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RCI.11 P2-5 Atrium EDITOR é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada Publisher ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de INSTITUTO CULTURAL Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, do Governo da Região Administrativa particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos Especial de Macau os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos CONSELHO DE DIRECÇÃO Editorial Board textos assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da Heidi Ho, Marie MacLeod, responsabilidade dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem Luís Ferreira, Wong Io Fong, confundir-se com a orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o Paulo Coutinho e Charles Lam direito de não publicar, nem devolver, textos não solicitados. [email protected] é uma revista trimestral, simultaneamente publicada nas versões COORDENADOR Chinesa e Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo e o Co-ordinator encontro francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na Luís Ferreira transparência o seu processo. [email protected] Edição Internacional / International Edition is a cultural magazine published quarterly in two versions—Chinese EDITOR EXECUTIVO and International (Portuguese/English)—whose purpose is to reflect the Executive Editor unique identity of Macao. The magazine also seeks to promote freedom Paulo Coutinho of expression and through the articles published we hope to stimulate [email protected] ideas and discussion of topics related to Western/Eastern cultural interchange, especially between China and Portugal. Edição Chinesa / Chinese Edition publishes articles covering an extensive range of topics expressing a EDITOR EXECUTIVO diversity of views. However, RC is not responsible for ideas and opinions Executive Editor voiced in these articles and thus they cannot be taken as editorial opinion. Wong Io Fong In addition, we reserve the right to withhold any unsolicited text from publication and the right not to return any unsolicited text. DIRECTOR GRÁFICO Graphic Director Victor Hugo Marreiros [email protected] CONCEPÇÃO GRÁFICA Graphic Design Grace Lei SEPARAÇÃO DE CORES Color Separation Tipografia Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] IMPRESSÃO Printing Tipografia Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] TIRAGEM Print Run 2000 REDACÇÃO E SECRETARIADO Publisher’s Office INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau SEP- Sector de Edições Periódicas Rua Pedro Coutinho, 27 - 2º A, Macau Tel: (853) 512280 / 5993113 Fax: (853) 592002 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.icm.gov.mo RevistaAssine a de Cultura Subscribe to Review of Culture PREÇOS A globalização do conhecimento começou em Macau Rates no século XVI quando os saberes do Oriente e do Ocidente se cruzaram nesta terra singular do Sul da China. EXEMPLAR AVULSO Single Copy No século XXI, o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois mundos Macau continua a ser a vocação de Macau. MOP 80,00* Resto do Mundo Rest of the world A Revista de Cultura é o veículo dessa vocação. US$ 10,00* *Não incluindo portes de correio Knowledge entered into an age of globalisation in Macao Not including postage in the 16th century when the wisdoms of East and West met ASSINATURA – PREÇO ESPECIAL in this unique part of South China. Subscription - Discount Price st Macau In the 21 century, Macao remains dedicated to cultural MOP 160,00** interchange between both worlds in a vocation maintained Resto do Mundo by Review of Culture. Rest of the world US$ 20,00** **A assinatura anual ou a compra de 4 exemplares de uma vez beneficia de um desconto de 50% do preço de capa. Annual subscription or onetime purchase of 4 issues gives a 50% discount off cover price. PORTES DE CORREIO Postage Ásia (preço por exemplar) via aérea - US$ 13,00 Para fazer a assinatura ou para a compra CONTACTOS via marítima - US$ 4,00 de números atrasados, s.f.f. preencha e envie Contacts Asia (price per copy) Email: [email protected] air mail - US$ 13,00 o formulário destacável que encontrará Tel: 853-512280 surface mail - US$ 4,00 nas últimas páginas desta edição. Resto do Mundo (preço por exemplar) Fax: 853-592002 via aérea - US$ 19,00 via marítima - US$ 6,00 To subscribe or to purchase back issues, Rest of the World (price per copy) please fill in and mail the form available air mail - US$ 19,00 surface mail - US$ 6,00 at the end of this issue. ATRIUM COLABORARAM NESTE NÚMERO Contributors to this Issue RC, n.° 11, IIIa Série, 3.° Trimestre 2004 RC, no. 11, IIIrd Series, 3rd Quarter 2004 TEXTOS Texts Anabela Nunes Monteiro Ernst van Veen George Bryan Souza Jin Guo Ping João Paulo Oliveira e Costa Jurrien van Goor Leonor Diaz de Seabra Manel Ollé i Rodríguez Peter Borschberg Rui Manuel Loureiro Wu Zhiliang Design Victor Hugo Marreiros TRADUÇÃO Translation A NOSSA CAPA Aldino Dias (Espanhol-Português), Com esta edição de RC apresentamos a primeira parte de um projecto editorial temático centrado COD Consultoria, Lda. nas relações entre as três potências marítimas europeias – Portugal, Espanha, Holanda – em Macau (Português-Inglês) e e na vasta região dos Mares do Sul da China no período que medeia entre o século XVI e os inícios PHILOS - Comunicação Global, Lda. do século XVIII. (Inglês - Português e Português-Inglês) A ideia-chave foi reunir fontes e investigadores, sobretudo destas três origens, por forma a obter uma visão comparativa do tema em análise, apresentando simultaneamente uma resenha da visão chinesa REVISÃO dos chamados “três mosqueteiros marítimos” (para usar a expressão de Jing Guo Ping/Wu Zhiliang). Proofreading Conseguimos reunir autores de nomeada e mesmo alguns dos mais destacados investigadores da história Luís Ferreira (Português), da expansão europeia no Extremo Oriente da actualidade, quer da Península Ibérica quer da Holanda. Cathryn Hope Clayton, Este primeiro número de “Encontros e Desencontros Europeus...” consiste num conjunto de peças Marie MacLeod historiográficas de alguns dos episódios mais marcantes envolvendo os interesses daquelas três potências e T. Rex Wilson (Inglês) marítimas no Extremo Oriente, ficando para o segundo (no prelo) a apresentação de uma antologia de textos coevos do objecto de estudo. AGRADECIMENTOS Quase todos os autores partem de um episódio ou figura históricos, muito concreto e definido, Acknowledgements para depois o inserirem no contexto genérico. Maritiem Museum (Rotterdam) Este foi também o “caminho” seguido por Victor Hugo Marreiros que na nossa capa, trabalhando sobre desenhos e cartografia da época, como que evoca a história destes “três mosqueteiros” marítimos. Que são quatro... OUR COVER This edition of RC contains the first part of a themed editorial project focusing on relations between three European maritime powers – Portugal, Spain, Holland – in Macao and the vast region of the South China Sea from the 16th century to the early 18th century. The underlying intention has been to gather researchers, predominantly from those three origins, to enable a comparative view of the subject under analysis; simultaneously there is a description of the Chinese view of these so called “three maritime musketeers” (to quote Jing Guo Ping/Wu Zhiliang). These renowned authors include some of the most prominent contemporary researchers of the history of the European expansion in the Far East, from both the Iberian Peninsula and Holland. This first issue of “European Encounters and Clashes…” comprises a set of articles covering some of the most remarkable episodes involving the interests of those three maritime powers in the Far East, while the second issue will present of an anthology of contemporary texts relating to this topic. Almost all of the authors begin with a concrete well-defined historical character, or episode, which is then placed in the general context. This is also the approach adopted by Victor Hugo Marreiros in creating the cover, using drawings and charts of the period to evoke the history of these “maritime musketeers”… of whom there were actually four! 4 Revista de Cultura • 11 • 2004 ATRIUM SUMÁRIO Index ENCONTROS E DESENCONTROS EUROPEUS NO MAR DO SUL DA CHINA I EUROPEAN ENCOUNTERS AND CLASHES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I 6 NOTA PREAMBULAR / FOREWORD በ۰݈֏ Rui Manuel Loureiro 12 THE SANTA CATARINA INCIDENT OF 1603. DUTCH FREEBOOTING, THE PORTUGUESE ESTADO DA ÍNDIA AND INTRA-ASIAN TRADE AT THE DAWN OF THE 17TH CENTURY ٽ߷෶ֲܐཬ෈Ͱ߆វᄃ28!͵ࡔ۞ޘ2714ѐņཐůΙ๰൞ऌְཱིІŇĈఈᜋঔ൸ĂО Peter Borschberg 26 MACAU, MANILA E OS HOLANDESES Ă੺κٛᄃఈᜋˠܝ፫ Rui Manuel Loureiro 35 OS JESUÍTAS E A CHEGADA DOS PROTESTANTES AO JAPÃO ࡠ᎘ົ̀ᄃາିवд͟ώ João Paulo Oliveira e Costa 48 MERCHANTS AS DIPLOMATS: EMBASSIES AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF EUROPEAN-ASIAN RELATIONS γϹछથˠĈֹᐡјࠎለֲᙯܼ۞ဦྋ Jurrien van Goor 65 COMPROMISSOS E SUBSERVIÊNCIA. RELAÇÕES DE MACAU COM A CHINA (2.ª METADE DO SÉCULO XVII) ᄃ઼̚۞ᙯܼĞ28!͵ࡔ˭ΗཧğܝᄃึଂĈ፫םԁ Anabela Nunes Monteiro 82 CHINESES, HOLANDESES E CASTELHANOS EM TAIWAN (1624-1684) ઼̚ˠăఈᜋˠᄃҘ঱Ͱˠдᄂ៉ Manel Ollé i Rodríguez 99 PÊRO VAZ DE SIQUEIRA, MERCADOR E ARMADOR NOS MARES DO SUL DA CHINA Pêro Vaz de Siqueira: ݑ઼̚ঔ۞થˠ׶௺͹ Leonor Diaz de Seabra 114 DUTCH TRADE AND NAVIGATION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DURING THE 17TH CENTURY ᄃਝঔٽࡔఈᜋдݑ઼̚ঔ۞෶͵!28 Ernst van Veen 136 COUNTRY TRADE AND CHINESE ALUM: RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN ASIA'S TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN THE 17 TH AND 18 TH CENTURIES 矾Ĉ28.29͵ࡔֲ߷ৱᖐݡϠயᄃࣧफ़۞ֻՐځᄃ઼̚ٽछ෶઼ George Bryan Souza 154 OS 'TRÊS MOSQUETEIROS MARÍTIMOS' VISTOS PELOS CHINESES ˠෛ౎̚۞ņˬ࣎ͫႀ͘Ň઼̚ Jin Guo Ping e Wu Zhiliang 174 RESUMOS 176 ABSTRACTS 2004 • 11 • Review of Culture 5 RUI MANUEL LOUREIRO ENCONTROS E DESENCONTROS EUROPEUS NO MAR DO SUL DA CHINA I Nota Preambular RUI MANUEL LOUREIRO* Os portugueses foram os primeiros europeus a pela Coroa lusitana.
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