT A Sustainable Future 2019 We imagine a better future for SUSTAINABILITY people and the planet — a world REPORT with Zero Hunger | Zero Waste. 2019 SUSTAINABILITY Contents REPORT About About This Zero Hunger | Kroger Report Zero Waste Operations Letter from Our Zero Hunger Chairman & CEO Governance Zero Waste 2020 Sustainability Engagement Goals Zero Heroes Report Overview ESG Index Our Customers & Communities Our People Our Planet Our Products Customer Satisfaction Talent Attraction Zero Waste Better-for-You & Digital Innovation & Retention Products Food Waste Health & Nutrition Associate Health Sustainable Product Energy & Emissions & Safety Packaging Food Access Water Responsible Sourcing Community Engagement Supply Chain Accountability Food Safety GRI Index 2018 Awards PAGE 1 \\ THE KROGER FAMILY OF COMPANIES 2019 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT Our Customers Our People Our Planet Our Products & Communities PAGE 2 \\ THE KROGER FAMILY OF COMPANIES 2019 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT About Kroger GRI 102-1, 102-3, 102-5 BECOMING KROGER In 1883, Barney Kroger invested his life savings of $372 to open a grocery store at 66 Pearl Street in downtown Cincinnati. The son of a merchant, he ran his business with a simple motto: “Be particular. Never sell anything you would not want yourself.” This credo served Kroger well over the next 136 years as the supermarket business evolved into a variety of formats aimed at satisfying the ever-changing needs of shoppers. The Kroger Co. is a publicly held corpora- tion (NYSE: KR). Still based in Cincinnati, Kroger operates nearly 2,800 stores under two dozen banners, ranking as one of the world’s largest retailers.
    [Show full text]
  • First Fill Temporary Pharmacy Card Making It Easy to Get Your Workers’ Compensation Prescriptions Filled
    First Fill Temporary Pharmacy Card Making it easy to get your workers’ compensation prescriptions filled. Employer: Print this page immediately upon receiving notice of injury, fill in the information below and give it to your employee. Injured Employee: 1. If you need a prescription filled for a work-related injury or illness, go to a Tmesys network pharmacy. 2. Give this page to the pharmacist. 3. The pharmacist will fill your prescription at no cost. Attention Pharmacists: Call 800.964.2531 to establish First Fill benefit eligibility and obtain the ID# for online adjudication Prescription Card of approved benefits for the injured worker. CARRIER/TPA EMPLOYER/OTHER ENTITY Tmesys is the designated PBM for this patient. Sedgwick CLIC INJURED WORKER NAME Tmesys Pharmacy SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER DATE OF INJURY Help Desk 800.964.2531 Please provide directly to Pharmacist Notice to Cardholder: This card should be presented to your pharmacy to receive NDC Envoy medication for your work-related injury. It is only valid within 30 days of your date of injury. RxBin 004261 or 002538 For information regarding the program or to find nearby pharmacies call 866.599.5426. RxPCN CAL or Envoy Acct. # (To create a card for your wallet, cut along outer line and fold in half.) Pharmacist: 1. Call the Tmesys Pharmacy Help Desk at 800.964.2531. 2. Provide the information listed above. 3. The Help Desk will provide an ID number for adjudication. Finding a Network Pharmacy Use one of these easy methods to find a network pharmacy: ■ Visit one of the following pharmacy chains: Walgreens Walmart Duane Reade Publix Rite Aid CVS Kroger Safeway ■ Use our pharmacy locator online: www.pmsionline.com/pharmacy-center.
    [Show full text]