Inhalt 1

INHALT

HAUPTREDNER / KEYNOTE LECTURES (HS 3)...... 2

SYMPOSIEN ...... 3

SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG 08:30–10:00 ...... 3

SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG 11:30-13:00 ...... 10

SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG 16:00-17:30 ...... 14

SYMPOSIEN FREITAG 08:30-10:00...... 23

SYMPOSIEN FREITAG 11:30-13:00...... 29

SYMPOSIEN FREITAG 16:30-18:00...... 35

SYMPOSIEN SAMSTAG 09:00-10:30 ...... 44

SYMPOSIEN SAMSTAG 12:00-13:30 ...... 48

POSTERSESSIONS ...... 55

Postersession Donnerstag (Posternummern 01 – 44) ...... 55

Postersession Donnerstag (Posternummern 45 – 88) ...... 71

Postersession Freitag (Posternummern 01 – 44) ...... 88

Postersession Freitag (Posternummern 45 – 88) ...... 103

POSTERBLITZ DER JUNGWISSENSCHAFTLER 2017 ...... 119

PERSONENVERZEICHNIS ...... 123

2 Keynote Lectures | PuG Trier 2017

HAUPTREDNER / KEYNOTE LECTURES (HS 3) DONNERSTAG, 15. JUNI 2017, 10:40 – 11:30 What we know (and do not know) about prepulse inhibition of startle Terry D. Blumenthal - Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC USA

The startle reflex is a phylogenetically old and very sensitive constellation of responses that serve both defensive and interruptive properties. Startle can be measured in a range of animal models, and in humans across the lifespan. This response is very sensitive to variations in stimulus and situational parameters, personality characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and pharmacological, social, and cognitive situations. One intriguing property of startle is the fact that it can be profoundly inhibited by the presentation of an otherwise innocuous stimulus, called a prepulse, shortly before the startle stimulus. This prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle is a very reliable and robust effect, attenuating the startle response completely in many cases. PPI can vary based on a multitude of stimulus, situation, and person parameters, and some of those factors will be discussed in this presenta- tion. Information about the sensitivity and utility of PPI will also be provided, suggesting applications in a variety of areas in psychology and neurosci- ence. An effort will also be made to correct some misconceptions about PPI, and to point toward future developments in the application of this exceedingly sensitive and useful measure.

FREITAG, 16. JUNI 2017, 10:40 – 11:30 Lernen, Gedächtnis und Plastizität des Gehirns: Implikationen für Verhaltensänderung Herta Flor - Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim

Lern- und Gedächtnisprozesse und damit einhergehende maladaptive plastische Veränderungen des Gehirns spielen bei der Entstehung psychischer Störungen, und spezifisch bei chronischen Schmerzen, eine entscheidende Rolle. Dabei dürfte das Hauptproblem die Unfähigkeit sein, aversive Gedächtnisinhalte zu löschen, die sowohl explizite wie auch implizite Gedächtnisspuren umfassen. Der dominante psychologische Zugang zu diesen Störungen ist kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch. Jedoch fokussieren diese Trainings auf eine Verminderung von Einschränkungen und die Bildung von Bewältigungsfertigkeiten. Auf der Basis der Evidenz für Gedächtnisprozesse in der Psychopathologie könnten hirnbasierte Extinktionsverfahren und sensomotorische Trainings alternative und eher an den Mechanismen orientierte Behandlungsalternativen für emotionale und sensorische Störun- gen sein, die durch extinktionsfördernde pharmakologische Interventionen verstärkt werden können. Wenn Personen lernen können, spezifische Hirnregionen zu beeinflussen, so hat das auch Implikationen für periphere Prozesse wie die Muskelspannung oder für die Körperwahrnehmung. Somit lassen sich diese Prinzipien auch auf die Behandlung von Immobilität nach Verletzungen oder chronischen Krankheiten sowie pathologische Altersprozesse wie Gebrechlichkeit oder Demenz übertragen. Dabei sind motivationale Aspekte besonders wichtig, die sich durch virtuelle Realität und Spielumgebungen realisieren lassen.

Mit Unterstützung von SFB636 (Psychopathologie), SFB1158 (Thema Schmerz) und einem Reinhart-Koselleck-Projekt der Deutschen Forschungs- gemeinschaft.

SAMSTAG, 17. JUNI 2017, 11:00 – 12:00 Bidirectional effects of early life adversity on stress system regulation – in search for a comprehensive theory Jens Prüssner - Universität Konstanz

Early life adversity (ELA), in the form of low parental care or overprotection, or physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, is consistently linked to poor mental health outcomes in adulthood, including psychosis, depression, and burnout. A generally agreed-upon mediator of these effects is a changed regulation of the stress /energy systems in the organism, namely the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (hpa) axis. Investigated in both human and animal studies, these systems are consistently found dysregulated in organisms exposed to ELA, however the directionality is unclear, with some studies demonstrating heightened activity, while others show blunting of the biomarkers of the system, after exposure to adversity early in life.

Several theories exist that try to explain these mixed effects, considering factors like age of exposure, trauma severity, duration, or type. Importantly, none of the theories can be used to explain all of the available data, suggesting that additional factors / mediators might be at play.

The current talk will summarize the major theories in the field and point out some of the commonalities and differences among them. In addition, it will introduce potential mediators that are currently not incorporated in the theories but that might be important to consider to better understand the ELA / stress response system relationship.

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 3

SYMPOSIEN Brain structural alterations in newborns of mothers exposed to childhood trauma

Buss, Claudia; Moog, Nora; Entringer, Sonja; SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG Rasmussen, Jerod; Styner, Martin; Gilmore, John; 08:30–10:00 Heim, Christine; Wadhwa, Pathik Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland Stress and the brain – effects of type and "Childhood trauma (CT) confers deleterious long-term consequences and growing evidence suggests some of the timing of adversity on brain structure and effects may be transmitted across generations. We sought function to elucidate whether changes in infant brain structure were already visible shortly after birth to address the hypothesis Dennis Golm & Robert Kumsta that such intergenerational effects start in utero. King's College London, IOPPN, Vereinigtes Königreich The prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a Raum: HS 1 population-based sample of 80 mother-child dyads. Maternal CT exposure was assessed using the Childhood "Adverse experiences are a major risk factor for later life Trauma Questionnaire. Structural magnetic resonance psychopathology, especially if they occur during sensitive imaging (MRI) was employed to characterize newborn brain periods of development early in life or during adolescence. anatomy near the time of birth. Those experiences can include, but are not limited to, Maternal CT exposure was associated with lower intracra- sexual or physical abuse, socio-emotional neglect experi- nial volume in their children (F(1,72)=7.05, p=0.01), which enced by institutionalised children or serious life events. was primarily due to a global reduction in cortical gray Various mechanisms have been discussed through which matter (F(1,72)=9.32, p=0.003). The effect was independ- those risk factors lead to later-life problems such as ent of gestational age at birth and postnatal age at MRI abnormalities in brain structure and function. The aim of scan, obstetric complications, maternal socioeconomic this symposium is to explore neurobiological correlates of status, maternal depression during pregnancy and infant various risk factors experienced early in life and during sex. Furthermore, newborn gray matter volume was a adolescence in the context of longitudinal research designs. significant mediator of the pathway linking maternal CT Claudia Buss will present evidence for alterations in brain exposure with infant social-emotional development anatomy in new-borns of mothers who were exposed to (indirect effect ab: -.831, 95% CIBC: -2.11, -.18). childhood maltreatment and discuss potential intrauterine These findings represent the first report to date linking mechanisms that may underlie this intergenerational maternal CT exposure with structural alterations in their transmission. Dennis Golm and Nuria Mackes will present newborn's brains and connecting this association to infant structural and functional brain imaging data from the social-emotional development. These two observations longitudinal English and Romanian Adoptees Study, a study support our hypothesis that the intrauterine period of life of Romanian adoptees who experienced severe institution- may represent a particularly sensitive developmental al deprivation in orphanages under the Ceausescu regime window in terms of the intergenerational transmission of and who are still largely affected by mental health prob- maternal CT-related effects and their potential conse- lems in young adulthood. Finally, Raffael Kalisch will quences." present data from the Mainz Resilience Project that aims to build up a cohort of healthy young volunteers in the transition between adolescence and adulthood. The aim of this project is to explore stress factors and predictors of successful coping and resilience."

4 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

The long term neurobiological impact of early Early institutional deprivation is associated with global institutional deprivation: Imaging brain long-term alterations in brain structure: First structure and function in the English and insights from structural brain imaging in the Romanian Adoptees Study English and Romanian Adoptees Study

Golm, Dennis (1); Mackes, Nuria (2); Sarkar, Sagari Mackes, Nuria (2); Golm, Dennis (1); Sarkar, Sagari (1); Kumsta, Robert (3); Fairchild, Graeme (4); (1); Kumsta, Robert (3); Fairchild, Graeme (4); Mehta, Mitul (1); Sonuga-Barke, Edmund (1) Mehta, Mitul (1); Sonuga-Barke, Edmund (1) 1: King's College London, Vereinigtes Königreich; 2: University of 1: King's College London, Vereinigtes Königreich; 2: University of Southampton, Vereinigtes Königreich; 3: Ruhr Universität Southampton, Vereinigtes Königreich; 3: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland; 4: University of Bath, Vereinigtes Bochum, Deutschland; 4: University of Bath, Vereinigtes Königreich Königreich

"Background: Childhood neglect has been associated with "Background: Early maltreatment can have long-lasting structural and functional brain alterations (Teicher et al., effects on mental health and has been associated with 2016). However, because of methodological limitations it global and widespread alterations in brain structure. In this has been challenging to establish whether such effects are talk, we report preliminary findings from the English and causal in nature. In the current talk we report preliminary Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Brain Imaging Study, which is results from the English and Romanian Adoptees Brain the first study to examine the long-term effects of early Imaging Study to address this limitation. Our participants institutional deprivation on brain structure in young experienced severe deprivation in Romanian orphanages of adulthood. the Ceausescu regime. At the regime‖s fall in 1989, they Methods: This preliminary analysis included 21 UK adopt- were adopted internationally to an above average adoptive ees, who did not experience institutional deprivation, and home. The participants have now been followed up into 70 Romanian adoptees (42% of the original sample). young adulthood. For many of those with longer periods of Additionally, a newly recruited group of 40 healthy non- deprivation problems persisted into young adulthood – adopted controls was included. Structural MRI scans were especially in the domains of ADHD, ASD and disinhibited parcellated and a whole brain analysis examined differ- social behaviour (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2017). ences in cortical volume, surface area and thickness. Methods: The original sample comprised of 165 Romanian Results: Romanian adoptees showed smaller total intra- adoptees and a control group of 52 UK adoptees who have cranial volumes (tICV) in comparison to UK adoptees and been assessed at 4, 6, 11, 15, 23 and 26 years. In the latest healthy controls. Within Romanian adoptees, there was a follow-up we were still able to recruit about 44% of the weak negative correlation between tICV and length of original sample (still running until 31/03/2017). The deprivation. UK adoptees showed no significant difference Romanian adoptees were further divided into a high and a to healthy controls in tICV. In this talk we will present low deprivation group. As part of the assessment partici- preliminary results on group differences in brain morphom- pants underwent a number of functional imaging tasks that etry while controlling for age, gender, IQ and tICV. assessed resting-state, threat detection, emotional and Discussion: Early institutional deprivation is associated with reward processing. global long-term reductions in intracranial volume and is Results: Preliminary functional brain imaging data will be hypothesised to be related to widespread alterations in presented and discussed in the context of current mal- brain morphometry. We will discuss the effects of length of treatment research. Data focusing mainly on one specific deprivation as well as potential unique effects of institu- type of maltreatment is scarce and we will discuss poten- tional deprivation compared to adoption without experi- tial unique effects of type of maltreatment." ence of institutional deprivation. The results will be discussed in context of the behavioural outcomes of the ERA study and current early maltreatment research."

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 5

MARP and LORA: next generation resilience Fragestellungen der kognitiven Emotionsregulation studies beschäftigt. Die Emotionsregulationsforschung hat hohe Relevanz für Kalisch, Raffael (1); Reif, Andreas (1,3); Lieb, Klaus das Verständnis und die Therapie psychischer Erkrankun- (1); Tüscher, Oliver (1); Wessa, Michèle (1,2); gen. Insbesondere spielen kausale Attributionen eine Fiebach, Christian (1,3); Lutz, Beat (1); Kampa, wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung Miriam (1); Schick, Anita (1); Chmitorz, Andrea (1); von Depression. Leonie Löffler betrachtet die neuronalen Grundlagen von Attribution und Re-Attribution bei depres- Sebastian, Alexandra (1); Yuen, Kenneth (1) siven Patienten und Gesunden sowie deren Auswirkung auf 1: Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Deutsches Resilienz-Zentrum, Emotionen. Des Weiteren zeigt Birgit Derntl neuronale, Deutschland; 2: Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, hormonelle und peripher-physiologische Unterschiede Deutschland; 3: Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland zwischen Patienten mit Schizophrenie und Gesunden bei Resilience is the maintenance and/or quick recovery of der Stressregulation auf. Nachdem die funktionelle Neuro- mental health during and after periods of adversity. This anatomie der kognitiven Emotionsregulation in Meta- definition implies that resilience is the end-result of a Analysen umfangreich beschrieben wurde, betrachtet dynamic process of successful adaptation to stressors and Carmen Morawetz individuelle Unterschiede und deren can no longer be understood simply as a stable, fixed Zusammenhang mit behavioralen und neuronalen Korrela- personality trait or predisposition that guarantees long- ten. Jenny Zähringer untersucht Effekte verschiedener term mental health whatever stressor the organism is Strategien auf verschiedene Outcome-Maße in der bislang exposed to. The challenge, then, is to understand the ersten Meta-Analyse von Emotionsregulationsstudien mit complex, interactive and time-varying processes that lead peripher-physiologischen Maßen. to a positive long-term outcome in the face of adversity. Die Beiträge geben Einblick in aktuelle Forschung zu For this purpose, we have designed the ‘Mainz Resilience Grundlagen- und klinischen Aspekten der kognitiven Project’ (MARP), conducted by Deutsches Resilienz- Emotionsregulation und deren physiologische Korrelate. Zentrum (DRZ) Mainz, and the ‘LOngitudinal Resilience Daraus ergeben sich wichtige Implikationen für differentiel- Assessment’ (LORA), conducted by the DFG Collaborative le und psychopathologische Mechanismen." Research Center CRC1193 ‘Neurobiology of resilience’ Der Effekt von Attribution auf die Regulation von (Mainz/Frankfurt). Both are prospective-longitudinal resilience studies with high sampling frequencies and positiven und negativen Emotionen bei repeated multi-modal subject characterization. Basic ideas depressiven Patienten – eine fMRT Studie and designs will be presented. Löffler, Leonie (1); Radke, Sina (1,2); Habel, Ute (1,2,3); Satterthwaite, Ted (4); Schneider, Frank Psychophysiologische, neuronale und (1,2); Derntl, Birgit (1,2,5) 1: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, klinische Aspekte der kognitiven Medizinische Fakultät, RWTH Aachen, Deutschland; 2: JARA - Emotionsregulation BRAIN Institut I, Aachen, Deutschland; 3: Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin (INM-1), Christian Paret & Carmen Morawetz Forschungszentrum Jülich, Deutschland; 4: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Raum: A 9/10 Philadelphia, USA; 5: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland "Fertigkeiten im Umgang mit Emotionen sind maßgeblich für viele Lebensbereiche. Insbesondere die Veränderung "Ein adäquater Umgang mit Emotionen ist fundamental für der emotionalen Reaktion durch kognitive Einflussnahme die psychische Gesundheit. Defizite in der Emotionsregula- auf Bewertungsprozesse zeigt Zusammenhänge mit der tion zeigen sich beispielsweise bei depressiven Patienten Aufrechterhaltung psychischer Gesundheit. Die Erforschung (DP). Da DP dazu neigen negative Ereignisse sich selbst und der psychologischen und biologischen Grundlagen der positive Ereignisse äußeren Umständen zuzuschreiben, Emotionsregulation erfährt großes Interesse und hat in stellt eine Veränderung dieses dysfunktionalen Attributi- jüngster Vergangenheit wichtige neue Erkenntnisse onsstils eine vielversprechende Regulationsstrategie dar. erbracht. In vier Beiträgen stellen wir Forschung vor, die In dieser fMRT-Studie wird deshalb untersucht, wie sich sich mit klinischen, differentiellen und strategiebezogenen kausale Attribution (intern vs. extern) von positiven und negativen Ereignissen auf emotionales Erleben in DP und

6 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

gesunden Kontrollpersonen (HC) auswirken. Die Teilnehmer Kortisolkonzentration und der Hautleitwert als Marker der sollen hinsichtlich Bildern von traurigen und freudigen autonomen Stressreaktion abgeleitet. Gesichtern a) ihre natürliche Reaktion angeben (‚Betrach- Subjektive Stressratings (n=44) bestätigen, dass in beiden ten‘) oder sich vorstellen, die Person auf dem Bild sei eine Gruppen sowohl in der Regulations- als auch der Nicht- nahestehende Person und sei traurig/freudig b) ihretwegen Regulationsbedingung Stress ausgelöst wurde – interes- (‚interne Attribution‘) oder c) weil etwas anderes gesche- santerweise gaben aber nur Kontrollen (n=22) einen hen ist (‚externe Attribution‘). signifikant erhöhten negativen Affekt nach Regulation (im Subjektive Emotionsratings (n=52) bestätigen, dass die Vergleich zu Nicht-Regulation) angegeben. Hormonell ließ externe im Vergleich zur internen Attribution effektiv Trauer sich nur in der Kontrollgruppe ein Anstieg des Kortisolspie- und Freude reguliert. Funktionelle Datenanalysen zeigen gels nachweisen, während eine Analyse des Hautleitwerts emotions- und gruppenspezifische Aktivierungen innerhalb einen Anstieg in der Stressbedingung in beiden Gruppen des Emotionsregulationsnetzwerks sowie in temporo- aufzeigte. Funktionelle Datenanalysen weisen sowohl in okzipitalen Strukturen und dem Precuneus. Die Herabregu- der Regulations- als auch der Nicht-Regulationsbedingung lierung (externe>interne Attribution) von Trauer aktiviert auf eine erhöhte Aktivität in einem weitverbreiteten ausschließlich in DP (n=26) den Gyrus frontalis superior. neuronalen Netzwerk in der Patientengruppe, z.B. in der Diese Aktivierung korreliert positive mit dem Schweregrad bilateralen Insula, posterior cingulärer Cortex/Precuneus, der depressiven Symptomatik. Die Heraufregulierung von bilateraler Thalamus und auch in präfrontalen Arealen. Freude (interne>externe Attribution) hingegen, aktiviert nur Zusammenfassend unterstreichen unsere Daten bisherige in HC (n=26) den Gyrus parahippocampalis. Gruppenver- Befunde zur dysfunktionalen Stressreaktion schizophrener gleiche verweisen zudem auf eine erhöhte Aktivität im Patienten, wobei die Frage ungeklärt bleibt, ob die berichte- Gyrus fusiformis in DP im Vergleich zu HC, was eine te neuronale Hyperaktivität Ausdruck eines Deaktivie- stärkere emotionale Reaktivität der DP auf emotionale rungsproblems oder eines Kompensationsmechanismus Gesichter nahelegt. ist. Hier sollen weiterführende Analysen Aufschluss bieten, Diese Befunde unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, die die auch im Rahmen des Beitrags diskutiert werden." Regulation von sowohl negativen als auch positiven Emotionen zu untersuchen. Als besonders wirkungsvolle Die neuronalen Grundlagen von Regulationsstrategie erweist sich eine Veränderung Emotionsregulation in Zusammenhang mit kausaler Attributionen." individuellen Unterschieden im Emotionsregulationserfolg Behaviorale, psychophysiologische und neuronale Korrelate der kognitiven Regulation von Stress in Morawetz, Carmen schizophrenen Patienten Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland

Derntl, Birgit (1); Schneider, Frank (2); Gur, Ruben Die kognitive Kontrolle von Emotionen d.h. das flexible (3); Kogler, Lydia (1) Antworten auf affektive Stimuli spielt eine wichtige Rolle in unserem täglichen sozialen Leben und trägt maßgeblich zu 1: Universität Tübingen, Deutschland; 2: RWTH Aachen, unserer mentalen und körperlichen Gesundheit bei. Deutschland; 3: University of Pennsylvania, USA Emotionsregulation beinhaltet alle extrinsischen und "Stress und ein wenig adäquater Umgang damit wird intrinsischen Kontrollprozesse, bei denen Individuen das immer wieder mit dem Ausbruch als auch der Aufrechter- Auftreten, die Intensität und die Dauer von emotionalen haltung schizophrener Symptomatik in Zusammenhang Reaktionen beobachten, bewerten und modifizieren. Die gebracht. Während einige Studien, auch mit bildgebenden Verarbeitung emotionaler Reize und die Kontrolle emotio- Verfahren, hier dysfunktionale (neuronale) Reaktionen naler Reaktionen können sehr stark zwischen den Individu- aufzeigen konnten, sind bislang noch keine Daten zur en variieren. Diese individuellen Unterschiede können einen kognitiven Regulation während Stress in dieser klinischen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, die neuronalen Grundla- Gruppe gesammelt worden. gen von Emotionsverarbeitung und Emotionsregulation In dieser fMRT-Studie wurde deshalb untersucht, wie sich besser zu verstehen und erklären. Allerdings integrieren die kognitive Regulation negativer Empfindungen während bisher nur wenige Studien individuelle Unterschiede in die einer Stressinduktion bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie und Analyse ihrer Daten. Daher sind einige essentielle Fragen gesunden Kontrollen auswirkt. Die Teilnehmer durchliefen hinsichtlich der Modulation der neuronalen Grundlagen von dabei zweimal den Montreal Imaging Stress Task, einmal Emotionsregulation durch individuelle Unterschiede bislang mit bzw. einmal ohne Instruktion zur kognitiven Regulation. unbeantwortet geblieben: 1) Auf welchen neuronalen Darüber hinaus wurden Speichelproben zur Analyse der Netzwerken basiert Emotionsregulation und wie werden

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 7

diese Netzwerke durch individuelle Unterschiede im 687, 8 Studien). Die Richtung der Hautleitfähigkeit ist Emotionsregulationserfolg moduliert? 2) Wie hängen zwischen den Studien wenig konsistent, wohingegen der Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, neuronale Aktivität während Schreckreflex stets die gleiche Richtung aufweist. Er Emotionsregulation und Emotionsregulationserfolg scheint damit das robusteste der drei untersuchten Maße zusammen? 3) In welchen Hirnregionen sind die unter- zu sein. Die Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass sich Emoti- schiedlichen Ziele der Emotionsregulationsstrategien onsregulationsprozesse je nach Studiendesign durch repräsentiert und werden diese durch individuelle Unter- psychophysiologische Maße unterschiedlich gut abbilden schiede moduliert? In einer Serie von fMRT- Experimenten lassen und liefern damit wichtige Informationen für die haben wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeit Konzeption zukünftiger psychophysiologischer Untersu- und Temperament, behavioralem Emotionsregulationser- chungen. folg und den neuronalen Grundlagen von Emotionsregulati- on untersucht. Dadurch wird ein expliziter Link zwischen individuellen Unterschieden und den zugrunde liegenden Neurobiology of social behavior neurobiologischen Systemen hergestellt. Frank Krueger & Daniela Mier Psychophysiologische Effekte expliziter Universität Mannheim, Deutschland Emotionsregulationsstrategien: Eine Meta- Raum: A 8

Analyse While the ultimate goal of social neuroscience is to investi- Zähringer, Jenny; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine; gate how the presence of others influences our thoughts, feelings and decisions, scientists are facing the challenge Schmahl, Christian; Paret, Christian that most investigations rely on single subject designs. Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Universität Therefore, if we want to learn what shapes not only our Heidelberg, Deutschland social perception, but also our social interactions, we need Psychophysiologische Maße bieten die Möglichkeit zur to go beyond the classical experimental paradigms. In this objektiven Messung von Regulationsprozessen. Aufgrund symposium, we present different experimental approaches der starken Heterogenität bezüglich Design und Auswer- —ranging from animal studies to human interactions— tung psychophysiologischer Studien ist die Datenlage that capture a vast variety of biological markers shaping jedoch sehr unübersichtlich. In der vorliegenden Meta- our social behaviors. Tobias Kalenscher (Düsseldorf) Analyse wurden psychophysiologische Studien zur Emoti- presents lesion and psychopharmacological evidence onsregulation anhand einer systematischen Literatur- arguing for an inequality aversion in rats, which have been recherche identifiziert. Effekte der Hautleitfähigkeit, previously only shown in humans and non-human pri- Herzfrequenz und des furchtpotenzierten Schreckreflexes mates. Daniela Mier (Mannheim) demonstrates the effect während der Neubewertung und der Unterdrückung des of social exclusion on emotional reactivity and regulation Gesichtsausdruckes wurden im Vergleich zur entsprechen- employing psychophysiological measures (heart rate, den Kontrollbedingung bei gesunden Erwachsenen galvanic skin response). Bernd Weber (Bonn) argues for analysiert. Dabei wurden die Analysen mittels Random- individual differences in third-party punishment behavior Effects Modellen getrennt für Studien mit Innersubjekt- based on neuroendocrine (oxytocin), functional neuroimag- Design und Zwischensubjekt-Design berechnet. Die ing, and eye-tracking evidence. Frank Krueger (Mannheim) Ergebnisse der Innersubjekt-Designs zeigen, dass Proban- reports a coordinate-based meta-analysis on fMRI studies den während dem Regulieren eine signifikant niedrigere of economic games that reveal a particular role of the Amplitude des Schreckreflexes haben (N = 198, 7 Studien). dorsal and ventral anterior insula in social norm compliance Weiterhin zeigen Probanden eine signifikant niedrigere and enforcement, respectively. Gabriela Stoessel (Mann- Herzfrequenz wenn sie neubewerten (N = 168, 7 Studien) heim) completes the symposium by demonstrating the oder unterdrücken (N = 363, 5 Studien). Hingegen zeigt sich unique and immediate synchronization of brains in love in der Hautleitfähigkeit kein signifikanter Unterschied zur measured with fMRI hyperscanning during real interactions Kontrollbedingung, wenn Probanden neubewerten (N = in couples making complements to each other. Knowing 437, 15 Studien) oder unterdrücken (N = 450, 7 Studien). more about the neurobiology of social behaviors helps Die Ergebnisse der Zwischensubjekt-Designs zeigen, dass stimulating the theoretical debate and provides practical Probanden, die Emotionen unterdrücken, eine signifikant implications for improving social interactions, not only in höhere Hautleitfähigkeit haben (N = 932, 10 Studien), als clinical populations but also in daily life. Probanden, die nicht regulieren. Kein Unterschied zeigt sich zwischen den Gruppen bezüglich der Herzfrequenz (N =

8 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Psychoneuropharmacological basis of inequity were either in- or excluded during both sessions. SE in aversion in rats comparison to social inclusion participants reported a stronger effect on their own emotion by positive emotional Schönfeld, Lisa-Maria; Schäble, Sandra; van scenes, but a weaker effect by negative emotional scenes. Wingerden, Marijn; Kalenscher, Tobias Regarding emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal was effective to reduce negative and to enhance positive Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland emotions in both groups. Preliminary analyses of electro- Inequity aversion is a behavioral, motivational and emo- dermal response showed no significant differences tional response to an unfair reward distribution, given equal between groups. The results suggest reduced reactivity to efforts to obtain rewards. Disadvantageous inequity negative emotions and increased reactivity to positive aversion can be caused by a reward distribution that leaves emotions after SE, along with intact emotion regulation the decision-maker worse off than a partner, advantageous abilities. These findings support theories proposing inequity aversion can result from a reward distribution in automatic emotion regulation after SE to mitigate its which the decision-maker is better off than a partner. Both negative effects. types of inequity aversion have been shown in humans and non-human primates, but it remains elusive if they evolved Individual differences in third-party punishment earlier in the phylogenetic history. In my talk, I will provide behavior evidence that rats show disadvantageous and advanta- geous inequity aversion. I will argue that the rats‖ social Weber, Bernd preferences are the consequence of social reinforcement Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland learning in which acoustic social signals emitted by the two Social norms are important for human societies. Norm interacting rats orchestrate their preferences for equal violations (e.g. unfair transgression) are often met with reward outcomes. I will present lesion and psychopharma- punishment even by people that are not directly affected. cological data highlighting the importance of basolateral However, punishing the offender is not the only possible amygdala, and serotonine action in amygdala, in developing option for a bystander. Driven by empathic concerns, they mutual reward preferences – the presumed motive may also give a helping hand to the victim. In a series of underlying advantageous inequity aversion. studies, we investigated individual differences in altruistic The effect of social exclusion on emotional behavior, the effect of attention and of the peptide oxyto- cine. In an fMRI study, participants voluntarily decided if reactivity and regulation they wanted to punish the first-party offender or help the Mier, Daniela; Schmidt, Stephanie; Best, Eva; second-party victim using their own monetary endowment. Fenske, Sabrina; Erkic, Maja; Kirsch, Peter Before deciding, participants were instructed to focus on Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische the (un)fairness of the offender proposing the offer, the Gesundheit Mannheim, Deutschland feeling of the victim receiving this offer, or without any specific focus. We found that participants punished more Social exclusion (SE) has devastating effects on emotional frequently in the offender condition, whereas they helped and cognitive processing. It results in activation in the pain more frequently in victim blocks. These findings were matrix of the brain, reduced cognitive flexibility, less accompanied by an increased activation in the temporo- prosocial behavior and emotional numbness. Regarding parietal junction. In follow-up eye-tracking study we autonomic response, studies are heterogeneous reporting present direct evidence that the influence of empathic acceleration or deceleration of heart rate and revealed no concern on behavior is conveyed via attentional processes. effects on skin conductance response. The present study The results show that the bystander‖s decision to intervene aimed at investigating how SE influences the reaction to and the respective attention distribution leading up to the and regulation of emotions. We applied a newly invented choice systematically varied with the person‖s level of SE game that combines the classical Cyberball game with a empathic concern. In a third study, we focus on the effect social exchange game. Rounds of the SE game were of oxytocine on altruistic behavior. Our findings indicate followed by emotion induction via emotional picture scenes that oxytocine enhances prosocial-relevant perception by and subsequent emotion regulation. In parallel, electroder- increasing theory-of-mind related neural activation. We mal activity as well as heart rate were measured. 48 discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our healthy participants (29 females) were included in the results. study. Participants completed two sessions, one with positive scenes and one with negative scenes. Participants

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 9

The role of the anterior insula in social norm Brains in love: An fMRI hyperscanning study compliance and enforcement: a coordinate-based Stößel, Gabriela (1); Bilek, Edda (1); Eckstein, meta-analysis Monika (2); Gerchen, Martin F (1); Ditzen, Beate (2); Bellucci, Gabriele (1); Feng, Chunliang (2); Eickhoff, Kirsch, Peter (1) Simon B (3); Krueger, Frank (4) 1: Abteilung Klinische Psychologoie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische 1: Universität zu Lübeck, Deutschland; 2: Beijing Normal Gesundheit Mannheim, Deutschland; 2: Instituts für Universität, China; 3: Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medizinische Psychologie, UniversitätsKlinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland; 4: Universität Mannheim, Deutschland Deutschland

Social norm behaviors can be reliably measured with Love is probably the most fascinating feeling that a person economic games: trust game (TG: reciprocity) and ultima- ever experiences. However, only little is known about what tum game (UG: fairness). Previous neuroimaging evidence is happening in the brains when two individuals being in has highlighted the role of the anterior insula (AI) in love interact with each other. Previous neurophysiological behaviors for social norm compliance and enforcement. studies were restricted to showing pictures of beloved. To However, it remains elusive whether sub-regions of AI get a deeper inside into loving brains in nearly naturalistic represent higher-order cognitive and affective processes situation, we scanned both heterosexual partners in particularly related to expectations of norm compliance and identical and synchronized MRI scanners while they sent inequality aversion motivating norm enforcement. We compliments to each other and stayed in visual touch via hypothesized that dorsal AI (dAI) is associated with video. This allowed simultaneous view of the functional expectations of social norm compliance and ventral AI (vAI) processes of human brains engaged in a real romantic with inequality aversion for social norm enforcement. We interaction. Each of 54 participants chose and sent 15 conducted a comparative coordinate-based meta-analysis compliments to her/his partner. The compliments had been (activation likelihood estimation) on fMRI studies of written down and kept secret prior to the scanning session. economic games (TG, UG) and performed task-based Data were analyzed with functional connectivity and meta-analytic connectivity mapping (MACM) and task-free psychophysiological interaction methodology using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses to multiple seeds, comprising regions associated with social investigate separate AI functions associated with social cognition (posterior superior temporal gyrus) and affective norm compliance and enforcement. Our results showed functions (amygdala, anterior insular cortex). To assure that that right dAI and vAI were the only consistently common our results were unique for real pairs, we performed activated brain regions across economic games and both randomization tests. Functional connectivity analysis regions were part of two functionally distinguishable revealed a covariation of the social brains during the task connectivity networks as revealed by our MACM and RSFC completion. There was no observable delay between the analyses. We propose that dAI probably signals monitoring partners, as shown in the cross-correlation analysis. The processes in response to forward-looking (uncertainty) and randomization tests confirmed the unique character of the backward-looking (sensitivity) expectancy of social norm covariation for real couples. Psychophysiological interaction compliance; whereas the vAI, aversive feelings in response analysis showed significantly stronger synchronization to advantageous (guilt) and disadvantageous (anger) between partners' anterior insulas when the compliments inequality aversion motivating norm enforcement. Our were presented than during the waiting phase. We demon- meta-analysis results represent a step forward towards a strated that during real interaction of brains being in love, better characterization of the role of the right AI in social social brain regions are uniquely and immediately synchro- norm compliance and enforcement, which could help to nized. characterize impairment and intervention for different clinical populations in the future.

10 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Oxytocin moduliert den Blickfokus bei SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG bindungsrelevanten Stimuli.

11:30-13:00 Eckstein, Monika (1); Bamert, Vera (2); Ehlert, Ulrike (2); Ditzen, Beate (1) Oxytocin und das soziale Gehirn 1: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland; 2: Universität Zürich Katja Bertsch & Sina Radke Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland In den letzten Jahren ist das Neuropeptid Oxytocin ist vor Raum: HS 1 allem für seinen Einfluss auf Sozialverhalten und Bindung bekannt geworden. Die Entdeckung am Modelltier, der Ein Großteil unseres Lebens findet in Interaktion mit monogamen Prärie-Wühlmaus deutet darauf hin, dass anderen Menschen statt. Daher besteht erhebliches Oxytocin beides begünstigt: die monogame Bindung an den Interesse an einem besseren Verständnis neurobiologi- Gefährten als auch Paarung und Reproduktion. Während scher Korrelate sozialer Kognitionen und Interaktionen, diese beiden Aspekte der sozialen Annährung an einen welche auch als ‚das soziale Gehirn‘ bezeichnet werden. Im gegengeschlechtlichen Artgenossen bei Tieren jedoch nicht letzten Jahrzehnt spielen dabei Untersuchungen zu den klar getrennt sind, lässt sich beim Menschen durchaus Wirkmechanismen des Neuropeptids Oxytocin eine unterscheiden, ob die soziale Annährung an eine gegenge- bedeutsame Rolle. Speziesübergreifend konnte ein schlechtliche Person sexuell oder romantisch motiviert ist. Zusammenhang zwischen Oxytocin und zwischenmensch- In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher differentiell licher Bindung gezeigt werden. Darüber hinaus deuten getestet, welche Aspekte der Bindung während der Ergebnisse unterschiedlicher Studien auf eine Modulation wiederholten basalen Wahrnehmung durch Oxytocin der Verarbeitung salienter sozialer Reize sowie eine beeinflusst werden. In einer Crossover Within-Subject Eye- Reduktion von Angst und Stress durch Oxytocin hin. In den Tracking Studie wurden 82 Probanden (41 Frauen, 41 vier Vorträgen dieses Symposiums werden neue Befunde Männer, Alter M ± SD = 25.93 ± 5.06) visuelle Stimuli von aus placebo-kontrollierten Studien präsentiert, in denen die erwachsenden Paaren im sexuellen und nicht-sexuellen Effekte von Oxytocin auf unterschiedliche Komponenten Kontext, von Eltern-Kind-Dyaden und von nicht-sozialen sozialer Kognitionen und Interaktion mit unterschiedlichen Inhalten präsentiert, nachdem doppelblind 24IU intranasa- behavioralen und neurobiologischen Maßen bei gesunden les Oxytocin oder Placebo eingenommen wurde. Mehrebe- und sozial ängstlichen Personen erfasst wurden. Zunächst nen Analysen ergaben, dass sowohl die unspezifische präsentiert Monika Eckstein in ihrem Vortrag Veränderun- autonome Reaktion erfasst mittels der Pupillenweite als gen in Blickbewegungsreaktionen auf bindungsrelevante auch der Blickfokus hin zu den Augen- und Gesichts- Reize durch Oxytocin. Im Anschluss daran wird Sina Radke Partien der dargestellten Personen unter Oxytocin ver- eine EEG-Studie vorstellen, in welcher elektrophysiologi- stärkt wurde für alle sozialen Stimuli, insbesondere beim sche Korrelate der sozialen und non-sozialen Fehlerverar- initialen Kontakt zum ersten Messzeitpunkt. Interaktionen beitung unter Oxytocin untersucht wurde. Danach berichtet mit Geschlecht oder Zyklusphase der Probandinnen wurden Katja Bertsch über Effekte von Oxytocin auf soziales Lernen nicht signifikant. Somit scheint Oxytocin auch beim und Annäherungs- und Vermeidungsverhalten bei sozial Menschen basale soziale Wahrnehmungsprozesse zu hoch ängstlichen Männern und Frauen. Abschließend wird beeinflussen, und zwar sowohl im Kontext der sozialen Wolf-Gero Lange Einflüsse von Oxytocin auf soziales Bindung als auch im Kontext von Reproduktion. Annäherungsverhalten in einer virtuellen Realität bei sozial phobischen Patienten darlegen. Neben einer Vielzahl Der Einfluss von Oxytocin auf unterschiedlicher psychologischer und neurobiologischer elektrophysiologische Korrelate der Methoden werden in allen Vorträgen mögliche klinische Fehlerverarbeitung Anwendungen ebenso wie offene methodische und inhaltliche Fragen der aktuellen Oxytocinforschung disku- Radke, Sina (1); Ruissen, Margit (2); de Bruijn, Ellen tiert. (2) 1: Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland; 2: Leiden University, Niederlande

Im Alltag haben Fehler oftmals nicht nur Konsequenzen für uns selbst, sondern auch für andere Personen. Studien mittels Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) deuten darauf hin,

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 11

dass bestimmte Gefühls- und Motivationslagen die Reize und zeigten keine klare Vermeidungstendenz. Die subjektive Relevanz von Fehlern erhöhen und damit auch Effekte von Oxytocin fielen abhängig vom Geschlecht und die Amplitude der error-related negativity (ERN), einer der sozialen Ängstlichkeit aus und führten zu Reduktion der fehlerbezogenen EEG-Komponente. Wir gehen davon aus, Hyperreagibilität bei den hoch ängstlichen Personen. dass eine erhöhte Relevanz von Fehlern insbesondere in Neuronal war dies Veränderungen in präfrontalen und sozialen Situationen gegeben ist und haben untersucht, amygdalären Aktivierungen unter Oxytocin verbunden. Die inwiefern die ERN bei diesen ‗sozialen Fehlern― durch die Spezifität der Effekte für soziale Angst sowie ein möglicher Gabe von 24 IU Oxytocin beeinflusst werden kann. Hierzu klinischer Nutzen von Oxytocin, wie zum Beispiel zur führten 24 gesunde Probanden (12 Dyaden) in einem Verbesserung des Aufbaus einer therapeutischen Bezie- placebo-kontrollierten crossover Design eine standardisier- hung, für Patienten mit sozialer Phobie werden diskutiert. te Flanker-Aufgabe durch, bei der Fehler entweder nur Konsequenzen für den Verursacher oder auch für den Virtually Anxious: Oxytocin, Soziale Phobie und Interaktionspartner hatten. Da sich die Effekte des Neu- zwischenmenschlicher Abstand ropeptids Oxytocin vor allem in sozialen Kontexten zeigen, Lange, Wolf-Gero (1); Becker, Eni S. (1); Roelofs, wird erwartet, dass Oxytocin die (neuronale) Verarbeitung von ‗sozialen Fehlern― intensiviert. Karin (1); Heinrichs, Markus (2) 1: Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Niederlande; Oxytocin normalisiert soziales Lernen und 2: Dept. Biologische und Differentielle Psychologie, Albert- Annäherungs- und Vermeidungsverhalten bei Ludwigs-University, Freiburg sozial hoch ängstlichen Männern und Frauen Einleitung: In sozialen Interaktionen können eine Vielzahl Bertsch, Katja (1); Volman, Inge (2); Bühlau, Kon- von subtilen Verhaltensweisen zu positiven oder auch negative Bewertungen durch andere führen. So spiegelt stantin (1); Herpertz, Sabine (1); Müller, Laura (1) interpersönlicher Abstand z.B. die emotionale Nähe zweier 1: Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland; 2: UCL Institute of Personen wieder, oder auch ob sie sich vertrauen oder Neurology, London, United Kingdom sympathisch finden. In der Sozialen Angststörung (SAS) Furcht vor und Vermeidung von sozialen Reizen gelten als steht die Angst vor negativer Bewertung gegenseitigem Hauptmerkmale sozialer Angst. Eine erhöhte Furchtkondi- Vertrauen und dem Knüpfen von engen Beziehungen oft im tionierung scheint an der Entstehung sozialer Angst Weg. Neben kognitiven Verzerrungen als aufrechterhalten- beteiligt sein während erhöhtes Vermeidungs- und de und kausale Faktoren, weisen stets mehr Forschungser- Sicherheitsverhalten zu deren Aufrechterhaltung und gebnisse daraufhin, dass Bewertungsängstlichkeit auch mit Generalisierung beiträgt. Das Neuropeptid Oxytocin abweichendem subtilem Verhalten, wie z.B. einem langsa- beeinflusst psychologische und biologische Mechanismen, meren Annähern von anderen und einem größeren die entscheidend für Ätiologie und Erhalt sozialer Angst interpersönlichen Abstand einhergeht. Da solches Verhal- sind. So reduziert eine einmalige intranasale Verabreichung ten zu einer tatsächlichen negativen Bewertung beitragen von Oxytocin die amygdaläre Reaktivität für aversive kann, das Neuropeptid Oxytocin (OXT) aber soziale Ängst- soziale Reize bei gesunden Männern und verstärkt die lichkeit (SÄ) reduzieren, und Affiliation und Vertrauen attentionale Fokussierung positiver Gesichtsausdrücke. In verstärken soll, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie unter- einer randomisierten, placebo-kontrollierten funktionellen sucht inwieweit OXT interpersönlichen Abstand und Magnetresonanztomographie Studie wurden behaviorale Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit bei Menschen mit unter- und neurofunktionelle Effekte von Oxytocin (24 I.E., schiedlicher SÄ beeinflusst. Methode: In einer Placebo- intranasal) auf soziale Lernprozesse sowie Annäherungs- kontrollierten Cross-over within-subject Studie wurden und Vermeidungsverhalten in zwei Experimenten bei N=80 insgesamt 52 weibliche Probandinnen mit verschiedenen sozial hoch ängstlichen Männern und Frauen und N=80 Ausprägungen von SÄ untersucht. In einer immersiven wenig ängstlichen Männern und Frauen untersucht. In der Virtual Reality Umgebung, mussten sich die Probandinnen sozialen Lernaufgabe zeigten sozial hoch ängstlich Perso- weiblichen und männlichen Avataren nähern und diese nen ein höheres Arousal für negativ konditionierte Reize, umrunden. Hierbei wurden Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit während wenig ängstliche Personen ein höheres Arousal und Abstand zu den Avataren gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die für positiv konditionierte Reize hatten. Oxytocin kehrte Datenerhebung wurde kürzlich erst beendet und erste diesen Effekt um. Neuronal war dies mit Veränderungen in Ergebnisse werden präsentiert. Vorläufige Analysen deuten Teilen des Belohnungsnetzwerks assoziiert. In der Annähe- darauf hin, dass OXT zwar das subjektive Angstempfinden rungs- und Vermeidungsaufgabe reagierten sozial hoch zu reduzieren scheint, aber keinen Einfluss auf das Annähe- ängstliche Personen hyperreagibel auf sozial bedrohliche rungsverhalten hat. Schlussfolgerung: Sollte OXT tatsäch-

12 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

lich als Behandlungsergänzung bei z.B. SAS in Erwägung Transcranial brain stimulation to study the function gezogen werden, so ist es unablässig zunächst systema- of neuronal oscillations tisch zu untersuchen welche Aspekte OXT genau beein- flusst und ob diese Veränderungen langfristige therapeuti- Bergmann, Til Ole sche Effekte haben. Universität Tübingen, Deutschland

Neuronal oscillations are a ubiquitous feature of brain Transcranial brain stimulation in activity, observed across species, neuronal structures, and behavioral states. They are believed to rhythmically psychology: from neural mechanisms to organize neural activity across multiple temporal and cognitive function spatial scales, orchestrate local information processing and communication between brain structures, and thus provide Gesa Hartwigsen & Til Ole Bergmann the basis for plethora of cognitive functions. Electro- and MPI Leipzig, Deutschland magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) serve well to non- Raum: A 9/10 invasively study neuronal oscillations in humans, but the obtained information is of correlative nature. Direct In recent years, non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation manipulation of neural activity is required to reveal the techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) causal contribution of neuronal oscillations to cognition. and transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial (TDCS/TACS) have complemented correlative electrophys- current stimulation (TCS) can be combined with EEG and iological and neuroimaging approaches to study causal MEG, either concurrently (online) or consecutively (offline), structure-function relationships in the human brain. These to non-invasively manipulate and measure neuronal techniques allow to characterize, perturb, and modulate the oscillations in the human brain. Online approaches, specific neuronal processes mediating distinct cognitive assessing the immediate neural response to stimulation, functions and are thus a valuable tool in biological psychol- can be used to (i) quantify neuronal network properties ogy. Our symposium will introduce available experimental such as excitation, inhibition, or connectivity in a phase and approaches and highlight examples ranging from basic amplitude specific manner, (ii) interfere with ongoing neurophysiological research to the investigation of complex spontaneous or task-related oscillatory activity, or (iii) cognitive functions. A particular focus will be on the modulate the level and timing of neuronal oscillations. In multimodal combination of non-invasive transcranial brain contrast, offline approaches can be utilized to either (iv) stimulation with electrophysiological and neuroimaging inhibit or (v) facilitate local neuronal excitability via the techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG), induction of synaptic plasticity, assessing its subsequent magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic effects on neuronal oscillations. I will introduce different resonance imaging (fMRI). Til Ole Bergmann will introduce experimental approaches and illustrate them by concrete the different approaches and demonstrate how to combine examples of my own research. I will also introduce the idea TMS with EEG and MEG to study the function of neuronal of brain state-dependent brain stimulation, which allows to oscillations. Christoph Herrmann will show how TACS, trigger TMS/TCS in realtime, targeting specific oscillatory combined with EEG and MEG, can be used to entrain states to study their role in information processing and neuronal oscillations and unravel their causal role in synaptic plasticity. perception. Daria Antonenko will provide novel evidence for TDCS-induced modulation of associative learning and On- and offline effects of tACS on spontaneous memory processes as well as neuronal alterations in the and event-related oscillations aging brain, combining TDCS with fMRI. Gesa Hartwigsen will focus on the causal contribution of different networks Herrmann, Christoph; Kasten, Florian for language comprehension in the healthy and lesioned Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von brain and provide new insight into the short-term reorgani- Ossietzky University Oldenburg zation in large-scale language networks by combining TMS Neuronal oscillations have been linked to a variety of with fMRI. We envisage controversial and fruitful discus- cognitive functions, behaviors and perception. Likewise, sion and hope to promote the application of transcranial dysfunctional oscillatory activity is implicated in many brain stimulation in psychological research. pathological mental states. Traditionally, these relation- ships have been investigated using correlational neuroim- aging approaches such as Magneto- or Electroencephalog- raphy (MEG/EEG) or invasive recordings. In recent years,

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 13

transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has are important to increase our understanding of age-related revealed as a powerful tool to non-invasively interfere with brain plasticity and connectivity alterations, as this is the endogenous brain oscillations. By applying weak oscillatory age group in which we most hope to see effects. currents through the scalp, it is capable to entrain neural oscillations, allowing to directly study causal relationships Rapid short-term reorganization in the healthy and between different oscillatory components like frequency, lesioned language network - evidence from TMS & phase or amplitude and cognition, perception or behavior. functional neuroimaging In contrast to other approaches such as repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), tACS offers high Hartwigsen, Gesa control over waveform parameters (shape, frequency, MPI Leipzig, Deutschland phase, amplitude) and can be applied below participants‖ Language is the elementary mental capability that humans sensation threshold allowing for better sham control and use to communicate. I will demonstrate how multimodal higher comfort during experimentation. However, so far combinations of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) both on- and offline effects of tACS are poorly described and functional neuroimaging or electrophysiological and understood. We will present recent data from our measures can be used to characterize interactions, group characterizing the outlasting effects of tACS on adaptive plasticity and effective connectivity in the lan- spontaneous alpha oscillations during resting state and on guage network. The first part of my talk focuses on the use event-related oscillatory activity during the performance of of TMS during a language task to elucidate the causal more complex cognitive tasks in the EEG. Furthermore, we contribution of a given area to a specific language function will show how the induced changes on the physiological and the interaction of different regions during a task. I will level relate to changes in cognitive task performance. also provide first evidence from simultaneous TMS-EEG Finally, we will show how concurrent MEG and tACS can be that TMS can affect electrophysiological components of used to unveil online effects of the stimulation on event- specific language functions. The second part of my talk is related oscillatory dynamics during task execution. related to the combination of plasticity-inducing TMS TDCS-induced modulation of associative learning before a task and subsequent functional neuroimaging to shed light on adaptive short-term plasticity during lan- and functional connectivity in older adults guage processing. I will show that a TMS-induced pertur- Antonenko, Daria bation might suppress task-related activity not only in the Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, stimulated area, but in a large task-specific language Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin network. Moreover, TMS can also modulate task-specific effective connectivity within this network. I will discuss how Strategies of cognitive enhancement, in particular for older the upregulation of neighboring regions after a TMS- adults, are of great scientific and public interest. Especially induced perturbation of a key language region can contrib- the concurrent application of non-invasive transcranial ute to a better understanding of short-term reorganization brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current and plasticity in the healthy language network. Finally, I will stimulation (TDCS), together with cognitive task perfor- present novel TMS-fMRI data on the investigation of mance has been suggested as promising means to adaptive plasticity in the reorganized language network in enhance the function under study with the potential to patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia. These data even produce long-term transfer effects. However, studies show that the lesioned language network has an increased of both, behavioral and neurophysiological TDCS-induced sensitivity to the TMS-induced perturbation effect. effects in older adults are scarce and findings are hetero- geneous, possibly due to the inter-individual variability in TDCS-responsiveness and age-dependency of the effects. Here, I will introduce this topic, providing evidence for age- associated variability in TDCS-effects on functional connectivity. I will show recent data from our group, exploring the TDCS-induced augmentation of associative learning and episodic memory processes in older adults and functional network effects as assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging that are associated with this augmentation. I will discuss that detailed neuro- physiological and behavioral studies in the older population

14 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Dosis- und latenzabhängige Modulation der SYMPOSIEN DONNERSTAG Amygdalaaktivierung durch intranasales Oxytocin

16:00-17:30 Spengler, Franny

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Oxytocin und menschliches Verhalten: Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland Soziale, psychomotorische und neuronale "Die Amygdala ist von zentraler Bedeutung für soziale Mechanismen Wahrnehmung und Emotionsverarbeitung, sowie für die Markus Heinrichs & Gregor Domes Detektion von Bedrohungssignalen. Bei verschiedenen Raum: HS 1 psychischen Erkrankungen findet sich eine Hyperreaktion der Amygdala auf soziale Stimuli. Aktuelle Forschungser- Oxytocin und menschliches Verhalten: Soziale, psychomo- gebnisse aus Studien mit Makaken und Menschen zeigen, torische und neuronale Mechanismen dass intranasal verabreichtes Oxytocin (OXT) die Amygda- Heinrichs, Markus laantwort auf ängstliche Gesichter reduziert. Diese Befunde Universität Freiburg, Deutschland legen ein anxiolytisches Potenzial von OXT bei Patienten mit erhöhter Amygdalareagibilität nahe. Vor der Translation "Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen spielen für den bisheriger OXT-Effekte in die klinische Praxis bedarf es Menschen eine zentrale Rolle. Defizite in der Beziehungs- jedoch systematischer Studien zur Pharmakokinetik der fähigkeit gehen häufig mit tiefgreifenden Störungen einher, zentralen Effekte des Neuropeptids. welche in der Regel schwierig behandelbar sind. Zur Ermittlung der optimalen Dosis und Latenz der OXT- Das Neuropeptid Oxytocin ist bei Säugetieren über die Gabe untersuchten wir 116 gesunde Männer in einer etablierte Rolle für Geburt und Stillen hinaus entscheidend randomisierten, doppelblinden, placebokontrollierten an der Steuerung sozialer Interaktionen beteiligt. Nach über cross-over Studie mittels funktioneller Magnetreso- 10 Jahren humanexperimenteller Forschung zeigt sich in nanztomografie (fMRT). Während der fMRT-Messung replizierten Studien, dass das zentralnervöse Oxytocinsys- wurden den Probanden glückliche und ängstliche Gesichter tem bindungs- und sozialrelevantes Verhalten wie Vertrau- mit unterschiedlicher emotionaler Intensität präsentiert. en, Blickkontakt und soziale Annäherung reguliert. Außer- Um zu identifizieren, welche Behandlungsbedingung die dem steuert es die Kontrolle angst- und stressreaktiver stärkste Amygdalainhibition bewirkt, wurden die Proban- neurobiologischer Systeme, welches wiederum die Annä- den fünf Untersuchungsgruppen zugeteilt. Zunächst wurde herungsfähigkeit verbessert. die Latenz zwischen OXT-Gabe und fMRT-Messung variiert Für eine translationale Perspektive hinsichtlich einer (15, 45, 75 Minuten) und die bisherige Standarddosis von klinischen Relevanz von Oxytocin bei der Therapie psychi- 24 internationalen Einheiten (IE) verabreicht. Signifikante scher Störungen mit sozialen Defiziten sind weitere Effekte zeigten sich ausschließlich 45-70 Minuten nach experimentelle Studien erforderlich, um die psychobiologi- OXT-Gabe. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde die OXT-Dosis schen Prozesse zu verstehen. (12, 24, 48 IE) bei dieser Latenz variiert. Im Rahmen des Symposiums werden einige innovative Die stärkste OXT-induzierte Inhibition der Amygdalaant- experimentelle Ansätze aus der aktuellen Oxytocinfor- wort auf ängstliche Gesichter wurde beobachtet, wenn 24 schung vorgestellt. Spengler et al. prüfen erstmals die IE OXT 45 Minuten vor Beginn der fMRT-Messung verab- amygdalamodulierende Wirkung unterschiedlicher Dosen reicht wurden. Dieser Effekt war bei Probanden mit und Latenzen intranasaler Oxytocingabe in einer pharma- stärkeren autistischen Persönlichkeitszügen besonders kokinetischen Untersuchung. Kirsch et al. zeigen protektive ausgeprägt. Effekte von Oxytocin auf typischerweise eingeschränkte Zusammenfassend bieten diese fundamentalen Erkennt- psychomotorische Funktionen unter Alkoholeinfluss. nisse zur optimalen Dosis und Latenz der intranasalen Schiller et al. widmen sich den Intergruppeneffekten von OXT-Gabe eine wichtige Grundlage für die Konzeptualisie- Oxytocin auf behavioraler und elektrophysiologischer rung experimenteller und klinischer Studien mit dem Ziel Ebene erstmals im Rahmen realer Intergruppenkonflikte. der OXT-induzierten Amygdalainhibition." Domes et al. berichten von den Effekten einer Oxy- tocinapplikation auf mimische Imitation, Emotionserken- nung und soziale Aufmerksamkeitsleistungen bei Autis- mus-Spektrum-Störungen."

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Oxytocin moduliert psychomotorische Funktionen Effekte von Oxytocin auf das Neidverhalten gegen unter Alkohol-Einfluss. Erste Ergebnisse einer Out-Groups in realen Intergruppenkonflikten Pilotstudie Schiller, Bastian (1); Domes, Gregor (1,2); Heinrichs, Kirsch, Peter (1); Schmidt, Stephanie (1); Sauer, Markus (1) Carina (1); Ettinger, Ulrich (2); Spanagel, Rainer (1); 1: Universität Freiburg, Deutschland; 2: Universität Trier, Bowen, Michael (3); Mier, Daniela (1); McGregor, Deutschland

Iain (3); Neumann, Inga (4) Neid bedeutet Unglück über das Glück Anderer: den grünen 1: Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Rasen des Nachbarn, die intelligenten Kinder der Freunde, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland; 2: oder die staatlichen Unterstützungen für Flüchtlinge. Diese Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychologie II, Universität Bonn, universelle Emotion resultiert aus sozialen Vergleichspro- Deutschland; 3: School of Psychology, University of Sydney, zessen, die adaptiv Informationen liefern und Motivation Australien; 4: Lehrstuhl für Neurobiologie und Tierphysiologie, fördern. Diese Vorteile haben jedoch einen Preis: Neid Universität Regensburg, Deutschland verursacht häufig ein Gefühl, dass das Glück Anderer unverdient ist und kann so antisoziales Verhalten erzeugen, "Es konnte kürzlich tierexperimentell gezeigt werden, dass beispielsweise in gewaltsamen Intergruppenkonflikten. Um Oxytocin (OT) neben seinen wohlbekannten Effekten auf die Psychobiologie dieses Sozialphänomens zu verstehen, soziale und emotionale Prozesse auch in der Lage ist, wurde untersucht, ob Oxytocin, ein für Sozialverhalten und alkoholbedingte motorische Störungen zu reduzieren. Die soziale Kognitionen zentrales Neuropeptid, antisoziales vorliegende Studie wurde durchgeführt, um zu überprüfen, Neidverhalten gegen Mitglieder einer Out-Group moduliert. ob sich dieser Effekt auch bei Menschen zeigen lässt. Dazu wurde 86 Mitgliedern rivalisierender sozialer Gruppen 15 gesunde Probanden erhielten in einer doppleblinden (Fußballfans und Politikinteressierte) intranasal Oxytocin cross-over Studie intranasal entweder 24 IU OT oder ein oder Placebo verabreicht. Anschließend sollten sie ent- Placebo. Danach konsumierten die Probanden Alkohol bis scheiden, ob sie reale Out-Group-Gewinne aus einer zuvor zu einem Atemalkoholwert von ca. 0,6 ‰. 45 Minuten nach gespielten Lotterie durch den kostspieligen Einsatz eigener OT-Gabe bearbeiteten die Proganden eine Testbatterie mit Ressourcen verringern wollten. Um den Wirkmechanismus lokomotorischen und visuomotorischen Aufgaben. Die möglicher Oxytocin-Effekte zu verstehen, wurden elektro- Testbatterie bestand aus Fingertapping-Aufgaben unter- physiologische Gehirnprozesse während der Verarbeitung schiedlicher Frequenz (2 und 3 Hz), die entweder getaktet von Out-Group-Gewinnen analysiert. Unter Placebo oder frei ausgeführt werden musste, einer visuo-spatiale investierten die Versuchspersonen einen signifikanten Teil Pointing-Aufgabe zur Erfassung der Auge-Hand- ihrer Ressourcen, um Out-Group-Gewinne zu reduzieren. Koordination und verschiedenen Eye-Tracking-Paradigmen Oxytocin eliminierte dieses antisoziale Neidverhalten (Pro- und Anti-Sakkaden und glatte Augenfolgebewegun- vollständig, indem es bei Versuchspersonen mit niedriger gen). selbstberichteter Empathie und starkem Out-group- Erste Analysen zeigen eine tendenziell bessere Präzision Neidverhalten einen negativen Bewertungsprozess bei (geringe Standardabweichung) beim Tapping bei 2 Hz, eine Out-Group-Gewinnen durch einen positiven Bewertungs- kürzere sensorische Reaktionszeit bei der Pointing- prozess ersetzte (200-500ms nach Stimuluspräsentation). Aufgabe und eine schnellere Augenbewegung bei Prosak- Unsere Studie untersucht erstmalig die Effekte von kaden unter OT. Oxytocin auf antisoziales Neidverhalten gegen Out-Groups Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Verbesserung Alkohol- bei Interaktionen zwischen rivalisierenden, realen sozialen bedingter psychomotorischer Einschränkungen durch die Gruppen und mit realen finanziellen Konsequenzen. Sie Gabe von OT. Dabei scheinen sich die Effekte in erster Linie wirft ein neues Licht auf die Effekte von Oxytocin auf Neid auf automatische motorische Prozesse zu beschränken. und Intergruppenkonflikte, da sie, anders als Studien mit Derzeit steht aber noch die Einbeziehung einer Kontroll- per Selbstbericht erfasstem Neid und experimentellen gruppe ohne Alkoholeinfluss aus, um das Ausmaß der ‚minimalen Gruppen‘ keine antisozialen, sondern prosozia- psychomotorischen Störungen durch Alkohol als auch le Effekte des Neuropeptids zeigt. Alkohol-unabhängige Effekte des OT auf die Psychomotorik zu prüfen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Vortrag präsentiert." Dosis- und latenzabhängige Modulation der Amygdalaakti- vierung durch intranasales Oxytocin

16 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Effekte von Oxytocin auf mimische Imitation und Wie unser Gehirn unter Stress arbeitet – soziale Aufmerksamkeit bei Autismus Neue Bildgebungsbefunde bei gesunden Domes, Gregor (1); Kanat, Manuela (2); Spenthof, Probanden und Patienten mit Borderline Ines (1); Heinrichs, Markus (2) 1: Universität Trier, Deutschland; 2: Universität Freiburg, Persönlichkeitsstörung Deutschland Katja Wingenfeld & Oliver T. Wolf "Menschen mit Autismus Spektrum Störungen (ASD) Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin zeigen eine geringere Aufmerksamkeit, eine geringere Raum: A 9/10 Tendenz zur mimischen Imitation, und geringere Emotions- Stress und Veränderungen in den biologischen Stressregu- erkennungsleistung für Gesichter. Oxytocin beeinflusst die lationssystemen, der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen- Verarbeitung von sozialen Reizen und fördert z.B. die Nebennierenrinde und dem sympathischen Nervensystem Emotionserkennung. In mehreren Experimenten unter- stellen einen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung psychischer suchten wir die Effekte einer intranasalen Oxytocingabe auf Störungen, wie Depressionen, Angststörungen und die Aufmerksamkeit für Gesichter, mimische Imitation und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) dar. Stresshormo- Emotionserkennung bei Männern mit ASD. ne beeinflussen eine Vielzahl kognitiver Prozessen, wie In einem ersten Experiment erhielten 29 Probanden mit Lernen und Gedächtnis. Funktionen, die bei den erwähnten ASD und 31 neurotypische Kontrollprobanden eine intrana- Störungen oftmals beeinträchtigt oder verändert sind. In sale Dosis Oxytocin (crossover, placebo-kontrolliert). Nach diesem Symposium werden neue Bildgebungsstudien zu Substanzgabe wurden ihnen Videosequenzen präsentiert, den neuronalen Korrelaten von Stresseffekten auf kogniti- in denen neutrale Gesichtsausdrücke sich graduell hin zu ve Prozesse dargestellt und potentielle (klinische) Implikati- einer bestimmten Emotion veränderten (u.a. Freude, Ärger). onen diskutiert. Dabei wurden mimischen Reaktionen mittels EMG und Zunächst berichtet Jens Prüssner inwieweit sich die Blickbewegungen mittels Eye-tracking aufgezeichnet. In neuronalen, endokrinen und subjektiven Reaktionen auf einem zweiten Experiment wurde in einem Dot-probe Stress bei Probanden mit und ohne frühkindliche Belastun- Paradigma neben der Aufmerksamkeitspräferenz für gen unterscheiden. Dabei wurden die Probanden während Abbildungen von Gesichtern gegenüber Häusern erfasst. eines psychosozialen Stresstests mittels fMRT untersucht. Die Ergebnisse des ersten Experimentes deuten darauf hin, Frühkindliche Traumatisierung hat eine hohe Prävalenz bei dass Teilnehmer mit ASD unter Placebo eine verminderte Patienten mit BPS. Zwei Beiträge widmen sich diesem Imitation ärgerlicher Gesichtsausdrücke zeigte, während Störungsbild. Annegret Krause-Utz stellt Studien dar, in dieser Unterschied nach Oxytocin-Gabe geringer wurde. Im denen die Effekte von emotionaler Ablenkung auf die zweiten Experiment erhöhte die Oxytocingabe die initiale Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung bei Patienten mit BPS unter- Aufmerksamkeit für Gesichter bei Teilnehmern mit ASD. sucht wurden. Dabei werden Befunde hinsichtlich der Hoch sozial-ängstliche Teilnehmer mit ASD zeigten unter neuronalen Korrelate sowie der Herzraten-Variabilität Placebo eine Tendenz zur Vermeidung von sozialen Stimuli, präsentiert. Anschließend stellt Sophie Metz Befunde einer nach Oxytocingabe jedoch nicht. fMRT Studie vor, in der untersucht wurde inwieweit die Zusammengenommen lassen diese Ergebnisse vermuten, Gabe von Hydrocortison den Gedächtnisabruf bei Patien- dass Oxytocin die mimische Imitation emotionaler Ge- tinnen mit BPS beeinflusst und inwieweit Unterschiede zu sichtsausdrücke bei ASD fördert. Oxytocin scheint darüber einer gesunden Vergleichsgruppe bestehen. Abschließend hinaus die initiale Aufmerksamkeit für soziale Stimuli bei präsentiert Valerie Kinner eine Studie an gesunden Proban- ASD zu fördern. Beide Effekte könnten eine Erklärung sein den zu den neuronalen Korrelaten der Cortisol-induzierten für die bislang wiederholt berichteten positiven Effekte auf Rückkehr konditionierter Furcht. Dabei zeigte sich ein sozial-kognitive Leistungen von Oxytocin bei psychischen beeinträchtigter Extinktionsabruf, welcher mit einer Störungen mit Beeinträchtigungen im sozialen Kontext. Aktivierung des neuronalen Furchtnetzwerks einhergeht. Methodische Einschränkungen und klinische Implikationen Das Symposium bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle werden diskutiert." Befunde in diesem faszinierenden Forschungsgebiet und beleuchtet das komplexe Zusammenspiel zwischen Stress,

kognitiven Prozessen und neuronaler Aktivierung.

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Der Einfluss von frühkindlicher Belastung auf die Der Einfluss emotionaler Ablenkung auf das Stresswahrnehmung im zentralen Nervensystem - Arbeitsgedächtnis bei Patienten mit Borderline eine fMRT Studie Persönlichkeitsstörung – Bildgebungsstudien zur Rolle stressabhängiger Dissoziation. Zakreski, Ellen (1); Barton, Alexander (1); Wirtz, Petra (2); Prüssner, Jens (2) Krause-Utz, Annegret; Winter, Dorina; Schriener, 1: McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2: Universität Friederike; Chiu, Chui-De; Lis, Stefanie; Spinhoven, Konstanz, Deutschland Philip; Bohus, Martin; Elzinga, Bernet; Schmahl,

"Frühkindliche Belastungen, in Form von emotionaler Christian Vernachlässigung oder sexuellem Missbrauch, sind Universität Leiden, Niederlande konsistent mit einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit für Hintergrund: Eine gestörte Emotionsverarbeitung und psychische Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter verbunden, Probleme bei der Stressregulation sind Kernmerkmale der wie z.B. Psychose, Depression oder Borderline Persönlich- Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS), die mit einer keitsstörung. Es herrscht weitgehend Übereinstimmung erhöhten limbischen Reaktivität (z.B. in der Amygdala) und dahingehend, dass eine veränderte Regulation der Stress- / verminderten Rekrutierung frontaler Areale assoziiert Energiesysteme im Organismus hierbei eine ursächliche wurden. In vorhergehenden Studien zeigten BPS-Patienten Rolle spielt, besonders des autonomen Nervensystems und eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für emotionale Ablenkung, die der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden- sich negativ auf kognitive Prozesse, u.a. das Arbeitsge- Achse. In einer Vielzahl von Studien am Mensch und Tier dächtnis auswirkte. Unter Stress erfährt ein hoher Prozent- untersucht, konnte nach frühkindlicher Belastung eine satz an Patienten mit BPS zudem dissoziative Zustände. Dysregulation dieser Systeme konsistent beobachtet Bisher ist nur wenig über die Rolle stressabhängiger werden. Dissoziation bei der neuronalen Verarbeitung emotionaler Wichtige Fragen sind dabei aber ungeklärt, z.B. ob frühkind- Ablenkung bekannt. Methoden: In der vorliegenden Studie liche Belastung zu einer Erhöhung oder Erniedrigung der wurden die neuronalen Korrelate emotionaler Ablenkung im Stressantwort führt, und wie sie sich auf die Stressverar- Rahmen eines Arbeitsgedächtnistests bei 29 unmedizier- beitung im zentralen Nervensystem auswirkt. ten BPS-Patientinnen und 18 gesunden Kontrollpersonen Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, haben wir insgesamt 80 mit Hilfe von funktioneller Kernspintomographie unter- junge Männer (18-30 Jahre) mit und ohne frühkindlicher sucht. Bei einer Untergruppe von Patienten (n=17) wurde Belastung (je n=40) mit dem Montreal Imaging Stress Task zudem Dissoziation experimentell anhand eines personali- auf ihre Veränderungen der Gehirnaktivität in einer fMRT- sierten Skriptes erzeugt, bevor die Patienten den Emotio- Studie (Siemens 3T) untersucht. Dabei wurde die endokrine nalen Arbeitsgedächtnistest im MRT-Scanner bearbeiteten. Stressreaktion mit Hilfe von Speichelproben, und die Ergebnisse: Während emotionaler Ablenkung zeigten BPS- Stresswahrnehmung durch Fragebögen erfasst. Zusätzlich Patienten ohne Dissoziation eine stärkere Aktivierung der zur frühkindlichen Belastung wurde ein weiterer situativer Amygdala, Insula, des Posterioren Cingulären Cortex und Faktor (Todesgedanken) manipuliert, so dass vier Experi- Cuneus sowie eine stärkere funktionelle Konnektivität mentalgruppen entstanden (je n=20). zwischen Amygdala und dem Fusiformen Gyrus als Beide Faktoren zeigten dabei signifikante Effekte - sowohl Gesunden. Bei Patientinnen mit hoher stressabhängiger auf die Cortisolstressreaktion, als auch auf Aktivitätsverän- Dissoziation war die Aktivierung in diesen Regionen derungen im ZNS. Die ZNS-Effekte können sowohl mit vermindert, wohingegen eine stärkere Aktivierung frontaler unterschiedlicher Cortisolreaktivität, als auch mit der Regionen und eine stärkere Kopplung zwischen Amygdala frühkindlichen Belastung per se zusammenhängen. Es und dem insulären Kortex vorlag. Patientinnen mit stress- zeigen sich weiterhin strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen abhängiger Dissoziation erbrachten darüber hinaus eine den Personen mit und ohne frühkindlicher Belastung, was schlechtere Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung über alle experimen- auf Entwicklungsfaktoren hinweist. Beim Vortrag werden telle Bedingungen hinweg. Diskussion: Die vorliegenden die unterschiedlichen Interpretationsmöglichkeiten dieser Befunde weisen auf eine reduzierte affektive Reaktivität Ergebnisse diskutiert, und in die bestehende Literatur zur und gestörte kognitive Informationsveratbeitung während frühkindlichen Belastung eingeordnet." stressabhängiger Dissoziation bei Patienten mit BPS hin. Implikationen dieser Befunde für zukünftige Bildgebungs- studie und die Behandlung der BPS werden diskutiert.

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Effekte von Hydrocortison auf den Studien zeigen, dass Stresshormone den Extinktionsabruf Gedächtnisabruf und deren neuronale Korrelate bei beeinträchtigen und das Wiederauftreten konditionierter Furcht begünstigen. Die zugrunde liegenden neuroendokri- Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung nen Mechanismen sind beim Menschen jedoch noch Metz, Sophie; Fleischer, Juliane; Otte, Christian; weitgehend unerforscht. In dieser funktionellen Magnetre- Wingenfeld, Katja sonanztomographie-Studie wurde untersucht, wie sich Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland eine pharmakologische Gabe des Stresshormons Cortisol auf die neuronalen Korrelate des Extinktionsabrufs und der Bisherige Studien konnten zeigen, dass eine einmalige Furchtrückkehr auswirkt. In einem zweitägigen Renewal- Gabe von Hydrocortison zu einer Verschlechterung des Paradigma (Tag 1: Furchtakquisition in Kontext A, Furchtex- Gedächtnisabrufes bei gesunden Kontrollprobanden führte. tinktion in Kontext B; Tag 2: Renewal und Reinstatement in Hydrocortison verringert unter anderem die Aktivität des Kontext A und B nach Gabe von Cortisol oder Placebo) medialen Temporallappen, Hippocampus, Amygdala und wurden 64 gesunde Männer und Frauen getestet. Auf prä-frontalen Regionen, welches mit der Verschlechterung elektrodermaler Ebene führte Cortisol zu einem stärkeren des Gedächtnisabrufs in Verbindung gebracht wurde. Bei Renewal und Reinstatement konditionierter Furcht bei Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) Männern, nicht aber bei Frauen. Auf neuronaler Ebene ging konnte gezeigt werde, dass Hydrocortison, den Gedächt- dieser Effekt bei Männern mit einer erhöhten Aktivierung nisabruf verbessert. Entsprechende Studien zu den im dorsalen anterioren cingulären und orbitofrontalen Effekten von Hydrocortison auf die Gehirnaktivität bei Cortex, sowie in der Amygdala und Insula einher, während Patienten mit BPS fehlen bislang. In dieser Studie wurden bei Frauen eine Aktivitätsreduktion in diesen Regionen nach die neuronalen Korrelate des Gedächtnisabrufes unter Cortisolgabe zu beobachten war. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, Hydrocortison bei Patienten mit BPS und gesunden dass Cortisol die Rückkehr konditionierter Furcht bei Kontrollprobanden untersucht. 21 Patienten mit BPS und Männern begünstigt, indem es wichtige neuronale Struktu- 21 gesunde Kontrollen nahmen an der Studie teil. In einem ren des Furchtnetzwerkes aktiviert. Die aktuellen Befunde Placebo kontrollierten cross-over-Design wurde den könnten somit eine mechanistische Erklärung liefern, Probanden zu einem Messzeitpunkt ein Placebo und zu warum Stresshormone das Risiko für ein Wiederauftreten dem anderen Messzeitpunkt 10mg Hydrocortison verab- von Angstsymptomen nach erfolgreicher Therapie begüns- reicht bevor mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomora- tigen und inwiefern das Geschlecht dabei eine wichtige phie (fMRT) die neuronale Korrelate im Ruhezustand Rolle spielt. (resting state), während eines Wortlistenlernparadigma und während eines autobiographischen Gedächtnistest untersucht wurden. Die Untersuchungen (Hydrocortison vs. Sport als Stresspuffer: Biologische Placebo) wurden mit mindestens einer Woche Abstand und unter Verwendung von Parallelversionen der Gedächtnis- Mechanismen und Moderatoren tests durchgeführt. Es werden erste Analysen präsentiert, Jana Strahler & Dirk Moser in denen die neuronale Aktivität des Gedächtnisabrufs Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Deutschland zwischen Patienten mit BPS und gesunden Kontrollen im Raum: A 8 Vergleich Hydrocortison vs. Placebo verglichen wird. "Physische und psychosoziale Belastungssituationen Neuronale Korrelate der Cortisol-induzierten führen zu einer Kaskade an Reaktionen, die den Organis- Rückkehr konditionierter Furcht mus bestmöglich an potentielle und tatsächliche Bedro- hungen anpassen sollen. Während sportlicher Belastung Kinner, Valerie L.; Wolf, Oliver T.; Merz, Christian J. eine stresspuffernde Wirkung zugeschrieben wird, kann Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland chronischer (unkontrollierbarer) psychosozialer Stress Im Bereich der Angststörungen treten häufig trotz erfolg- langfristig zu Fehlregulationen der beteiligten Systeme reicher Expositionstherapie langfristig Rückfälle auf. Das führen und dadurch Krankheitsprozesse begünstigen. Im Extinktionslernen wird als zugrunde liegender Mechanis- Rahmen dieses interdisziplinären Symposiums wollen wir mus der Expositionstherapie diskutiert und beschreibt anhand verschiedener Forschungsansätze aufzeigen, über einen Prozess, bei dem eine zuvor erworbene Verhaltens- welche Mechanismen Sport gesundheitsförderlich wirkt. weise ‗umgelernt― und in Folge dessen nicht mehr gezeigt Dabei werden wir Sport als therapeutische und arbeitsme- wird. Die ursprünglichen Gedächtnisinhalte werden jedoch dizinische Intervention, als Stresspuffer, aber auch als nicht gelöscht, sondern aktiv unterdrückt. Experimentelle chronischen Stressor kritisch reflektieren und in seinen

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Folgen/Potentialen gegenüber psychosozialem Stress Als potenziell neuer physiologischer Stressmarker, wurde abgrenzen. cfDNA aus Plasma extrahiert und mittels qPCR quantifi- Die erste Präsentation beschäftigt sich mit der Freisetzung ziert. Des Weiteren wurde die hormonelle Reaktion auf die zellfreier DNA nach körperlicher und psychosozialer Stressoren anhand von Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase und (Nor-) Belastung. Es zeigte sich nach beiden Belastungssituatio- Adrenalin gemessen sowie die affektive Reaktion mittels nen eine signifikante Erhöhung an zellfreier DNA und eines auf Selbsteinschätzung basierenden Fragebogens Stresshormonen. Angst, sowie negative selbstbezogene beurteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Verfünffa- Emotionen traten verstärkt nach psychosozialem Stress chung/Verdopplung der cfDNA nach dem Laufband- auf. Test/TSST. Die Fragebogenauswertung bestätigte die Die zweite Präsentation zeigt die immunologischen Effekte erfolgreiche Stressinduktion unter beiden Bedingungen einer Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie mit Bewegungsaufbau anhand einer erhöht messbarer Anspannung. Angst sowie bei Patienten mit Depression (im Vergleich zu einer aktiven negative selbstbezogene Emotionen traten verstärkt nach und passiven Kontrollgruppe). Hierbei sehen wir einen psychosozialem Stress auf. Obgleich die Mechanismen der Anstieg anti-inflammatorischer Prozesse in der Bewe- Freisetzung, Regulation, Funktion und Abbau der cfDNA gungsgruppe sowie eine Reduktion des pro- noch unklar sind, erscheint cfDNA als neuer Biomarker der inflammatorischen Geschehens in einer Subgruppe mit subjektiven Stressantwort vielversprechend. erhöhtem kardiovaskulären Risiko (C-reaktives Protein > 1.0 mg/l). Immunologische Effekte von kognitiver Die dritte Präsentation wirft einen kritischen Blick auf Sport Verhaltenstherapie mit Bewegungsaufbau bei als Stressor aus Sicht der Sportwissenschaften. Darüber Major Depression: Ergebnisse einer explorativen hinaus werden die psychischen und biologischen Effekte randomisierten-kontrollierten Studie eines High-Intensity-Interval-Trainings im Arbeitskontext vorgestellt. Euteneuer, Frank (1); Dannehl, Katharina (1); Die vierte Studie hatte zum Ziel, regelmäßigen Sport, Schedlowski, Manfred (2); Rief, Winfried (1) proaktives Coping und Wettbewerbsdenken als Prädiktoren 1: Universität Marburg, Deutschland; 2: Universitätsklinikum der psychobiologischen Stressreaktion zu charakterisieren. Essen, Deutschland Die Daten zeigen, dass sich Sportler nur marginal von Nicht-Sportlern hinsichtlich ihrer psychobiologischen Patienten mit Major Depression zeigen erhöhte Konzentra- Stressreaktion unterscheiden. Proaktives Coping, Wettbe- tionen entzündlicher (pro-inflammatorischer) Immunpara- werbsdenken und Wettkampferfahrung konnten als meter. Diese immunologischen Veränderungen wurden mit wichtige Moderatoren identifiziert werden." einer erhöhten Prävalenz für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Tiermodelle und verschiedene Freisetzung zellfreier DNA unter psychosozialen Humanstudien legen einen entzündungshemmenden (anti- und körperlichen Belastungsbedingungen inflammatorischen) Effekt durch regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität nahe. Im Rahmen einer randomisierten kontrol- Hummel, Elisabeth; Kumsta, Robert; Moser, Dirk lierten Studie wurde überprüft, wie sich die Verhaltensakti- Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Deutschland vierung mit körperlicher Aktivität (innerhalb der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie) auf verschiedenste Immunparameter Zirkulierende zellfreie DNA (cfDNA) ist extrazelluläre DNA, auswirkt. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Bewegungsauf- die in praktisch allen Körperflüssigkeiten zu finden ist. Bei bau führte bei Patienten mit Major Depression (im Ver- verschiedenen Erkrankungen wie z.B. Tumor- oder Auto- gleich zu einer aktiven und passiven Kontrollgruppe) zu immunerkrankungen sowie nach Verletzungen steigt die einem Anstieg des anti-inflammatorischen Immunparame- cfDNA im Plasma an. Auch körperliche und psychosoziale ters Interleukin-10. Ein Effekt auf pro-inflammatorische Belastungen können die Menge an cfDNA beeinflussen. Immunparameter zeigte sich nur bei Patienten mit erhöh- Eine Untersuchung der intra- und interindividuellen cfDNA- tem kardiovaskulären Risiko, definiert durch erhöhte Freisetzung nach akutem psychosozialem und physischem Konzentrationen des Entzündungsmarkers CRP (über 1,0 Stress wurde bisher jedoch noch nicht durchgeführt. In mg/l). In dieser Subgruppe war kognitive Verhaltensthera- dieser Studie wurden daher 20 junge, gesunde männliche pie mit Bewegungsaufbau mit einer Reduktion des CRP- Studenten der Sportwissenschaft sowohl einem akuten Spiegels assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie liefern psychosozialen Laborstressor als auch einem akuten Hinweise für die Beeinflussbarkeit von immunologischen körperlichen Stressor in randomisierter Reihenfolge an Veränderungen bei Depression. zwei verschiedenen Tagen ausgesetzt. Blut- und Speichel- proben wurden vor und nach Stressbelastung gesammelt.

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Stressmessung im Sport aus Sicht der Einfluss von Sport, Coping und Sportwissenschaften Wettbewerbsdenken auf die psychobiologische Stressreaktion Zinner, Christoph Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Strahler, Jana (1); Nater, Urs M. (2); Haussmann, Würzburg, Deutschland Alexander (3)

"Das Ziel von körperlichen Training ist es, eine Störung der 1: Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Deutschland; 2: Philipps- Homöostase zu erreichen. Stressmessungen im Sport Universität Marburg, Deutschland; 3: Deutsches dienen daher oftmals in erster Linie dem Zweck die Höhe Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Deutschland des physiologischen Stresses abzuschätzen, den eine "Es wird angenommen, dass die positiven gesundheitlichen bestimmte Art von Belastung im Organismus hervorruft. Effekte von Sport und regelmäßiger Bewegung durch deren Wohlwissend, dass der Anstieg verschiedener Stress- Wirkung auf die psychobiologische Stressreaktion und – bezogener Parameter, die durch eine bestimmte Trai- verarbeitung (Cross-Stressor-Adaptation) erklärt werden ningsmethode oder aber durch Wettkampfsituationen können. Zugrundeliegende biologische Mechanismen und hervorgerufen werden, auch einen großen Anteil an Moderatoren dieses Effektes sind jedoch weitgehend psychologischen Stresses beinhalten. unklar. Die Studie hatte zum Ziel, regelmäßigen Sport als Der am häufigsten genutzte Parameter in der Sportwissen- Prädiktor sowie proaktives Coping und Wettbewerbsden- schaft um akuten psychophysiologischen Stress nach einer ken als Moderatoren der Stressreaktion näher zu charakte- körperlichen Belastung zu messen ist das Hormon Cortisol. risieren. Zusätzlich wird häufig Alpha-Amylase miterhoben. Jedoch Insgesamt 97 gesunde Männer (24.9±3.4 Jahre, 23.7±2.8 besitzen Cortisol und Alpha-Amylase, wenn es um die kg/m2; n=33 Nicht-Sportler, n=31 Sportler ohne Wett- langfristige Überwachung von Stressniveaus von Athleten kampferfahrung, n=33 Sportler mit Wettkampferfahrung) geht, um Überlastungs- und Übertrainingszustände zu nahmen am sozial-evaluativen Kaltwassertest für Gruppen vermeiden, als alleinige Parameter keine hohe Aussage- (SECPT-G) teil, der entweder als Wettkampfvariante oder kraft. Hier wird in den letzten Jahren immer wieder auf die ohne diese Instruktion durchgeführt wurde. Speichel- regelmäßige frühmorgendliche Messung der Herzfre- Cortisol, –Alpha-Amylase und –Flussrate (SFR), Herzrate quenzvariabilität zurückgegriffen. und Herzratenvariabilität (HR(V)) sowie subjektiver Stress, Die Messung sogenannter ‘Stressmarker’ war lange Jahre positiver und negativer Affekt wurden wiederholt erfasst. auf die Analyse von Serum und damit auf die venöse Einmalig füllten die Teilnehmer Fragebögen zu Proaktivem Abnahme von Blut angewiesen. In den letzten Jahren sind Coping, Wettbewerbsdenken und Wettkampferfahrung aus. zwei Methodiken in der Sportwissenschaft angekommen, Während der kompetitive SECPT-G zu einem Anstieg aller die die Probenentnahme und Analyse relevanter Parameter biologischen Parameter führte, resultierte die nicht- stark vereinfachen und deutlich stressfreier machen. Zum kompetitive Variante lediglich in veränderten HR(V)- und einen ist hier die Analyse von Parametern im Speichel zu SFR-Werten. Überraschenderweise trugen beide Stressor- nennen. Die Messung von Stressmarkern im Speichel ist varianten zu einem Anstieg positiven Affekts und Abfall aus mehreren Gründen von Vorteil. Die Proben können negativen Affekts bei, das subjektive Stressempfinden blieb non-invasiv, schmerzfrei und unkompliziert gewonnen unbeeinflusst. Die 3 Gruppen unterschieden sich nur werden. Die zweite Methode ist das sogenannte point-of- marginal hinsichtlich ihrer psychobiologischen Stressreakti- care-testing (POCT). Beim POCT können aus sehr geringen on (erhöhte HR(V)-Reaktionen bei Sportlern mit Wett- Mengen Kapillarblut schnell und relativ kostengünstig eine kampferfahrung, ausgeprägtere HR(V)-Erholung bei Fülle von Parametern gewonnen werden, die eine Aussage Sportlern generell). Unabhängig von der Gruppe war über den Stresszustand eines Athleten zulassen." proaktives Coping mit subjektiven Stressmaßen assoziiert (geringerer Stress und negativer Affekt, verstärkter positiver Affekt), während Wettbewerbsdenken und Wettkampferfahrung mit erhöhten HR-Reaktionen und einer reduzierten HR-Erholung sowie geringerem subjekti- ven Stress korrelierte. Während sich die Annahmen der Cross-Stressor- Adaptation nur ansatzweise nachweisen ließen, bieten die Befunde zu den moderierenden Effekten proaktiven Copings, Wettbewerbsdenkens und Wettkampferfahrung

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wichtige Anknüpfungspunkte für zukünftige Forschung zu Stress effects on cognitive performance in patients Prädiktoren der psychobiologischen Stress-Responsivität." with major depressive disorder

Kühl, Linn (1); Spitzer, Carsten (2); Otte, Christian

(1); Wingenfeld, Katja (1) The detrimental effects of stress 1: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland; 2: Asklepios Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn, Rosdorf, Deutschland hormones on cognitive processes and Impairments in cognitive functions and in the somatic their potential benefit as a cognitive stress systems, e.g. increased cortisol secretion, have been enhancer of psychotherapy: experimental demonstrated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase the risk to develop studies in patients and healthy controls major depressive disorder (MDD) and may also contribute Johanna Lass-Hennemann & Linn Kühl to maladaptive changes in the somatic stress systems. Universität des Saarlandes, Deutschland Several studies have shown that stress or cortisol can Raum: A 8 affect cognitive performance. Our study aimed to investi- gate effects of a psychosocial stressor on cognitive It is well established that stress hormones influence performance in MDD patients. Additionally, we aimed to cognitive processes. On the one hand, psychological further disentangle the potentially mediating role of ACE. disorders are often characterized by dysregulations in 32 women with MDD and ACE (as determined by a clinical somatic stress systems and these dysregulations are interview (Early Trauma Inventory)), 52 women with MDD thought to be linked to dysregulated cognitive processes in without ACE, 22 women with ACE but no current or lifetime several psychological disorders. On the other hand, MDD and 37 healthy women without either MDD or ACE hormonal neuroenhancers (that are part of or related to the participated in the study. The four groups did not differ in human stress response) have been proposed to improve demographic variables. All participants underwent a therapy outcome. This symposium will focus on both sides psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) and of the coin: (1) the maladaptive dysregulations of somatic a control condition (Placebo-TSST) before we measured stress systems and how these are related to sympto- psychomotoric speed, executive function, working memory, matology, (2) the potential of exogenous administration of verbal learning and memory using established neuropsy- hormones to enhance treatment outcomes. First, Linn Kühl chological testing. The results show significant effects of (Charité Berlin) will present a study on the effects of group (p< .05) with rather impairing effects of stress in psychosocial stress on cognition in patients with Major MDD. Stress resulted in higher cortisol release and higher Depression (MDD) with and without adverse childhood blood pressure compared to the control condition. Our experiences. Second, Christian Deuter (Charité Berlin) will study indicates specific effects of stress on cognition in present an experimental study in MDD patients investigat- MDD patients. ing cognitive effects of enhanced noradrenergic activity by yohimbine administration linking maladaptive changes in Cognitive effects of increased noradrenergic the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system to cognitive activity by yohimbine in patients with major symptoms. In the third talk, Johanna Lass-Hennemann depression (Saarland University) will present data on effects of cortisol on extinction learning in a fear-conditioning paradigm with Deuter, Christian Eric; Wingenfeld, Katja; Otte, aversive film clips (as an experimental analogue to trauma Christian; Kühl, Linn exposure). In the fourth talk, Leila Soravia will present data Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin on the effects of cortisol administration on craving in patients with alcohol abuse disorder. Finally, Diana Ferreira Stress has been shown to play a fundamental role in the de Sa (Saarland University) will present a study on the development and maintenance of major depression. effects of insulin on extinction learning in a fear- Importantly, maladaptive changes in the physiological conditioning paradigm. stress regulation systems have been demonstrated. For instance, in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC- NA) system, an up-regulation of central alpha2-adrenergic receptors has been found. Chronic stress in early life, e.g. adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as physical or sexual abuse, is one hypothesized mechanism. The LC-NA

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system influences not only the physiological stress group indicating a more solid extinction learning in the response, but also affects cognitive function. Although cortisol group. Physiological data are currently analyzed cognitive deficits are core symptoms of a major depressive and will be presented at the conference. disorder (MDD), the relationship of the LC-NA system and Conclusion: Our results emphasize the role of cortisol on cognitive processes has rarely been investigated so far in memory consolidation in fear extinction and support the depressed patients. Therefore, this study aims to investi- idea that cortisol might be a useful treatment adjunct for gate whether noradrenergic stimulation affects cognitive PTSD." flexibility in MDD patients. Additionally, we aim to further disentangle the potentially mediating role of adverse Acute effects of cortisol on alcohol craving in childhood experiences. In a double blind design, 20 MDD alcohol use disorder patients with ACE, 20 MDD patients without ACE, 20 Soravia, Leila Maria (1,2); de Quervain, Dominique healthy participants with ACE and 20 healthy control participants without ACE are tested after administration of J.-F. (3) 10 mg yohimbine. Task performance serves as the inde- 1: University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, pendent variable. Results of this study will be presented at Switzerland; 2: Suedhang Clinic, Kirchlindach, Switzerland; 3: the conference. The results of this study will contribute to a Division of Cognitive Neuroscience University of Basel, better understanding of the role of the LC-NA system - and Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland potential consequences due to dysfunctional changes as a Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe and result of intense stress experiences - as an underlying chronically relapsing disorder. Stress is known to increase neurobiological mechanism of cognitive processes in craving and alcohol-taking behavior, but it is not known patients with major depressive disorder. whether the stress hormone cortisol mediates these stress The influence of cortisol on memory consolidation effects or whether cortisol may rather reduce craving, for example, by inhibiting the retrieval of addiction memory. in a novel fear conditioning paradigm with aversive The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects film clips of cortisol administration on craving in abstinent patients Lass-Hennemann, Johanna; Gräbener, Alexandra; with AUD during an abstinent-oriented inpatient treatment. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo- Michael, Tanja controlled, cross-over design 46 abstinent patients with Universität des Saarlandes, Deutschland AUD were tested with two exposure sessions within two "Background: Cortisol has been proposed as a pharmaco- weeks. Cortisol (20 mg) or placebo was orally administered logical booster of exposure therapy. Fear extinction is 1 hour before each exposure session. Psychological considered to represent an important memory mechanism (craving, stress) and physiological (cortisol, heart rate) in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders and posttraumat- parameters were repeatedly measured during both test- ic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the possible enhancing days. Results: Independent of cortisol, repeated in-vivo effect of cortisol administration on fear extinction may exposure to alcohol resulted in reduced craving. Thus, acute have high therapeutic relevance. However, in previous fear cortisol administration did not significantly reduce craving conditioning studies the stimuli were rather low in ecologi- during the in-vivo exposure to alcohol. However, patients cal validity for anxiety disorders such as PTSD. By using receiving cortisol at the first experimental day showed aversive film clips as unconditioned stimuli, the present significantly reduced craving at the second experimental study aimed to investigate the influence of cortisol on fear day one week later compared to the patients who received extinction in a more naturalistic fear conditioning paradigm. first placebo and then cortisol. Conclusion: These findings Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled are in line with previous studies in patients with anxiety design, 60 participants were exposed to a fear conditioning disorders indicating that adding cortisol to in-vivo exposure paradigm with traumatic film clips as unconditioned stimuli enhances the consolidation of the habituation effect and (US) with fear acquisition on day 1, fear extinction on day2 therefore might enhance treatment outcome. and test of reinstatement on day 3. Participants received either a dose of cortisol (30mg) or placebo immediately after the extinction trials. We assessed US expectancy ratings, physiological fear responses and intrusive memo- ries of the traumatic film clips. Results: The fear reinstatement manipulation led to lower levels of fear in the cortisol group than in the placebo

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Effects of intranasal insulin application on stress are critically mediated by hormones and neuro- conditioned fear extinction in healthy humans transmitters that are released in response to stressful encounters, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Ferreira de Sá, Diana S.; Michael, Tanja Through the action of these stress mediators on brain Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department structures implicated in emotion and cognition, stress may of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany alter affective and cognitive processes and these changes may ultimately contribute to psychopathology. However, "Fear conditioning and fear extinction are important not all individuals are equally susceptible to the impact of learning models that allow the study of the etiology and stress on cognition, emotion, and mental health. In addition treatment of anxiety disorders. Impairments in fear to social and developmental factors, genetic variations are extinction are commonly found in patients with anxiety a likely source of such individual differences in stress disorders, which can be reflected in difficulties during sensitivity. This symposium will focus on the role of genetic exposure therapy. In the last years, cognitive enhancers variations of the glucocorticoid system in stress-induced have received increased interest as potential co-adjuvants changes in cognition in healthy individuals as well as in the of therapy. Previous research has shown that central risk for psychopathology after trauma exposure. Further, insulin has an enhancing effect on certain memory and this symposium will address the predictive value of the learning tasks. Additionally, insulin plays a role in the stress genetic background for the development of stress-related response, and has been suggested as a potential treatment mental disorders. Together, this symposium will provide agent for PTSD. However, the effects of intranasal insulin novel insights into the genetic basis of individual differ- on fear conditioning processes have yet to be studied. ences in the vulnerability to detrimental consequences of The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acute stressful events. intranasal insulin on fear extinction in healthy men and women. For this purpose we used a differential fear A haplotype of the mineralocorticoid receptor conditioning procedure with human face pictures as stimuli. system promotes the stress-induced shift toward In a between-subjects balanced fashion one of the face procedural learning pictures (CS+) was reinforced by an electrical shock (UCS), while the remaining one served as unreinforced neutral Wirz, Lisa (1); Reuter, Martin (2); Wacker, Jan (1); stimuli (CS-). The conditioning procedure was divided in 3 Felten, Andrea (2); Schwabe, Lars (1) different phases: fear acquisition (day 1), extinction (day 2), 1: Universität Hamburg, Deutschland; 2: Universität Bonn, reinstatement (day 3). On day 2, a single dose of intranasal Deutschland insulin (160 IU) or corresponding placebo was applied 45 minutes before fear extinction. Stress modulates the engagement of multiple memory Preliminary data shows a sex-specific effect of condition systems in a manner that favors dorsal striatum- (insulin vs. placebo) on fear extinction on the level of US- dependent procedural over hippocampus-dependent expectancy ratings and electrodermal responses. We will declarative memory. Not all individuals are equally suscep- also present startle reflex potentiation data and results tible to this stress-induced shift, yet the source of these from the reinstatement phase." individual differences is largely unknown. Pharmacological studies suggest that the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR) is critically involved in the stress-induced bias toward striatal learning. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic variants of the MR gene (NR3C2) contribute to individual differences in the SYMPOSIEN FREITAG effects of stress on multiple memory systems. In two 08:30-10:00 independent studies, healthy participants were genotyped, underwent a stress or control manipulation and performed a probabilistic classification task that can be supported by Stress × gene interactions in health and both the hippocampus and the striatum while EEG (study I) disease or fMRI (study II) measurements were taken. Stress led to a shift from hippocampal to striatal learning strategies and Lars Schwabe this shift was more pronounced in carriers of a 6 SNPs Universität Hamburg, Deutschland comprising haplotype containing variants associated with Raum: HS 1 increased MR expression ([rs2070951] MR-2G/C C, [rs5522] MR-I180V A). Our EEG and fMRI data suggest Stress is ubiquitous in our daily life and may have a crucial that carriers of this haplotype show diminished engage- impact on our health and well-being. These effects of

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ment of the hippocampus, thereby facilitating the stress- We performed haplotype analyses and found significant induced shift toward striatal learning. Furthermore, effects of NR3C1 (p = .009) and NR3C2 (p = .034) on coupling between hippocampus, dorsal striatum, and cortisol response following the stressor. NR3C2 also amygdala was modulated by stress and the MR haplotype. influenced attentional performance via an interaction with Our findings show that genetic variants associated with stress-induced cortisol response (p < .001). Neither NR3C1 enhanced MR expression facilitate a stress-induced shift haplotype nor NR3C2 haplotype was associated to reason- from hippocampal toward dorsal striatal learning, which ing abilities. might represent an efficient mechanism for coping with Results suggest that the association between cortisol and stress and hence enhance resilience toward stress-related cognition strongly depends on genetic variation. The idea of psychopathologies. an optimal arousal level depending on the stressor or stress reactivity and genetic disposition is discussed. " Stress-induced epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and its consequences The interaction between genetic vulnerability and for emotional memory function and PTSD risk deployment-related trauma on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression Vukojevic, Vanja; de Quervain, Dominique J.-F. Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Schür, Remmelt Rudolf (1); Schijven, Dick (1); Boks, Neurosciences, University of Basel, Switzerland Marco (1); Rutten, Bart (2); Stein, Murray (3); Veldink, Jan (1); Joëls, Marian (1,4); Kahn, René Timed activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) is important for memory consolidation, especially of emo- (1,5); Geuze, Elbert (1,6); Vermetten, Eric (6,7); tionally arousing information. Furthermore, there is Luykx, Jurjen (1,8); Vinkers, Christiaan (1) evidence that glucocorticoids impair memory retrieval. 1: University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, The; 2: Because fear learning and memory processes play an School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of important role in the pathogenesis of PTSD, GRs have been Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical implicated in PTSD risk. Epigenetic mechanisms may Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 3: Department of contribute to inter-individual differences in GR signaling. In Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), CA, USA; particular, it has been shown that perinatal stress can alter 4: University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the DNA methylation of the GR gene promoter. We will discuss Netherlands; 5: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of the consequences of epigenetic modifications of the GR Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; 6: Research Centre—Military gene and other glucocorticoid-related genes for emotional Mental Healthcare, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, the memory functions and the risk for PTSD. Netherlands; 7: Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; 8: Department of Plieger, Thomas; Felten, Andrea; Splittgerber, Psychiatry, ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium Hanna; Reuter, Martin Uni Bonn, Deutschland "Background. Genetic vulnerability and exposure to stress are the main components that determine whether an "Although HPA – axis reactivity has repeatedly been related individual develops a psychiatric disorder, such as post- to cognitive functioning, there is ambiguity regarding the traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive direction of the effect. Genetic factors contribute to the disorder (MDD). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) HPA – axis reactivity on the one hand and to cognitive are starting to uncover the genetic background underlying functioning on the other hand and could, therefore, help these moderately heritable disorders. However, it is understanding the association between stress and cogni- currently unknown to what extent genetic vulnerability and tion. trauma exposure interact in the development of PTSD and We genotyped 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) MDD. on the NR3C1 gene (rs10482682, rs33389, rs10482633, Methods. We investigated whether genetic risk based on rs10515522, rs2963156, rs4128428, rs9324918, summary statistics of the largest GWASs for PTSD and rs41423247, rs6189, rs10052957) coding for the gluco- MDD to date predisposed individuals to develop these corticoid receptor (GR) and 4 SNPs on the NR3C2 gene disorders in a prospective military cohort (N = 516) at five (rs6810951, rs4635799, rs11099695, rs2070950) coding time points after deployment to Afghanistan: one month, for the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and let N=127 six months and one, two and five years. Linear regression healthy males perform an attentional and a reasoning task was used to analyze the contribution of polygenic risk before and after an acute laboratory stressor (Socially scores (at multiple p-value thresholds of association) and Evaluated Cold Pressor Test, SECPT).

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their interaction with deployment-related trauma to the thereby advance the current view on the neural code of this development of PTSD and depressive symptoms. fundamental mechanism. Results. We found no main effects of polygenic risk scores nor evidence for interaction with trauma on the develop- A whole-report approach improves assessment of ment of PTSD or depressive symptoms at any of the item precision in visual working memory available time points in the five years after military de- Peters, Benjamin (1); Rahm, Benjamin (2); Kaiser, ployment. Conclusions. Our results based on a unique long-term Jochen (1); Bledowski, Christoph (1) follow-up of a deployed military cohort suggest limited 1: Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland; 2: validity of current PTSD and MDD polygenic risk scores. 2Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Alberts-Ludwigs- Even though PTSD GWASs will likely benefit from larger University, Freiburg, Germany sample sizes, progress probably depends on phenotype The capacity of visual working memory (vWM) is highly refinement that reduces etiological heterogeneity. " limited. Increasing the number of items that have to be stored decreases their average mnemonic precision. The nature of vWM precision and its neuronal origins remain The functional organization of visual highly debated. The neuronal correlates of vWM precision working memory: New evidence by EEG are typically assessed by asking participants to reproduce only one out of several items held in vWM and relating this and MEG approaches response to concurrently measured brain activity. The Daniel Schneider efficacy of this approach, however, is strongly limited Leibniz-Insitut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, because, first, the report of a single item provides only a Deutschland very noisy estimate of the underlying mnemonic precision Raum: A 9/10 and, second, brain activity measured during memory delay reflects the joint signatures of all items simultaneously held Working memory is a central component of cognitive in vWM. To overcome these limitations we introduced a processing as it entails a set of functions enabling the whole-report procedure in which participants successively temporary storage and manipulation of information. Event- reported all items held in vWM in a continuous report related EEG and MEG data provide useful tools for investi- format. In a series of behavioral experiments, we charac- gating the functional organization of working memory, as terized a stereotypic pattern of decline in precision across they are based on high-frequent recordings of neural the report sequence caused by the interference of succes- activity and thus allow for studying to what extent working sive reports. Accounting for this interference enabled us to memory representations are dynamic and change over obtain precision estimates for all memorized items during time. This symposium highlights four approaches to the the retention interval. Moreover, in a further study with a study of neural representations of working memory: First, very high number of trials we combined the whole-report Benjamin Peters will present a new whole-report approach procedure with confidence ratings for each item‖s mne- for studying the load-dependent precision of working monic quality and performed cognitive modelling. This memory representations, supported by cognitive modelling novel approach allowed improved estimation of memory and MEG data. Second, Daniel Schneider will present recent precision on an item-by-item and trial-by-trial level that work on the neural processes underlying the retroactive can be related directly to brain activity as measured, e.g., by focusing of attention within visuo-spatial working memory magnetoencephalography. representations by means of both event-related potentials (ERPs) and oscillatory parameters of the EEG. Third, The focus of attention in working memory: Thomas Töllner will focus on ERP evidence from retroactive Investigating the retroactive cuing benefit by cuing paradigms and an enumeration task, indicating a means of event-related EEG parameters dimension-based level of working memory representa- tions. Finally, Edmund Wascher will present a new experi- Schneider, Daniel; Barth, Anna; Wascher, Edmund mental approach for separating stimulus- and response- Leibniz-Insitut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, related stages of working memory processing by means of Deutschland ERPs and oscillatory EEG parameters. The overarching goal Attention can be allocated toward mental representations of this symposium thus is to provide an overview of recent in working memory also after the initial encoding of EEG/MEG research in the field of working memory and information. In a series of studies, we made use of retroac- tive attentional cuing (retro-cue) paradigms and event-

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related EEG parameters to investigate the processes constrained. Behaviorally, enumeration responses were underlying a shift of attention within working memory. fastest for identical targets, slowest for cross-dimensional Participants had to remember the orientation of stimuli in a targets, and of intermediate speed for different, intra- working memory task. Retro-cues indicated different dimensionally defined targets. EEG analyses disclosed that numbers of items as relevant and a distractor display was one source of this response slowing was feature-based presented after the retro-cues. On behavioral level, we and originated from the stage of attentional selection (as found that retroactive cuing only led to a benefit in task indexed by PCN waves), whereas another source was accuracy compared to a condition without a cue when the dimension-based and associated with WM (as indexed by focus of attention was reduced to one item. However, the P3b waves). As these dimension-based findings are not interfering effect of the distractor display on memory reconcilable with contemporary feature- and/or object- performance could be prevented whenever a retro-cue based accounts of WM, I will introduce an alternative view reduced working memory load (e.g. also for a 2-item focus). that is based on and extends the hierarchical feature- This reduction of working memory load was reflected in a bundle model. load-sensitive posterior negative slow wave and the suppression of alpha power over right-parietal sites. A Continuous Number Task (CNT) to evaluate Additionally, oscillatory activity in the mu range (10-30 Hz), different sub-mechanisms in Working Memory by related to motor planning, revealed a suppression of power means of event-related EEG activity immediately after the retro-cue only when the focus of attention was reduced to one item. These results suggest Wascher, Edmund; Zickerick, Bianca; Getzmann, Stephan; that working memory load reduction is sufficient for Arnau, Stefan; Schneider, Daniel; Thönes, Sven releasing cognitive resources to prevent distractor interfer- Leibniz Institut f.Arbeitsforschung a.d. TU Dortmund, ence. However, the retro-cue benefit results in large parts Deutschland from the possibility to focus attention on one particular item in working memory and temporally separate motor In the present study we evaluated a new approach to planning processes from the processing of the probe working memory (WM) functions that should allow differ- stimulus indicating the respective decision. entiating between remembering a stimulus and remember- ing a response, based on the same stimulus material. In the The cost of processing multiple feature dimensions Continuous Number Task (CNT), a sequence of digits (1 - 6) in visual working memory was presented continuously. Participants had to make an odd-even decision either on the actual digit (Task: N0), the Thomas Töllner preceding digit (N-1) or the sum of the actual and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany preceding digit (S-1). In N-1 the participants could evaluate the stimulus in advance and to store the response until the Over the last two decades, there has been accumulating next stimulus was provided. In the EEG, prolonged mu- evidence that perceptual coding and selection decisions are activity in the event-related spectral pertubations was modulated by an attention-guiding mechanism, which observed that indicated continuing response storage. In S- allocates limited ―selection weight‖ to the various target- 1 (sum up of the last two stimuli) the current digit had to be defining dimensions (instead of features). While these remembered because no response could be assigned to a dimension-specific weight settings bias target processing single element. In this case, sustained frontal negativity pre-attentively (Töllner et al., 2008, 2010, 2012), it remains indicated that the digit was hold in a verbal loop. Relative to unknown whether later memory-related processes are also the immediate response (N0), P3b was delayed to the influenced by dimensional context. In this talk, I will same amount in both WM conditions (N-1, S-1), independ- highlight three event-related lateralization (ERL) studies ent of the moment of response. While in N-1 responses designed to examine this issue. The first two studies used a were faster than in N0, S-1 showed the slowest responses retro-cue task to explore participants‖ ability to access of all conditions. In N-1, P3b was time locked to overt working memory (WM) representations as a function of responses. Thus, it reflected the moment when sufficient dimensional context and task set. Our findings show that information for S-R mapping for the next upcoming both factors selectively influence WM access: whereas response was available. In sum, by means of event-related cross- relative to intra-dimensional WM targets gave rise EEG activity, a clear separation of sub-processes in this to amplified ERL waves, localization relative to identifica- newly developed task was possible. tion task demands yielded speeded ERL and reaction times. The third study used an enumeration task to investigate whether the selection of multiple objects is dimensionally

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Biologische Korrelate dispositioneller le, konzeptualisiert als exekutive Funktion, anderseits. Mit Control (vs. Impulsivity) und Need for Cognition (NFC) Unterschiede in kontrolliertem vs. wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Persönlichkeitseigen- schaften untersucht, die als Prädiktoren zielorientierten impulsivem Verhalten und kontrollierten vs. impulsiven Verhaltens etabliert sind. Sören Enge & Alexander Strobel Als Maß inhibitorischer Kontrolle wurde die Inhibitionsleis- Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland tung in einer Go/No-Go Aufgabe herangezogen. Zur Raum: A 8 Messung zugrundeliegender neurophysiologischer Korrela- te wurde das EEG abgeleitet und die für Inhibitionsleistun- Im Symposium werden dispositionelle Unterschiede in gen indikativen ereigniskorrelierten NoGo-N2 und NoGo-P3 einem breit gefächerten Spektrum kontrollierten und Potentiale erfasst. Um hier auch kleinere Effekte detektie- impulsiven Verhaltens vor dem Hintergrund ihrer biologi- ren zu können, wurden insgesamt N=133 Personen schen Grundlagen bzw. Korrelate untersucht. Zwei Beiträge untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass höhere Control- widmen sich zunächst Fragebogenmaßen kontrollierten Werte des Control (vs. Impulsivity) Traits mit substanziell Verhaltens (MPQ Control bzw. Need for Cognition) und geringeren Inhibitionsfehlern (false alarms), d.h. einer zeigen elektrokortikale Korrelate (Sören Enge, Medical effektiven Hemmung von vorherrschenden, aber inkorrek- School Berlin) und molekulargenetische sowie Umweltein- ten impulsiven Reaktionstendenzen, einhergehen. Zudem flüsse (Alexander Strobel, TU Dresden) auf. Drei weitere ergaben sich längere Reaktionszeiten und NoGo-N2 Beiträge basieren auf experimentellen Paradigmen zur Latenzen bei höherer Traitausprägung. Hingegen fand sich Erfassung kontrollierten vs. impulsiven Verhaltens: Anne keine Assoziation zwischen NFC und Inhibitionsverhalten Gärtner (TU Dresden) stellt Befunde zur Rolle genetischer (false alarms). Jedoch zeigten sich bedeutsame positive Variation der Serotoninfunktion bei altruistischer Bestra- Korrelationen zwischen NFC und den Latenzen der ereig- fung im Ultimatum Game vor, Patrick Mussel (FU Berlin) niskorrelierten Potentiale. Im Gegensatz zu Control (vs. referiert über neuronale Korrelate dispositioneller Gier in Impulsivity) scheint NFC daher keinen unmittelbaren einem Common Goods Dilemma, und Roman Osinsky Zusammenhang mit inhibitorischer Kontrolle aufzuweisen. (Universität Osnabrück) präsentiert Befunde zu elektrokor- Dies ist insofern interessant, als dass beide Traits ähnliche tikalen Korrelaten zeitlicher Zielpräferenzen in einem Assoziationen mit relevanten Außenkriterien und Persön- Glücksspiel-Paradigma, auch im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung lichkeitseigenschaften zeigen. Die sich daraus ergebenden als Persönlichkeitsmarker. Insgesamt unterstreichen die Implikationen werden im Vortrag ausführlich diskutiert. Beiträge den Nutzen eines biologisch-psychologischen Ansatzes der Analyse von Persönlichkeitsunterschieden, Molekulargenetische und Umwelteinflüsse auf umgekehrt aber auch die Bedeutung einer differentiellpy- Need for Cognition chologischen Herangehensweise an die Analyse bio- logscher Marker kontrollierten und impulsiven Verhaltens. Strobel, Alexander (1); Strobel, Anja (2); Enge, Sören (1,3); Fleischhauer, Monika (4); Reif, Andreas Neurophysiologische Aspekte von Impulsivität und (5); Lesch, Klaus-Peter (6); Anacker, Kristin (1) Kontrolle: Der Zusammenhang von Persönlichkeit 1: Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland; 2: Technische und Inhibition als exekutive Funktion Universität Chemnitz, Deutschland; 3: MSB Medical School Berlin, Deutschland; 4: PFH Private Hochschule Göttingen; 5: Enge, Sören (1,2); Sach, Mareike (2); Strobel, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt; 6: Universitätsklinikum Alexander (2); Fleischhauer, Monika (3) Würzburg 1: MSB Medical School Berlin, Deutschland; 2: Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland; 3: PFH Private Hochschule Need for Cognition (NFC) ist charakterisiert als Tendenz zur Göttingen, Deutschland Beschäftigung mit und Freude an anspruchsvoller kogniti- ver Betätigung. Es existieren zahlreiche Belege für seine Impulsivität kennzeichnet sich durch den graduellen Mangel Rolle als Prädiktor individueller Leistung vor allem in an kontrolliertem, planvollem und zielorientiertem Verhal- akademischen Kontexten. Demgegenüber ist relativ wenig ten. Mit Blick auf die enorme konzeptionelle Breite des über biologische Einflussfaktoren auf NFC oder über die Impulsivitätskonstrukts in der aktuellen Literatur ergeben Bedeutung von Lebensereignissen als Modulator von NFC sich eine Reihe offener empirischer Fragestellungen. Dies bekannt. Bisherige Befunde zum Zusammenhang von NFC bezieht sich etwa auf den weithin ungeklärten Zusammen- mit elektrokortikalen Indikatoren der Ressourcenallokation hang zwischen impulsivitäts-(vs. kontroll)-assoziierten und mit aktivitäts- und zielbezogenen Persönlichkeitstraits Persönlichkeitseigenschaften einerseits und Impulskontrol- legen eine Rolle präfrontaler dopaminerger Neuromodula-

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tion nahe, deren potenzieller Einfluss auf NFC in der hatten keinen Einfluss auf diesen Effekt sowie altruistische vorliegenden Studie über genetische Variation in den Genen Bestrafung im Allgemeinen. Die Ergebnisse stehen im für das Dopamin-abbauende Enzym Catechol-O- Einklang mit Befunden zum Einfluss von Serotonin auf Methyltransferase (COMT Val158Met) und den Dopamin- kostspieliges Bestrafungsverhalten und deuten darauf hin, D4-Rezeptor (DRD4 Exon III) untersucht wurde. In einer dass serotonerge Genvariationen zu individuellen Unter- Stichprobe von N = 525 Individuen der Allgemeinbevölke- schieden in altruistischer Bestrafung beitragen. Altruisti- rung fand sich eine Interaktion beider Gen-Varianten: das sche Bestrafung im Ultimatumspiel stellt dabei ein relativ DRD4 Exon III 7-Repeat-Allel moderierte den Einfluss des stabiles Verhalten dar. Die Annahme von altruistischer COMT Genotyps auf NFC, mit den höchsten Werten in NFC Bestrafung als eher impulsives (vs. kontrolliertes) Verhalten für 7-Repeat-Allel-Träger mit dem COMT Met/Met wird diskutiert. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um die Genotyp, der mit geringerem Abbau von Dopamin assozi- gefundenen Effekte zu replizieren und die genetischen iert ist. In einer Substichprobe von n = 252 zeigte sich Mechanismen genauer zu charakterisieren. darüber hinaus, dass eine positive Evaluation zurückliegen- der Lebensereignisse mit höherem NFC einherging, ein Neuronale Korrelate dispositioneller Gier in einem Effekt, der sich insbesondere bei Trägern des DRD4 Exon III Common Goods Dilemma 7-Repeat-Allels fand. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Mussel, Patrick (1); Osinsky, Roman (2); Hewig, Annahme einer Rolle präfrontaler Dopamin-Funktion bei der Modulation von NFC und deuten zudem auf einen Johannes (3) förderlichen Einfluss positiver Lebensereignisse auf NFC 1: Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland; 2: Universität hin. Osnabrück, Deutschland; 3: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Deutschland Der Einfluss genetischer Variation des Serotonin- Dispositionelle Gier beschreibt den exzessiven Wunsch Systems auf altruistische Bestrafung im nach mehr, koste es was es wolle. Wir untersuchten, Ultimatumspiel: Ein longitudinaler Ansatz inwieweit gierige Personen im Vergleich zu weniger gieriger Gärtner, Anne (1); Strobel, Alexander (1); Reif, Personen zu eigennützigem Verhalten neigen, auch wenn dieses Verhalten auf Kosten einer anderen Person geht, Andreas (2); Lesch, Klaus-Peter (3); Enge, Sören und ob diese Tendenz besonders ausgeprägt ist, wenn es (1,4) dabei um echtes Geld geht. An einer Stichprobe von 59 1: TU Dresden, Deutschland; 2: Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt; Probanden haben wir dafür dispositionelle Gier über einen 3: Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; 4: MSB Medical School Fragebogen erhoben sowie ein Common Goods Paradigma Berlin, Deutschland in einem 2*2-Design eingesetzt, wobei wir den Einsatz (Geld vs. Punkte) und den Spiel-Partner (andere Person vs. Neurowissenschaftliche Studien weisen zunehmend darauf Computer) variierten. Gierige Personen zeigten mehr hin, dass prosoziales und kostspieliges Bestrafungsverhal- eigennütziges Verhalten als weniger gierige Personen, und ten (costly punishment) mit impulsiven Verhaltenstenden- dieser Effekt war besonders ausgeprägt, wenn die Proban- zen assoziiert ist und durch das Serotoninsystem beein- flusst wird. Individuelle Unterschiede im Bestrafungsver- den um echtes Geld und nicht um Punkte spielten. Dieser halten werden dabei zumindest teilweise durch serotoner- Effekte schwächte sich jedoch ab, wenn der eigene Nutzen ge Genvariationen moduliert. In dieser Studie wurde daher auf Kosten einer anderen Person (vs. auf Kosten des untersucht, ob sich serotonerge Genvariationen (5-HTTLPR Computers) ging. Auf neuronaler Ebene untersuchten wir und TPH2 G-703T Polymorphismus) auf altruistische mittels EEG die Verarbeitung des Feedbackreizes, der über Bestrafung im Ultimatumspiel auswirken. Unter Anwen- die Entscheidung des Partners informierte. Im ereigniskor- dung eines longitudinalen Ansatzes mit drei Untersu- relierten Potenzial zeigte sich eine Positivierung an chungszeitpunkten über einen Zeitraum von vier Monaten zentralen Elektroden für faire im Vergleich zu unfairen sollte außerdem die relative Stabilität des Bestrafungsver- Entscheidungen des Partners. In Übereinstimmung mit haltens geprüft werden. Bei N = 106 jungen Erwachsenen bisherigen Befunden war diese Differenz bei gierigen waren 5-HTTLPR und TPH2 G-703T signifikant mit Personen weniger stark ausgeprägt als bei nicht-gierigen altruistischer Bestrafung assoziiert: Träger des 5-HTTLPR Personen. Dieser Mechanismus, der in ähnlicher Form auch S-Allels in Kombination mit dem TPH2 G-Allel zeigten die bei Psychopathen beschrieben wurde, könnte indizieren, dass gierige Personen weniger gut aus Fehlern und geringste altruistische Bestrafung. Ferner ergab sich eine negativen Rückmeldungen aus der Umwelt lernen und vergleichsweise hohe Stabilität des Bestrafungsverhaltens daher eigennütziges Verhalten, das mit negativen Konse- (r = 0.6–0.8). Angaben zu selbstberichteter Ängstlichkeit quenzen für andere assoziiert ist, weniger gut regulieren. (STAI-T) und selbstberichtetem Altruismus (NEO-PI-R)

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Lieber den Spatz jetzt als die Taube später: Neuronale Korrelate zeitlicher Zielpräferenzen als Persönlichkeitsmarker? SYMPOSIEN FREITAG 11:30-13:00 Osinsky, Roman; Holst, Kristina; Ulrich, Natalie Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland Stress Induction Methods: How to Personen unterscheiden sich dahingehend, ob Sie sich in ihrem Verhalten eher durch lang- oder eher durch kurzfris- Perform a Stress Test – Concepts and tige Ziele anleiten lassen. Was aber sind die neuronalen Validation Korrelate und Determinanten solcher interindividuell unterschiedlichen Zielpräferenzen? Um dieser Frage Hartmut Schächinger & Gregor Domes nachzugehen konstruierten wir eine Entscheidungsaufga- Universität Basel, Schweiz; Universität Trier, Deutschland be, in welcher unsere Versuchsteilnehmer (N bis dato 35; Raum: HS 1 geplant 60) pro Durchgang zwischen mehreren Handlungs- alternativen wählen konnten. Nach jeder Entscheidung erhielten sie eine Entscheidungsrückmeldung, welche sich Stress is a key concept in psychobiology – offering im- sowohl auf ein unmittelbares als auch auf ein längerfristi- portant implications for cognitive, affective, and clinical ges monetäres Ziel bezog. Die Ergebnisvalenz (positiv, psychology. However, very many different stress induction neutral, negativ) beider zeitlicher Zielaspekte war dabei techniques have been published, raising questions about unabhängig voneinander. Während der Aufgabenbearbei- which stress test to best use for which purpose. This tung leiteten wir ein EEG über 64 Kanäle ab. Erste Analysen symposium will offer a state-of-the-art summary on how zeigen deutlich, dass die bekannte feedback-related to induce stress in human experimental research. We will negativity (FRN) eine additive Kombination der verschiede- hear about the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), probably nen Zielaspekte widerspiegelt. Die zugrundliegenden today‖s most influential human psychosocial stress test, neuronalen Prozesse scheinen somit personenübergreifend and latest refinements of the TSST, by Gregor Domes. The eine integrative Skalierung multipler Zielerreichung zu Cold Pressor Test (CPT), although invented many decades reflektieren. In der vollständigen Stichprobe werden wir uns ago, is currently experiencing a revival in psychobiological insbesondere mit interindividuellen Unterschieden im stress research. Many variants of the CPT have been Verhalten und der FRN befassen. Hierbei soll geklärt published. They all share a core principle (impending heat werden, (1) ob Personenunterschiede in der Verhaltensre- and energy loss), but are hampered by different practical levanz der beiden Zielaspekte mit solchen in der FRN and theoretical pitfalls which will be carefully discussed by Amplitude korrelieren, (2) ob Unterschiede in der FRN Mauro Larra. The unique MRI scanner environment Personenunterschiede in Verhaltensanpassungen vorher- represents a serious challenge when adapting standard sagen und (3) ob die Muster im Verhalten und der FRN stress tests for fMRI use. Stefan Wüst will present and Amplitude über die Zeit stabil sind und somit als Persön- discuss the latest stress induction methods suitable for lichkeitsaspekt aufgefasst werden können. application during fMRI. There are more physical stress tests, some of which offer a potential in human psychobio- logical stress research. Hartmut Schächinger will describe and briefly discuss some relatively seldom used techniques, as well as pharmacological approaches to induce stress. Julian Thayer will give an overview about mental arithmetic tasks and variants, focusing on neuropsychological and neuroscientific evidence. An invited discussant will briefly summarize the pros and cons of the different stress induction techniques presented.

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The Trier Social Stress Test – recent developments HPA axis and applicability in psychophysiological research and application in group settings settings. This talk will briefly summarize what is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms that mediate Domes, Gregor (1); von Dawans, Bernadette (2) the response to the CPT. Frequently employed variants will 1: Universität Trier, Deutschland; 2: Universität Freiburg, be described and data are presented concerning their Deutschland validity as a stress induction technique. An emphasis will be put on practical aspects when using the CPT as laboratory Since its introduction 25 years ago the ‘Trier Social Stress stressor and its advantages, limitations as well as potential Test’ (TSST) has become a widely-used standard laborato- caveats will be carefully discussed. ry protocol for the induction of mild to moderate psycho- logical stress. The TSST mainly comprises a mock job Psychological stress paradigms for neuroimaging interview and a mental arithmetic in front of an audience, studies inducing social evaluative threat and uncontrollability. The TSST evokes psychological stress and a robust activation of Wüst, Stefan (1); Streit, Fabian (2) the HPA-axis and the sympathetic-adrenal system in most 1: University of Regensburg, Deutschland; 2: Central Institute of participants. A number of adaptations and modifications Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany have been developed and published over the last decades Functional magnetic resonance imaging offers great to meet the needs of research in specific environments (eg. potential to investigate psychological stress processing functional imaging in an MRI scanner), with specific noninvasively in the human brain. Neuroimaging studies populations (eg. children and elderly) and in special settings published in the last decade are – and this is consistent (eg. groups). In our talk we will briefly summarize these with stress research outside the scanner – characterized modifications, and then focus on the potentials and by marked variability in the methods used to elicit acute challenges using the TSST for groups (TSST-G) for simulta- stress responses. Amongst others, they include social neously inducing psychosocial stress in small groups of rejection paradigms, the Stroop-task and the presentation participants. After a short summary of the methodological of visual emotional stimuli. These methods are surely well particularities of the TSST-G, we will present an overview suited for specific research questions but the observed of the studies published with the TSST-G so far and recent neural activation changes reflect negative affective data regarding variance components related to the processing, cognitive load and other processes. They can individual and group membership. Finally, comparability to only hardly be predominantly interpreted as central stress the single subject TSST and implications for future applica- response. Acute stress exposure causes an activation of tions will be discussed. the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and thus an The Cold Pressor Test as laboratory stressor: increase of cortisol levels can be viewed as validation for Psychophysiological mechanisms, variations and imaging stress paradigms. Moreover, the interplay between central stress processing and HPA axis regulation itself is at practical issues the heart of psychobiological stress research. Consequent- Larra, Mauro F.; Best, Daniel; Bachmann, Petra; ly, recent paradigms focus on psychological components Schächinger, Hartmut that are known to elicit cortisol responses such as uncon- Universität Trier, Deutschland trollability, unpredictability and social-evaluative threat. The first and most established paradigm using this ap- The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was introduced almost a proach is the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST). Our century ago as a standard stimulus to increase blood own group recently developed the ScanSTRESS paradigm. pressure and in its core consists of a procedure in which a Our presentation will include a brief overview of recent part of the body is exposed to cold for a short period of findings and we will particularly discuss methodological time. Most research evaluating response specifity, interin- challenges and opportunities from the perspective of dividual variability and the impact of variations has been psychobiological stress research. restricted to the analysis of cardiovascular and autonomic regulation. More recently, the CPT is experiencing a renaissance as a laboratory stress induction method whereby its endocrine effects, especially its capability to activate the HPA axis are of major interest. Variations have been introduced seeking to optimize it as a laboratory stressor especially with respect to the activation of the

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Physiological ‘Stress Induction Methods’ in degree of activation is appealing as researchers seek to Psychobiological Research estimate response functions over a range of activation states. Furthermore, recent advances in neuroimaging Schächinger, Hartmut; Best, Daniel; Finke, Johan- allow for the investigation of the neural concomitants of nes these tasks. In this talk, I will briefly review the literature on Universität Trier cognitive load and its relationship to both neurophysiologi- cal and peripheral psychophysiological responses. Recent Stress physiology refined over hundreds of million years, data on cognitive and emotional interactions highlights the and helped vertebrate species to survive attack and adapt potential for common neurophysiological underpinnings for to pernicious environments. Evidence suggests that neuro- cognition, emotion, and stress. Single task and dual task humoral signaling of metabolic demands, threatened manipulations provide further insights into the nature of energy resources, and disturbed homeostasis was the cognitive stressors and the adjustments that are made to primary afferent mechanisms eliciting a stress response. flexibly adapt to changing environmental challenges. Not surprisingly, hypoglycemia (i.e. lack of the brain & Individual differences in such adaptation abilities have body‖s most significant energy carrier glucose) is among important implications for basic as well as applied research. the strongest stressors ever been reported in human It is hoped that this talk will inspire researchers to use stress physiology. Similar is true for severe blood loss cognitive challenges in their stress research and to stimu- and/or low mean arterial blood pressure. Pharmacological late further innovations in their application. methods are available to induce, control and maintain systemic hypoglycemia and hypotension. However, these manipulations depend on cooperation of medical staff and Methods in Neuropsychology availability of emergency support. In this talk, they will briefly be discussed. Obviously, induction of hemorrhage Martin Bleichner (i.e. real blood loss) is not suitable in psychophysiological Universität Oldenburg, Deutschland research. However, applying ‘lower body negative pres- Raum: A 9/10 sure’ (LBNP) represents a feasible technique to simulate Our understanding of the relationship between psychology, acute, profound (e.g. 500 ml) blood loss. This is, because behaviour and brain processes is influenced and shaped by LBNP is able to reversibly induce peripheral lower limb our research methods and by the tools we have at our venous pooling of blood, thus, compromising the central disposal. The ongoing technical development for recording, systemic blood volume. The LBNP method is of potential manipulating and analysing brain processes allows us to use in psychobiology, especially, because it is characterized address new research questions and to approach old by excellent on/off timing potential, and dose-response research questions from new angles. In this symposium we characteristics. Other promising physiological stress tests, will provide an overview of different methods and how they such as the hand grip task, will be presented, demonstrat- are used to study the brain. We present different possibili- ed, and discussed. The talk will close with recommenda- ties of studying brain processes going beyond the classical tions (based on pharmacokinetic data), on how to adminis- lab setup using ear-EEG (electroencephalography). We ter stress hormones (e.g. cortisol, epinephrine) when demonstrate our approach of combination of ear-EEG, testing the psychobiology of key efferent stress systems. wireless signal acquisition, and smartphone based stimulus Mental arithmetic and beyond: Cognitive challenge presentation and signal processing to study auditory in stress research attention. We present the possibilities of manipulating ongoing brain processes immediately and non-invasively Thayer, Julian F (1); Koenig, Julian (2) using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) 1: The Ohio State University, United States of America; 2: and show how it can be used to study auditory perception. University of Heidelberg We present the possibilities of exploiting the properties of the hemodynamic brain signal on a single trial basis for ‘Count backwards from 1000 by 13’ is a common refrain in brain computer interfaces (BCI) using functional near- psychophysiology laboratories around the world. Cognitive infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an alternative to EEG. challenges such as mental arithmetic have a long history as Finally, we give an introduction to EEG source modelling stressors in psychophysiological research. These tasks and show how anatomical information can be used to have been used in psychophysiological research to ‘acti- facilitate the interpretation of the EEG signals, and will vate’ the participant in an attempt to understand the conclude with a presentation of the current developments physiological changes that accompany such activation. In in the field of source modelling. particular, the idea of being able to quantitatively vary the

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Ear-EEG for real world EEG acquisition - causal influence on cognition. In this talk, I will provide an transparent EEG using cEEGrid overview of recent studies that have exploited this modula- tory ability of TACS to test causal roles of oscillatory phase Bleichner, Martin in various aspects of auditory perception. Results show Universität Oldenburg, Deutschland that the phase of slow neural oscillations in the delta and alpha range, specifically 4Hz and 10Hz, modulates the "Recent developments in amplifier and sensor technology detectability of schematic sounds (tone pips and click increase the possibilities of acquiring neurophysiological trains) as well as the separability of more naturalistic data away from the classical lab based experiment. We sounds (harmonic tone sequences and speech) from combine wireless EEG amplifiers with ear-centred elec- background noise. Thus, slow oscillatory phase plays a trode placement (cEEGrid) and use smartphones for signal causal role for auditory perception and selective hearing. acquisition, stimulus presentation, and signal analysis. In Overall, TACS provides a powerful neuroscientific tool for the context of tracking auditory attention in hearing aid uncovering mechanisms underlying auditory phenomena. users we work towards a fully ―transparent‖ EEG that Moreover, by this, it can open up new possibilities for allows continuous EEG acquisition without restricting the clinical interventions aiming to support or restore these wearer in everyday activities. A transparent EEG could be mechanisms. easily ignored by its wearer and would not be readily noticeable by the people they interact with. Such a system Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) – a opens up new possibilities for long-term EEG acquisition in promising method towards convenient brain- real-life situations and allows for new approaches for based communication for ―locked-in‖ patients studying the brain-behaviour relationship in more realistic scenarios. Sorger, Bettina In this presentation we show how we use ear-centred EEG Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, to study auditory attention. I will first present the general Niederlande approach and principles of ear-EEG. Then I will present data of an auditory attention paradigm, where we directly "Human communication depends on the functional compared high-density EEG and ear-EEG. I will show how integrity of the neuromuscular system. In the so-called much of the signal of interest is preserved using ear ―locked-in‖ syndrome (LIS), fully awake and conscious electrodes. Finally, I will present our approach of a patients are incapable of communicating naturally due to smartphone based auditory attention brain computer severe motor paralysis. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) interface system and will conclude with an outlook on the enable the read-out of different voluntarily controlled brain future developments of ear-EEG." states in real time opening an alternative (motor- independent) communication channel for LIS patients who Studying the role of neural oscillatory phase for are otherwise isolated from the outside world. auditory perception with transcranial alternating During the last 30 years, most BCI researchers have current stimulation (tACS) focused on developing communication BCIs based on neuroelectric signals. More recently, hemodynamic brain Riecke, Lars signals as measured with functional magnetic resonance Maastricht University, Niederlande imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been explored in the BCI context – demon- Several neuroscientific studies have shown that auditory strating considerable clinical potential, especially for perception is associated with the phase of cortical oscilla- complete LIS patients. FMRI and fNIRS indirectly measure tions as measured with neuroelectric/-magnetic record- neural activity via its neurovascular response by exploiting ings. However, due to their correlational nature, these the magnetic (fMRI) or optical (fNIRS) properties of the studies could not disambiguate whether cortical oscillatory hemodynamic brain signal. phase plays a causal role for auditory perception or is In this presentation, the audience will be first introduced to merely a consequence of it. An alternative approach that the general methodology of brain-computer interfacing enables to overcome this limitation is based on transcranial (technical setup, suitable functional-neuroimaging meth- alternating current stimulation (TACS). TACS is a non- ods, information encoding and decoding etc.). Then, I will invasive brain stimulation technique involving the silent focus on the increasingly applied fNIRS technique. FNIRS is application of a weak alternating current to the scalp. safe, relatively easy to apply and portable – making it an Animal studies have shown that TACS can entrain the ideal BCI technique. I will address the functional principles phase of neural oscillations, making it a suitable method for and practical/procedural aspects of fNIRS and compare it experimentally manipulating this phase and studying its

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with other functional-neuroimaging methods. Finally, a applies priors promoting spatial sparsity of the source recent study with healthy participants will be presented estimate. This non-linear source imaging approach that demonstrates the feasibility of a multiple-choice combines the benefits of both source imaging and multiple fNIRS-based communication BCI using differently timed current dipole modeling and is applicable, e.g., for analyzing motor imagery as information-encoding strategy." evoked brain signals. The resulting source estimates contain few active current dipoles representing neural Reconstructing well-localized brain activity with activity in well-localized brain areas. Initial approaches for MEG/EEG sparse source imaging MEG/EEG sparse source imaging promoted unstructured sparsity, which can result in non-physiological source time Strohmeier, Daniel courses. To overcome this issue, priors promoting struc- TU Ilmenau, Deutschland tured sparsity are applied nowadays, which also reduce the "The reconstruction of the neural generators underlying sensitive to noise improving reliability and stability of the MEG or EEG signals allows analyzing brain activity noninva- source estimates. sively with high temporal and good spatial resolution. This In the presentation, I will start with a general overview on is of avail for both basic neuroscience and clinical research. MEG/EEG source reconstruction and introduce our ap- MEG/EEG source reconstruction requires the solution of proaches for MEG/EEG sparse source imaging. I will focus the ill-posed bioelectromagnetic inverse problem. To find a on techniques promoting structured sparsity in the time or stable and unique solution, constraints have to be applied time-frequency domain, which improve the reconstruction reflecting a priori assumptions on the spatial and temporal of spatio-temporally coherent well-localized source characteristics of the brain activity. MEG/EEG sparse estimates. The presentation concludes with an overview on source imaging is based on a distributed source model and current research directions and future work." applies priors promoting spatial sparsity of the source estimate. This non-linear source imaging approach combines the benefits of both source imaging and multiple Multimodal investigation of current dipole modeling and is applicable, e.g., for analyzing trustworthiness and dominance evoked brain signals. The resulting source estimates contain few active current dipoles representing neural processing – from perception to action activity in well-localized brain areas. Initial approaches for Alexander Lischke & Sina Radke MEG/EEG sparse source imaging promoted unstructured Universität Greifswald, Deutschland sparsity, which can result in non-physiological source time Raum: A 8 courses. To overcome this issue, priors promoting struc- tured sparsity are applied nowadays, which also reduce the During social interactions, individuals rapidly and automati- sensitive to noise improving reliability and stability of the cally judge others‖ trustworthiness and dominance on basis source estimates. of subtle facial cues. Although these judgements do not In the presentation, I will start with a general overview on necessarily have to be correct, they nonetheless affect MEG/EEG source reconstruction and introduce our ap- current and future interactions with others. For instance, proaches for MEG/EEG sparse source imaging. I will focus trustworthiness judgements have been shown to affect on techniques promoting structured sparsity in the time or economic decisions in laboratory as well as in real-life time-frequency domain, which improve the reconstruction settings. Despite the importance of trustworthiness and of spatio-temporally coherent well-localized source dominance judgements for social interactions, the behav- estimates. The presentation concludes with an overview on ioral and neural correlates of trustworthiness and domi- current research directions and future work." nance processing have rarely been studied. In consideration "The reconstruction of the neural generators underlying of this, we will present a series of studies that combine MEG or EEG signals allows analyzing brain activity noninva- various methods to elucidate how facial cues of trustwor- sively with high temporal and good spatial resolution. This thiness and dominance are processed on the behavioral is of avail for both basic neuroscience and clinical research. and neutral level. Alexander Lischke will use behavioral and MEG/EEG source reconstruction requires the solution of electrophysiological data to demonstrate how natural faces the ill-posed bioelectromagnetic inverse problem. To find a differing in trustworthiness are discriminated from one stable and unique solution, constraints have to be applied another. Sina Radke will use behavioral and pharmacologi- reflecting a priori assumptions on the spatial and temporal cal data to elucidate how computer-generated faces characteristics of the brain activity. MEG/EEG sparse differing in trustworthiness modulate approach and source imaging is based on a distributed source model and avoidance behavior. Anett Mau-Möller will use behavioral

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data to show how natural faces differing in trustworthiness the current study tested whether emotionally neutral faces induce freezing behavior. Jan Haaker will use psychophysio- varying in trustworthiness and dominance potentiate logical and imaging data to demonstrate how natural faces approach-avoidance. Computer-generated, validated faces of interacting individuals affect dominance and fear signaling high and low trustworthiness and dominance (-/+ learning. Together we will show how various methods can 2 SD, respectively) were used to elicit motivational reac- be used to study the behavioral and neural correlates of tions in three approach-avoidance tasks, i.e., one implicit trustworthiness and dominance processing, an exciting and and one explicit joystick-based paradigm, and an additional emerging field of research. rating task. In the joystick tasks, the movement of the joystick caused stimuli to grow (pull movement) or shrink Recognition of and memory for untrustworthy and (push movement) in size, creating the impression of moving trustworthy individuals towards or moving away from oneself. Reaction times and rating data were obtained from 50 healthy males along Lischke, Alexander (1); Weymar, Mathias (1,2); with endogenous and prenatal (2D:4D) indicators of Junge, Martin (1); Seitz, Nils (1); Wendt, Julia (1); testosterone in order to broaden our understanding of Hamm, Alfons (1) social motivational behavior. 1: Universität Greifswald, Deutschland; 2: Universität Potsdam, Deutschland Freezing in response to untrustworthy individuals

Humans are a highly social species and almost all social Mau-Moeller, Anett (1,2); Junge, Martin (3); Hamm, interactions rely upon trust, regardless whether these Alfons (3); Behrens, Martin (1); Weippert, Matthias interactions involve familiar or unfamiliar individuals. It, (1); Dreyer, Thomas (1); Feldhege, Frank (2); thus, seems reasonable to assume that evolutionary Lischke, Alexander (3,4) pressures shaped the development of neurobiological 1: Department of Sports Science, University of Rostock, mechanisms that facilitate the recognition of and memory Germany; 2: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine for untrustworthy and trustworthy individuals. To test this Rostock, Germany; 3: Department of Psychology, University of assumption, we performed a series of behavioral, psycho- Greifswald, Germany; 4: Center for Diagnostic Radiology and physiological and electrophysiological studies to investigate Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Germany how participants processed natural faces that varied in trustworthiness. Despite the absence of a clear emotional Although freezing is a common outcome measure in animal expression, participants accurately and reliably discriminat- studies investigating fear and anxiety, it has rarely been ed trustworthy from untrustworthy faces. Untrustworthy investigated in humans. However, recent studies suggest faces were better recognized and better memorized than that is not impossible to investigate freezing in humans. trustworthy faces, indicating that participants were According to these studies, humans also show body particular sensitive to untrustworthy faces. Accordingly, immobility and bradycardia in response to threat, suggest- participants showed larger late positive potentials over ing that freezing is an evolutionary conserved defensive tempo-parietal brain regions during the processing of behavior across species. In the present study, we investi- untrustworthy as compared to trustworthy faces. Taken gated, for the first time, whether social threat also elicits together, these findings suggest that humans are excep- freezing responses in humans. Using posturography, we tional sensitive to subtle cues indicating the trustworthi- investigated changes in body sway in response to trust- ness of others. worthy and untrustworthy faces in 40 healthy participants. We found a robust and significant reduction in body sway in Implicit and explicit approach-avoidance response to untrustworthy as compared to trustworthy tendencies to faces varying in trustworthiness and faces, indicating freezing in response to social threat. dominance Moreover, the reduction in body sway correlated signifi- cantly with measures of social anxiety, indicating that Radke, Sina (1); Wagels, Lisa (1); Derntl, Birgit (2) individual differences in social anxiety affect freezing 1: Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland; 2: Universität responses to social threat. Taken together, these findings Tübingen, Deutschland suggest that posturography may be a novel tool for investigating freezing responses to threat in humans. While approach-avoidance reactions to happy and angry faces are well-established, these motivational tendencies are also linked to the evaluation of objects and social targets. Grounded in the two fundamental dimensions of face-based evaluations proposed by Oosterhof & Todorov,

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Neural underpinnings of conditioned social dominance threat

Haaker, Jan (1,2); Molapour, Tanaz (2); Olsson, SYMPOSIEN FREITAG Andreas (2) 16:30-18:00 1: Univeristätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland; 2: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Schweden Stress und Bedrohung bei sozialer Angst: Social groups are organized along dominance hierarchies, which determine how we respond to threats posed by von psychobiologischen Grundlagen der dominant and subordinate others. The persuasive impact of Verarbeitung zu sozialer Interaktion these dominance threats on mental and physical well- being has been well described, but it is unknown how Bernadette von Dawans & Matthias dominance rank of others bias our experience and learning Wieser in the first place. I will present an experimental model of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Deutschland conditioned social dominance threat in humans, where the Raum: HS 1 presence of a dominant other is paired with an aversive event. Within this model, we combined learning about the Die Soziale Angststörung ist eine der häufigsten psychi- dominance rank of others with subsequent fear learning. In schen Erkrankungen. Die psychobiologische Befundlage zu three separate experiments, we show that participants‖ eye den Grundlagen der sozialen Angst (sA) und insbesondere blink startle responses and amygdala reactivity adaptively ihrer Interaktion mit akutem Stress ist jedoch heterogen. In tracked dominance of others during observation of con- einem multimodalen Ansatz präsentiert das Symposium frontation. Importantly, during fear learning dominant aktuelle Studienergebnisse dazu: Matthias Wieser zeigt in versus subordinate others elicited stronger and more seiner EEG-Studie an Hoch-Sozialängstlichen (HSÄ), persistent learned threat responses as measured by Angstsensitiven und Nicht-Ängstlichen, dass die Antizipati- physiological arousal and amygdala activity. Additionally, I on von sozialer und nicht-sozialer Bedrohung zu einer will present a following study that examined the influence generell erhöhten sensorischen Verarbeitung führt, aber of racial group belonging with dominance threats. Our wenig mit sozialer Ängstlichkeit interagiert. In einer fMRT- results characterize the neural basis of learning about Untersuchung zeigt Andrea Hermann mittels eines dominance rank in others, and how this affects subsequent Konditionierungsparadigmas, dass Patienten mit sA eine learning through direct, personal experiences. verminderte inhibitorische Aktivierung des vmPFC sowohl während des Furchtlernens als auch während intrusivem Wiedererlebens aufweisen. Bernadette von Dawans untersuchte den Einfluss sozialer und nicht-sozialer Stressoren auf Sozialverhalten und die Modulation der Effekte durch sA. Die Ergebnisse belegen Interaktionen zwischen den Stressor-Modalitäten und einen Einfluss der sA für Vertrauen. Amalie Trüg zeigt in ihrer Studie, dass bei Gesunden ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen stressin- duziertem Cortisolanstieg und positivem Sozialverhalten vorliegt. Patienten zeigen diesen Zusammenhang nur, wenn sie über gute sozialkognitive Fähigkeiten verfügen. Matthias Gamer präsentiert abschließend die Ergebnisse von zwei Untersuchungen mit HSÄ. Im Labor zeigen diese erhöhte Hautleitfähigkeitsreaktionen auf simulierten Blickkontakt. Mittels eines mobilen Eyetrackingsystems verglich die zweite Studie das Blickverhalten in einer Alltags- und einer Laborsituation. Die Probanden betrach- teten nur in der eher sicheren Laborsituation bevorzugt Menschen in ihrem Nahfeld. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Modalität des Stressors einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Perzeption und Verhalten bei klinischer und

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subklinischer sA hat. Dies gilt es bei zukünftiger Forschung Neuronale Grundlagen der Furchtkonditionierung noch stärker zu berücksichtigen. bei Sozialer Angststörung

Beeinflusst die Antizipation unterschiedlicher Hermann, Andrea; Neudert, Marie Kristin; Kruse, Bedrohung (sozial vs. körperlich) die Verarbeitung Onno; Stark, Rudolf entsprechender bedrohungs-relevanter Stimuli? Professur für Psychotherapie und Systemneurowissenschaften & Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus-Liebig-Universität Wieser, Matthias (1,2); Reicherts, Philipp (2); Gießen Juravle, Georgiana (3); von Leupoldt, Andreas (4) 1: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Niederlande; 2: Universität Aversive soziale Lernerfahrungen spielen eine zentrale Würzburg; 3: Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; 4: Katholieke Rolle für die Entstehung der Sozialen Angststörung (SAD). Universiteit Leuven Furchtkonditionierung wird dabei als zugrundeliegender Mechanismus angenommen. Auch weisen Patienten mit Die Antizipation von Bedrohung ist kennzeichnend für SAD, ähnlich wie bei der Posttraumatischen Belastungs- verschiedene Angststörungen. Dabei wird angenommen, störung, intrusives Wiedererleben bezüglich dieser Erleb- dass diese Antizipation mit einer erhöhten Vigilanz für nisse auf. In dieser funktionellen Magnetresonanztomogra- bedrohliche Reize einhergeht. Fraglich ist dabei, ob diese phie-Studie wurde mit 39 SAD-Patienten und 39 gesunden selektiv, also nur auf mit der antizipierten Bedrohung Kontrollpersonen ein differentielles Furchtkonditionie- assoziierte Stimuli, oder generell auftritt. Dazu untersuch- rungsparadigma mit störungsrelevanten sozialen Reizen ten wir Gruppen von hoch sozialängstlichen, hoch angst- durchgeführt. Dabei wurden neutrale Gesichtsausdrücke sensitiven und nicht-ängstlichen Probandinnen. Allen als konditionierte Stimuli (CS+ und CS-) sowie Filmaus- wurde dabei angedroht, später eine Rede halten zu müssen schnitte mit beleidigenden Kommentaren derselben (soziale Bedrohung) und ebenfalls später einen schmerz- Personen als unkonditionierte Stimuli (UCS) verwendet. haften elektrischen Reiz (körperliche Bedrohung) verab- SAD-Patienten zeigten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontroll- reicht zu bekommen. Während dieser Antizipationsphasen personen eine verstärkte Reaktion auf den CS-, der nicht wurden Bilder im sogenannten Flickermodus (15 Hz) mit dem UCS gekoppelt war. Auf der neuronalen Ebene präsentiert, die soziale Bedrohung, körperliche Bedrohung waren SAD-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontroll- oder neutrale Situationen darstellten, wobei das EGG personen durch eine reduzierte differentielle Aktivierung aufgezeichnet wurde. Alle Probanden zeigten eine erhöhte des ventromedialen präfrontalen Kortex (vmPFC), einer visuokortikale Verarbeitung (steady-state evoked potenti- furchtinhibierenden Region, gekennzeichnet. Intrusives als, ssVEPs) aller Stimuli unter Bedrohung. Interessanter- Wiedererleben hinsichtlich des schlimmsten aversiven weise zeigte die Analyse der late-positive potentials (LPPs), sozialen Erlebnisses ging in der Patientengruppe mit einer dass dies aber nicht mit einer tiefergehenden Verarbeitung reduzierten Aktivierung des vmPFC einher. Die Ergebnisse der Stimuli einherging. Ebenso zeigte sich eine verstärkte weisen darauf hin, dass die SAD insbesondere durch eine motivationale Aufmerksamkeit vor allem auf die sozial verminderte inhibitorische Aktivierung während des bedrohlichen Bilder. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich Furchtlernens gekennzeichnet ist. Dies könnte auch im dahingehend, dass für beide Angstgruppen die verstärkte Rahmen aversiver sozialer Erlebnisse mit verstärktem Verarbeitung der bedrohlichen Bilder mit länger andauern- Furchtlernen zusammenhängen. Dafür spricht auch, dass den LPPs assoziiert war als bei der Kontrollgruppen. Die intrusives Wiedererleben mit geringerer Aktivierung des affektiven Ratings bestätigen diese Befunde mit verstärk- vmPFC assoziiert ist. Die Entwicklung ungewollter Erinne- tem Arousal und negativeren Valenzratings für alle Bilder in rungen an aversive soziale Erlebnisse könnte somit über den Antizipationsphasen, wobei es hier einen Hinweis auf den Mechanismus der Furchtkonditionierung maßgeblich selektiv höhere Arousalratings für die sozialen Bedro- zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der SAD beitragen. hungsbilder in Antizipation der sozialen Bedrohung gibt. Zusammen mit vorhergehenden Studien zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Antizipation von Bedrohung nicht eindeutig zu einer selektiven verstärkten Wahrnehmung von dazu passenden Bedrohungsreizen führen muss, sondern eher mit einer generellen erhöhten sensorischen Verarbeitung einhergeht.

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Effekte von sozialem und nicht-sozialem Stress Interaktionsverhalten nach Stress und auf Sozialverhalten unter Berücksichtigung sozialer modulierende Effekte von Empathie bei Sozialer Angst Angststörung von Dawans, Bernadette (1); Trüg, Amalie (1); Trüg, Amalie A. (1); Voncken, Marisol (2); Hofmann, Kirschbaum, Clemens (2); Fischbacher, Urs (3); Stefan G. (3); Kirschbaum, Clemens (4); Heinrichs, Heinrichs, Markus (1) Markus (1); von Dawans, Bernadette (1) 1: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Deutschland; 2: TU 1: Universität Freiburg, Deutschland; 2: Maastricht Unversity, Dresden; 3: Universität Konstanz Netherlands; 3: Boston University, USA; 4: Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland Studien zu den Auswirkungen von Stress auf Sozialverhal- ten zeigen, dass sowohl die Charakteristika des Stressors Obwohl Stress und Anspannung in sozialen Situationen Teil als auch personenspezifische Variablen bei den Effekten der Symptomatik von Sozialer Angststörung (SAS) sind, eine Rolle spielen. Da viele Studien sozial-evaluative weiß man bisher wenig über den Zusammenhang von Stressoren nutzen, könnte die Ausprägung der sozialen Stress und sozialem Interaktionsverhalten bei dieser Ängstlichkeit für verhaltensbahnende Effekte bedeutend Erkrankung. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für gelungene sein. Gleichzeitig stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob nicht die soziale Interaktionen sind sozial-kognitive Fähigkeiten, wie soziale Komponente von Stressoren entscheidend für die kognitive und emotionale Empathie. In der vorliegenden Verstärkung von prosozialem Verhalten ist, wie sie bereits Studie wurde untersucht, wie sich akuter Stress auf das belegt wurde. Die Faktoren soziale Bewertung (vs. keine soziale Interaktionsverhalten von gesunden Probanden und Bewertung) und Kälte (vs. Wärme) wurden für die Stressin- Personen mit SAS auswirkt, unter Berücksichtigung der duktion mittels eines bereits evaluierten Paradigmas Empathiefähigkeit. In einem standardisiert-kontrollierten genutzt. 100 gesunde Männer wurden randomisiert den Studiendesign wurden 60 Probanden mit SAS und 53 vier Bedingungen zugewiesen und dabei bezüglich ihrer Gesunde randomisiert der Stress- bzw. Kontrollbedingung Ausprägung in sozialer Ängstlichkeit stratifiziert. Um des Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G) zugeord- soziales Verhalten zu untersuchen wurde ein Paradigma net. Im Anschluss wurde das Interaktionsverhalten mithilfe aus der Verhaltensökonomie eingesetzt, welches Vertrau- eines alltagnahen Gesprächsparadigmas und eines en, Vertrauenswürdigkeit, Teilen, Bestrafung und Risiko standardisierten Laborexperimentes erhoben. Kognitive misst. Vor allem der Faktor Kälte führte zu signifikanten und emotionale Empathie wurden über den Multifacteted psychobiologischen Stressreaktionen während soziale Empathy Test (MET) erfasst. Die Stressinduktion führte bei Bewertung einen Anstieg der Herzrate sowie subjektiver Patienten und Gesunden zu signifikanten Anstiegen in Anspannung und Stress bewirkte. Die Interaktion beider subjektivem Stress, Cortisol und Herzrate. Die Gesunden Faktoren erhöhte die kardiovaskuläre Reaktion. Soziale zeigten verbessertes Interaktionsverhalten mit zunehmen- Ängstlichkeit modulierte die subjektive Stressreaktion, der Cortisolreaktion auf Stress. Dieser positive Effekt von nicht aber die physiologische. Bezüglich der Verhaltensma- Stress zeigte sich bei den SAS-Patienten nicht. Im Gegen- ße zeigte sich unter sozialer Bewertung ein geringeres teil, sie verhielten sich unter Stress weniger prosozial als in Ausmaß an Risikoverhalten sowie signifikante Interaktio- der Kontrollbedingung. Dieser Effekt von Stress auf das nen der Faktoren Kälte x soziale Bewertung bezüglich Verhalten wurde bei den Patienten zudem von der kogniti- Vertrauen, Vertrauenswürdigkeit und Teilen. Soziale ven Empathiefähigkeit (kE) moduliert: Während SAS- Ängstlichkeit modulierte lediglich die Höhe des Vertrauens. Patienten mit geringer kE nach Stress weniger prosozial Die Ergebnisse bestätigen Befunde bei Patienten mit handelten und schlechteres Gesprächsverhalten zeigten als sozialer Angst, die bereits eine normale physiologische aber in der Kontrollbedingung, zeigten sich diese ungünstigen erhöhte subjektive Stressreaktion belegen. Die differentiel- Effekte von Stress bei Patienten mit hoher kE nicht. Sozial- le Modulation des Sozialverhaltens durch die verschiedenen kognitive Fähigkeiten scheinen bei Patienten mit SAS die Stressmodalitäten zeigt, dass Untersuchungen zu den soziale Reaktion auf Stress zu modulieren und eine Mechanismen der Verhaltenseffekte von Stress weiterhin ‗normalisierte― Verhaltensreaktion auf Stress zu ermögli- die Stress-Modalität berücksichtigen sowie psychobiologi- chen. sche Zusammenhänge aufklären sollten.

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Wie beeinflusst soziale Angst die Aufmerksamkeit auf Mitmenschen? Molekulargenetik interindividueller Gamer, Matthias; Rubo, Marius Differenzen Universität Würzburg, Deutschland Martin Reuter Soziale Ängste sind weit verbreitet und soziale Angststö- Universität Bonn, Deutschland rungen gehören zu den am häufigsten diagnostizierten Raum: A 9/10 psychischen Störungen in epidemiologischen Untersuchun- gen. Die Vermeidung der Betrachtung der Augenregion "Interindividuelle Differenzen menschlichen Verhaltens anderer Menschen oder sogar eine generelle Vermeidung haben erwiesenermaßen eine stark erbliche Komponente der Exploration von Gesichtern sind häufig genannte und dies unabhängig davon, ob es um kognitive, affektive Symptome im klinischen Kontext. Laborstudien konnten oder soziale Prozesse im Normalbereich oder die Erklärung dieses Aufmerksamkeitsmuster jedoch nur teilweise psychopathologischer Zustände geht. Die Gene, die diese bestätigen und fanden sogar gegenläufige Befunde im Erblichkeit ausmachen, haben sowohl einen Einfluss auf die Sinne einer erhöhten Aufmerksamkeit auf Gesichter oder Stoffwechselprozesse als auch auf die neuronalen Schalt- die Augenregion bei sozial ängstlichen Probanden. Ein kreise des Gehirns (Fiebach). In der molekulargenetischen Grund für diese Diskrepanz könnte in der üblicherweise Forschung wird versucht, Gen-Phänotyp-Assoziationen zu geringen Bedrohlichkeit der Untersuchungssituation liegen. identifizieren und darüber hinaus auch die Funktionalität Um diesen Aspekt genauer zu beleuchten, wurden über ein der Gene nachzuweisen. umfangreiches Online-Screening Personen mit unter- Das vorliegende Symposium stellt neue Erkenntnisse der schiedlichen Ausprägungen sozialer Ängstlichkeit rekrutiert. molekulargenetischen Forschung vor und zeigt neue In einer Laborstudie (n = 72), in der die soziale Bedrohlich- Forschungsperspektiven auf, die die Genetik mit anderen keit über die Antizipation sozialer Interaktionen manipuliert neurowissenschaftlichen Methoden verbindet, um die wurde, zeigten sich zwar stärkere Hautleitfähigkeitsreakti- Grundlagen von Unterschieden im menschlichen Verhalten onen auf simulierten Blickkontakt bei sozial ängstlichen zu ergründen. Es werden neben genetischen Assoziations- Probanden, Unterschiede im visuellen Explorationsverhal- studien genetische Bildgebungsstudien (Fiebach) und ten konnten jedoch nicht festgestellt werden. In einer experimentelle und klinische Ansätze präsentiert. In zwei unabhängigen Untersuchung (n = 58) wurden Probanden Beiträgen geht es um Emotionsverarbeitung (Deris, mit einer sozialen Situation außerhalb des Labors konfron- Armbruster). Die Bedeutung genetischer Marker für tiert (Bahnhofshalle), während ihre Augenbewegungen Persönlichkeit (Reuter) wird ebenso thematisiert wie mittels eines mobilen Eyetracking-Systems erfasst genetische Risikofaktoren für psychische Erkrankungen, die wurden. Einer zweiten, gematchten Gruppe wurden die aus auch die Rekonvaleszenz vorhersagen können (Felten). der Ich-Perspektive aufgenommenen Videos im Labor Das Symposium soll aufzeigen, dass genetische Forschung präsentiert. Hier ergab sich eine interessante Diskrepanz elementar für die neurowissenschaftliche Forschung ist, zwischen der sozial bedrohlicheren Situation des alltägli- aber dass die Kombination vieler Methoden der vielver- chen Lebens und der eher sicheren Laborsituation. In sprechendste Weg ist." ersterer zeigten Probanden mit höherer Ausprägung sozialer Ängste im Gegensatz zur Laborsituation keine Genetische Kontrolle der dynamischen Bevorzugung für die Betrachtung anderer Menschen in Netzwerkrekonfiguration des menschlichen ihrem Nahfeld. Diese Befunde verdeutlichen Probleme der Gehirns Generalisierung von Resultaten, die in stark kontrollierten Laborkontexten gewonnen wurden, auf das Verhalten von Ekman, Matthias (1); Tittgemeyer, Marc (2); Personen mit sozialen Ängsten im Alltag. Basten, Ulrike (3); Fiebach, Christian (3,4) 1: Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; 2: Max-Planck-Institut für Stoffwechselforschung, Köln; 3: Institut für Psychologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland; 4: IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main

Unterschiede in der Hirnkonnektivität werden häufig (z.B. mittels Ruhe- bzw. resting state fMRT) als eine statische

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 39

Eigenschaft des Gehirns beschrieben, etwa zur Charakteri- gebracht werden konnte. Es wurden elf Einzelnukleotidpo- sierung pathologischer Zustände. Allerdings wissen wir, lymorphismen (SNPs) auf dem CHRNA4-Gen untersucht. dass sich Konnektivitätszustände des Gehirns dynamisch Als Maß für moralische Beurteilungen wurden 24 interper- verändern; diese Eigenschaft wird beispielsweise mit der sonelle Szenarien von n=234 Probanden bezüglich ihrer Fähigkeit des Gehirns, seine unterschiedlichen Konfigurati- Verwerflichkeit beurteilt. Die Szenarien variierten in ihrem onen zu explorieren, in Zusammenhang gebracht. Jedoch Ausgang (Schaden vs. kein Schaden) und in der Überzeu- sind diejenigen Mechanismen, welche die Transitionen gung des Protagonisten über den Handlungsausgang zwischen Hirnzuständen kontrollieren, noch weitgehend (negativ: Protagonist glaubte, dass er/sie Schaden verursa- unbekannt. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir chen würde, positiv: Protagonist glaubte, dass er/sie keinen mittels resting state-fMRT den Beitrag genetischer Schaden verursachen würde). Die Genotypen der einzelnen Variation zur flexiblen Rekonfiguration spontaner Hirnakti- SNPs wurden zunächst univariat mit Unterschieden in der vitätszustände. Zeitaufgelöste resting state-Konnektivität moralischen Beurteilung über die verschiedenen Bedingun- wurde für das gesamte Gehirn berechnet und in einen gen hinweg assoziiert. Bei drei SNPs kann ein signifikanter Zustandsraum (‗state space―) projiziert, welcher für jedes Zusammenhang gezeigt werden. Das bedeutet, dass Hirnareal (Netzwerkknoten) den zeitlichen Verlauf der Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Genotypen dieselben dynamischen Entwicklung von inter-modularer vs. intra- interpersonellen Situationen moralisch unterschiedlich modularer Konnektivität abbildet. Eine graphentheoretische bewerten. Zusätzliche Haplotypanalysen, bei denen die Analyse des resultierenden Netzwerks von Zustandsüber- genetische Information von sich im Linkage befindli- gängen zeigte, dass sich Hirnregionen deutlich hinsichtlich chen SNPs aggregiert wurde, unterstützen die Ergebnisse der realisierten Konnektivitätszustände unterschieden, eines Zusammenhangs zwischen dem CHRNA4-Gen und wobei der Präfrontalcortex den größten Range unter- moralischen Beurteilungen. Insgesamt liefern die Ergebnis- schiedlicher Konnektivitätszustände realisierte. Darüber se dieser Studie Hinweise auf eine genetische Grundlage hinaus konnten wir zeigen, dass zwei dopaminerge moralischer Beurteilungen und einen Zusammenhang Genpolymorphismen – Catechol-O-Methyltransferase dieser mit dem cholinergen System. Diese Befunde werden (COMT) Val158Met und DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIa (DRD2) – vor dem Hintergrund der cholinergen Hypothese negativer einen Einfluss darauf haben, wie leicht der PFC zwischen Emotionalität diskutiert." Konnektivitätszuständen wechseln kann. Unsere Ergebnis- se legen nahe, dass dopaminerge Genvariationen die Aus dem Takt? Variationen in Clock-Genen und Fähigkeit unseres Gehirns zur dynamischen Netzwerkre- emotionale Reaktivität konfiguration beeinflussen. Armbruster, Diana (1); Grage, Tobias (1); Witt, Genetische Aspekte moralischen Urteilens: Die Stephanie (2); Lesch, Klaus-Peter (3); Strobel, Bedeutung des CHRNA4-Gens Alexander (1) 1: TU Dresden, Deutschland; 2: ZI Mannheim, Deutschland; 3: Deris, Nadja (1); Melchers, Martin (1); Felten, Universität Würzburg, Deutschland Andrea (1); Plieger, Thomas (1); Zamoscik, Vera (2); Kirsch, Peter (2); Colzato, Lorenza (3); Reuter, Dysfunktionale Veränderungen der circadianen Rhythmik sind wiederholt bei Patienten mit affektiven Störungen, Martin (1) insbesondere Majorer Depression, Bipolarer Störung und 1: Universität Bonn, Deutschland; 2: Universität Heidelberg, Saisonal-Affektiver Störung, berichtet worden. Circadiane Mannheim; 3: Universität Leiden, Niederlande Rhythmen werden durch einen evolutionär hochgradig "Die moralische Beurteilung von Handlungen im zwischen- konservierten internen Oszillator – eine biologische Uhr – menschlichen Bereich unterscheidet sich situationsabhän- gesteuert. Deren molekulare Basis ist eine Transkriptions- gig und variiert zwischen Personen. So konnten vorange- Feedbackschleife mit einer Periode von ca. 24h, die in der gangene Studien zeigen, dass sowohl antizipierte negative rhythmischen Expression sog. Clock-Gene resultiert. Emotionen als auch Persönlichkeitstraits wie Ängstlichkeit Polymorphismen in den Clock-Genen können die Funktio- moralische Bewertungen vorhersagen können. Die vorlie- nalität der biologischen Uhr nachhaltig beeinflussen. gende Studie versucht, die genetischen Grundlagen für Aufgrund des Zusammenhangs zwischen veränderter interindividuelle Differenzen in moralischem Urteilen circadianer Rhythmik und affektiven Störungen wird aufzudecken. Dafür wurde das CHRNA4-Gen (nikotinerger wiederum angenommen, dass genetische Variation in den Acetylcholinrezeptor Untereinheit 4) betrachtet, welches in Clock-Genen nicht nur die biologische Uhr sondern auch der bisherigen Forschung mit negativer Emotionalität, emotionale Parameter modulieren kann. Sowohl Befunde sowie Harm Avoidance und Depression in Verbindung in klinischen Stichproben als auch parallele Studien mit

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Tiermodellen bestätigen diese Annahme für ausgewählte Genotyp in Zusammenhang bringen, deuten die Ergebnisse Clock-Gene. Zunehmend stehen gesunde Probanden im der vorliegenden Studie darauf hin, dass hohe Noradrena- Fokus der Forschung zu Clock-Variationen und Emotionali- linspiegel auch mit hohen RD-Werten einhergehen. tät. Die aktuelle Studie untersucht den Einfluss von Zukünftige Studien müssen u.a. auch der Frage nachgehen, Polymorphismen in CLOCK, PER1 und PER3 auf physiologi- wie DBH und Noradrenalinspiegel von der Verfügbarkeit sche Indikatoren affektiver Reaktivität. N = 110 gesunde, von Dopamin abhängen." junge Frauen nahmen an einem Emotionsparadigma teil, in dessen Verlauf EKG, EMG (Zygomaticus, Corrugator), der Genetische Variationen auf dem Startle-Reflex sowie Fragebogendaten zu Persönlichkeit Noradrenalintransportergen sagen die Remission und biologischer Rhythmik erhoben wurden. Der potentielle von Depressionen vorher: Ergebnisse einer 2- Einfluss der genetischen Polymorphismen auf die peripher- Jahres-Katamnesestudie physiologischen Maße sowie Interaktionen mit Saisonalität werden diskutiert. Felten, Andrea; Deris, Nadja; Plieger, Thomas; Melchers, Martin; Reuter, Martin Assoziation zwischen einer funktionellen Universität Bonn, Deutschland Genvariante auf dem Dopamin-β-Hydroxylase Gen und Reward Dependence in zwei unabhängigen "Selektive Noradrenalinwiederaufnahmehemmer (NARIs) stellen eine Gruppe modernerAntidepressiva dar, die ihre Stichproben therapeutischen Effekte durch eine Blockade der Noradre- Reuter, Martin (1); Melchers, Martin (1); Felten, nalintransporter und einer damit einhergehenden Erhöhung Andrea (1); Markett, Sebastian (1); Montag, Christi- der Noradrenalinspiegel im synaptischen Spalt erreichen. Zahlreichemolekulargenetische Studien konnten bereits an (2); Plieger, Thomas (1) Assoziationen zwischen Polymorphismen des Noradrenal- 1: Universität Bonn, Deutschland; 2: Universität Ulm, intransportergens (SLC6A2), Depression und der Ansprech- Deutschland barkeitauf eine pharmakologische Therapie in klinischen "Robert Cloningers biosoziale Persönlichkeitstheorie Studien aufzeigen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den postuliert eine biologische Basis für die basalen Tempera- prognostischen Nutzen genetischer Marker auf dem mentseigenschaften des Menschen. Mit Hinblick auf die SLC6A2 Gen für die Verbesserung von depressiven Symp- Dimension Reward Dependence (RD), die durch eine tomen in einer Katamnesestudie. N=174 Teilnehmer der Tendenz charakterisiert ist, Verhalten aufrecht zu erhalten, Bonner Burnout Studie nahmen an der Nachfolgebefragung das bereits in der Vergangenheit meist durch die soziale zwei Jahre nach der initialen Rekrutierung und Entnahme Umwelt belohnt wurde, postulierte er z.B. niedrige Norad- derGenprobe teil. Die Probanden füllten zum zweiten renalinspiegel. Es gibt einige endokrinologische und Messzeitpunkt erneut das Beck Depressions Inventar (BDI- genetische Studien, die diese Hypothese stützen. Die II) aus. Wirgenotypisierten für insgesamt acht Punktmuta- aktuelle Studie versucht hier einen weiteren Beitrag zu tionen (SNPs), die 31 kb desSLC6A2-Gens abdecken und leisten, indem der potentielle Einfluss zwischen dem single führten neben univariaten Analysen auch Haplotypanaly- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1611115 (C-970T, früher sen durch. Drei SNPs sagten sowohl einzeln als auch in auch bekannt als C-1021T) auf dem Dopamin-β- einemgemeinsamen Haplotyp einen signifikanten Rück- Hydroxylase (DBH) Gen und RD getestet wird. DBH ist ein gang der Depressionssymptomatikvoraus. Die Ergebnisse Enzym, das entscheidend für die Synthese des Neuro- blieben selbst nach Kontrolle von Ausgangslagenunter- transmitters Noradrenalin ist, indem es die oxidative schieden und weiterer potentieller Störvariablen konstant. Hydroxilierung von Dopamin zu Noradrenalin katalysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Katamnesestudie stützen anhand In zwei unabhängigen Stichproben (N = 1144 und N = 826) grundlagen wissenschaftlicher Daten, d.h. in Abhängigkeit gesunder Probanden ergaben sich signifikante Geneffekte vom SLC6A2 Haplotyp, die Berechtigung von NARIs fürdie (p ≤ 0.0001 und p ≤ 0.05). Träger mindestens eines C Allels Behandlung von Depressionen. Neben der zu analysieren- (Genotypen CC und CT) zeigten signifikant höhere RD- den Funktionalität der SNPs müssen Folgestudien nun Werte als Probanden, die homozygot für das T Allel waren testen, ob ein genetisches Screening dervorgeschlagenen (Genotyp TT). Genvarianten auch den Therapieerfolg mit NARIs vorher- Obwohl die generelle Hypothese eines Zusammenhangs sagt." zwischen RD und Noradrenalin bestätigt werden konn- te, widerspricht die Richtung des gefundenen Effekts Cloningers Annahmen. Basierend auf früheren funktionel- len Studien, die eine geringe Enzymaktivität mit dem TT

43. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn | Trier 2017 41

Interozeption und Stress: die Zusammenhang zwischen interozeptiver Genauigkeit und kardiovaskulärer Veränderung Psychophysiologie der bi-direktionalen nach akutem Stress bei gesunden Frauen Kommunikation auf der Hirn-Körper- Rost, Silke; van Dyck, Zoé; Schulz, André; Vögele, Achse Claus André Schulz Universität Luxemburg, Luxemburg Universität Luxemburg, Luxemburg "Einleitung:Interozeption als afferente und Stressverarbei- Raum: A 8 tung als efferente Informationsverarbeitung können als Gehirn und Körper tauschen permanent Informationen aus. komplementär hinsichtlich der Kommunikation zwischen Interozeption, die Wahrnehmung von Körperprozessen, ist Körper und Gehirn verstanden werden. Es wurde gezeigt, ein wichtiges Beispiel für aufsteigende Informationsüber- dass stressbedingte veränderte kardiovaskuläre Prozesse mittlung vom Körper zum Gehirn. Stress wiederum kann als mit veränderter Interozeption zusammenhängen und in prototypisch für absteigende Informationen vom Gehirn körperlichen Beschwerden resultieren können. Wenig zum Körper gesehen werden. Eine Veränderung der erforscht ist in diesem Kontext jedoch die psychologische Kommunikation auf der Hirn-Körper-Achse kann zur sowie physiologische Erregung, welche mit einem akuten Entstehung körperlicher Symptome bei psychischen mentalen Stressor einhergeht. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie Störungen führen. Neueste Theorien zu Interozeption ist es, diese Lücke zu schließen und den Zusammenhang weisen darauf hin, dass es sich nicht um ein uniformes zwischen interozeptiver Genauigkeit und kardiovaskulärer Konstrukt handelt, sondern in die Facetten ‚Bewusstheit‘ Reaktivität und Erholung nach einem mentalen Stressor in (Awareness), ‚Sensibilität‘ (Sensibility), ‚Genauigkeit‘ einer gesunden Stichprobe zu untersuchen. (Accuracy) und ZNS-Repräsentation afferenter Körpersig- Methode: Es wurde die Pulsfrequenz von 69 Frauen nale separiert werden kann. Körperliche Symptome können (MAlter = 24.20 Jahre, Range 18-50 Jahre; MBMI = 23.19, aus der selektiven Veränderung weniger Facetten entste- Range 17.19-34.48) zur späteren Bestimmung der hen. Stress kann differenziert werden in psychologische Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) gemessen. Zur Bestimmung der (selbstberichteten Stress), sowie physiologische Kompo- interozeptiven Genauigkeiten führten die Teilnehmerinnen nenten, wie die Aktivität der beiden physiologischen eine Herzschlagzählaufgabe durch und als mentalen Stressachsen, des autonomen Nervensystems und der Stressor setzten wir eine choice reaction time task (CRTT) HPA-Achse. In diesem Symposium werden erstmals ein. Die Pulsfrequenz wurde während der CRTT sowie Erkenntnisse zum Zusammenhang von Interozeption und während einer 10-minütigen Erholungsphase aufgezeich- Stress auf allen Beobachtungsebenen integriert. Zunächst net um Werte der kardiovaskulären Stressreaktivität und – werden Zusammenhänge von akuter Stressreaktivität und erholung zu erfassen. –Erholung mit ‚Interozeptiver Genauigkeit‘ bei gesunden Ergebnisse: DieErgebnisse zeigten keinen Zusammenhang Probanden diskutiert (van Dyck/Luxemburg). Anschließend zwischen interozeptiver Genauigkeit und HRV-Reaktivität werden Erkenntnisse zu chronischem Stress, ‚Interozepti- auf akuten mentalen Stress (r = .042, p = .785). Der ver Bewusstheit‘ und gesundheitlichen Beschwerden bei Zusammenhang zwischen interozeptiver Genauigkeit und Angestellten präsentiert (Trojan/Landau). Danach wird die kardiovaskulärer Stresserholung nach der CRTT war ZNS-Repräsentation von Körpersignalen und ‚Interozeptive negativ (r = -.377; p = .012). Genauigkeit‘ bei Kindern und Jugendlichen besprochen Diskussion: Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie liefern (Mai/Ulm), da sich das Jugendalter als entwicklungsbeding- erste Hinweise dafür, dass eine gute Interozeptionsfähig- te Phase besonderer Stressvulnerabilität erweist. Im der keit mit einer besseren kardiovaskulären Erholung nach folgenden Studie wird ‚Interozeptive Genauigkeit‘, Stress- einem mentalen Stressor zusammenhängen, d.h. kardi- belastung und –reaktivität bei Erwachsenen mit einer ovaskuläre Prozesse positiv beeinflussen kann. Interven- Trennungserfahrung der Eltern im Kindesalter als Stressor tionen zur Verbesserung der Interozeptionsfähigkeit untersucht (Schaan/Luxemburg). Abschließend werden könnten kardiovaskuläre Erholung erleichtern und das Daten zu ZNS-Repräsentation von Körpersignalen und damit einhergehende Risiko zukünftiger Herz-Kreislauf- HPA-Achsenaktivität bei posttraumatischer Belastungs- Probleme verringern." störung präsentiert (Müller/Heidelberg). Letztlich wird eine Synthese der Einzelbefunde in eine erweiterte Theorie zu Interozeption und Stress diskutiert.

42 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Die Auswirkungen von Arbeitsbelastung und pektes in Zusammenhang mit Interozeption von großer Interozeptionsfähigkeit auf gesundheitliche Bedeutsamkeit. Interozeptive Wahrnehmung kann mit Hilfe des herzschlagevozierten Potenzials (HEP) untersucht Beschwerden. werden. Das HEP wird als Indikator für die kortikale Trojan, Jörg; Ketterer, Nadine; Schröder, Annette Verarbeitung kardialer interozeptiver Signale betrachtet. Universität Koblenz-Landau, Deutschland Studien, welche interozeptive Prozesse bei Jugendlichen unter Betrachtung des HEP untersuchten, sind den Das Modell der beruflichen Gratifikationskrisen nimmt an, Autoren bislang nicht bekannt. Vor diesem Hintergrund dass ein ungünstiges Verhältnis zwischen beruflicher setzte sich die vorliegende Arbeit die Erforschung kardio- Verausgabung und Belohnung (effort-reward imbalance, afferenter Signalverarbeitungsprozesse bei Jugendlichen ERI) sowie eine hohe Verausgabungsbereitschaft (over- anhand des HEP zum Ziel. Es sollte untersucht werden, ob commitment, OC) zu negativen gesundheitlichen Folgen die HEP-Amplitude durch die Fähigkeit der interozeptiven führen können. Umgekehrt wird die oft als Interozeptions- Akkuranz in der Herzschlagwahrnehmung moduliert wird. fähigkeit bezeichnete Fähigkeit, im Körper ablaufende Zudem sollte ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorgänge wahrzunehmen und angemessen einzuordnen, HEP und der metakognitiven Akkuranz überprüft werden. als potentiell gesundheitsförderlich angesehen. Diese An einer Stichprobe von N =46 Jugendlichen im Alter beiden Konzepte wurden bisher allerdings noch nicht zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren wurden ein EEG und EKG gemeinsam betrachtet. Aus einer umfangreicheren Studie während eines Herzwahrnehmungstests abgeleitet. Die wurde eine Teilstichprobe von N = 338 Angestellten (Alter Probanden wurden zudem hinsichtlich einer Einschätzung 37±10 Jahre, 257 weiblich, 283 mindestens Hochschulrei- ihrer interozeptiven metakognitiven Akkuranz befragt. Es fe) ausgewählt, von denen vollständige Datensätze der zeigten sich signifikant positive Zusammenhänge zwischen Kurzfassung des Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, der Höhe der HEP-Amplituden über frontalen Elektroden- des Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive clustern und der interozeptiven Akkuranz der Jugendlichen. Awareness (MAIA) sowie des Patient Health Questionnaire Zudem fand sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen (PHQ-15) vorlagen. Die Einflüsse der des ERI, des OC und der Höhe der HEP-Amplituden über frontalen und fron- der MAIA-Skalen auf die Anzahl der im PHQ berichteten tocentralen Elektrodenclustern und der metakognitiven Beschwerden sowie die Beziehungen der Skalen unterei- Akkuranz. Die Befunde illustrieren die Bedeutung des HEP nander wurden regressionsanalytisch untersucht. In als neuronaler Marker zur Untersuchung kardialer intero- separaten Regressionsmodellen klärten die MAIA-Skalen zeptiver Verarbeitungsprozesse bei Jugendlichen. Die mehr Varianz an der Anzahl der Beschwerden auf als die Nutzung des HEP als möglicher Indikator zur Früherken- Kombination aus ERI und OC. In einem Gesamtmodell nung stressbedingter Erkrankungen im Kindes- und klärten ERI, OC und MAIA-Skalen gemeinsam mehr Varianz Jugendalter sollte im Rahmen zukünftiger Studien näher an der Anzahl der Beschwerden auf als in den jeweiligen betrachtet werden." separaten Modellen zusammengenommen. Signifikante Beiträge lieferten dabei ERI, OC sowie die MAIA-Skalen Langzeitkonsequenzen von frühkindlichem Stress: "Sich-Keine-Sorgen-Machen" und "Vertrauen", die ein quadratischer Zusammenhang zwischen Stress positives, vertrauensvolles Verhältnis zum eigenen Körper und Interozeptionsfähigkeit kodieren. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich, dass Aspekte des Schaan, Violetta; Schulz, André; Vögele, Claus Körperbewusstseins und der Interozeptionsfähigkeit Universität Luxemburg, Luxemburg unabhängig von beruflichen Rahmenbedingungen einen eigenständigen, gesundheitsförderlichen Beitrag leisten "Traumatische Belastungen während der Kindheit können können. das Risiko für die Entwicklung unsicherer Bindungsstile erhöhen, die bereits mit langfristigen psychischen und Interozeptive Akkuranz und das körperlichen Gesundheitsproblemen in Beziehung gebracht herzschlagevozierte Potenzial bei Jugendlichen wurden. Die zugrundeliegenden Prozesse sind allerdings noch weitestgehend unklar. Da interozeptive Signale die Mai, Sandra; Georgiou, Eleana; Pollatos, Olga Regulation negativer Emotionen als Reaktion auf sozialer Universität Ulm, Deutschland Zurückweisung begünstigen können, die infolge einer "Das Kindes- und Jugendalter beinhaltet verschiedene Stressbelastung verändert sein könnten, wurde insbeson- entwicklungsbedingte Phasen erhöhter Vulnerabilität, in dere der Effekt von kindlichem Stress auf Interozeption welchen eine erhöhte Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit für untersucht. stressbedingte psychische und körperliche Erkrankungen Wir präsentieren zwei Studien, die den Zusammenhang besteht. Somit ist die Untersuchung des Entwicklungsas- zwischen kindlichem Stress und Gesundheit im Erwachse-

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nenalter sowie Körperwahrnehmung und Gedächtnisfähig- rung (PTBS) zu vergleich. Die Herzschlag-evozierten keit untersuchen. Potentiale (HEP) im Ruhe-EEG als Indikator für die afferen- In der ersten Studie nahmen 199 Teilnehmer an einer ter Signalweitergabe und die Cortisol-Aufwachreaktion Onlineumfrage teil, bei der Gesundheit, frühkindliches (CAR) als Indikator für die efferente Signalweitergabe und Trauma, Resilienz und Zurückweisungssensitivität gemes- Stressreagibilität wurden von N=21 medikations-freien sen wurden. Teilnehmer mit geschiedenen Eltern berichte- BPS Patientinnen, N=21 medikations-freien PTBS Patien- ten erhöhte psychische Belastungswerte, kindliches tinnen sowie N=18 gesunden Frauen erhoben. Kindliche Trauma, Zurückweisungssensitivität und weniger Resilienz. Traumatisierung wurde zusätzlich mit einem Fragebogen Die Beziehung zwischen elterlicher Scheidung und psychi- erhoben. Verglichen mit den BPS Patienten, besitzen PTBS scher Gesundheit konnte vollständig durch diese vier Patientinnen signifikant höhere HEPs (P=.024) und Faktoren erklärt werden (Varianzaufklärung 44%). niedrigere CARs (P=.003) während die HEPs und die CARs In einer zweiten Studie wurden bei 60 Teilnehmern von gesunden Probanden zwischen beiden Patienten verschiedene Selbstberichts-Parameter erhoben und die Gruppen lagen. Kindliche Traumatisierung korrelierte positiv Gedächtnis- und Interozeptionsfähigkeit (Schandry mit den HEPs in der PTBS Gruppe (R=.28) während die Herzschlagwahrnehmungstest/EKG) vor und nach einem Korrelation in der BPS Gruppe negativ ausgerichtet war sozial-evaluativen Kaltwasser-Stresstest untersucht. Die (R=-.28). Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein unterschiedliche Reaktion des autonomen Nervensystems wurde mithilfe Gehirn-Körper Interaktion bei zwei sich zum Teil überlap- von Herzraten- und Blutdruckvariabilität bestimmt. penden traumaassoziierten psychischen Erkrankungen. Erwachsene mit einer Vorgeschichte von elterlicher Dies spricht für wichtige neurophysiologische und endokri- Trennung berichteten mehr bindungsbezogene Angst und nologische Unterschiede sowie die Entwicklung diagnose- Vermeidung als Kontrollpersonen. Das Erlebnis einer spezifischer Körperwahrnehmungstherapien. elterlichen Scheidung war negativ mit der Gedächtnisleis- tung nach dem Stresstest korreliert. Weiterhin weisen die Ergebnisse auf einen quadratischen Zusammenhang zwischen kindlicher Stressbelastung und Interozeptionsfä- higkeit hin. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen könnte ein ‚gesunder Normbereich‘ der Interozeptionsfähigkeit existieren. Kindlicher Stress könnte sowohl eine Verringe- rung, als auch eine Erhöhung der Interozeptionsfähigkeit bewirken, was beides mit gesundheitlichen Problemen assoziiert sein könnte."

Unterschiede in der Gehirn-Körper Interaktion bei Patienten mit kindlicher Traumatisierung: Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und Post- traumatische Belastungsstörung

Müller, Laura Elisa; Monzer, Nelly; Kolbenschlag, Christina; Herpertz, Sabine; Bertsch, Katja Uniklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland

Die Fähigkeit eigene Emotionen wahrzunehmen und zu regulieren sowie der adäquate Umgang mit Stresssituatio- nen ist stark mit der Verarbeitung afferenter Körpersignale (Interozeption) sowie der efferenten Gehirn-Körper- Interaktion assoziiert. Patienten mit einer Borderline- Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) zeigen Veränderungen in der Verarbeitung afferenter sowie der Weitergabe efferenter Signale. Die Spezifität dieser Ergebnisse ist unklar. Ziel der vorliegenden Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) Studie war es die kortikale Verarbeitung afferenter Körpersignale sowie die efferente Signal Weitergabe von Patienten mit BPS mit der von Patienten mit Post-Traumatischer Belastungsstö-

44 Symposien | PuG Trier 2017

Individual differences and neural correlates of SYMPOSIEN SAMSTAG shape and texture contributions to the recognition 09:00-10:30 of personally familiar faces

Kaufmann, Jürgen M. (1,2); Itz, Marlena L. (1,2); News from face and person perception: Schweinberger, Stefan R. (1,2) 1: Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Linking electrocortical activity, emotion, Jena, Germany; 2: DFG Research Unit Person Perception, and behavior Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany Florian Bublatzky We tested effects of reduced identity information in either Universität Mannheim, Germany shape or texture on personally familiar face recognition. Raum: HS 1 Stimuli were derived from images captured with a 3D camera-system. Behavioural data and event-related The human face informs about other people‖s identity, potentials (ERPs) were analysed. In Experiment 1, partici- emotional states, and intentions. Given the importance to pants performed a face familiarity task on personally efficiently ―read and understand‖ facial information, various familiar and unfamiliar faces, shown as i) original images, brain systems have been suggested to be specialized for including shape and texture information; ii) ‘shape masks’, the analyses of visual facial appearance, recognition of based on 3D vertices; and iii) flattened ‘texture maps’. person identity and facial emotions. These functions are Performance was best for original faces, followed by crucial for social communication; however, the timing and texture maps, and poorest for shape masks. N250 famili- the extent to which relevant systems interact remains arity effects were largest for original faces, reduced for debated. With a particular focus on the temporal dynamics texture maps, and non-significant for shape masks. in face and person perception, this symposium comprises Experiment 2 used a similar design, with the difference that research on electrocortical activity (EEG/ERP) and its ‘shape-only’ stimuli now consisted of individual shape relation to self-reported information (e.g., ratings, ques- combined with an average texture, whereas ‘texture-only’ tionnaires), peripheral physiological (e.g., startle reflex, SCR) faces showed individual texture combined with an average and behavioral responding (e.g., recognition performance, shape. Again, performance was best for originals, followed reaction times). Jürgen Kaufmann reports on the recogni- by texture and poorest for shape stimuli. Significant N250 tion of person identity as a function of face familiarity and familiarity effects were found for all three conditions, but physical features (i.e., shape and texture). Annekathrin the effect was smallest for shape stimuli. There were Schacht demonstrates the differential impact of motiva- positive correlations between the sensitivity index d´ for tional incentives (i.e., monetary gains and losses) and originals, shape and texture stimuli and scores in a face emotional salience on face processing across repeated test learning (Cambridge Face Memory Test) and a famous face days. Cornelia Herbert shows that verbal cues about self- recognition test (Bielefelder Famous Faces Test). Overall, or other-reference (e.g., my/his/her) crucially change facial the results suggest that recognition of personally familiar emotion recognition. Florian Bublatzky focuses on how faces is mainly, albeit not exclusively, driven by texture instructions about threat and safety contingencies selec- information, and that good face learning and recognition tively enhance face identity and emotion processing. skills are associated with a flexible use of shape and Finally, Pedro Guerra extends to the impact of personal texture, depending on the information available in the attachment and will discuss psychophysiological respond- stimulus. ing to pictures of beloved ones cueing safety and/or threat. Taken together, this symposium takes an integrative Impacts of Associated Motivational Salience on perspective to approach the temporal brain dynamics in Human Face Processing face and person perception from basic facial features to high-level social learning, emotion and behavior. Annekathrin Schacht Institut für Psychologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Deutschland

Facial expressions of emotion have an undeniable pro- cessing advantage over neutral faces, discernible both at behavioral level and in emotion-related modulations of several event-related potentials (ERPs). Recently it was

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proposed that also inherently neutral stimuli might gain when only parts of the face (eye region) are presented. salience through associative learning mechanisms. The Taken together, the results suggest that self-other- present study investigated whether acquired motivational reference is a significant predictor of emotional face salience leads to processing advantages similar to biologi- processing across tasks and emotion categories including cally determined origins of inherent emotional salience by sadness, fear, anger or happiness. applying an associative learning paradigm to human face processing. Participants (N=24) were trained to categorize Person perception as a function of instructed neutral faces to salience categories by receiving different threat and safety: An ERP study monetary outcomes. ERPs were recorded in a subsequent Bublatzky, Florian (1); Guerra, Pedro (2); Alpers, test phase consisting of gender decisions on previously associated faces, as well as on familiarized and novel faces Georg (1) expressing happy, angry or no emotion. Previously reward- 1: University of Mannheim, School of Social Sciences, Chair of associated faces boosted the P1 component, indicating Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, that acquired reward-associations modulate early sensory Germany; 2: Department of Personality, Assessment and processing in extrastriate visual cortex. However, ERP Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Spain modulations to emotional – primarily angry – expressions The human face informs about the identity and emotions of expanded to subsequent processing stages, as reflected in other people. Importantly, perception of these cues often well-established emotion-related ERPs. The present study depends on what we have previously learned about these offers new evidence that motivational salience associated persons. Using an instructed threat and reversal approach, to inherently neutral stimuli can sharpen sensory encoding the present study examined the impact of verbal threat and but does not obligatorily lead to preferential processing at safety learning on the perception of facial emotion and later stages. identity. Face pictures of four persons displaying happy, Impact of self-other-reference on emotional face neutral, and angry expressions were presented in a continuous picture stream while EEG and self-reported processing threat was assessed. In separate experimental blocks, 33 Herbert, Cornelia participants were instructed about threat/safety contin- University of Ulm, Deutschland gencies linked to a person‖s identity (Block 1: Person A and B indicate threat, C and D safety) and partly reversed (Block We smile, laugh, sulk and frown to express own emotions 2: now Person B cues safety and D threat). Furthermore, a or to simulate, synchronize and empathize with other passive viewing block served as no-threat control condi- people's emotions. Hence, in social interactions faces can tion. Main effects of facial emotion (P1, N170, EPN, LPP) signal both, the sender's own emotion or his/her simulation and instructed threat (EPN, LPP) were observed. Im- of the perceiver‖s emotions. In this talk, results from a portantly, the N170 component varied as a joint function of series of EEG and behavioral studies will be presented instructed threat and facial emotion. N170 amplitudes investigating how self-other reference influences the time were similarly pronounced for faces cueing threat or safety course of emotional face processing during passive and when displaying anger. However, selective safety-cue active processing conditions. Self-other reference of processing (relative to threat-identities) was observed emotional faces was experimentally manipulated by verbal specifically for happy expressions. Moreover, reversal cues describing either participants' own emotion or the instructions were associated with pronounced N170 and sender's facial emotion. Participants‖ task was to a) read EPN amplitudes especially for angry faces. Thus, a smile and simply view the word-face pairs, b) use the cues to may be more readily perceived as signaling safety than regulate emotions in response to the faces or c) recognize threat, and a safe but angry person may easily be reversed the facial emotion displayed. Results suggest that self- as threat-cue. Taken together, early face encoding selec- other reference has an immediate impact on emotional tively varies according to the mere verbal communication face perception especially during spontaneous processing about whether a person is dangerous or safe. (passive viewing). During active regulation particularly processing of self-related cues seems to facilitate tempo- rally later processing stages associated with encoding of emotional faces. Interestingly presentation of simple cues such as self- and other-referential pronouns (my/his/her) seems sufficient to alter facial emotion recognition on a behavioral as well as on a cortical processing level, even

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Modulation of psychophysiological responding to that humans also communicate via chemosensory signals, loved familiar faces by verbal threat learning will be the focus of this symposium. We will present an overview on behavioral and neuroimag- Guerra, Pedro M. (1); Morato, Cristina (1); Mena, ing results investigating the effects of olfactory stimuli. The Teresa (1); Bublatzky, Florian (2) symposium will be introduced by Jasper de Groot who will 1: University of Granada, Spain, Spain; 2: Universität Mannheim present a recently carried out meta-analyses on the robustness of research on the human capacity to chemical- Previous research has shown that the visualization of loved ly communicate emotions. Rea Rodriguez-Raecke will familiar individuals elicits a highly positive emotional state outline basic processes involved in odor masking on a that is reflected across different response systems in the neural level, followed by Olga Wudarczyk who will present body. Moreover, these changes cannot be attributable to an fMRI study highlighting impairments of integrating either familiarity or undifferentiated emotional arousal. olfactory and visual anxiety cues in patients with autism Accrued evidence suggests that these stimuli might serve spectrum disorder. Christina Regenbogen will present a as evolutionary prepared safety signals. Building upon study on how olfactory and visual sickness cues are these findings, the current study aimed at examining integrated in the brain and influence social liking and Jessica whether physiological responses to loved familiar faces Freiherr will round up the symposium by presenting a line could be modulated as a function of verbal threat/safety of experiments on aggression chemosignaling and the instructions. Participants were presented with pictures impact on human behavior. belonging to two categories (loved vs. unknown) while a broad set of both central (ERPs) and peripheral (heart rate, Meta-Analyses on Human Fear Chemosignaling skin conductance, and facial EMG) responses were record- de Groot, Jasper ed. Instructions were manipulated so that half of the pictures within each category signaled either threat or Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands safety (counterbalanced across subjects). Preliminary Human body odors have long been examined as a possible results are in line with previous findings regarding physio- medium for social communication. What may have eroded logical responding to loved familiar faces. In addition, verbal the general confidence in research on human olfactory instructions were effective at modulating the expected communication are non-replications, especially in the field pattern of responses to loved familiar stimuli: loved faces of body odor-based menstrual synchrony. Here, we cueing threat were associated with potentiated startle statistically assess whether these concerns generalize to reflex, diminished corrugator inhibition, increased skin another social communication subfield examining the conductance, and heart rate deceleration, compared to potential of body odors to ‘communicate’ emotions from loved faces cueing safety. In summary, the current study one person to another, namely the state of fear, stress, and shows that physiological responding to loved familiar faces anxiety (collectively labeled: fear chemosignaling). The 17- is sensitive to verbal threat learning. Implications of the year harvest of 26 fear chemosignaling studies (N = 1 770) present findings are discussed with regard to the hypothe- and the current replication crisis make for two timely and sis that attachment figures may serve as prepared safety important questions: Is there ‘evidence of evidence’ for stimuli contributing to the health benefits associated with fear chemosignaling? What is the size of the effect? These social support. questions were answered by combining two novel meta- analytical tools, p-curve and p-uniform analysis, assessing

(the strength of) the evidence based on the distribution of Human communication via chemosensory p-values. The results of even the most conservative signals approaches revealed significant ‘evidence of evidence’ for fear chemosignaling (p-values < .0001); the unbiased effect Christina Regenbogen & Rea size was between small to moderate (Hedges‖ g = .34, 95% Rodriguez-Raecke CI: .21-.48; confirmed by sensitivity analysis). The combined Uniklinik Aachen, Deutschland results highlight the robustness of research on the human Raum: A 9/10 capacity to chemically ‘communicate’ emotions such as fear. Humans communicate through a multitude of senses. They exchange information on a semantic level by talking, wrap this information in a specific tone of voice, and add certain facial expressions to effectively communicate emotions. What happens on a less conscious and more subtle level,

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The challenge of masking an aversive odor we examined how olfactory anxiety cues (axillary sweat collected from students awaiting an oral examination) Rodriguez-Raecke, Rea (1,2); Loos, Helene (2); versus control cues (axillary sweat collected during exercis- Sijben, Rik (1); Singer, Marco (3); Beauchamp, ing) affect perception of fearful faces in patients with Jonathan (2); Buettner, Andrea (2,4); Freiherr, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), a condition character- Jessica (1,2) ized by impaired socio-emotional interactions and sensory 1: Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University processing. Seventeen ASD patients and 17 matched Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 2: Department of controls (HC) completed a parametrically morphed (neutral- Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering to-fearful) emotion perception task under exposure to and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany; 3: Scent & Care, Symrise chemosensory anxiety and sports cues, during fMRI. At the AG, Holzminden, Germany; 4: Department of Chemistry and behavioural level, we observed that HC showed higher fear Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ratings under anxiety cues to increasingly more fearful Erlangen, Germany faces (a significant linear trend: p<.05), whereas ASD patients showed weaker variability in fearfulness ratings in A fully masked aversive odor in comparison to a pure response to chemosensory cues. At the brain level, while pleasant odor might be processed differently, even if the HC showed increased activity in the insula, thalamus and participants cannot perceptually discriminate them. Our MFG to increased facial fearfulness under anxiety cues, hypothesis is that perceptual discrimination and neuronal similar modulation was not observed in ASD patients. processing can possibly be enhanced by using a reinforcing Further, anxiety cues led to significantly stronger activity in feedback paradigm. The participants rated both odors as visual processing regions including lingual gyrus and isopleasant and isointense and performed at chance level calcarine across emotional faces in HC as compared to ASD in discriminating differing odor pairs and above chance level patients. These findings suggest differential effects of in identifying same odor pairs in this task. A subgroup that chemosensory cues on socio-emotional processing in the was established using the signal detection theory, showed two populations. While anxiety cues facilitate processing of a significant improvement throughout the task and socially relevant fearful stimuli in healthy individuals, the performance above chance level in discriminating same and current results suggest aberrant integration of emotional different odor pairs. Comparing neuronal processing of a information from olfactory cues in context of emotional pure, pleasant lemon odor to a fully masked aversive odor faces in ASD patients. consisting of a lemon odor and caproic acid (smelling goat- like), we observed increased activation of the left insula and Multisensory sickness detection ventral striatum/putamen in the pure odor compared to the Regenbogen, Christina (1,2,3); Axelsson, John (1,4); masked odor. The superior performing subgroup improved Lasselin, Julie (1,4,5); Porada, Danja K (1); Sundelin, in differentiating the odors with reinforcement and showed a related activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, Tina (1,6); Peter, Moa G (1); Lekander, Mats (1,4); midcingulate cortex, operculum and primary somatosenso- Lundström, Johan N (1,7,8); Olsson, Mats J (1) ry cortex compared to the other participants. In conclusion, 1: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, these areas are probably involved in odor discrimination Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Department of Psychiatry, and learning, and processing of odors seems to depend on Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH even subtle changes of odor quality. Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; 3: JARA - BRAIN Institute 1: Structure Function Relationship, Jülich, Germany; 4: Stress The impact of olfactory cues of anxiety on Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, perception of fearful faces in Autism Spectrum 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 5: Institute of Medical Psychology Disorders – an fMRI investigation and Behavioral Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany; 6: Department of Wudarczyk, Olga Anna (1); Kohn, Nils (2); Bergs, Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 7: Rene (1); Schneider, Frank (1); Habel, Ute (1) Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 8: 1: RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 2: Donders Institute for Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Philadelphia, PA, USA

Although recent evidence suggests that humans communi- Through human evolution, infectious diseases have been a cate emotion via chemosensory cues, it is still poorly primary cause of death. Detection of sickness cues and understood how chemosensory signals are processed in avoidance of sick conspecifics would therefore be an neuropsychiatric populations. In the current investigation, adaptive way of coping with an environment fraught with

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pathogens. This study determines, for the first time, how response to threat-related words only (p < .001). Impact humans perceive and integrate early sickness cues of and limitations of aggression chemosignalling on human conspecifics sampled just hours after the induction of behavior will be discussed. immune system activation, and the underlying neural This research is supported by a grant from the Interdisci- mechanisms for this detection. In a double-blind placebo- plinary Centre for Clinical Research within the faculty of controlled crossover design, the immune system was Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University, Germany." transiently activated in 22 sample donors with an endotox- in injection (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Facial photographs and body odor samples were taken from the donors when ―sick‖ (LPS) and when ―healthy‖ (saline) and subsequently SYMPOSIEN SAMSTAG presented to a separate group (N=29) during fMRI- 12:00-13:30 scanning during which participants rated their liking of the presented person. Faces were less socially desirable when sick, with sick body odors tending to lower liking of the Genetic approaches to psychobiological faces. Sickness in odor and face resulted in increased neural stress research in humans activation of odor and face perception networks, respec- tively. A superadditive effect of olfactory-visual integration Stefan Wüst & Robert Kumsta of sickness cues was found in the intraparietal sulcus, University of Regensburg, Deutschland which was functionally connected to core areas of multi- Raum: HS 1 sensory integration in the superior temporal sulcus and orbitofrontal cortex. Altogether, the results outline a "In interaction with the environment, gene variants disease avoidance model in which neural mechanism involved in stress processing modulate the risk for psycho- involved in the detection of disease cues and multisensory pathology. The use of genetic approaches offers great integration are vital parts. potential to detect stress-related disease mechanisms in humans. In this symposium, we aim to present studies that Chemosensory danger detection in the human explore the genetic architecture of stress-related pheno- brain types using a range of different methods. Fabian Streit will present a twin study that estimated the Mutic, Smiljana; Freiherr, Jessica heritability of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and RWTH Aachen University, Deutschland analyzed if HCC and stress-related psychological variables share common genetic factors. Based on genome wide "In the detection of dangers, the sense of smell has proven association studies, polygenic risk scores were calculated an important role. Besides environmental dangers, also to investigate if genetic variation shown to be associated socially dangerous situations are commonly communicated e.g. with major depression does also explain variance in via odors in mammals within a species: For humans, first HCC. evidence of the communication of aggression and competi- Robert Kumsta will present results of a genetically in- tion-related information via body odor is arising. We here formed experience sampling study. This approach is well ask the following questions: 1. Is an intention to attack suited to study immediate gene-environment interaction conveyed via body odor from a male combative sender to a on the micro-level with high ecological validity. Results on recipient? 2. Do aggression chemosignals activate a neural the effects of both stressful and positive experience on alarm system in the brain? To answer those questions, mood, and the moderating role of genetic factors will be body odors during an exercise and an aggression condition reported. were sampled from 16 healthy male donors and were used Finally, we will report findings supporting the view that the during a behavioral and a neuroimaging application study neuropeptide S system modulates stress regulation. As both using an emotional Stroop paradigm. The behavioral NPS receptor (NPSR1) (ant)agonist for human pharmaco- data indicate an exclusive impairment of the processing of logical studies are not available, candidate gene studies are anxiety-related words by aggression chemosignals which is a useful approach to probe this system. Frauke Nees interpreted as time-sensitive attentional bias in chemosen- presents findings on associations between brain activation sory danger detection. During exposure to aggression patterns and NPSR1 genotype in a cue fear condition chemosignals compared to exercise chemosignals, func- paradigm and Stefan Wüst will report associations be- tional imaging data exhibit an activation of thalamus, tween NPSR1 variants and cortisol responses to the TSST hypothalamus and insula (p < .05, FWE-corrected). Togeth- as well as neural stress responses to a stress paradigm for er with the thalamus, the ACC was seen activated in scanner environments."

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Genetic Contribution to Cortisol Concentration in 20: British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Hair: Assessing the Heritability and Genetic Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 21: Medical Research Council Integrative Overlap with Psychological Variables Epidemiology Unit , School of Social and Community Medicine, Streit, Fabian (1); Rietschel, Liz (2); Zhu, Gu (3); University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom McAloney, Kerrie (3); Frank, Josef (1); Couvy- "Assessing cortisol - the end product of the hypothalamus- Duchesne, Baptiste (3,4); Witt, Stephanie H. (1); pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis - in hair is a promising measure Binz, Tina (6); Consortium, CORtisolNETwork of long-term HPA axis activity. Hair cortisol concentration {CORNET} (1); Psychiatric GWAS Consortium, (HCC) has been found associated with stress and psychiat- Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the ric disorders. However, the contribution of genetic factors to inter-individual variance in HCC and the extent to which (1); McGrath, John (4,7,8); Hickie, Ian B. (9); Hansell, the genes influencing HCC also account for inter-individual Narelle K. (4,5); Wright, Margaret J. (4,5); Gillespie, differences in psychological variables are unknown. Nathan (3,10); Forstner, Andreas J. (11,12, 13,14); This study aims to use MZ and DZ twins to i.) assess the Schulze, Thomas G (2, 15,16, 17,18); Wüst, Stefan heritability of HCC and ii.) estimate the genetic and envi- (2,19); Nöthen, Markus M. (11,12); Baumgartner, ronmental association of HCC with psychological variables, Markus (6); Walker, Brian R. (20); Crawford, An- viz. perceived stress, depressive symptoms and neuroti- drew A. (20,21); Colodro Conde, Lucia (3); Medland, cism; iii.) investigate if polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on previously reported large genome wide association studies Sarah E. (3); Martin, Nicholas G. (3); Rietschel, for plasma cortisol, major depression (MDD), and neuroti- Marcella (1) cism explain variance in HCC and the psychological varia- 1: Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central bles. Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Cortisol concentration was measured in hair samples from University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; 2: University 671 individuals (mean age = 14.5 years) including 115 MZ Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and and 183 DZ twin-pairs. Psychological measures were Psychotherapy, Research Department, University of Bern, Bern, assessed with self-rating questionnaires. PRS analyses Switzerland; 3: Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of were performed in 432 of these subjects who had previ- Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; 4: Queensland Brain ously been genotyped genome-wide. Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; 5: Centre The twin model revealed i.) a heritability of HCC of 72%, but for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, ii.) no significant phenotypic nor genetic overlap of HCC with Australia; 6: Institute of Forensic Medicine, Centre for Forensic psychological variables or PRS. In conclusion: HCC is Hair Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 7: substantially influenced by the genetic make-up of an Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park individual. The lack of shared phenotypic/ genetic correla- Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; 8: National Centre tion with any of the psychological variables may be due to for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, the restricted phenotypic variation in this sample of Denmark; 9: Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, adolescents from the general population." Sydney, AU; 10: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, Examination of immediate gene-environment USA.; 11: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, interplay by means of experience sampling Bonn, Germany; 12: Life&Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 13: Department Kumsta, Robert of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 14: Ruhr Universität Bochum, Deutschland Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, A gene-environment interaction (GxE) is observed when University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 15: Department of the effects of environmental influences are dependent on Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, genetic background. Most GxE research is based on Baltimore, US; 16: Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and vulnerability-oriented hypotheses, with a focus on the Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, effects of unfavourable environments or adversity. The Campus Innenstadt, Munich, DE; 17: Human Genetics Branch, differential susceptibilty hypothesis suggests that individu- NIMH Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, US; als are not just more vulnerable than others to the negative 18: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University effects of adversity, but also disproportionately susceptible Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, DE; 19: Institute of to the beneficial effects of supportive and enriching Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany; experiences. Here we tested this hypothesis on the micro-

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level by means of the Experience Sampling Method. 350 cued fear acquisition. In addition, they displayed lower individuals were genotyped for a common polymorphism in levels of trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, childhood trauma the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR), and and chronic stress, which were also associated with daily two oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) single nucleotide stress levels. Conclusions: Our results indicate that current polymorphism (rs53576 & rs2268498). Sampling periods stress levels modulate the association between NPSR1 and consisted of four days with 4 assessments per day. fear and anxiety and thus suggest a prominent dependence Participants indicated whether they had experienced of NPSR1-driven effects on environmental factors. negative (e.g. time pressure, social devaluation, conflict) or positive events (e.g. receiving a compliment or praise, The brain neuropeptide S system as modulator of successful completion of a task) in the 60 minutes before central stress regulation – insights from human the prompt, and provided ratings of their mood, positive genetic studies and negative perceptions of company, loneliness, and their willingness to interact socially. We will specifically test Wüst, Stefan (1); Streit, Fabian (2) whether carriers of the 5HTTLPR s-allele are more sensi- 1: University of Regensburg, Germany; 2: Central Institute of tive to both negative and positive experiences, and we will Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany test whether OXTR polymorphisms moderate the stress "Increasing evidence suggests that the brain neuropeptide buffering effect of positive social interaction and social S system is of major relevance for central stress regulation. support. Results will be presented at the conference. In rodents, high expression of the NPS receptor (NPSR1) in Effects of the Neuropeptide S gene on fear, anxiety the limbic system, distinct anxiolytic effects of exogenous NPS as well as extensive crosstalk between the NPS and chronic stress in humans system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis Nees, Frauke (1); Steiger-White, Frauke (1); have been demonstrated. As to date NPSR1 (ant)agonists Pohlack, Sebastian (1); Winkelmann, Tobias (1); for human pharmacological studies are not available, candidate gene studies are a useful approach to probe this Zidda, Francesca (1); Cavalli, Juliana (1); Ruttorf, system. In humans, associations between NPSR1 variants Michaela (2); Witt, Stephanie (1); Rietschel, Marcel- and anxiety and panic disorder, as well as amygdala la (1); Flor, Herta (1) responsiveness to fear-relevant faces have been reported. 1: Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty We performed a haplotype-based analysis covering three Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; 2: Computer functional NPSR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, (rs2530547, rs324981, rs727162) in 277 healthy subjects Heidelberg University, Germany who were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test. A sex- specific association with salivary cortisol TSST responses Objective: The G protein-coupled receptor neuropeptide S was detected for the common haplotype 2 (frequency ~ receptor 1 (NPSR1) and its ligand neuropeptide S (NPS) 20%). In addition, a stress paradigm for scanner environ- form a signaling system implicated in susceptibility for ments (―ScanSTRESS‖) was used for an imaging genetics human anxiety disorders. Yet, divergent patterns of NPS approach. In 65 subjects, we found a significant and, again, effects on fear and anxiety were reported for animals and sex-specific interaction between rs324981 (whose minor humans and also across human studies, and thus a better allele is harbored by haplotype 2) and the neural stress understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NPS response in a cluster close to the parahippocampal gyrus. effects is needed. Method: In the present study, we Moreover, preliminary evidence for a gene x environment examined two samples of healthy individuals (N=116; interaction was found. In 42 subjects, a significant interac- N=108) with different levels of daily stress exposure to test tion between rs324981 and the environmental risk factor the effect of the NPSR1 polymorphism rs324981 (A/T) on ―urban upbringing‖ modulating right amygdala responses fear learning and anxiety. We measured skin conductance, was detected. self-report and brain responses during differential cue and In summary, our findings suggest that NPSR1 sequence context fear conditioning, trait anxiety and anxiety sensi- variants significantly influence acute stress regulation in tivity and, in addition to the daily stress levels, determined humans, possibly in interaction with sex and environmental chronic stress and measures of acute stress including factors." baseline and feedback cortisol levels and stress induced analgesia. Results: T-allele compared to AA-carriers with high versus low daily stress levels showed a significantly reduced response in the inferior frontal gyrus during early and an enhanced response in the amygdala during late

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More than just noise: Individual plus a control shape (controlCS). We found successful threat conditioning as threatCS was rated more aversive differences in fear acquisition, (negative, arousing, anxiogenic and associated with US) generalization and extinction than the other cues, and it elicited startle potentiation as well as SCR. Safety cues were rated equally positive and Tina B. Lonsdorf & Christian J. Merz (non-)anxiogenic, but less than controlCS, whereas physio- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Deutschland logically reliefCS elicited stronger appetitive responses Raum: A 9/10 (startle attenuation and low SCR) than absenceCS. Interest- ingly, an increase in trait anxiety was associated with a "Why do only some individuals develop pathology following decrease in the differences between absenceCS and trauma or profit from treatment? Similarly, in experimental threatCS responses reflected in contingency ratings during fear conditioning, pronounced individual differences are test. In sum, physiological but not verbal responses observed despite identical procedures. Traditionally, triggered by a relief signal compared to a threat-absence individual differences were regarded as ―noise‖ when signal indicated that the former is more appetitive than the interested in basic learning principles. Treating variance in latter. Strikingly, trait anxiety specifically modulated data as ―noise‖ rather than data, however, deprives us from learning of threat absence, but not of threat termination, crucial insights into processes beyond the average indicating that high trait anxious individuals experience This symposium brings together results from a series of relief normally, but have deficits in experiencing safety. studies focusing on temperamental, developmental and biological individual differences in fear acquisition, fear Discriminating threat and danger signals during generalization, and extinction. M. Andreatta reports how fear acquisition – Differential impact of trait trait anxiety impacts safety learning via threat absence but anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and neuroticism not threat termination. This is complemented by T.B. as well as mediation via amygdala activation Lonsdorf reporting a mediation of the influence of trait anxiety on individual differences in discriminating threat Lonsdorf, Tina B. and safety via amygdala activation and a specificity of Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Deutschland findings to trait anxiety beyond other measures of negative affect. J. Reinhard presents data from two large-scale Individual differences in fear learning are considered core studies on developmental correlates of fear learning and mechanisms in the development/maintenance of affective generalization by directly comparing different age children disorders. Previous work linking measures of negative and adults. Finally, C.J. Merz provides recent data demon- affect and fear conditioning provides evidence for a role of strating interactive effects between sex and stress trait anxiety (TA), neuroticism (N) and intolerance of hormones during fear extinction in healthy participants as uncertainty (IUS) but the role of shared variance across well as in patients with anxiety disorders. these measures has not yet been investigated. Previous In sum, we tell a story from noise that steadily develops work investigating the role of TA on neural activation linked into a meaningful tune and converges into individual risk to fear conditioning is further limited by the investigation of and resilience trajectories for pathological anxiety." neural activation without corresponding autonom- ic/behavioral findings precluding mechanistic analyses. To Safety learning via threat absence and threat fill these gaps, we present data from two independent termination: Influences of trait anxiety studies. In study 1 (N=278), higher scores in TA, N and IUS were associated with reduced discrimination between Andreatta, Marta threat and safety cues in skin conductance responses Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany (SCRs) during fear acquisition in separate analyses. Path analyses considering all three measures however reveal a Safety can be indicated by threat absence or threat significant impact of TA only. In the second study (N=116), termination (i.e., relief). Impaired safety learning has been higher TA scores were again linked to reduced SCRs proposed as risk factor for anxiety disorders. Here, we discrimination during fear learning. Path analyses and fMRI investigated the role of trait anxiety for both kinds of safety analyses link TA additionally to activation in brain regions learning. Ninety-one participants underwent an acquisition critically involved in fear processing (amygdala, putamen, phase during which one shape (threatCS) predicted a thalamus, primarily CS+-related). Moreover, a significant painful electric shock (unconditioned stimulus, US), one mediation effect of the impact of TA on SCR discrimination shape (reliefCS) followed the US, and one shape (ab- via the amygdala was observed. Our results suggest that senceCS) became never associated with the US. In a trait anxiety is linked to discriminating threat and danger on following test phase, the three cues were presented again

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an autonomic level during fear learning and that amygdala range of possible interventions to be considered in basic activation partly mediates this link. and clinical studies. In particular, anxiety disorders are thought to originate from learning experiences with higher Developmental aspects of fear learning and fear prevalence rates in women. The standard psychotherapeu- generalization tic treatment of anxiety disorders includes exposure therapy relying on the principles of extinction learning. Reinhard, Julia Thus, it is highly relevant to understand the general Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent framework of the interaction between extinction learn- Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of ing/exposure therapy, stress and sex hormones in order to Würzburg, Germany make available treatment options for mental disorders "Most research on human fear conditioning and fear more effective. This presentation will focus on recent data generalization has focused on adults whereas only little is demonstrating these interactive effects in healthy partici- known about these processes in children. Direct compari- pants as well as in patients with anxiety disorders. Alto- sons between participants at different developmental gether, future experiments should put emphasis on stages are needed for better understanding developmental individual differences deriving from current stress hormone aspects of fear learning and its generalization. levels and sex to understand their critical influence on In a first study, we compared 267 children and 285 adults different emotional learning and memory processes. This in a differential fear conditioning paradigm and generaliza- line of research should eventually lead to more individual- tion test. Skin conductance responses (SCR) and ratings of ized and successful treatment approaches. valence and arousal were obtained to indicate fear learning. Both groups displayed robust and similar differential conditioning on subjective and physiological levels. Howev- Klinische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der er, children showed heightened fear generalization com- funktionellen Nahinfrarotspektroskopie pared to adults as indexed by higher arousal ratings and SCR to the generalization stimuli. (fNIRS) In a second study, we investigated developmental changes Thomas Dresler & Martin J. Herrmann in fear conditioning and fear generalization in children aged Universität Tübingen, Deutschland 8 to 12 years. Therefore, we examined 473 healthy children Raum: A 8 with the fear conditioning paradigm and generalization test. Again, ratings of valence, arousal and SCR were obtained. "Die funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) hat sich All age groups showed comparable fear learning and fear aufgrund technischer Fortschritte in den letzten zwei generalization in valence and arousal ratings. However, SCR Jahrzehnten sowohl in der Grundlagen- als auch in der data indicated that children aged 12 years were better at klinischen Forschung etabliert, moderne Auswertungsme- discriminating CS+ from CS- compared to younger children. thoden wurden eingeführt. In unserem Symposium werden And this was true for children, who were aware that only wir auf aktuelle Entwicklungen eingehen und insbesondere the CS+ was followed by the UCS." die neueren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Methode darstellen. Modulation of fear extinction by sex and stress Im ersten, das Symposium methodisch einleitenden Beitrag hormones: basics and clinical applications wird die Kombination von fNIRS mit simultaner Gleich- Merz, Christian stromstimulation (tDCS) während einer Wortflüssigkeits- aufgabe vorgestellt, woraus sich zukünftig ein potentieller Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Therapieansatz für verschiedene Gruppen psychiatrischer Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum Patienten entwickeln dürfte. Ein Einsatz dieser methodi- The stress hormone cortisol crucially influences declarative schen Kombination bei Patienten mit Abhängigkeitserkran- learning and memory processes. On one side, cortisol kung (Nikotinabhängigkeit) wird im zweiten Beitrag genauer reduces memory retrieval, while on the other side, it aufgezeigt werden. Die Autoren gingen der Frage nach, enhances memory consolidation. Both sides of the same inwiefern der Einsatz von tDCS zusätzliche Effekte zu einer coin open a wide range of possibilities of how stress Reizexpositionsbehandlung bietet und welchen Einfluss hormones modulate other learning and memory processes dies auf neuronale Aktivität und Konnektivität, gemessen such as fear extinction. In addition, stress hormones mit fNIRS, hat. Im dritten Beitrag werden aufeinander interact with sex hormones regarding their impact on aufbauende Studien vorgestellt, in denen die funktionelle emotional learning and memory processes opening a wide Konnektivität kortikaler Netzwerke bei Patienten mit

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Depression genauer analysiert und der Zusammenhang mit Der Zusammenhang von Reizreaktivität und depressiver Grübelneigung untersucht wurde. Im letzten Exekutivfunktionen – Einblicke au der in vivo Beitrag wird eine fNIRS-Hyperscanning-Studie mit Eltern- Exposition bei Rauchern und Implikationen für die Kind-Dyaden präsentiert, in der es inhaltlich um die Rückfallprävention bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen neuronale Synchronizität zwischen den Interaktionspart- nern während Kooperation bzw. Wettbewerb ging. Darüber Kroczek, Agnes; Haeussinger, Florian; Batra, Anil; hinaus wurde untersucht, inwiefern Emotionsregulations- Fallgatter, Andreas; Ehlis, Ann-Christine prozesse hier einen Einfluss ausüben. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen, Zusammenfassend zeigen die Beiträge des Symposiums, Deutschland dass die fNIRS die aktuellen Herausforderungen in der neuronalen Bildgebung (z.B. Kombinationsmessungen, "Reizreaktivität bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen ist der Konnektivität, Hyperscanning) erfolgreich aufgreift und Ausdruck eines aktiven Suchtgedächtnisses, welches sich damit neue methodische Zugänge zu klinisch relevanten auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen äußert: das Verlangen eine Forschungsfragen ermöglicht." Substanz zu konsumieren, physiologische Reaktionen (erhöhte Hautleitfähigkeit, Herzratenvariabilität u.a.) und Simultane fNIRS-tDCS Messung über dem dem tatsächlichen Konsumverhalten. Reizexposition – als präfrontalen Kortex therapeutische Intervention zur Rückfallprophylaxe – basiert auf Extinktionslernprozessen. Eine Aktivierung des Herrmann, Martin J.; Horst, Anna K.; Löble, Sophia; Suchtgedächtnisses (Reizreaktivität), ohne die unmittelbare Möll, Mira S.; Katzorke, Andrea; Polak, Thomas Verstärkung durch den Suchtstoff (Konsum) soll durch Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutschland inhibitorische präfrontale Einflüsse auf subkortikalen

"Die funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) stellt Strukturen des Suchtgedächtnisses dieses abschwächen. eine ausgezeichnete Methode dar, kortikale Aktivierung Dieser theoretische Zusammenhang führt allerdings auch bei leichter Bewegung (z.B. beim Sprechen) zu praktisch nicht zu dem erwarteten Therapieerfolg, was erfassen und somit Defizite im Bereich der kognitiven weitere Forschung in dem Bereich notwendig macht. Im Flexibilität bei psychiatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen. Hinblick auf die hohe Kontextabhängigkeit des Extinktions- Gleichzeitig bietet fNIRS die Möglichkeit, kombinierte lernens ist die Untersuchung solcher Prozesse in naturalis- Messungen mit anderen Methoden ohne großen Aufwand tischer Umgebung höhst relevant. Mit der funktionellen durchzuführen. Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) bietet sich die Chance, Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu untersuchen, inwiefern die mit hämodynamische Prozesse mit hoher ökologischer fNIRS gemessenen neuronalen Aktivierungen im präfronta- Validität zu untersuchen und die Reizexposition mit einem len Kortex (PFC) bei einer Aufgabe zur kognitiven Flexibilität Suchtstoff in vivo durchzuführen. In einem Pilotprojekt bei (Wortflüssigkeitsaufgabe, VFT) durch eine gleichzeitige Rauchern konnten wir signifikante Unterschiede zu Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) modulierbar sind und somit Nichtrauchern in der Konnektivität von dlPFC und OFC ein potentieller Therapieansatz für psychiatrische Patienten finden. In einer Folgestudie bei Rauchern konnten wir entwickelt werden könnte. Insgesamt wurden 61 gesunde zeigen, dass die funktionelle Konnektivität innerhalb dieses junge Probanden eingeschlossen, die in drei Gruppen Netzwerks während der Reizexposition durch transkranielle randomisiert wurden (links anodal / rechts kathodal vs. Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) gefördert werden konnte. links kathodal / rechts anodal vs. Placebo). Die Probanden Reine in vivo Exposition hingegen resultiert in einer führten den phonematischen VFT durch während die umgrenzten Erhöhung der dlPFC-Aktivität. Die Implikatio- präfrontale Aktivierung mittels fNIRS gemessen wurde. nen dieser neuen Herangehensweise für zukünftige Gleichzeitig wurde der PFC mittels zwei tDCS Elektroden Studien und deren Nutzen für die klinische Praxis werden kritisch diskutiert. über den linken und rechten dorsolateralen PFC mit 1 mA stimuliert. Veränderte Resting-State Konnektivität bei Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine signifikant erhöhte Aktivierung Depression - ein Korrelat depressiven Grübelns? im frontotemporalen Kortex (FTC) nach links anodaler / rechts kathodaler Stimulation im Vergleich zur Placebobe- Rosenbaum, David; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Ehlis, dingung. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese, dass Ann-Christine tDCS eine geeignete Methode darstellt, defizitäre neurona- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland le Aktivierung zu modulieren, welche über fNIRS erfassbar sind. " "Die Forschung zu neuronalen Grundlagen von Depressio- nen hat eine Vielzahl von Auffälligkeiten in neuronalen

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Prozessen aufgezeigt. So finden sich beispielsweise soziale, emotionale und kognitive Entwicklung des Kindes reduzierte frontale Aktivierungen, abweichende funktiona- beeinflusst. Ziel der aktuellen Studie war es, die neuronale len Konnektivität innerhalb und zwischen kortikalen Synchronizität zwischen Eltern und Kind bei Kooperation Netzwerken, sowie strukturelle kortikale Veränderungen. sowie den Zusammenhang dieser zur kindlichen Emotions- Hierbei ist jedoch kaum bekannt, welche pathophysiologi- regulation zu untersuchen. schen Prozesse diesen Befunden zugrunde liegen. Insgesamt wurden 33 Kinder im Alter von 5-9 Jahren in die In dieser Arbeit werden drei aufeinander aufbauende Studie eingeschlossen. Jedes Kind führte gemeinsam mit Studien vorgestellt, welche funktionale Konnektivität bei einem Elternteil (überwiegend der Mutter) und einer depressiven Patienten in den Fokus nehmen. Funktionale fremden erwachsenen Person jeweils zwei Aufgaben am Konnektivität wurde mit funktioneller Nahinfrarotspektro- Computer durch: ein kooperatives und ein kompetitives skopie (fNIRS) untersucht. Unterschiede zwischen Gesun- Spiel. Während dieser Aufgaben wurden die Gehirnaktivitä- den und Patienten mit Depression wurden mittels netz- ten beider Partner zeitgleich mit Hilfe der funktionellen werkbasierter Statistiken analysiert (Studie 1). Die depres- Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) aufgezeichnet. Als Maß sionsspezifischen Netzwerkdaten wurden anschließend auf für die neuronale Synchronizität wurde die Wavelet Zusammenhänge mit state- und trait- Ruminationsprozes- Kohärenz zwischen korrespondierenden Kanälen innerhalb sen untersucht (Studie 2). Um Unterschiede zwischen einer Dyade berechnet. Zur Validierung der Ergebnisse spontanen (resting-state) und induzierten Ruminationen zu wurde zusätzlich die Kohärenz von 1200 randomisiert untersuchen, verglichen wir die Prozesse in einem experi- ausgewählten und nicht miteinander spielenden Proban- mentellen Design (Studie 3) denpaaren bestimmt. Die kindliche Emotionsregulation Bei Patienten fanden sich verschiedene Abweichungen in wurde kurz vor der fNIRS Untersuchung im Elternurteil der funktionale Konnektivität, was das Cognitive Control erfasst. Netzwerks (CCN) und kortikale Regionen des Default Mode Verglichen mit zufälligen Probandenpaaren fanden wir eine Netzwerks (DMN) umfasste. Ruminationen erklärten diese erhöhte Kohärenz bei Eltern-Kind Dyaden während des Abweichungen in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß in Abhängig- kooperativen Spiels im dorsolateralen präfrontalen Kortex keit davon, ob state- oder trait-Ruminationen betrachtet (DLPFC, Kanal 8) und im frontopolaren Kortex (FPC, Kanal worden. Diese Ergebnisse werden kritisch diskutiert vor 12). Darüber hinaus war die Kohärenz bei Eltern-Kind dem Hintergrund der vorhandenen Befunde zu Ruminati- Kooperation in beiden Gehirnregionen stärker ausgeprägt onsprozessen bei Depression." als die Kohärenz bei Eltern-Kind Wettbewerb und Fremde- Kind Kooperation. In Bezug auf die kindliche Emotionsregu- Neuronale Synchronizität von Eltern-Kind Dyaden lation stellten wir fest, dass eine niedrigere emotionale während Kooperation Labilität assoziiert war mit einer höheren Kohärenz bei Eltern-Kind Kooperation im FPC. Reindl, Vanessa (1,2); Gerloff, Christian (3); Schar- Längsschnittliche Hyperscanning Studien wären erstre- ke, Wolfgang (1); Konrad, Kerstin (1,2) benswert, um die Bedeutung der neuronalen Synchronizität 1: Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen; 2: Forschungszentrum mit der primären Bezugsperson für die kindliche Entwick- Jülich; 3: RWTH Aachen lung zu untersuchen."

"Es wird angenommen, dass die frühe Eltern-Kind Bezie- hung über Prozesse der biobehavioralen Synchronizität die

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POSTERSESSIONS neural correlates of protection from interference nor the amount of information that can be protected by selective attention are well understood. We addressed these questions by running EEG during a visual working memory task based on retro-cues. Participants had to POSTERSESSION DONNERSTAG memorize the angle of three differently colored bars followed by one (POSTERNUMMERN 01 – 44) of four retro-cue types. Two selective retro-cues indicated a subset of the memory array as being relevant for report (one or two of three bars). In addition, two types of neutral cues were used: one cue DO 01 repeated the color and position of all three bars; the other one was Are odors better than tones in cueing emotional memories? completely non-informative. A distractor display was presented during the retention interval in half of the experimental blocks. A Anika Pützer (1,2), Oliver T. Wolf (1,2) distractor-induced performance decrease was only observed in 1: Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr- neutral retro-cue trials whereas the presentation of selective retro- University Bochum, Germany; 2: International Graduate School of Neuro- cues attenuated the distractor effects. Event-related potentials science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany revealed a modulation of the negative slow wave over posterior Odors were shown to be effective retrieval cues for memories electrodes, reflecting a release of cognitive resources due to selective obtained in emotional (Herz, 1997) and stressful situations (Wiemers, retro-cues. Moreover, a P3b following the distractor was observed in Sauvage, & Wolf, 2014). Compared to memories evoked by other neutral retro-cue conditions, indicating the encoding of the interfering sensory stimuli, odor-cued memories appear to be more emotional information. This leads to the conclusion that selective retro-cues and vivid (Herz, 1998). Their strong potential to trigger memories of enable an optimization of cognitive resources allowing for the an emotional nature is commonly attributed to close interconnections prevention of visual distractors from getting access to working of brain regions processing memory, emotion and olfaction. Despite a memory. well-investigated relationship between olfaction and emotional information processing, research lacks systematic comparisons of the DO 03 olfactory and other modalities regarding their ability to act as retrieval Die Auswirkungen von Stress auf den Gedächtnisabruf cues for emotional memories. We designed the current study to test alltagsrelevanter Informationen whether there is a superiority of odors over auditory stimuli in cueing Lisa-Marie Stock, Christian J. Merz emotional memories. For this purpose, a picture recognition paradigm is applied with olfactory and auditory contextual cues and variations Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland of the emotional character of the pictures to be remembered. On the Psychosozialer Stress und der damit einhergehende Anstieg des first assessment day, participants are presented with 48 aversive and Stresshormons Cortisol konnten in einer Vielzahl von Studien mit 48 neutral pictures together with either an odor or tone serving as einem beeinträchtigten Gedächtnisabruf assoziiert werden. Das contextual cue. The same pictures and an equal number of distractors bislang verwendete Lernmaterial zeichnet sich allerdings vorwiegend are shown 24 hours later, either with the same, a different or without durch eine geringe ökologische Validität aus. Studien, die Material mit contextual cue. For each picture, participants state how certain they einer sozialen Komponente oder mit Relevanz für den Schulunterricht remember it from the day before. Results of this ongoing study verwendet haben, konnten sowohl förderliche als auch beeinträchti- concerning the recognition performance for emotional pictures using gende Effekte finden. Daran anknüpfend verwendet die vorliegende olfactory and auditory retrieval cues in men and women will be Studie Lernmaterial mit höherer ökologischen Validität (zusammen- presented at the conference. They will help specify the unique role of hängender Text mit alltagsrelevanten numerischen, figuralen und olfactory cues for emotional memory. verbalen Informationen) und testet dabei auch den Effekt von erhöhten Cortisolkonzentrationen auf die Informationsart. Nach einer DO 02 Enkodierungsphase erfolgte der Gedächtnisabruf 24 Stunden später How retro-cues protect multiple working memory contents nach der Durchführung einer Stress- oder Kontrollbedingung (jeweils from interference: Evidence by event-related potentials of n=20). Die Stressinduktion führte zu einem signifikanten Cortisolan- the EEG. stieg in der Gruppe der Cortisol-Responder. Die Gruppe der Non- Responder zeigte eine signifikant schlechtere Abrufleistung im Anna Barth, Daniel Schneider Vergleich zu der Gruppe der Responder und der Kontrollgruppe, Leibniz Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Deutschland insbesondere war hier die figurale Informationsart betroffen. Die For the achievement of behavioral goals it is important to keep bessere Gedächtnisleistung der Responder war dabei mit einem working memory updated and to avoid distraction by irrelevant höheren Cortisolanstieg assoziiert. information. Focusing attention within mnemonic representations is Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse auf die Notwendigkeit einer typically studied using retroactive cues (retro-cues). So far, neither the adäquaten Cortisolreaktion für den gelungenen Gedächtnisabruf

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alltagsrelevanter Informationen hin. Die beeinträchtigende Stressef- show that otherwise healthy young adults with latent toxoplasmosis fekte auf den Gedächtnisabruf scheinen also in Abhängigkeit vom show a greatly diminished response to monetary rewards as com- untersuchten Material zu stehen. pared to their non-infected counterparts. While this selective effect eliminated a toxoplasmosis-induced speed advantage previously DO 04 observed for non-rewarded behavior, Toxo-positive subjects could On the contribution of motor planning to the retroactive cue still be demonstrated to be superior to Toxo-negative subjects with benefit: Evidence by mu oscillatory activity in the EEG respect to response accuracy. Event-related potential (ERP) and source localization analyses revealed that this advantage during Daniel Schneider, Anna Barth, Edmund Wascher rewarded behavior was based on increased allocation of processing Leibniz-Insitut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Deutschland resources reflected by larger visual late positive component (LPC) Attention can be allocated toward mental representations in working amplitudes based on activity changes in the right temporo-parietal memory also after the initial encoding of information has been junction (BA40) and left auditory cortex (BA41). Taken together, this completed. It was shown that focusing on only one item within suggests that the chronic increase in dopaminergic signaling found in working memory transfers this representation into a protected state, latent toxoplasmosis boosts behavioral performance in challenging reducing its susceptibility to interference by incoming signals. The cognitive control situations but may at the same time reduce the present study investigated the nature of this retroactive cue (retro- sensitivity towards motivational effects of rewards. cue) benefit by means of a working memory task with a retro-cue DO 06 indicating one, two or three memory representations as relevant and a block-wise distractor display presented after the retro-cue. On Die Rolle der Selbstregulation bei der Entstehung und behavioral level, we found that the interfering effect of the distractor Aufrechterhaltung von Burnout display on memory performance could be prevented when a retro-cue Magdalena Kanthak, Marlene Penz, Clemens Kirschbaum reduced working memory load. However, only the one-item retro-cue TU Dresden, Deutschland led to an overall increase in task performance compared to a condition without a retro-cue. The neural basis of this special representational Die Fähigkeit zur Selbstregulation, definiert als die Anpassung des status was investigated by means of oscillatory parameters in the eigenen Verhaltens an eine sich ständig verändernde Umwelt, ist EEG and a clustering approach on level of the independent compo- fundamental für den Erhalt der psychischen und physischen Gesund- nents (ICs) in the signal. We found that an IC cluster representing heit. Chronischer Stress kann diese Flexibilität jedoch einschränken. oscillatory activity in the Mu range (10-12 Hz and 20-24 Hz) with a Unklar ist, welche Rolle reduzierte selbstregulatorische Fähigkeiten source in sensorimotor cortex revealed a power suppression following bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Burnout spielen. Im the retro-cue only in the one-item retro-cue condition. This suggests Vortrag werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus der Dresdner that the retro-cue benefit results in large parts from the possibility to Burnout Studie zum Einfluss selbstregulatorischer Prozesse auf die focus attention on one particular item in working memory and initiate Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung dieses arbeitsstress-bedingten motor planning processes already ahead of the probe stimulus Erschöpfungssyndroms vorgestellt. demanding the respective response. In einer großen, populationsbasierten Stichprobe (N = 403) konnten wir eine signifikant negative Korrelation zwischen der Symptom- DO 05 schwere von Burnout und einem validierten biologischen Marker der Latent toxoplasmosis alters reward modulation of cognitive Selbstregulation, der hochfrequenten Herzratenvariabilität (HF-HRV) control im Ruhezustand, nachweisen (r = -.10; p = .03). Offen ist jedoch, welcher Mechanismus der berichteten Assoziation zu Ann-Kathrin Stock (1), Danica Dajkic (1), Hedda-Luise Köhling (2), Grunde liegt. Dem klassischen stresstheoretischen Ansatz von Evelyn Heintschel von Heinegg (2), Christian Beste (1,3) Lazarus folgend, könnte eine verzerrte Interpretation von Umweltan- 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent forderungen, als Folge oder Ursache einer eingeschränkten Selbstre- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: Institute gulation, akkumuliert über die Zeit zu einer pathologischen Burnout- for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany; 3: Experi- Symptomatik führen. Unterstützt wird dieser ätiologische Modellan- mental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech satz durch die Ergebnisse einer von uns durchgeführten experimen- Republic tellen Studie (N = 69): Eine Zunahme an Burnout-Symptomen ging mit Latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to behavioral changes einer Abkopplung zwischen der subjektiven Wahrnehmung der due to an increase in dopaminergic signaling. Yet, virtually nothing is Aufgabenschwierigkeit und der objektiven Leistung in einer kognitiven known about its effects on reward processing, even though this Testbatterie einher. Die Tatsache, dass Individuen mit niedriger HF- aspect of behavior is driven by dopamine. We therefore assessed HRV ebenfalls eine solche Loslösung der subjektiven Wahrnehmung behavior and event-related potentials in individuals with vs. without von der objektiven Testleistung aufwiesen, unterstreicht die entschei- latent toxoplasmosis performing a rewarded control task. The data dende Rolle von selbstregulatorischen Fähigkeiten beim Zustande-

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kommen dieses Effektes. Die im Rahmen der Dresdner Burnout Wir zeigen Ergebnisse aus einer aktuellen Studie, die sowohl Studie bereits initiierte, zweite Erhebungswelle der genannten Schmerzbewertungen als auch ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) auf psychischen und physiologischen Marker, wird die empirische Schmerzreize in mehreren Bedingungen untersucht. In der Hypnose- Überprüfung eines kausalen Wirkungsmodells zwischen selbstregula- Bedingung wurde den Probanden Schmerzunempfindlichkeit sugge- torischen Fähigkeiten und Burnout-Symptomatik ermöglichen. riert, während sie Schmerzreize erhielten. Dieselben Probanden taten in einer Simulations-Bedingung nur so, als seien sie hypnotisiert und DO 07 würden keinen Schmerz mehr spüren, während sie die gleichen Emotions and steroid secretion in aging men: A multi-study Schmerzreize erhielten. Zum Vergleich zeigen wir auch Ergebnisse report einer Kontrollbedingung ohne spezielle Instruktion. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Amplitude der P260 sowohl unter Andreas Walther (1,2), Patricia Waldvogel (2), Emilou Noser (2), Jessica Hypnose als auch in der Simulations-Bedingung im Vergleich zur Ruppen (2), Ulrike Ehlert (2) Kontrollbedingung reduziert ist. Auch die Schmerzbewertungen sind in 1: Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland; 2: Universität Zürich, beiden experimentellen Bedingungen ähnlich niedrig. Da die Schmerz- Schweiz reize in der Simulationsbedingung bei erfolgreicher Simulation als Background: Aging increases the risk for cognitive and socioemotional schwächer bewertet werden als sie tatsächlich empfunden wurden, deterioration. However, aging has been shown to be accompanied by unterscheiden wir zwischen Probanden, die laut Nachbefragung a decrease in negative emotions. Steroid hormones and age-related wirklich simulierten und jenen, die ihre Schmerzempfindungen alterations in secretion patterns have been suggested to play a crucial realistisch bewerteten. role in these age-related changes in emotion experience. Hypnose und Simulation sind sich zwar auf den ersten Blick ähnlich Methods: In three cross-sectional studies age-related differences in hinsichtlich Schmerzbewertungen und EKP Antworten, jedoch war emotion experience and the moderating effects of steroid hormones das Schmerzempfinden unter Hypnose tatsächlich reduziert, während were examined. Sample one consisted of 271 self-reporting healthy es in der Simulations-Bedingung absichtlich als niedriger angegeben (SRH) men between 40 and 75 years, while sample two consisted of wurde, um den Anweisungen der Versuchsleiterin zu folgen. Wir 121 men in the identical age-range but only including vital exhausted vertreten deshalb die Ansicht, dass Hypnose ein spezifischer Zustand (VE) men. Sample three consisted of 425 men between 19 and 72 ist, der nicht durch eine bloße Rollenübernahme zu erklären ist, wie years reporting to have fatherd (FA) one child. sozialpsychologische Theorien behaupten. Results: For all three samples negative associations were reported DO 09 between age and anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. In addition, higher age was associated with lower levels of androgens but only for Neuromodulation as a tool to induce olfactory and auditory SRH-men with higher levels of cortisol. Moderating effects were source-monitoring deficits in healthy subjects identified for cortisol on the association between age and anxiety Marcel Leclerc (1,2), Jessica Freiherr (1,6), Lena Hofhansel (1,2), symptoms in SRH- and VE-men, while in VE-men trends emerged for Benjamin Clemens (1,2), Michael Nitsche (3,4), Roy H. Hamilton (5), testosterone on the association between age and depressive symp- Ute Habel (1,2), Christina Regenbogen (1,2) toms. 1: Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland; 2: JARA –Translational Brain Conclusion: These results indicate cortisol to be a moderator of the Medicine, RWTH Aachen University & Research Centre Jülich; 3: Leibniz association between age and symptoms of anxiety for healthy and Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, VE-men, while only for VE-men moderating effects of testosterone Germany.; 4: University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, on the association between age and symptoms of anxiety emerged. Germany; 5: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 6: Fraunho- Age-related alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/- fer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany gonadal axes emerge as promising avenues to investigate the decrease in experienced negative emotions in aging men. Source-monitoring describes the process of determining the source of a percept as external (e.g. a sound, or smell), or internal (an imagined DO 08 self-generated sound, or smell). Source-monitoring is affected by the Hypnose ist nicht nur ein Rollenspiel: Vergleich von Hypnose similarity of perceived and imagined memories, with (pre-) supple- und simulierter Hypnose bei Schmerz mentary motor area (SMA) having a crucial role in distinguishing between the two sources. In this study, we aim to inhibit the func- Barbara Schmidt (1), Ewald Naumann (2), Wolfgang H. R. Miltner (1) tionality of (pre-) SMA using cathodal (and sham) transcranial direct 1: Universität Jena, Deutschland; 2: Universität Trier, Deutschland current stimulation (tDCS) in a group of healthy participants. By tDCS- Vergangene Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass man unter Hypnose induced transient neuromodulation we hope to introduce source- erfolgreich Schmerzunempfindlichkeit suggerieren kann. Was aber monitoring deficits in a source-monitoring task involving auditory (i.e. passiert, wenn die Probanden nur so tun, als seien sie hypnotisiert spoken words) and olfactory (i.e. smells) stimuli that are presented to und würden die Schmerzreize nicht mehr fühlen? the participant. We expect to find decreased SMA BOLD activation

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after cathodal tDCS application as well as behavioral indicators of DO 11 source-monitoring deficits (i.e. ascribing the wrong source to a stimulus). A better understanding of the role of (pre-) SMA in the Neurophysiological mechanisms of circadian cognitive source-monitoring framework may enable to explain (and treat) control in RLS patients - an EEG source localization study hallucinations experienced by clinical populations, in which source- Rui Zhang (1), Moritz Brandt (2,4), Wiebke Schrempf (2), Christian monitoring is known to be heavily compromised (i.e. paranoid schizo- Beste (1,3), Ann-Kathrin Stock (1) phrenia). Preliminary results suggest successful down-modulation of (pre-) 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent SMA, as indicated by reduced levels of BOLD activation in participants Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstr. 42, 01307 that received 2mA of cathodal tDCS for 20min compared to a sham Dresden, Germany; 2: Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus control group. These findings are supported by behavioral results that University hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germa- show a trend towards decreased source-monitoring performance of ny; 3: Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, the tDCS group across both modalities. This suggests (pre-) SMA to Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; 4: German Center for be a promising candidate region within a source-monitoring network, Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany that if impaired, leads to general source-monitoring deficits. The circadian variation of sensory and motor symptoms with increas- ing severity in the evening and at night is a key diagnostic feature / DO 10 symptom of the restless legs syndrome (RLS). Even though many Gammafunktionen und Ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale – Eine neurological diseases have shown a strong nexus between motor and Methode zur Prüfung von Komponenten des Ereigniskorre- cognitive symptoms, it has remained unclear whether cognitive lierten Potentials über der traditionellen Methoden hinaus performances of RLS patients decline in the evening and which neurophysiological mechanisms are affected by the circadian varia- Kilian Kummer, Jutta Stahl tion. In the current study, we examined daytime effects (morning vs. Universtiät zu Köln, Deutschland evening) on cognitive performance in RLS patients (n=33) compared to healthy controls (n=29) by analyzing flanker interference effects in Für die Untersuchung von Ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen (EKP) combination with EEG and source localization techniques. RLS werden meist die individuellen Maxima (Peaks) oder die Flächen der patients showed larger flanker interference effects in the evening EKP-Komponenten verschiedener experimenteller Bedingungen zur than in the morning (p = .023), while healthy controls did not display a Hypothesentestung auf Signifikanz geprüft. Problematisch hierbei ist, comparable circadian variation. In line with this, the neurophysiologi- dass diese traditionellen Methoden nicht die wesentlichen individuel- cal data showed smaller N1 amplitudes in RLS patients compared to len Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Form der EKP-Komponenten controls in the interfering task condition in the evening (p = .042), but berücksichtigen. Damit diese zusätzlichen Informationen aus EKP- not in the morning. The results demonstrate diurnal cognitive changes Komponenten extrahiert werden können, soll hier eine neue Methode in RLS patients with intensified impairments in the evening. It seems zur Untersuchung vorgestellt werden. Diese ermöglicht es, mithilfe that not all dopamine-regulated cognitive processes are altered in mathematischer Modellanpassung von Gammafunktionen an EKP- RLS and thus show daytime-dependent impairments. Instead, the Komponenten, individuelle Parameter bezüglich der Verteilungsform daytime-related cognitive impairment emerges from attentional der Komponenten, wie Schiefe (skewness), Wölbung (excess) oder selection processes within the extra-striate visual cortex, but not Wendepunkte (points of inflection), zu bestimmen und diese zur einer from later cognitive processes such as conflict monitoring and gezielten Hypothesentestung einzusetzen. Der Gamma-Modell-Fit- response selection. Ansatz verwendet hierbei einen angepassten Grid-Restrained Nelder- Mead-Simplex-Algorithmus, der für die EKP Komponenten jeder DO 12 Person und jeder Bedingung die genannten individuellen Parameter DRINKING AGAINST PAIN? DOSE-DEPENDENT ALCOHOL berechnet. Das Vorgehen wird am Beispiel der Fehlernegativität in EFFECTS ON PAIN PERCEPTION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS zwei Kraftproduktionsaufgaben (N = 25, und N = 10) dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Modellanpassung sind vor allem in Bezug auf einen USING STATIC AND DYNAMIC PAIN PARADIGMS Verhaltensparameter, der Time-to-peak, äußerst vielversprechend Eva Capito (1), Claudia Horn-Hofmann (1), Jörg Wolstein (2), Stefan und zeigen im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden zusätzliche Lautenbacher (1) Varianzaufklärung. 1: Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Germany; 2: Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Germany

Background and aims: Although alcohol is commonly believed to alleviate pain, experimental human research on pain-dampening alcohol effects is rare and limited to effects on pain threshold and

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tolerance. Dose-dependence of such effects still remains unclear and breaks down and only reoccurs immediately before the response. dynamic paradigms like temporal summation (TS) and conditioned Feedback processing was also different in the ADHD groups with the pain modulation (CPM) have been neglected irrespective of their FRN occurring significantly later in ADHDcomb. clinical relevance. Our study aims at investigating the effects of two Conclusion different alcohol doses on pain threshold, TS, and CPM in a healthy The present findings show significant ADHD subgroup differences in sample. response preparation and feedback processing despite similar Methods: We investigated 39 participants using a placebo-controlled behavioural performance. This indicates that additional hyperactivi- within-subject design. We used heat pain stimulation induced by a ty/impulsivity symptoms are associated with qualitative differences in contact thermode (tailored to pain threshold) and a hot water bath information processing. (46°C). Pain measurements (threshold, TS, CPM) were taken before and after the consumption of a beverage. The alcohol doses were DO 14 calculated to reach targeted blood-alcohol levels of 0.06% (dose 1) The effects of somatosensory lateral inhibition on motor and 0.08% (dose 2) respectively. inhibitory control - system neurophysiological study Results: Pain threshold increased significantly after the high alcohol Julia Friedrich, (1), Moritz Mückschel (1), Christian Beste (1,2) dose only. Alcohol effects on TS could not be detected. We found some evidence for alcohol effects on CPM; however, results remained 1: Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; 2: National Institute of inconclusive due to baseline differences. Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic Conclusions: Dose-dependent pain-dampening alcohol effects on pain Motor inhibitory control is a central executive function, but only threshold were in concordance with previous research. Alcohol effects recently the importance of perceptual mechanisms for these process- on dynamic pain paradigms, however, still remain equivocal. As a es has been focused. As such it is elusive in how far basic mecha- further step we will investigate alcohol effects on threshold, TS, and nisms governing sensory perception affect motor inhibitory control. CPM in a chronic pain sample. One such basic principle is lateral inhibition. Here we examine whether sensory lateral inhibition processes modulate motor inhibitory control DO 13 mechanisms using a system neurophysiological approach combining Response preparation and feedback processing - differ- EEG signal decomposition with source localization methods in a ences between ADHD subtypes somatosensory Go/Nogo task. The results show that strong sensory lateral inhibition effects are Jacqueline Schuster, Annet Bluschke, Christian Beste associated with better motor inhibitory control. However, intra- Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Deutschland individual variations in the strength of lateral inhibition effects do Background predominantly affect processes when information needs to be Patients with ADHD process information differently than children integrated between cerebral hemispheres. If information needs to be without ADHD. In this study we wanted to examine these different integrated between hemispheres, strong sensory suppression will approaches of information processing in general and more specifically lead to more impulsive errors. Importantly, the neurophysiological in relation to time estimation abilities. Furthermore, based on their data suggest that not purely perceptual or motor processes are different characteristics, the time estimation abilities of children with affected. Rather, effects of lateral inhibition affect the response the predominantly inattentive (ADHDinatt) and the combined subtype selection level and seem to modulate processes of stimulus categori- of ADHD (ADHDcomb) will be compared. zation associated with activity modulations in the posterior parietal Methods cortex (PPC, BA7). The results suggest that when sensory suppres- Participants (17 ADHDcomb, 17 ADHDin & 17 controls) performed a sion is high and when information needs to be integrated across time estimation task which required them to press a key 1200ms hemispheres, these processes are less efficient, which likely leads to after a visual cue. Using high-density EEG recordings, we compared worse motor inhibitory control. The results show how basis principles the visual P1/N1 (cue perception), the contingent negative variation modulating perceptual processes affect subsequent motor inhibitory (CNV) (motor preparation) and the feedback related negativity (FRN) control processes. (outcome evaluation) between the three groups. Results Behaviourally, all patients with ADHD responded prematurely more often than the controls. Neurophysiological analyses show no group differences in perceptual processes. The controls and the ADHDcomb group display a monophasic preparatory process. Controls have a steadily increasing CNV until the response. In ADHDcomb, this process is attenuated. In the ADHDinatt group this process is biphasic. The CNV initially increases just like in the control group, but then

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DO 15 different EEG signal decomposition and source reconstruction Basal ganglia striosomes affect the modulation of conflicts methods. The results suggest that stimulus coding may be gated by oscillations in the upper theta frequency band, while the lower by subliminal information – evidence from X-linked dysto- frequency band may be important also for response selection during nia parkinsonism response inhibition. Importantly, the supplementary motor area Christian Beste (1,2), Moritz Mückschel (1), Raymond Rosales (3), appears to process both stimulus coding and response selection, Aloysius Domingo (4), Lillian Lee (5), Arlene Ng (3), Christine Klein (4), while inferior frontal areas appear to be restricted to response Alexander Münchau (4) selection only. The results indicate that different areas in the re- 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent sponse inhibition network are important for different aspects of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: Experi- inhibitory control. mental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech DO 17 Republic; 3: XDP Study Group, Philippine Children’s Medical Center, Quezon Subkortikale und präfrontale Verarbeitung von Neurofeed- City, Philippines; 4: Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; 5: Faculty of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo back Tomas, Manila, Philippines Christian Paret, Jenny Zähringer, Matthias Ruf, Gabriele Ende, Christi- Cognitive control is required to cope with behavioral conflicts, induced an Schmahl by distracting information, which can emerge by consciously as well Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland subliminally processed information. It is known that both sources of Mit Neurofeedback kann die willentliche Kontrolle der Hirnaktivierung information interact, which suggests that they share common neural geübt und verbessert werden. Für das Erlernen zielgerichteter mechanisms. In the current study we investigated whether these Handlungen spielt die Bewertung von Feedback eine zentrale Rolle. Es interaction effects are modulated by microstructural basal ganglia liegen umfassende Bildgebungsstudien zur Feedback-Verarbeitung dysfunction. In the early stages, patients with X-linked dystonia aus Entscheidungs- und Verhaltensstudien vor. Bislang beleuchten parkinsonism (XDP) typically show a selective deterioration of striatal jedoch kaum Untersuchungen die Verarbeitung von Neurofeedback im striosomes. Therefore, XDP patients and healthy controls conducted a menschlichen Gehirn. combined flanker and subliminal priming paradigm while recording an N=19 gesunde Probandinnen nahmen an einem Experiment mit EEG. The interaction effects of conscious and subliminal processing funktioneller Kernspintomographie (TR=1s, 18 Schichten, 3x3x3 cm, were larger in XDP patients, emphasizing the importance of strioso- 835 Schichtpakete) teil und erhielten in Echtzeit visuelle Rückmeldung mal structures for cognitive control. This effect appears to be related über das BOLD-Signal in der rechten Amygdala über ein ‚Thermome- to conflict monitoring and response selection processes, as indicated ter‘. Emotionale Aktivierung wurde zeitgleich durch negative Bilder by N2 ERP modulations, involving the anterior cingulate cortex. induziert. Die Teilnehmerinnen wurden instruiert, dass Neurofeedback Bottom-up perceptual gating and attentional selection processes, as die ‚emotionale Aktvierung im Gehirn sichtbar‘ mache und sie diese indicated by P1/N1, as well as motor response activation processes, regulieren sollten. Drei Versuchsbedingungen wurden untersucht: (1) as indicated by LRP ERPs, were not affected. This suggests that the Verstärken, (2) Abschwächen und (3) Bild betrachten ohne Feedback. basal ganglia striosomes are critical for the processing of conscious Feedback-korrelierte Hirnaktivierung wird mit ereignisbezogenen and subliminal sources i.e. cognitive control processes. Stimulusfunktionen in SPM12 modelliert und parametrisch moduliert. DO 16 BOLD-Antworten auf einen An- und Abstieg des ‚Thermometers‘ werden getrennt nach Bedingungen analysiert und in einem 2 Distinguishing theta frequency stimulus and response (Bedingung: Verstärken, Abschwächen) x 2 (Feedback: Anstieg, codes in prefrontal areas during inhibitory control Abstieg) faktoriellen Design untersucht. Interaktions- und Hauptef- Moritz Mückschel (1,2), Gabriel Dippel (1), Christian Beste (1,3) fekte werden voxelweise in einem Random-Effects-Modell analysiert 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent und nach Korrektur für multiple Vergleiche auf Signifikanz überprüft. Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden; 2: MS Centre Dresden, Faculty Vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen eine verstärkte ventrale Striatum- of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 3: Experimental Neurobiology, Antwort auf belohnendes Feedback. Im frontopolaren Kortex zeigt National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic sich ein Haupteffekt ‚Bedingung‘. Das Zwischenhirn und der ventro- mediale Präfrontalkortex reagieren auf Feedback, unabhängig von Response inhibition relies on a complex network of cortical and Instruktion und Valenz. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Beteiligung subcortical structures, including the superior frontal cortical areas like unterschiedlicher Hirnsysteme bei der Verarbeitung verschiedener the supplementary motor area and inferior frontal areas. It is as- Aspekte von Neurofeedback hin. sumed that these areas play different roles in response inhibition, Limitationen ergeben sich u.a. aus der beschränkten räumlichen among others process different contents of information. In the Abdeckung des Gehirns. Zur Übertragbarkeit auf andere Neurofeed- current study we try to answer this question, by focusing on theta back-Zielregionen kann keine Aussage gemacht werden. frequency band oscillations using a Go/Nogo task and combining

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DO 18 coordinates of maximal correlation in the striatum were detected. Resource allocation in interruption processing: An age Afterwards, we applied a principle component analysis to find the most representative spatial axis, projected the coordinates of subject- comparison specific voxel wise peak connectivity onto the first principal compo- Stefan Arnau, Edmund Wascher, Kristina Küper nent, and entered these maps into SPM group comparisons. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors At a liberal, exploratory threshold of p<0.005 unc., k=20, we identified (IfADo), Deutschland the right anterior insula (rAI), right orbitofrontal cortex, and left BA44 as regions with shifted cortico-striatal connectivity in AUD. Striatal In modern working environments the ability to multitask is often peak connectivity of the rAI was correlated with self-reported urge to crucial for maintaining high task-performance. Multitasking heavily drink alcohol in the AUD group (r=.48, p<0.001). depends on cognitive functions like selective attention, task switching, These results suggest that alcohol use disorder is associated with and working memory. All of these functions were found to decline shifts in the functional architecture of cortico-striatal connectivity and with increasing age. Against the background of an aging workforce it furthermore indicate a possible mechanism how the functional role of is therefore of special interest, whether the older employees‖ perfor- the rAI is altered in alcohol addiction. mance is especially vulnerable when the primary task is interrupted by an unrelated task. We addressed this question by comparing the DO 20 behavior as well as EEG measures of younger and older adults when Die visuelle Mismatch Negativity ist sensitiv für die Position performing in a nested task. For the primary task, participants had to eines Reizes im visuellen Feld memorize one of two sequentially presented stimuli while ignoring the other. In one third of the trials, this sequence was interrupted by a Stefan Berti math task. The behavioral results show, that older adults‖ perfor- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Deutschland mance was indeed more severely affected by interruptions, compared Die visuelle Mismatch Negativity (vMMN) spiegelt die automatische to younger adults. Additionally, older participants performed worse in Verarbeitung von seltenen und unerwarteten Veränderungen in der the interruption task. Electrophysiological data suggests, that older visuellen Umwelt wieder. Im seriellen Oddball-Design kann die vMMN participants made use of a different strategy for task processing unter anderem durch eine kleine Veränderung der Position, an der ein compared to younger adults. Time-frequency decomposition revealed relevanter visueller Stimulus präsentiert wird, ausgelöst werden. higher frontal midline theta power in older adults in response to trial Offen ist allerdings, ob das auch gilt, wenn die Stimuli nur im rechten onset. Theta power in younger adults was enhanced following the cue oder linken visuellen Halbfeld präsentiert werden. Um dies zu testen, signaling an upcoming interruption. This result pattern indicates a haben zehn Vpn eine visuelle Klassifikationsaufgabe bearbeitet. Dazu more specific allocation of cognitive resources in younger adults to wurden den Vpn Ziffern blockweise entweder im linken oberen oder the interfering task. Older participants prioritized the primary task and im rechten oberen Quadranten präsentiert. Die Aufgabe bestand failed accordingly when an interruption occurred. darin, zu entscheiden, ob die Ziffer eine gerade oder ungerade Zahl ist. DO 19 Zusätzlich wurde in 10% der Durchgänge die Ziffer leicht nach oben Shifts in the Functional Architecture of Cortico-Striatal verschoben präsentiert; diese Veränderung war irrelevant für die Aufgabe. Die Positionsveränderung führte dennoch zu einer Ver- Resting State Connectivity in Alcohol Use Disorder schlechterung der Leistung der Vpn, was nahelegt, dass die Position Martin Fungisai Gerchen, Alena Becker, Martina Kirsch, Falk Kiefer, parallel mitverarbeitet wird und eine Veränderung automatisch Peter Kirsch detektiert wird. Dies spiegelt sich auch in den ereigniskorrelierten Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland Potentialen wieder: Unabhängig davon, ob die Stimuli im linken oder rechten Halbfeld präsentiert wurden, zeigt sich eine vMMN auf die A well-established organizational principle of the frontal cortex are selten und irrelevanten Positionsänderungen. Dies legt nahe, dass die parallel cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loops that are thought to Position im visuellen Feld auf der Ebene der sensorischen Verarbei- constitute a spiraling hierarchy from reward over cognitive to motor tung kodiert wird und nicht etwa der Wechsel vom linken zum rechten systems. These systems have been consistently described in primate Auge (oder umgekehrt) die vMMN auslöst. electrophysiology and human fMRI data, but the existence and relevance of interindividual differences in their functional architecture is unknown. Therefore, we used resting state fMRI in n=46 detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and n=37 healthy partici- pants to assess the functional architecture of frontal-striatal connec- tivity as a major part of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loops, and explore its association with AUD. Analyses were conducted with MATLAB and SPM12. The functional images were preprocessed, and for each voxel in the frontal lobes the

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DO 21 behavioral and neural data can be expanded into a cognitive latent Punishment sensitivity is linked to tonic activity in the right variable model (CLVM) by including data from multiple conditions and/or tasks (Vandekerckhove, 2011). In addition to jointly modeling dorsolateral prefrontal cortex behavioral and neural data, a cognitive latent variable framework Robert Schnuerch (1), Stefan Pfattheicher (2), Sebastian Markett (1), allows estimating correlations between higher-order latent variables, Henning Gibbons (1) which reflect the covariance in behavioral and neural data across 1: University of Bonn, Germany; 2: Ulm University, Germany experimental tasks. In the present study, we constructed CLVMs to assess the latent Various models of personality include the assumption that basic relationship between latencies of ERP components reflecting higher- temperament is governed by two motivational systems: an approach order processing (P2, N2, P3) and behavioral data in three binary and an avoidance system. Their respective contribution most likely choice tasks. The latent drift rate parameter of the diffusion model depends on reinforcement sensitivity, that is, the habitual responsiv- was most strongly related to the shared variance between ERP ity to reward and/or punishment. Interestingly, one of the neurobio- latencies (i.e., the general speed of higher-order processing), but also logical substrates of reinforcement sensitivity appears to be a brain showed specific associations with N2 and P3 latencies. Thes results structure that has traditionally been implicated in cognitive control support the notion that the buildup rate of a positive centroparietral and executive processes: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). potential may directly reflect the rate of evidence accumulation on a High sensitivity to threat and punishment is positively associated with neural level (Kelley & O'Connell, 2013, O'Connell, Dockree & Kelley, tonic activity in the right-posterior DLPFC. In the present study, this 2012). finding was replicated and extended by means of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and source modeling (sLORETA). Our DO 23 participants (N = 40) were awake and resting while neural activity was Audio-visual integration in age-related hearing-loss recorded for several minutes. For three different frequency bands that inversely reflect cortical activation (delta, theta, alpha-1), intracerebral Stephanie Rosemann (1, 2), Christiane Thiel (1, 2) activity in the right and left DLPFC was estimated. Confirming our 1: Biologische Psychologie, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, prediction, we found that self-reported punishment sensitivity was Deutschland; 2: Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky selectively positively associated with tonic activation of the right Universität Oldenburg, Deutschland DLPFC. The strength of this link was similar for female and male Previous research provides compelling evidence for a cross-modal participants. Moreover, there was a trend toward a negative associa- plastic reorganization following sensory deprivation, leading to an tion between punishment sensitivity and tonic activation of the left increased neural response to visual input in the auditory cortex. DLPFC. Our findings corroborate the assumption that the DLPFC, as a Recent animal and human data indicate that these changes can hub for control functions, plays a key role in fundamental motivational already be observed after a moderate hearing-impairment. However, processes and, thus, in personality. It might read out and inhibit basic the influence of the reduced auditory input on audio-visual interac- affective signals, presumably regulating spontaneous approach or tions is largely unknown. Twenty participants with mild to moderate avoidance tendencies. hearing-loss who do not yet wear a hearing-aid and twenty normal- DO 22 hearing age-matched participants performed an audio-visual speech detection task in which they had to indicate which word was included A model-based cognitive neuroscience account of the in the previous sentence. Sentences were presented either audio- chronometry of human decision making visually congruent, audio-visually incongruent, only visually or only Anna-Lena Schubert (1), Michael D. Nunez (2,3), Gidon T. Frischkorn auditory. Furthermore, the participants performed a working memory (1), Dirk Hagemann (1) task, an audio-visual integration task quantified by the McGurk 1: Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; 2: illusion, and a questionnaire for the hearing effort. Analysis of the data Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA; 3: indicate significantly higher hearing effort and stronger audio-visual Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, USA integration for the hearing-impaired subjects. Furthermore, hearing- loss was highly correlated with audio-visual integration with higher The integration of formal modeling of behavioral data and cognitive hearing-loss leading to stronger audio-visual integration. These neuroscience has been described as model-based cognitive neurosci- results indicate that mild to moderate hearing-impaired subjects are ence (Forstmann et al., 2011). The main idea of model-based cogni- more prone to incongruent audio-visual speech input than normal- tive neuroscience is the simultaneous analysis of behavioral and brain hearing subjects, which may lead to an altered processing of audio- data under the assumption that both measures reflect properties of visual information. The speech detection task was implemented in a the same latent cognitive process. This simultaneous analysis is functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Neural data typically achieved in a hierarchical Bayesian framework using formal relating hearing-loss, audio-visual interactions and cross-modal mathematical models such as the diffusion model to constrain or reorganization of the auditory cortex are currently analysed. inform inferences based on the brain data. The joint analysis of

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DO 24 (EEG) data was analyzed using residue iteration decomposition to Emotional Modulation of Conflict Control Processes eliminate the high intra-individual variability. The analysis of classic ERPs related to conflict monitoring revealed no Marie Luise Schreiter differences between patients with ADD and ADHD-C. However, when Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Deutschland individual variability was accounted for, clear differences became apparent in the C-cluster (analogue to the P3 ERP-component). While In order to efficiently adapt to an environment with competing patients with ADD distinguished between compatible and incompati- stimulus response representations, conflict control processes are ble flanker trials early on, patients with ADHD-C seemed to rely more critical. Studies have shown that conflicting task-irrelevant emotional on automated response selection, through which they were able to information can aggravate performance in an emotion classification reach the same behavioural outcome as patients with ADD. These task. The underlying neuro-functional system involved, and the differences are reflected in neuronal processes in inferior parietal specific impact of emotional valence on these conflict control pro- areas. cesses, however, remain to be elucidated. We examined the behavior- The study demonstrates differences in neuronal mechanisms related al and neurophysiological correlates of conflict processing arising from to response selection processes between ADD and ADHD-C. Im- emotionally conflicting information, using an adaptation of the portantly, these differences could only be detected when accounting Emotional Stroop paradigm combining EEG-recordings with source for intra-individual variability. The two groups differ in regards to the localization analyses. mechanisms connected to the accumulation of evidence when aiming The results reliably replicate emotional Stroop-interference effects to reach a decision about the response to be selected. found in previous studies, as indexed by decreased response accuracy and slower reaction times on conflicting trials. Moreover, we show DO 26 that the valence of emotions has to be taken into account, as the Decoding retrieval success and memory content during identification of negative emotions (i.e. angry and disgust) is more compromised by conflicting task-irrelevant emotional information short-term memory maintenance than the classification of positive emotions. On a neurophysiological Monika Schönauer (1), Sarah Alizadeh (1), Hamidreza Jamalabadi (1), level this impact of conflicting information was, however, not reflect- Mirjam Emmersberger (2), Steffen Gais (1) ed in early perceptual, attentional or conflict monitoring processes. 1: Universität Tübingen, Deutschland; 2: LMU München, Deutschland Rather conflicting emotional information seems to compromise working memory updating (P3), thus aggravating and delaying the In his search for the physical substrate of long-term memory in the identification of task-relevant emotions. Moreover, it was shown that brain, Semon proposed that, apart from coding the particular content the identification of positive emotions was less impacted on by of a learning episode, an engram should enable correct memory conflicting task-irrelevant emotional information, as was reflected in retrieval. Using multivariate pattern classification, we tested whether conflict-related slow potentials (and activity in middle frontal and electrical brain activity recorded during short-term memory mainte- superior frontal gyrus). This may be due to the fact that the differenti- nance satisfies these conditions, and where identified short-term ation between negative emotions requires more processing capacity memory representations reside. In our experiment, participants than the less challenging identification of the positive emotion. learned two short-term memory tasks, encoding either pictures of faces or houses, or sequences of digits or letters. Brain activity was DO 25 recorded using EEG. It was possible to decode retrieval success from Neuronal intra-individual variability masks response selec- electrical brain activity during the delay period of both short-term tion differences between ADHD subtypes memory tasks. Moreover, we could distinguish whether participants kept pictures of faces or houses in memory, and classifier perfor- Marie Luise Schreiter mance on this problem correlated with successful memory mainte- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Deutschland nance. Using spatial as well as frequency band-based searchlight analyses, we found that distinct brain areas and frequency bands Due to the high intra-individual variability, which has been suggested coded for the success versus the content of short-term memory. to be endophenotype of ADHD, there may be a considerable bias in Frontal and parietal higher frequency bands and alpha activity knowledge about altered neurophysiological processes underlying predicted retrieval success, whereas memory content was represent- executive dysfunctions in patients with different ADHD subtypes. ed in temporal and parietal higher frequency ranges, as well as theta When aiming to establish dimensional cognitive-neurophysiological activity. We propose that frontal cortex supports memory-related constructs of ADHD, it is crucial to consider such processes independ- control processes, whereas temporal cortex shows a sensory ent of variability. reinstatement of material content and is part of the wider activated We examined patients with the predominantly inattentive subtype network during memory retention. Interestingly, the only overlap (ADD) and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-C) in a flanker task between electrodes coding for retrieval success and memory content measuring conflict control. In addition to classic event-related potential (ERP) techniques and source localisation, neurophysiological

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was found over medial parietal regions, indicating that a dedicated frontal negativity (MFN) and posterior P3b in the event-related short-term memory representation resides in medial posterior cortex. potential (ERP). In a blind detection of the individual critical items, an item was classified as conspicuous if two of the four measures RT, DO 27 error percent, MFN-P3a difference amplitude, and P3b scored more Acute laboratory and real-life stress – consistency and than 1.5 standard deviations above the mean of the remaining four specificity across response domains items. With its sensitivity (0.73) and specificity (0.95), this combined- measures algorithm outperformed a chance detection (0.2/0.2), as Gina-Isabelle Henze (1), Tanja Julia Hiltl (1), Sandra Zänkert (1), David well as an algorithm based on RT alone. In Experiment 2 using a F. Urschler (2), Brigitte M. Kudielka (1), Jens C. Prüssner (3), Stefan furniture/clothing categorization, behavioral and ERP deception Wüst (1) effects were replicated in 25 new participants, with only slight 1: Universität Regensburg, Deutschland; 2: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität adjustments made to the ERP time windows. Again, the two-out-of- Jena, Deutschland; 3: Univerisät Konstanz, Deutschland four criterion (RT, errors, MFN-P3a difference, P3b) showed excellent The Trier Social Stress Test is a valid protocol to induce stress under detection performance of the critical items (sensitivity 0.88, specificity laboratory conditions. Despite its popularity, few attempts were made 0.94). Findings indicate that deception involves attentional processes to explore the ecological validity of the TSST. In our study, 31 subjects beyond cognitive control, that is, enhanced orienting to, and deeper (24 females) were exposed to the TSST before completing an oral encoding of, the critical items as reflected in P3a and P3b, respective- exam on a separate weekday. Cortisol levels increased significantly in ly. Furthermore, detection of deceptive responses benefits from a response to both stimuli (TSST: F(2.21, 66.33) = 5.73, p = .004; exam: combination of behavioral and ERP measures. F(1.98, 59.28) = 4.38, p = .017) with similar response curves and DO 29 correlations between cortisol increases and areas under the curves (increase: r = .67; AUC: r = .56; both p ≤ .01). Anodale tDCS Stimulation erhöht die Anstrengungsbereit- Consistently, heart rate responses (subgroup with N = 15, 12 females) schaft gesunder Probanden in Abhängigkeit von Gewinnhö- were also significantly associated (increase: r = .76; p ≤ .01; AUC: r = he und Gewinnwahrscheinlichkeit .56; p ≤ .05) while different time course dynamics (F(2.48, 29.74) = Hanno Andreas Ohmann, Niclas Kuper, Lara Kröncke, Jan Wacker 4.34, p = .02) suggested a somewhat lower stress load during the exam. Universität Hamburg, Deutschland Significant correlations were also found for affect changes (increase: Wenngleich die Aktivierung linksfrontaler kortikaler Areale vielfach mit positive affect: r = .36; negative affect: r = .50; both: p ≤ .05; AUC: Annäherungsmotivation in Verbindung gebracht wurde, ist bislang positive affect: r = .81; negative affect: r = .70; both p ≤ .01) but weitgehend ungeklärt, ob den beobachteten Korrelationen ein response curves differed markedly (positive affect: F(2.55, 76.60) = Kausalzusammenhang zugrunde liegt. In der vorliegenden Studie 10.15, p < .001; negative affect: F(1.56, 46.82) = 23.32, p < .001) untersuchten wir daher mittels ‚transcranial direct current stimulati- indicating a more pronounced affect response to the exam. on‘ (tDCS), ob anodale Stimulation des linken dorsolateralen Präfron- Our findings suggest remarkably consistent associations between talkortex (dlPFC) mittels tDCS, die Annäherungsmotivation, erfasst als reactions to our laboratory and real-life stress, while, at the same Anstrengungsbereitschaft in einer Aufgabe zum belohnungsabhängi- time, response patterns differed, particularly between biological and gen Entscheidungsverhalten, erhöht. affect responses. 60 gesunde, rechtshändige Probanden (38 Frauen, Durchschnittsalter 24,8 Jahre) nahmen an jeweils zwei Untersuchungsterminen teil. DO 28 Dabei wurden die Probanden pseudo-randomisiert an einem Ver- Attentional processing during instructed deception: Effects suchstag mittels anodaler tDCS Stimulation und an dem anderen on behavior and event-related potentials and their use in an Versuchstag mittels einer Pseudo-Stimulation (SHAM) stimuliert. An individual detection of the critical items beiden Tagen absolvierten die Probanden die ‚Effort-Expenditure-for- Reward-Task‘ (EEfRT). Die abhängige Variable der EEfRT ist die binäre Henning Gibbons (1), Robert Schnuerch (1), Jutta Stahl (2) Entscheidung zwischen einer leichten und einer schweren Aufgabe, 1: Universität Bonn, Deutschland; 2: Universität zu Köln, Deutschland welche in Abhängigkeit von Gewinnhöhe und Gewinnwahrscheinlich- Based on the idea that deceptive responding deviates from a default keit analysiert wird. mode of telling the truth, we predicted enhanced attentional pro- Über alle Trials betrachtet hatte die Stimulation keinen signifikanten cessing of items triggering a deceptive response, compared to Einfluss auf das Entscheidungsverhalten. Allerdings waren die standard items. In Experiment 1, 20 participants repeatedly catego- Interaktionen zwischen Stimulation und Gewinnwahrscheinlichkeit rized five each visually presented animal and plant names. However, bzw. zwischen Stimulation und Gewinnhöhe signifikant, wobei die one name of each category had to be responded deceptively. For Probanden während und nach anodaler tDCS Stimulation häufiger die these critical items we found significant increases in response time schwere Aufgabe bei niedriger versus hoher Gewinnwahrscheinlich- (RT) and error percent, along with greater amplitudes of P3a, medial-

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keit bzw. hohen versus niedrigen Gewinnbeträgen wählten im DO 31 Vergleich zur SHAM. The neural signature of memory intrusions Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie sprechen dafür, dass anodale tDCS Stimulation des linken dlPFC die Annäherungsmotivation Gerd T. Waldhauser, Malte Kobelt, Nikolai Axmacher gesunder Teilnehmer in Abhängigkeit der Eigenschaften der potentiel- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland len Belohnungen erhöht und dass sich linksfrontale kortikale Aktivie- Memory intrusions are a hallmark symptom of various psychiatric rung kausal auf Annäherungsmotivation auswirkt. Die relative conditions, most notably posttraumatic stress disorder. Employing Verschiebung der Anstrengungsbereitschaft der Probanden hin zu electroencephalography (EEG), the present study set out to investi- Belohnungen mit geringer Gewinnwahrscheinlichkeit und hohen gate what distinguishes involuntary intrusions from intentional Gewinnbeträgen spricht dabei für eine spezifisch erhöhte Annähe- retrieval of desired memory representations. rungsmotivation. We contrasted neural activity between two subsequent experimental DO 30 phases, an intentional retrieval and a visual discrimination task. Both tasks utilized the same stimulus material consisting of pairs of Tracking representational similarity and oscillatory corre- centrally presented abstract cues and pictures of everyday objects lates of selective rehearsal and active inhibition in a directed presented in the left or right visual hemifield as targets. During forgetting paradigm intentional retrieval, participants engaged in item recognition on the

Marie-Christin Fellner, Gerd T. Waldhauser, Nikolai Axmacher cues and were instructed to remember the targets and their respec- tive hemifield of presentation. During visual discrimination, cues were Ruhr Universität Bochum, Deutschland presented in an identical manner, but participants now completed a An essential mechanism in memory is to selectively process memory speeded visual discrimination task, subsequently indicating involun- representations depending on their relevance for achieving current tary intrusion of the target. cognitive and motivational goals. Despite a long history of research, it Voluntary retrieval was characterized by an increase of brain oscillato- is unclear whether this is achieved through the selective rehearsal of ry power at theta (5-9 Hz) frequency at parietal and frontal electrodes relevant items or the active inhibition of irrelevant items. We studied in a time window from 700-1200 ms, consistent with recollection and this question by applying multivariate analysis methods to EEG data post-retrieval monitoring. In contrast, involuntary intrusions led to to track item-specific representation in the EEG during an item- prolonged reaction times in the discrimination task and an early (200- method directed forgetting paradigm. 700 ms) frontocentral theta power increase, supposedly signaling During encoding, pictures of everyday objects were followed by a cue interference of unwanted memory representations. indicating whether an item needs to be remembered (R cue) or can be These results suggest that memory intrusions trigger an early forgotten (F-cue). In line with previous studies memory performance interference signal but are not followed by indices of recollection and for F-cued items was significantly lower than for R-cued items. To post-retrieval processing observed in voluntary retrieval. These elucidate whether this difference in memory performance is related to insights could aid the development of novel therapeutic techniques rehearsal, inhibition or both, item-specific representations were such as the modulation of theta power by means of brain stimulation contrasted during R and F cues. Initially, 500-1000ms post cue, item- in service of controlling involuntary memories. specific representations were significantly reduced for voluntarily forgotten F-cued items in contrast to non-voluntarily forgotten R- DO 32 cued items. This downregulation of item representations during THETA-GAMMA CROSS-FREQUENCY COUPLING: A MARK- voluntary forgetting concurred with increases of alpha power during F ER FOR THE DEEPNESS OF HYPNOSIS? cues contrasted to R cues, possibly reflecting the inhibition of item Mareike Johanna Hülsemann, Maren Cordi, Björn Rasch specific representations. In a later time window, 1500-2000ms post cue, neural signatures of voluntarily remembered R-cued items Université Fribourg, Schweiz increased in contrast to involuntarily remembered F-cued items, The neuronal dissociation hypothesis states, that hypnosis is an indicating the selective rehearsal and enhancement of desired altered state of consciousness caused by a decoupling of brain areas, memory representations. which are coupled under normal conditions. Support for this hypothe- The current results show that memory representations can voluntari- sis is mainly provided by studies on pain, showing reductions in ly be up- or downregulated by the sequential employment of active gamma coherence under hypnosis. Theta activity typically increases inhibition and selective rehearsal mechanisms. during hypnosis compared to control conditions in participants suggestible for hypnosis. Similar increases have been reported for gamma activity, although less consistently. A possible explanation for the inconsistency in gamma-related findings is that not gamma activity per se, but its coupling to theta is associated with hypnosis. Based on the neuronal dissociation hypothesis, we hypothesize that

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the strength of theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling should DO 34 decrease during the state of hypnosis in high suggestible subjects. We Exogenous cortisol boosts risky decision-making in men but tested this hypothesis in two independent data sets, each consisting not in women of groups of high and low suggestible subjects. The hypnosis consist- ed of a standard induction procedure, followed by suggestions to Lisa Marieke Kluen (1), Agorastos Agorastos (2), Klaus Wiedemann (2), imagine a fish swimming deeper and deeper in the water. Previous Lars Schwabe (1) results have shown that these suggestions are capable of prolonging 1: Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany; later periods of slow-wave sleep (SWS). Preliminary results show that 2: Department of Psychiatry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, during the hypnosis, theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling is Germany present in all subjects, although to a lesser extend during hypnosis Acute stress has been repeatedly shown to impact risky decision- compared to the control condition in high suggestible subjects. In making, yet differently in men and women. While stress enhances accordance with the predictions of the neuronal dissociation hypothe- risk-taking in men, no such effects or even reduced risk-taking have sis, theta-gamma coupling might indicate deepness of hypnosis and been reported in women after stress. The impact of stress on risky might be related to the success of hypnotic induction and sugges- decision-making has been linked to the stress-induced rise in cortisol. tions. Yet, whether elevated cortisol is indeed sufficient to modulate risk- DO 33 taking, whether its impact on risk-taking behavior is comparable in Temporal dissociation of the bed nucleus of the stria men and women, and whether cortisol exerts its effects on risk- taking in interaction with noradrenaline is currently unknown. To terminalis and amygdala during threat anticipation in address these questions, healthy men and women received orally patients suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder either a placebo, hydrocortisone, yohimbine, an alpha-2- Christine Buff (1), Leonie Brinkmann (1), Maximilian Bruchmann (1), adrenoceptor-antagonist leading to increased noradrenergic stimula- Michael Becker (1), Sara Tupak (1), Martin Herrmann (2), Thomas tion, or both drugs before completing a validated measure of risk- Straube (1) taking behavior, the balloon analogue risk task. Our results showed that cortisol triggered increased risk-taking in men but not in women. 1: Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of While increased noradrenergic stimulation after yohimbine intake did Muenster; 2: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychother- not modulate the impact of cortisol on risk-taking behavior, yohim- apy, University Clinic Wuerzburg bine administration tended even to reduce risky decision-making, Sustained anticipatory anxiety is a core symptom in Generalized both in men and women. These findings show a causal influence of Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and facilitates its development and mainte- cortisol on risk-taking behavior in men but not in women, pointing to nance. Influential neurobiological models propose a specific role for cortisol as the driving force in the gender-specific impact of stress on the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in sustained responses risk-taking. to threat, while phasic responses are associated with amygdala activity. It has been hypothesized that sustained anticipatory anxiety DO 35 in GAD patients may be linked to alterations in BNST activity, but to Empathy and social decision making in long-term MDMA date, no firm evidence was reported yet. The present study aimed to users. disentangle phasic and sustained responses during threat- anticipation in GAD patients relative to healthy controls (HC). Partici- Michael Wunderli (1), Matthias Vonmoos (1), Markus Baumgartner (2), pants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a Erich Seifritz (3), Boris Quednow (1) temporally unpredictable threat anticipation paradigm. We imple- 1: Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of mented phasic and a systematic variation of sustained response Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, models for blood oxygen level-dependent responses during threat- University of Zurich, Switzerland; 2: Center of Forensic Hairanalytics, anticipation, to disentangle temporally dissociable involvement of Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; 3: BNST and amygdala. GAD patients relative to HC responded to threat Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiat- minus neutral anticipation with elevated phasic amygdala and with ric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland delayed-sustained BNST activity. Our findings suggest that both 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is the prototypical amygdala and BNST show altered responses in GAD during threat prosocial drug inducing enhanced empathy, increased prosocial anticipation, albeit with different time courses. All findings survived feelings, and a general sense of well-being. While research on the strong statistical criteria based on permutation test statistics. acute effects on empathy suggests that MDMA enhances emotional Especially the BNST findings underline for the first time the role of the and decreases cognitive empathy, the long-term effects of MDMA BNST in sustained response to threat in GAD, and contribute to a use on social cognition have not been investigated. Therefore, we deeper understanding of pathological anticipatory anxiety in GAD. examined emotional and cognitive empathy and social decision making in MDMA users. We tested 38 main MDMA users and 56

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drug-naïve controls with the Movie for the Assessment of Social DO 37 Cognition (MASC), the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), the Distribu- Single-session tDCS impacts upon response interference tion Game, and the Dictator Game. Recent drug use was objectively quantified by 6-month hair analyses. Long-term MDMA users Thorsten A. Brinkmann, Tim Van Lipzig, Maximilian Friehs, Christian showed more cognitive empathy than controls in the MET as well as Frings in the MASC whereas they did not differ from controls in emotional Universität Trier, Deutschland empathy. Additionally, MDMA users acted less self-serving in the The present study examined the role of the left dorsolateral prefrontal Dictator Game. To investigate if these group differences are a cortex (DLPFC) in response interference as for example measured in consequence of MDMA use or rather a predisposing trait, we re- the Stroop task. Neuropsychological research has shown that gressed the cognitive empathy performance on the objectively interference typically leads to an increase of activation in the left quantified drug use using MDMA hair concentrations. The result DLPFC. By using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) we shows that within MDMA users, an increase in MDMA consumption is investigated the performance in a two color-word Stroop task. After a associated with a decrease in cognitive empathy. Consequently, we baseline (Stroop pretest), neural activation of left DLPFC was either conclude that individuals with high cognitive empathy abilities and excited (anodal stimulation) or inhibited (cathodal stimulation). The pronounced social motivations might be more prone to MDMA stimulation period was followed by another identical task (Stroop consumption, possibly because of its well-known prosocial effects. posttest). Error data showed a larger Stroop effect only in the DO 36 cathodal stimulation condition in the posttest. This effect was mainly driven by an increase of the error rate in the incongruent condition. Contrasting error/correct-related negativities in traditional We interpret this finding as evidence for increased interference due to discrete task (flanker task) and continuous task (force tDCS induced inhibition of the left DLPFC. Our results thus confirm the production task) impact of the DLPFC in response interference by neural modulation as

Yohana Siswandari, Jutta Stahl well as the impact of single-session tDCS upon cognitive processes. Universität zu Köln, Germany DO 38 To date, human action monitoring studies mostly employed tasks Lasting Emotion Processing Deficits in Dependent Marijua- involving discrete response parameters (i.e., left and right hand na Users after 28-days of Abstinence response in a two-choice flanker task). Here, we investigated whether Kaeli Zimmermann (1), Shuxia Yao (2), Feng Zhou (2), Benjamin Becker the error /correct-related negativity (Ne/ERN or CRN) show the same (2) patterns in a continuous task (force production task) as in the tradi- tional discrete task (flanker task). While the observed components in 1: Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklin- both tasks were pretty much the same, we hypothesized that error ikum Bonn, Deutschland; 2: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, School processing should be more difficult for continuous response parame- of Life Science and Technology and Center for Information in Medicine, ters such as force or time, compared to a hand error. A total of 33 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China participants were tested individually in two sequential experimental Intact emotional functioning is vital for the long-term success of sessions. The participants performed successively a modified version addiction treatment strategies, including marijuana addiction. Previ- of an Eriksen-Flanker and a force production task. In the first session, ous studies reported altered emotion processing in chronic marijuana participants were asked to decide if the central digit was even or odd users after short abstinence periods (<2 days) suggesting residual with either their left or right index finger. In the second session, effects on emotional brain functions. However, due to the short participants were required to produce a brisk, short-lasting isometric abstinence periods long-term effects of use remain to be determined. force pulses with their right index finger, which amounts to 46% to To this end, the present fMRI study examined emotion processing in 54% of their Maximum Voluntary Force (MVF). We contrasted the ERP marijuana dependent subjects (n = 21) and carefully matched non- components (Ne/ERN and CRN) for correct and incorrect hand errors using controls (n = 20) after an abstinence period of >28 days. and correct and incorrect force production errors. In term of topo- Relative to healthy non-using control subjects, marijuana dependent graphic distributions, we found similarities and dissimilarities between subjects demonstrated increased medial orbitofrontal cortex activity the two tasks during the time course of 50 – 100 ms after response and stronger functional coupling of this region with the dorsal onset. Our results also revealed larger CRN but smaller Ne/ERN for striatum during processing of negative stimuli. A confirmatory the force task, which can be explained by a higher response uncer- analysis of resting state fMRI connectivity revealed increased tainty in the force task. functional coupling of this pathway at rest in marijuana users. In contrast, neural activity during processing of positive stimuli and the subjective emotional experience in terms of valence and arousal were comparable in both groups.

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Together, our findings provide the first evidence that marijuana Konsolidierung die Abrufleistung verbessert, wohingegen Stress dependence is associated with lasting valence-specific deficits in während des Abrufs die Leistung des selbigen beeinträchtigt. Studien, emotion processing of negative stimuli that may arise from general bei denen Stress zum Zeitpunkt der Enkodierung induziert wurde impairments in orbitofrontal cortex function. zeigen gemischte Ergebnisse. Einen Einfluss scheint weiterhin die Art des zu enkodierenden Materials (erregend oder neutral) und die Art DO 39 des Abrufs (freier Abruf oder Rekognition) auf die Gedächtnisleistung NRSN1 associated grey matter volume of the visual word zu haben. In der aktuellen Studie wurde der Einfluss von Stress vor form area reveals dyslexia before school der Enkodierung für neutrales und erregendes Bildmaterial auf die Rekognitionsprozesse Recollection und Familiarity untersucht. Dazu Michael Skeide (1), Indra Kraft (1), Bent Müller (2), Gesa Schaadt (1,3), wurden 80 Versuchspersonen (40 Männer) entweder dem Sozial Nicole Neef (1), Jens Brauer (1), Arndt Wilcke (2), Holger Kirsten (2,4), Evaluierten Cold Pressure Test oder einer Kontrollbedingung ausge- Johannes Boltze (2,5), Angela Friederici (1) setzt, 23 Minuten später enkodierten sie emotional erregende oder 1: Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften; 2: neutrale Bilder. Am nächsten Tag führten die Versuchspersonen einen Fraunhofer Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie; 3: Humboldt- Rekognitionstest durch. Speichelproben zur Analyse von Cortisol Universität zu Berlin; 4: Universität Leipzig; 5: Universität Lübeck wurden erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen differentielle Stresseffekte Learning how to read and spell requires the brain to reorganize in auf die beiden Rekognitionsprozesse. Hierarchische Regressionen response to environmental influences. At the same time, literacy skills weisen den Cortisolanstieg als signifikanten Prediktor für den Prozess are heritable and thus to some degree genetically predetermined. der Familiarity bei erregenden Bildern aus; ein stärkerer Cortisolan- Here we related 19 literacy-associated genes to gray and white stieg sagt eine Abnahme von Familiarity vorher. Es zeigen sich keine matter volumes derived by voxel-based morphometry in a cohort of Effekte für Delta Cortisol als Prediktor für Recollection. Diese Ergeb- 141 children ranging from 3 to 12 years of age. Subsequently, a nisse erweitern vorhergehende Studien, die ebenfalls differentielle sample of 34 children attending grades 4 to 8, and another sample of Effekte von Stress auf Recollection und Familiarity zeigten, abhängig 20 children, longitudinally followed from kindergarten to first grade, von dem zu enkodierenden Material und der Zeitwahl des Stressors. was separated into dyslexics and controls using linear binary support DO 41 vector machines. Age, gender, handedness, non-verbal IQ and parental education were included as covariates of no interest in the Brain functional and structural changes over learning and models. sleep The gray matter volume of the ""visual word form area"" (VWFA) was Svenja Brodt (1), Jonas Beck (1), Michael Erb (2), Steffen Gais (1), found to be related to NRSN1, a gene assumed to regulate neurite Monika Schönauer (1) growth. Moreover, the NRSN1-associated cluster in the VWFA 1: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University distinguished dyslexics and controls not only after several years of of Tübingen, Germany; 2: Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, schooling (classification accuracy: 73.53%, p = 0.031, family-wise Tübingen, Germany error-corrected), but also already at a kindergarten age before literacy instruction had actually begun (classification accuracy: 75%, p = 0.035, Traditionally, learning and memory consolidation are considered to family-wise error-corrected). rely on initial encoding by the hippocampus and subsequent, gradually These findings (published in the journal Brain) shed new light on the developing, stable storage in neocortical circuits. Recently, we have ""nature and nurture"" of literacy acquisition. We have shown that shown rapidly emerging memory-related functional activity in the there seems to be a genetic limit to the neuroplastic adaptivity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) that over learning repetitions becomes VWFA. These results could pave the way for identifying and treating independent of hippocampal signaling and fulfills necessary criteria dyslexia (the most common learning disorder) before it manifests for a long-term memory representation. In the current study, we itself in school. assessed whether these findings actually reflect neuronal plasticity by tracing learning-induced changes in gray matter microstructure. DO 40 Additionally, we were interested in the impact of sleep on both Stress vor Enkodierung – Differentielle Effekte auf Recoll- functional and structural changes. In a day-wake, night-sleep design ection und Familiarity two groups of subjects (n=41) learned object-place associations over eight learning-recall repetitions in two sessions spaced 13 hours Uta S. Wiemers, Tanja C. Hamacher-Dang, Oliver T. Wolf apart. Neural activity during learning and recall was measured with Ruhr Universität Bochum, Deutschland fMRI. To assess structural changes, we acquired diffusion weighted Der Einfluss von Stress und den damit einhergehenden hormonellen images at three time points: immediately before the first learning Veränderungen auf Lern- und Gedächtnisprozesse ist abhängig vom session, 90 minutes after the first learning session and again before Zeitpunkt des Stressors in Bezug auf Enkodierung, Konsolidierung und the second learning session, after a day of waking or a night of sleep. Abruf. Es besteht zum großen Teil Einigkeit, dass Stress während der In line with the results on functional brain activity, mean diffusivity in

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the PPC decreases after learning, which has been suggested as a DO 43 marker for long-term potentiation. The simultaneous investigation of Space- and object-based attention are reflected by differ- functional and structural changes confirms the rapid build-up of a ent components of the steady-state visual evoked potential long-term memory representation in the neocortex, which is further stabilized by sleep. The contribution of the hippocampus to encoding, Cora Fischer, Jochen Kaiser, Christoph Bledowski, Benjamin Peters however, seems to be confined to the very first encounter with new Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am information. Main, Deutschland

DO 42 Attentional selection facilitates processing of perceptual stimuli in Ablenkbarkeit durch sexuelle Reize – ein biologischer different ways. While space-based attention enhances processing at a spatially cued location, object-based attention means that attending Marker der Hypersexualität? one aspect of an object enhances processing of the entire object. It Jana Strahler (1), Onno Kruse (1), Sina Wehrum-Osinsky (1), Tim has remained unclear, however, to which extent space- and object- Klucken (2), Rudolf Stark (1) based attention rely on the same or different neural mechanisms. To 1: Psychotherapie und Systemneurowissenschaften, Justus-Liebig- address this question, in our experiment we presented randomly Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland; 2: Klinische Psychologie, moving dots within the outlines of two objects. Importantly, the dots Universität Siegen, Siegen, Deutschland flickered at one of six distinct frequencies in the range of 26.25-47.5 Hz in order to frequency-tag six different locations along the two Eine hohe Ablenkbarkeit durch sexuelle Reize wird als möglicher objects. Participants were cued to attend a location of one of the two Vulnerabilitätsfaktor für die Entwicklung von sexuell süchtigem visual objects and perform a dot motion detection task. We used EEG Verhalten diskutiert. Die erste zu überprüfende Annahme dieser steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) evoked by the flicker- Studie war, dass Personen mit einer hohen allgemeinen sexuellen ing, randomly moving dots to measure neural responses to three Motivation stärker auf sexuelle Reize ansprechen als Personen mit spatial locations each on the attended and unattended object. We niedriger sexueller Motivation. Eine weitere Grundidee war, dass die observed a sustained enhancement of the amplitude and the inter- Ablenkbarkeit durch sexuelle Reize in sexuell süchtigem Verhalten, trial phase coherence (ITPC) of the first SSVEP harmonic only at the z.B. problematischer Pornografiekonsum, resultiert. Deshalb nahmen spatially cued location. In contrast, an uncued location on the same wir an, dass die Ablenkbarkeit bei Männern mit sexuell süchtigem object as compared to an equidistant location on the different object Verhalten stärker ausgeprägt ist als bei gesunden Kontrollprobanden. showed a transient ITPC increase, but specifically of the second In zwei identisch ablaufenden Experimenten wurden 100 gesunde SSVEP harmonic. These results suggest that different components of Probanden (50 Frauen) sowie 20 Sexsüchtige (exzessiver Pornogra- the SSVEP differentiate between space- and object-based attention, fiekonsum) und 20 alters-gematchte Kontrollen mittels funktioneller indicating different neural underpinnings. Magnetresonanztomographie untersucht. Aufgabe der ProbandInnen war es zu entscheiden, ob zwei Linien, die links und rechts von einem DO 44 Bild mit entweder neutralem oder sexuellem Inhalt angeordnet Diverging influences of sleep on subjective and physiological waren, parallel ausgerichtet waren oder nicht (im Vergleich zu emotional reactivity in children Bildkategorisierung). Erste Analysen zeigen, dass die Reaktionszeiten in der Linienorientie- Elaina Bolinger (1,2), Jan Born (1,2,3), Katharina Zinke (1,2) rungsaufgabe bei Bildern mit sexuellem Inhalt im Vergleich zur 1: University of Tübingen, Deutschland; 2: Institute for Medical Psychology neutralen Bedingung verlangsamt waren. Im Gegensatz dazu hatten and Behavioural Neurobiology; 3: Centre for Integrative Neuroscience die allgemeine sexuelle Motivation und sexuell süchtiges Verhalten Children report a higher occurrence of both nightmares and night nur einen kleinen oder gar keinen Effekt auf die Reaktionszeiten. Das terrors compared to adults. What is more, children also exhibit more neuronale Aktivierungsmuster unterschied sich zwischen den slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, both of which have Bedingungen und je nach Bildinhalt, während Geschlecht, sexuelle been linked to the processing of emotional memories. Here, we asked Motivation und/oder sexuell süchtiges Verhalten nur einen geringen how sleep in school-age children (8-11 years, n = 14) is related to Effekt hatte. their ability to cope with emotional memories using a within-subjects Entgegen unserer Annahmen scheint die Ablenkbarkeit durch sexuelle delayed recognition paradigm. During the encoding session children Reize keine herausragende Rolle bei der Entstehung sexuell süchtigen were presented with 72 negative and 72 neutral images. Following Verhaltens zu spielen. Dies scheint durch einen Deckeneffekt erklär- each image, children were asked to rate their emotional response in bar: Sexuelle Reize binden allgemein viel Aufmerksamkeit, unabhängig terms of valence and arousal. After a delay period (~10 hours of either von der allgemeinen sexuellen Motivation oder sexuell süchtigem wake or sleep), participants were presented with the originally Verhalten. encoded images as well as 36 negative and 36 neutral distractor images. The children were again asked to rate each image, as well as report whether or not they had seen it during encoding. At all ses-

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sions, heart rate and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were DO 46 measured. Emotional reactivity (i.e. the difference in emotional Twice the paradigm, double the result! Replicated frontal response for negative compared to neutral images) for images at brain activation patterns and behavior in a virtual T-maze encoding was then compared to emotional reactivity for successfully remembered images at recognition. Our findings suggest sleep leads Johannes Rodrigues, Mathias Müller, Johannes Hewig to a decrease in emotional reactivity as measured by subjective Julius-Maximilians Universtität Würzburg, Deutschland ratings of valence, but to preservation of emotional reactivity as Frontal asymmetry is still discussed concerning the theoretical measured by heart rate deceleration and the late positive potential of constructs leading to the phenomenon. The original theory of Da- the EEG. Though preliminary, these results suggest that sleep in vidson and the specification by Harmon – Jones & Allen allocated children may influence physical and mental aspects of emotion approach motivation to relative left anterior brain activation and differently. withdrawal motivation to relative right anterior brain activation.

Hewig and colleagues extended this theory by adding a bilateral frontal activation representing a biological correlate of the behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavior. Wacker and colleagues POSTERSESSION DONNERSTAG theorized that relative left frontal brain activation stands for behavior, (POSTERNUMMERN 45 – 88) while relative right frontal brain activation stands for behavioral inhibition and the experience of conflict. These theories were investi-

gated in a state based approach with a paradigm where virtual DO 45 behavior and brain activation was measured simultaneously. Experiences in Virtual Reality: A Window to Autobiographical In an attempt to replicate and extend a first study using 30 partici- Memory pants, we used a slightly modified paradigm and examined 56 participants who explored a virtual T-maze in a desktop virtual reality Rebecca Sylvester, Joanna Kisker, Marlene Wessels, Thomas Gruber, paradigm. Benjamin Schöne Analyzing the influence of frontal brain activation measured via EEG Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland during the cueing phase of different events on the observed behavior, Virtual Reality(VR)-based paradigms could substantially increase the we found in both studies an influence of frontal asymmetry on the ecological validity of various psychological research topics as VR resulting behavioral categories shown in the paradigm. Additionally allows submerging into real-life experiences under controlled labora- there was more bilateral frontal brain activation (lower bilateral tory conditions. In particular, in the field of mnemonic research, frontal alpha activation) when participants were engaged in behavior concerns have been raised that ‘laboratory memory’ differs signifi- compared to doing nothing during a trial in both studies. cantly from ‘real-life’ autobiographical memory. An event in VR is The studies provide evidence for an approach-withdrawal model of characterized by personal relevance and self-involvement, which frontal asymmetry and a bilateral BAS model, where frontal asym- implies richer content and more elaborate associative networks. As a metry stands for behavioral motivation and bilateral frontal activation consequence autobiographical traces are formed. for behavior. Our study aimed to assess the immersive qualities of VR not only DO 47 upon application but –more importantly- during the retrieval of the virtual experiences subsequent to a VR session. We presented the Zum Einfluss des OXTR-Polymorphismus rs2268498 auf participants either a 360° VR or a 2D Video of a motorcycle ride den Attentional Bias bei Betrachtung emotional valenter followed by an unannounced recognition memory task 48 hours later. Bilder The participants in the VR-group achieved superior results in the Thomas Plieger, Elena Dieks, Thomas Grünhage, Martin Reuter memory task. Their reaction times were found to be delayed. Based on reaction time and retrieval success as valid indicators for the Universität Bonn, Deutschland profoundness of memory traces, we assume that autobiographical Oxytozin (OT), ein im Hypothalamus synthetisiertes Nonapeptid mit memory and episodic memory vary as a function of immersion during hormoneller und neurotransmissiver Wirkung, wird neben reprodukti- the encoding of identical visual experiences. Furthermore, in the VR- onsbezogen-physiologischen Phänomenen v.a. mit der Regulation group the participants‖ mood after the presentation of the 360°VR von Sozialverhalten in Verbindung gebracht. Applikationsstudien affected the memory consolidation process. zeigen beim Menschen u.a. Einfluss auf Bindungsverhalten, Spielent- These findings indicate that immersive VR experiences become part scheidungen in quasiökonomischen Paradigmen, Verarbeitung und of a profound autobiographical associative network, whereas the Wiederabruf sozialer Reize sowie die Intensität sozialer Interaktion. conventional video experience remains an isolated episodic event. Während die Administration exogenen OTs zweifellos wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Wirkungsweise des Peptids verspricht, ist die biologische Grundlage interindividueller Unterschiede in der Verarbei-

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tung sozialer Reize im endogenen OT-System zu vermuten, dessen geben. Weiterhin demonstrieren die Ergebnisse eine erfolgreiche differentielle Aktivität u.a. durch Variationen auf dem OT und Oxyto- Integration von EEG und VR und liefern damit einen neuen Zugang für zinrezeptor (OXTR-) Gen bedingt ist. Fraglich ist zudem, ob die OT- Forschung im Furcht- und Angstbereich. Effekte ausschließlich auf die Modulation höherer Evaluations- und Bewertungsprozesse zurückgehen, oder ob bereits frühe Phasen der DO 49 Stimulusprozessierung moduliert werden. Parameters of sleep and experimental pain and their Um dies zu überprüfen unterzogen wir N = 165 Personen einer Dot relationship in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain Probe Task mit emotionalen IAPS Bildern und berechneten den and healthy controls Attentional Bias für negative und positive Stimuli. Außerdem wurden alle Probanden für den rs2268498 Oxytozinrezeptorpolymorphismus Cindy Strömel, Elisabeth Ziegler, Stefan Lautenbacher genotypisiert. Universität Bamberg, Deutschland Es zeigte sich, dass Träger des T-Allels in beiden Bedingungen einen Both alterations in the pain system and sleep disruptions are common kleineren Bias aufwiesen, wohingegen Träger des C-Allels mit einer in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, but to date there is little stärkeren Zuwendung zu negativen Reizen und einer stärkeren known about the relationship between sleep and experimental pain in Abwendung von positiven Reizen einen größeren Attentional Bias this patient group. zeigten. Therefore this study aims at examining objective and subjective sleep Diese Ergebnisse legen in Einklang mit vorangegangenen Befunden parameters as well as parameters of experimental pain (pressure pain eine Modulation frühester Phasen der Verarbeitung emotionaler threshold, temporal summation, pain inhibition, pain catastrophizing). Stimuli durch den Polymorphismus nahe. In früheren Studien gefun- Additionally we aim to examine, whether sleep parameters can dene Unterschiede in komplexen Konstrukten wie Empathie, interper- predict overnight-changes in pain sensitivity. sonalem Vertrauen, Ängstlichkeit und prosozialen Tendenzen in Until now 17 pain patients and 17 healthy controls (out of intended Abhängigkeit von der Ausprägung des rs2268498 könnten sich 20) were studied. Sleep was polysomnographically assessed during zumindest teilweise auf diese Modulation zurückführen lassen. two non-consecutive nights. Pain testing (conditioned pain modula- DO 48 tion- (CPM-) paradigm) was conducted the evening before and the morning after each night. Contexts will tear us apart again: Virtuelle furchtkonditio- Results show worse sleep in patients according to objective (total nierte Kontexte modulieren das Late Positive Potential von sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, duration of awaken- Gesichtern ings and nREM stage 2) and subjective sleep parameters (restfulness), lower pain thresholds, enhanced pain catastrophizing and an impaired Christopher Stolz, Dominik Endres, Erik M. Mueller CPM. Hierarchical regression analyses with sleep parameters as Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschland predictors were calculated to predict overnight pain changes, but none Vorherige Studien konnten zeigen, dass emotionale Kontextinforma- reached statistical significance. tionen die kortikale Gesichtsverarbeitung modulieren. Bisher gibt es This study suggests that sleep in pain patients differs from healthy nur wenige Ergebnisse zur Integration von Gesichtern und visuell subjects‖ sleep according to overall sleep-related parameters, rather unterscheidbaren Kontexten. In dieser Studie (N = 25) wurde die than sleep-stage-specific parameters. Results concerning parameters kortikale Reaktion auf Gesichter in bedrohlichen Kontexten unter- of experimental pain were in line with previous findings. Despite group sucht. Um eine ökologisch valide Operationalisierung von Kontexten differences the relationship between regular sleep and experimental zu ermöglichen, wurde das Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) in der pain can be questioned, for sleep parameters lacking predictive value virtuellen Realität (VR) aufgezeichnet. Dabei wurde die Farbe der for overnight pain changes. Future research should therefore deter- Raumbeleuchtung (violett & türkis) als konditionierter kontextueller mine if a relationship becomes present after experimental disruption Stimulus genutzt und mit 95 dB (bedrohlicher Kontext) oder 80 dB of sleep. (sicherer Kontext) weißes Rauschen konditioniert. Anschließend wurden virtuelle Gesichter (neutral und ärgerlich) innerhalb der DO 50 Kontexte präsentiert und das EEG erhoben. Gesichter die im bedrohli- Optimism and pain perception - the influence of optimism chen Kontext gezeigt wurden und bedrohliche Ärgergesichter evozier- on the experience and the expression of pain ten ein stärkeres frühes Late Positive Potential (LPP; 300-600 ms) als Johanna Günther (1), Stefan Lautenbacher (1), Madelon Peters (2) neutrale Gesichter im sicheren Kontext. Auch im späten LPP (1000- 2000 ms) zeigten sich im bedrohlichen Kontext höhere Amplituden als 1: Department of Psychology, Physiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich im sicheren Kontext. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die späte University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany; 2: Department of Clinical Gesichtsverarbeitung durch kontextuelle Bedrohungen moduliert wird Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands und Kontextinformationen besonders dann wichtig werden, wenn Background: There‖s much evidence of the role of optimism as a Gesichtsausdrücke keine eindeutigen Hinweise über das Gegenüber resilience factor. In the pain context, numerous clinical and experi-

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mental studies have shown significant negative correlations between sleep and total sleep time, which showed a significant increase. The optimism and pain experience. The Best-Possible-Self-technique has results demonstrate that it is possible to influence sleep voluntarily. been proven successful in inducing situational optimism. It has never Findings show a first answer to the question if sleep is influenceable been systematically examined whether optimism modifies the within one´s mean. communication (e.g. the facial expression) of pain. Aims: In an experimental setting, a temporarily more optimistic state DO 52 should be induced to examine the impact of optimism on the experi- Activation in the mirror neuron system during social cogni- ence and on the facial expression of pain. tion varies with schizotypy traits in healthy participants Methods: Forty participants underwent two painful thermal stimula- Zhimin Yan (1,3), Stephanie Schmidt (1,3), Joachim Hass (2,3), Peter tions on the forearm. In between, the experimental manipulation, an Kirsch (1,3), Daniela Mier (1,3) imagery and writing task, was applied. While one half of the partici- pants performed the Best-Possible-Self, an optimism-fostering 1: Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, exercise, the control group wrote about their typical day. During pain Mannheim; 2: Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Bernstein-Center stimulations, intensity and aversiveness of stimuli were evaluated, for Computational Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, the heart rate was measured and the mimic was analyzed with the Mannheim; 3: Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany Facial Action Coding System. Face processing (FP), emotion recognition (ER) and affective theory of Hypotheses: Differences between pre- and post-treatment ratings of mind (aToM) are crucial social-cognitive functions that have been painful stimuli, heart rate response and facial expression were linked to activation in the mirror neuron system (MNS), but experi- expected to be higher in the optimism group. mental paradigms allowing a direct comparison of their neural Results: The two groups didn‖t differ significantly in their ratings. The correlates are still sparse. Further, there is the first evidence that analysis of heart rate changes and mimic is in progress. reduced mirror neuron functioning might be a neural basis for social- Implications: The results challenge numerous prior findings which cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, emphasizing the neural correlates report negative associations between optimism and pain. of social cognition in healthy and patient samples. 74 healthy participants joined an event-related social cognition task DO 51 [ER, aToM, FP, and a control task) and completed the schizotypal I WANT TO SLEEP BETTER: EFFECTS OF VOLUNARLY personality questionnaire (SPQ; consisting of positive pathology, CONTROL ON OBJECTIVE SLEEP PARAMETERS negative pathology, and disorganization). ER and aToM both resulted in activation in regions of the human Selina Ladina Combertaldi, Björn Rasch mirror neuron system, namely in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and Universität Freiburg, Schweiz superior temporal sulcus (STS). Further, activation was higher in the Sleep is mainly regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors, and bilateral STS and left amygdala during aToM in comparison to ER. sleep disturbances are typically treated by pharmacological interven- Region of interest analyses revealed positive correlations between tions. However, a large portion of non-organic sleep disturbances are positive pathology and activation in bilateral IFG, as well as between caused by psychological factors including worrying, perceived pro- disorganization and activation in right IFG and right STS during FP. spective threats and negative recurrent thoughts, suggesting that These findings indicate a shared neural basis for ER and aToM while sleep is strongly influenced by cognitive and affective mechanisms. In aToM seems to put even higher demands on regions for the pro- support of this notion, we have recently shown the duration of cessing and understanding of emotions. The positive association objectively measured slow-wave sleep (SWS) can be extended by between MNS activation and schizotypy traits suggest that MNS using hypnotic suggestions to sleep deeper. Here we aim at testing hyperactivity during FP might present an intermediate phenotype for whether healthy participants are capable of voluntarily influencing the schizophrenia spectrum and may cause a proneness for the faulty objective sleep parameters even without hypnosis. We predict that perception of emotions and intentions. participants can voluntarily worsen but not improve their sleep as compared to a normal sleep condition. 18 healthy young volunteers participated in one adaptation night and three experimental nights. All nights were done on the same weekday with an interval of one week. Polysomnography and subjective sleep quality was measured during all four nights. In the three experimental nights, participants either had to sleep ‘normal’, worse than normal or better than normal, in a balanced order. The results show that the subjective and objective sleep onset latency as well as the time spent awake after sleep onset could be signifi- cantly altered. In a same direction changed the parameters slow wave

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DO 53 DO 54 Effects of semantic and orthographic-phonological Decomposing temporal variability of EEG data reveals knowledge on context-based predictions during visual word differences in neural networks and their effectiveness to recognition control response inhibition between childhood and adult-

Susanne Eisenhauer (1), Benjamin Gagl (1,2), Christian J. Fiebach (1,2) hood 1: Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Benjamin Bodmer (1), Moritz Mückschel (1,2), Veit Roessner (1), Germany; 2: IDeA Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Christian Beste (1,3) Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Predictive coding (PC) theory assumes that efficient neuronal pro- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden; 2: MS Centre Dresden, Centre cessing is realized by predicting upcoming sensory events, confining of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, TU processing to unpredicted inputs. PC presumably involves different Dresden; 3: Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental frequency bands: High-gamma and theta activity indicate prediction Health, Klecany, Czech Republic errors, while beta activity relates to maintenance of the current Cognitive control processes like response inhibition are subject to cognitive set (i.e., beta power is high in top-down states when no strong developmental changes between childhood and adulthood. change is predicted). Low-gamma activity presumably indicates Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the affected successful match between prediction and input. In predictable system neurophysiological mechanisms. But while it is well-known contexts, increased knowledge about stimuli should enable more that developmental changes affect intra-individual variability, this accurate predictions, additionally increasing processing efficiency. To potential bias has largely been neglected when investigating the test this hypothesis, we investigated the influence of semantic and neurophysiology underlying developmental differences between orthographic-phonological knowledge on context-based predictions children and adults. of visual words, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). 39 partici- In the current study, we therefore investigate response inhibition pants completed four pseudoword familiarization and one MEG processes in N=21 children (between 10 and 14 years) and n=24 session. Context-based predictions were realized by presenting pairs adults (between 20 and 29 years) by decomposing EEG (event-related of two letter-strings identical in 80% of trials. Knowledge-based potential, ERP) data on the basis of the latency and temporal variabil- predictions were inherent to the letter-strings: words (semantic ity of involved sub-processes and combine this with source localiza- knowledge), familiarized pseudowords (orthographic-phonological tion. The behavior data shows that children showed more impulsive knowledge) and novel pseudowords. Significant power reductions for behavior than adults. Importantly, a reliable match between the ERP repeated stimuli occurred in theta, beta, and high-gamma bands, and behavioral data could only be found when accounting for intra- whereas low-gamma activity significantly increased. Reduced high- individual variability in the EEG data. This decomposed data showed gamma and theta power for more predictable stimuli is consistent that children and adults use similar neurophysiological mechanisms at with prediction error minimization. Higher low-gamma power for the response selection level to accomplish inhibitory control (C- predictable stimuli may reflect successful matches between predic- component cluster in the decomposed data), but seem to engage tion and input. Moreover, higher beta power at the first stimulus different neuroanatomical structures to do so: In adults, these when no change in the subsequent input is predicted might corre- processes were related to the medial frontal cortex. In children, the spond to maintenance processes. Repetition suppression effects same processes were reflected in a shift of the scalp topography and were not significantly influenced by knowledge. Thus, a facilitative related to the superior parietal cortex. This shift in neural networks influence of knowledge for time-frequency activations is not support- showed a lower effectiveness in exerting inhibitory control. The study ed. Nevertheless, results support distinct roles of different frequency underlines the necessity of accounting for intra-individual variability bands during context-based PC. when examining the system neurophysiology developmental effects on cognitive functions.

DO 55 Episodic Future Thinking reduces Temporal Discounting in Healthy Adolescents

Uli Bromberg (1), Maria Lobatcheva (1), Jan Peters (2) 1: Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland; 2: Biologische Psychologie, Universität zu Köln

Episodic Future Thinking reflects the capacity to simulate personal future events in detail. This capacity has previously proven efficient in

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reducing impulsive choice behavior in several adult populations. sämtliche andere Kriterien hinaus kann der P-IAT inkrementelle Whether it also has a beneficial impact on choice behavior in adoles- Varianz am Vertrauensscore aufklären. Dies zeigt, dass der TfP als cents is not known. We investigated the impact of episodic future Verhaltensmaß sowohl explizite, als auch implizite Anteile der thinking on discounting behavior in a sample of healthy adolescents (n Partnerschaftsqualität integriert. Als ökologisch valides Messinstru- = 44, age range 13-16 years). Executive function, developmental ment bietet das TfP breit gefächerte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für measures and alcohol use were assessed as potential moderators of zukünftige Forschungsprojekte im Kontext paarspezifischer Frage- the effect. Our results corroborate the findings in other populations, stellungen. showing that discounting behavior in trials which included episodic future thinking was significantly less impulsive than in control trials (t = 2.74, p <.01, dz =.44). Neither executive function nor alcohol use, but developmental measures explained variability in the effect of episodic future thinking. These findings reveal that episodic future thinking can improve adolescent decision making, while the effect is to some degree modulated by developmental measures.

DO 56 Trustgame für Paare: Entwicklung eines Instruments zur ökologisch validen Messung von Vertrauen in Paarbezie- hungen

Tobias Kleinert (1), Bastian Schiller (1), Urs Fischbacher (2), Klaus Rothermund (3), Nicolas Koranyi (3), Laura Anne Grigutsch (3) 1: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Deutschland; 2: Universität Konstanz, Deutschland; 3: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Deutschland

Gegenseitiges Vertrauen wird gesellschaftlich als eine der bedeut- samsten Eigenschaften glücklicher Paarbeziehungen angesehen. Über Fragebögen kann das sensible Konstrukt aufgrund eines rein intro- spektiven Zugangs und sozial erwünschter Antworttendenzen nur unvollständig erfasst werden. Auch klassische spieltheoretische Ansätze sind im Kontext intimer Paarbeziehungen wegen fehlender Anonymität nur bedingt geeignet. Vorgestellt wird hier das Trustgame für Paare (TfP), das als soziales Entscheidungsparadigma speziell zur verhaltensnahen Messung partnerschaftlichen Vertrauens konzipiert wurde. Individuelles Vertrauen wird durch geldwerte Einsätze auf Antworten des Partners als subjektive Sicherheit in dessen Vertrau- enswürdigkeit operationalisiert, und anhand eines Vertrauensscores quantifiziert. Das TfP wurde an einer Stichprobe von 35 heterosexuellen Paaren (N=70) mit einer Mindestbeziehungsdauer von einem Jahr durchge- führt. Zur Validierung wurden explizite Maße partnerschaftlichen Vertrauens (VIP), allgemeinen Vertrauens (KUSIV3), und der Bezie- hungszufriedenheit (PFB & RAS) erhoben. Weiterhin wurde die implizite Partnervalenz im Kontrast zu einer attraktiven Alternative durch einen Partner-Implicit-Association-Test (P IAT) mit individuellen Stimuli erfasst. Die Einsätze in den Spielrunden des TfP zeigen zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenz. Signifikante Zusammenhänge des Vertrauens- scores mit VIP, PFB und RAS belegen die konvergente Validität des Paradigmas für die Messung partnerschaftlichen Vertrauens als Merkmal globaler Partnerschaftsqualität. Eine fehlende Korrelation mit dem KUSIV3 weist auf die Messung partnerspezifischen Vertrau- ens hin, und bestätigt die divergente Validität des Verfahrens. Über

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DO 57 zugrunde liegen, können zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung The effect of prefrontal neuromodulation on emotion sozialer Ängste beitragen. Aus bildgebenden Studien sind funktionelle Auffälligkeiten in furchtverarbeitenden und gedächtnisrelevanten regulation and aggression in a group of criminal offenders Gehirnregionen wie der Insula, der Amygdala, dem Hippocampus und Lena Hofhansel (1,2), Christina Regenbogen (1,2), Carmen Weidler präfrontalen Arealen sowohl bei PTBS als auch bei SAD bekannt. (1,2), Marcel Leclerc (1,2), Michael Nitsche (3), Adrian Raine (4), Ute Strukturelle Auffälligkeiten in diesen Gehirnregionen könnten eben- Habel (1,2), Benjamin Clemens (1,2) falls Einfluss auf Furcht- und Gedächtniseffekte nehmen und die 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Ursache oder Folge von intrusiven Erinnerungen darstellen. Es gibt Aachen University, Germany; 2: JARA –Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH allerdings noch keine Untersuchungen dazu, inwiefern strukturelle Aachen University & Research Centre Jülich, Germany; 3: Departments of Auffälligkeiten in Gehirnregionen, die relevant für Furchtverarbeitung Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working und Gedächtnisprozesse sind, mit intrusivem Wiedererleben in Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; 4: Departments of Zusammenhang stehen. Im Rahmen dieser Magnetresonanztomo- Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, graphie-Studie wurde daher der Zusammenhang zwischen intrusivem Philadelphia, PA, USA Wiedererleben und dem Volumen grauer Substanz in furchtverarbei- tenden und gedächtnisrelevanten Gehirnregionen bei 37 Patienten The inability to regulate negative emotions is a key indicator for mit SAD untersucht. Zur Messung intrusiven Wiedererlebens in criminal behavior. Previous research reveals the significant contribu- Reaktion auf das belastendste soziale Erlebnis wurde eine modifizier- tion of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to the regulation of te Version der ‗Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale― verwendet. Die negative emotions. Studies find a negative relation between the BOLD Untersuchung des Volumens grauer Substanz erfolgte mittels activity of the dlPFC and aggressive behavior. voxelbasierter Morphometrie. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass intrusi- In this sham-controlled double-blind study we use non-invasive ves Wiedererleben mit einem größeren Volumen der Amygdala, der transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance the neural Insula und des Hippocampus zusammenhängt. Volumenunterschiede excitability of the right dlPFC in order to improve cognitive control and in diesen Gehirnregionen könnten mit veränderten Furchtverarbei- the ability to regulate negative emotions in a group of criminal tungs- und Gedächtnisprozessen einhergehen und somit eine offenders in comparison to a matched control group. erfolgreiche emotionale Verarbeitung eines belastenden sozialen Convicted criminal offenders underwent an emotion regulation task Erlebnisses verhindern, was intrusive Erinnerungen an dieses Erlebnis adapted from Feeser et al. (2014) using the IAPS image set. Prelimi- zur Folge haben könnte. nary results indicate that the ability to regulate negative emotions benefits from active anodal stimulation. Furthermore, ongoing fMRI DO 59 data analyses indicate a tendency that these behavioral outcome Anodal tDCS enhances verbal episodic memory in initially measures are correlated with increased BOLD activation in the dlPFC low performers only induced by the anodal tDCS stimulation. Given that the group of criminal offenders shows a general hypoactivity of prefrontal cortical Annegret Habich (1,2), Stefan Klöppel (1,3), Ahmed Abdulkadir (1,4), regions, as well as emotion regulation deficits, we expect that the Jessica Peter (1,3) effects of active tDCS stimulation on the dlPFC will be more pro- 1: University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University nounced in this group compared to the effects in the control group. of Bern, Switzerland; 2: Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany; Our results deepen the understanding of the neurobiological mecha- 3: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Gerontopsy- nisms underlying emotion regulation and aggression in criminal chiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, offenders, which might help to pave the way for future applications of Germany; 4: Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, tDCS as a therapeutic treatment. Germany

DO 58 The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is involved in encoding Hirnstrukturelle Korrelate von intrusivem Wiedererleben bei and retrieval of episodic memories, and thus, is frequently targeted in brain stimulation paradigms, aiming for their modulation. Anodal Sozialer Angststörung transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), that boosts neuronal Marie Kristin Neudert (1), Rudolf Stark (2), Andrea Hermann (3) excitability in stimulated cortical areas, has been found to increase 1: Universität Gießen, Deutschland; 2: Universität Gießen, Deutschland; 3: cognitive skills depending on the respective baseline level. Therefore, Universität Gießen, Deutschland we hypothesized that the benefit of tDCS on verbal episodic memory can be extrapolated from the participants' baseline level. Ähnlich wie bei der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) In the present randomized, double-blind, parallel study, healthy young zeigen Studien, dass auch Patienten mit Sozialer Angststörung (SAD) adults (n = 43) received either real anodal or sham tDCS over their left intrusive Erinnerungen in Reaktion auf belastende soziale Erlebnisse dlPFC during the encoding phase of a verbal episodic memory task. (z.B. Mobbingerfahrungen) entwickeln können. Intrusive Erinnerungen, Forty words were presented visually thrice in a pseudo-randomized denen defizitäre Furchtverarbeitungs- und Gedächtnisprozesse

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order with immediate vocal retrieval after each block and an additional DO 61 delayed recall. A moderation analysis was conducted to test the Sex differences during non-social provocation modulating effect of the initial retrieval on the delayed recall under real or sham stimulation. Since different list segments have been Lisa Wagels (1), Saskia Menke (1), Isabella Schneider (1,2), Nils Kohn linked to distinct cognitive abilities and because of the serial position (1,4), Ute Habel (1,3) effect, we focused on midlist items during first retrieval to draw a 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical conclusion regarding the individual‖s baseline level in episodic Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 2: Dept. of General Psychiatry, memory. Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg; 3: Jülich Aachen We found that the number of remembered midlist words in the first Research Alliance (JARA) - BRAIN Institute Brain Structure-Function retrieval significantly moderated the stimulation effect in such a way Relationships: Decoding the Human Brain at systemic levels, For- that initially low performers experienced the highest gain from real schungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Jülich, stimulation. Germany; 4: Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and This suggests that the predicted stimulation effect is even greater in Behaviour, Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 cognitively impaired cohorts, such as patients suffering from a EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands neurodegenerative disease. Social provocation mostly triggers aggressive responses involving DO 60 retaliatory behavior towards the provoking individual. However, emotional reactions in subsequent frustrating situations outside of a The norepinephrine system affects specific neurophysiolog- social context likewise might be enhanced. ical subprocesses in the modulation of inhibitory control by In total 28 participants (14 males, 14 females) took part in the working memory demands experiment on emotional, behavioral and physiologic (skin conduct-

Witold Chmielewski (1), Moritz Mückschel (1), Tjalf Ziemssen (3), ance) reactions towards experimentally induced frustration in a non- Christian Beste (1,2) social context (Technical Provocation Paradigm, TPP). In the TPP participants were asked to direct a virtual ball in a bottle to earn 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent money via moving a joystick. Unknown to the participant, in provoca- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: Experi- tion trials the joystick function was disabled. Prior to the TPP, half of mental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech the participants performed the Point Subtraction Aggression Task Republic; 3: MS Centre Dresden, Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Depart- (PSAP), including social provocation. ment of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Overall, the TPP significantly increase negative mood and anger Germany during provocation blocks. This was supported by increased skin Inhibitory control processes are known to be modulated by working conductance responses. Moreover, higher amplitudes describing the memory demands. However, the neurobiological mechanisms behind joystick movement were measured in the provocation block. Interest- these modulations are inconclusive. One important system to ingly, men moved the joystick more strongly if they played the PSAP consider in this regard is the locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) before the TPP. In males compared to females significantly increased system. In the current study the role of the LC-NE system by means skin conductance responses were observed during the TPP, which of pupil diameter recordings that are integrated with neurophysiologi- were mainly driven by the first provocation block. During the social cal (EEG) and source localization data were examined. A combined provocation task, aggressive or defensive responses were not mental-rotation Go/Nogo task was used. The results show that significantly different between sexes. increases in working memory load complicate response inhibition The current findings highlight the effectivity of non-social provocation processes. On a neurophysiological level these effects were reflected on emotional and behavioral reactions. Moreover, previous social by specific modulations in event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting provocation can enhance the frustration effect in men. Interestingly, motor inhibition processes (i.e., Nogo-P3). Attentional selection this effect of social provocation was only observed in a subsequent processes (reflected by the P1 and N1) as well as pre-motor inhibition non-social context. It thus might indicate a projection of frustration in or conflict monitoring processes (reflected by the Nogo-N2) were not men. affected. Activity of the LC-NE systems, as indexed by the pupil diameter data, predicted neurophysiological processes selectively in the Nogo-P3 time range. Source localization analyses suggest that this modulation occurs in the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus. The study provides evidence that the LC-NE system is an important neurobiological system modulating the effects of working memory load on response inhibition processes. More specifically, it modulates a subset of dissociable cognitive processes that are related to prefrontal cortical regions.

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DO 62 assigned. We used GLM Flex Fast to calculate a 3 (source: self, Effects of pre-extinction stress on extinction recall in men assigned, remaining) x 2 (memory retrieval: self, assigned) ANOVA with participant as random factor. During retrieval, emotion regulation and women with high and low 17β-estradiol (E2) levels abilities were positively correlated with corpus callosum activity. Martin I. Antov, Philipp Bierwirth, Ursula Stockhorst Furthermore, retrieving originally self-chosen tasks was associated Universität Osnabrück, Institut für Psychologie, Allgemeine Psychologie II with increased activation of the right frontal gyrus. Retrieving tasks und Biologische Psychologie, Deutschland that were originally remaining was associated with right cingulum activation. Importantly, an interaction effect of source and memory Fear extinction is a model for the etiology and treatment of anxiety, retrieval precipitated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Specifically, trauma- and stressor- related disorders. In a recent study with retrieving originally self-chosen tasks as assigned (versus retrieving healthy men, we found that acute stress (cold pressor test: CPT) them as self-chosen) was associated with increased ACC activation. enhanced extinction recall compared to control. As women are at a Furthermore, retrieving originally assigned and remaining tasks as higher risk to develop the above disorders, and because low E2 was self-chosen (versus retrieving them as assigned) was associated with linked to extinction deficits, we repeated the study with women increased ACC activation. The results, in particular, ACC activation as a differing in E2 levels. We tested 40 free-cycling women during conflict detector for misremembered and specifically self-incongruent midcycle (MC: high E2, low progesterone [P4]), and 40 women on oral tasks, will be discussed. The findings combine lines of research on contraceptives (OC: low E2, low P4). Pooling both samples, we neural correlates of decision-making, memory, self-congruence and compare CPT-effects in men (n=40), MC-, and OC-women. emotion regulation. Differential fear conditioning comprised habituation, acquisition, extinction training (Day 1), and extinction recall (Day 2), with CPT or a DO 64 warm-water-control directly before extinction training. The uncondi- Pulse transit time is associated with cardiac modulation of tioned stimulus was a 2-s, 95 dB(A), aversive sound; 2 geometric startle figures were counterbalanced as conditioned stimuli (CS+/CS-). Our learning measure were skin conductance responses (SCRs). In Jasmin Abou Elnaga, André Schulz women, E2 and P4 were measured in saliva. CPT-stress was success- Universität Luxemburg, Luxemburg fully validated in peripheral physiology, cortisol, and pain ratings. Cardiovascular parameters may have an impact on individual cardio- CPT improved extinction recall in the overall sample, mainly due to afferent neural traffic which in turn plays a crucial role in emotion and men‖s responses. Stressed MC-women showed a trend for better symptom genesis of body-related mental disorders. We investigated, extinction recall, but there was no stress effect in OC-women. whether parameters as heart rate and blood pressure may be Irrespective of OC/MC group, higher E2- (not P4-) levels were determinants of cardiac modulation of startle (CMS), a ―background‖ associated with extinction retention (ER), especially after stress. In methodology for assessing baro-afferent signal transmission. stressed participants of both sexes, better retention was associated Therefore, 30 healthy volunteers received acoustic startle stimuli (105 with stress-induced increases in blood pressure and cortisol. Further dB) at 9 different latencies relative to the R-wave (R + 0, 100, 200, extinction-related analyses are reported. 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ms; randomized order) after a DO 63 resting period in which cardiovascular data (Heart rate (HR), heartrate Neural Mechanisms Associated With Retrieval of Self- variability (HRV), Pulse transit time (PTT), blood pressure (BP) and blood pressure variability (BPV)) were assessed. We found a strong Chosen and Assigned Tasks and Their Relationships to positive association between CMS and PTT. Stroke volume, which is Emotion Regulation Abilities directly linked to PTT, may have an impact on this relationship, as it Elise L. Radtke (1), Kristin M. Zimmermann (2), Andreas Jansen (2), does on interoception. We conclude that PTT is associated with Markus Quirin (2) cardiac modulation of startle and that stroke volume may play an 1: Osnabrück University, Germany; 2: Philipps-University Marburg, important role in this relationship. Germany

Chronic pursuit of self-incongruent goals induces feelings of disso- nance and reduces well-being. In an fMRI study we tested 32 partici- pants to investigate neural correlates of task choice, memory retriev- al, and emotion regulation. Participants completed an emotion regulation questionnaire. During fMRI, they first chose tasks by themselves and were then assigned tasks, both from equally attrac- tive tasks arranged in triples. Some of the tasks seen were neither self-chosen nor assigned (remaining). After filler tasks, participants retrieved from memory for each item whether it was self-chosen or

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DO 65 DO 66 Einfluss von akutem Stress auf die Verhaltensinhibition – Neural correlates of guided and unguided motor timing in eine ERP Studie Parkinson‖s disease

Angelika Dierolf (1), Nina Trimborn (2), Dennis Pomrehn (2), Oliver T. Klara Hagelweide (1,2), Ellen Binder (2), Katja Kornysheva (3), Esther Wolf (2) Pelzer (2,4) Marc Tittgemeyer (4), Gereon R. Fink (2,5), Ricarda I. 1: Université du Luxembourg, INSIDE, Institute for Health and Behaviour, Schubotz (1,2) Luxemburg; 2: Ruhr Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychologie, 1: Institut für Psychologie, Universität Münster, Deutschland; 2: Klinik und Arbeitseinheit Kognitionspsychologie Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Deutschland; 3: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Grossbritannien; 4: Stress beeinflusst verschiedene Kognitionen, wie zum Bespiel Lernen Max-Planck-Institut für Stoffwechselforschung, Deutschland; 5: Institut für und Gedächtnisbildung/-abruf. Der Einfluss von Stress auf exekutive Neurowissenschaften und Medizin (INM3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Funktionen ist erst in den letzten Jahren vermehrt untersucht worden. Deutschland Diese Studien zeigen, dass akuter Stress das Arbeitsgedächtnis, kognitive Flexibilität und kognitive Inhibition negative beeinflusst, Recently, a new view of an integrated cerebello-basal ganglia- während Verhaltensinhibition durch Stress verbessert zu werden thalamo-cortical system has evolved and the role of the cerebellum in scheint. Parkinson‖s disease (PD) has been highlighted. Indeed, studies Bislang ist wenig über den Einfluss von Stress auf die zugrundelie- investigating motor timing have shown motor loop and anterior genden kognitiven Prozesse der Verhaltensinhibition bekannt. Um cerebellar hypoactivity in PD patients during finger tapping to be dies zu untersuchen wurden 55 gesunde junge Männer und Frauen accompanied by compensatory hyperactivity in the posterior cerebel- zunächst dem sozialevaluativen Kaltwasserstresstest bzw. einer lum, especially during unguided finger tapping. Kontrollbedingung mit warmen Wasser unterzogen und bearbeitet Regarding behavioral finger tapping deficits of PD patients, there is a danach eine Go-Nogo-Aufgabe, während EEG und EKG aufgezeichnet high diversity of findings, possibly due to individual compensatory wurden. Im Verlauf des Experiments wurden fünf Speichelproben mechanisms as provided by cerebellar hyperactivity. Furthermore, in abgegeben. other motor tasks motor loop hypoactivity was found to be accompa- Erste Analysen zeigen, dass akuter Stress die Verhaltensinhibition in nied by lateral premotor cortex hyperactivity when external cues Abhängigkeit der Stress-induzierten Cortisol-Konzentration beein- restore performance. flusst. Versuchspersonen mit einem deutlichen Cortisolanstieg (> 2 We investigated both compensatory mechanisms and their interplay nmol/l, Cortisol-high-responder) zeigten eine verbesserte Verhaltens- to explain the individual finger tapping performance of PD patients. To inhibition, während gestresste Versuchspersonen ohne nennenswer- this end, we measured fourteen PD patients (8 male) ―on‖ and ―off‖ ten Cortisolanstieg (Cortisol-low-responder) die schlechteste Leistung medication and fourteen healthy control participants matched for zeigten. Die Ergebnisse der EKPs bestätigen diesen Eindruck. Wäh- gender and age in an fMRI study using an extended synchronization – rend die Nogo N2 nur durch den akuten Stress moduliert wurde, continuation paradigm. zeigte die Nogo P3 Änderungen in Abhängigkeit der Stress- As hypothesized, patients showed poorer tapping performance induzierten Cortisol-Konzentration. compared to healthy controls (p < .05) accompanied by less activity in Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen bisherige Befunde zur verbesserten the motor loop and anterior cerebellum (p < .05, FWE corrected). Verhaltensinhibition durch akuten Stress. Gleichzeitig deuten sie Furthermore, the expected hyperactivity in posterior cerebellum and darauf hin, dass die zugrundeliegenden kognitiven Prozesse unter- lateral premotor cortex was observed during continued tapping. schiedlich beeinflusst werden und dass Cortisol bei der Umverteilung Importantly, higher activity in both regions compensating for de- kognitiver Ressourcen durch Stress entscheidend ist. creased motor loop activity was related to better performance in patients only. These results underline the importance of lateral premotor and cerebellar activity to preserved motor timing perfor- mance in PD.

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DO 67 DO 68 Neuronale Basis kognitiver Emotionsregulation bei sozialer Mindset and Priming influence food choices.

Angststörung Sabine Frank-Podlech (1,2,3), Poppy Watson (4,5), Aukje Verhoeven Raphaela I. Zehtner (1,2), Marie K. Neudert (1,2), Rudolf Stark (1,2), (4,5), Roos Klaasman (4), Hubert Preissl (2,3), Sanne de Wit (4,5) Andrea Hermann (1,2) 1: Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Universi- 1: Professur für Psychotherapie und Systemneurowissenschaften, Justus- ty of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; 2: Institute for Diabetes Research and Liebig-Universität Gießen; 2: Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus- Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Liebig-Universität Gießen Tübingen; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germa- ny; 3: Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Intensive Angst vor und in sozialen Situationen ist ein zentrales Germany; 4: Habit lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Merkmal der sozialen Angststörung (SAD). Dabei sind Patienten mit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 5: Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), SAD durch Defizite in kognitiver Emotionsregulation charakterisiert. In University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. zahlreichen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Patienten mit SAD eine erhöhte neuronale Aktivierung beim Betrachten von ärgerlichen In our obesogenic environment, food-related cues constantly remind Gesichtsausdrücken sowie eine veränderte Aktivierung beim Verrin- us of tasty, unhealthy foods. Previous studies using the Pavlovian-to- gern negativer Gefühle insbesondere in präfrontalen Kortexarealen instrumental transfer (PIT) task have shown that food-related cues (PFC) aufweisen. Gesichtsausdrücke stellen ein salientes Signal dar, can bias responding towards those same foods. We investigated um soziale Interaktionen einschätzen zu können. Bisher ist jedoch whether choices for an unhealthy (crisps) over a healthy snack kaum erforscht, ob auch die Präsentation von Szenenbildern mit (zucchini) could be reduced (a) following a health vs. palatability sozialem Inhalt zu einer veränderten Gehirnaktvierung bei Patienten mindset induction and/or (b) by logos that were previously associated mit SAD führt. Das Ziel dieser funktionellen Magnetresonanztomo- with healthy/unhealthy or palatable/not palatable. graphie-Studie bestand darin, zu untersuchen, ob sich eine veränderte 96 subjects first earned crisps and zucchini by specific button presses. Aktivierung in relevanten Arealen nicht nur beim Verringern negativer Subsequently, participants learned Pavlovian associations between Gefühle in Reaktion auf ärgerliche Gesichtsausdrücke zeigt, sondern abstract cues and these foods. During the test phase (T1), participants auch bei Szenenbildern mit sozialem Inhalt, jedoch nicht bei Szenen- responded for these foods while occasionally the Pavlovian cues were bildern ohne sozialen Inhalt. In dieser Studie wurden 36 Patienten mit presented. For the mindset induction, subjects rated food pictures on SAD sowie 39 gesunden Kontrollpersonen jeweils neutrales sowie a VAS for healthiness or palatability. Here, neutral logos were placed aversives Bildmaterial (Gesichter, Szenenbilder mit sozialem Inhalt, at the extreme ends of the VAS (healthy/palatable, unhealthy/not Szenenbilder ohne sozialen Inhalt) präsentiert. Die Versuchspersonen palatable). The PIT test was repeated after the mindset induction (T2). wurden entsprechend instruiert, dieses entweder passiv zu betrach- Finally, in a further test phase (T3) the Pavlovian cues were overlaid ten oder ihre Gefühle mittels kognitiver Neubewertung zu verringern. with the logos used in the mindset induction. Gesunde Kontrollpersonen wiesen eine erhöhte PFC-Aktivierung beim We observed no difference for T1 but lower choices for crisps after Betrachten ärgerlicher Gesichtsausdrücke auf. Beim Verringern health compared to palatability for T2. During T3, healthy logo primes negativer Gefühle zeigten Patienten mit SAD im Vergleich zu gesun- reduced responding for crisps, whereas increased crisps presses were den Kontrollen sowohl bei der Präsentation von Gesichtern als auch observed during the unhealthy logo prime. von Szenenbildern mit sozialem Inhalt eine erhöhte Gehirnaktivierung In conclusion, we showed that the external environment can favor in präfrontalen Gehirnarealen, die wichtig für Emotionsregulations- either healthy or unhealthy choices dependent on the presence of prozesse sind. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die SAD durch food-associated cues. Furthermore, we showed that choices can be veränderte Emotionsregulationsprozesse auch auf nicht explizit influences by inducing either a health or palatability mindset. störungsrelevante soziale Reize gekennzeichnet ist.

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DO 69 was conducted in a healthy cohort of 89 pregnant mothers who were Der Effekt von akutem Stress auf neuronale Korrelate followed across the entire course of pregnancy. At each trimester thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) were appetitiver Konditionierung und hippocampaler Konnektivi- measured in maternal serum. Experience of CM was assessed using tät the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. After adjusting for potentially Onno Kruse (1,2,3), Isabell Tapia León (1,2,3), Tobias Stalder (3), confounding variables, CM exposure was associated with increased Rudolf Stark (1,2), Tim Klucken (2,3) TSH concentrations across pregnancy (F(1,80) = 9.73, p = .003) and 1: Universität Gießen, Deutschland; 2: Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, with a 5- to 6-fold increased risk of TSH levels above the trimester- Deutschland; 3: Universität Siegen, Deutschland specific clinical cut-off values. Women with clinically elevated TSH concentrations did not differ in fT4 concentrations from women with Dysfunktionale appetitive Konditionierungsprozesse gelten als Modell normal TSH concentrations (p > .1), suggesting subclinical hypothy- für die Entstehung verschiedener psychischer Störungen wie Sucht roidism. Our findings suggest that there is a substantial and clinically oder Depression. Psychischer Stress wird hierbei als wichtiger relevant increased risk for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy Einflussfaktor für appetitive Lernprozesse diskutiert. In der aktuellen among women exposed to abuse or neglect in their childhood. This Studie wurde zur Identifikation der neuronalen Korrelate entspre- could potentially have adverse consequences for fetal brain develop- chender stress-assoziierter Prozesse ein differentielles appetitives ment. Thus, these findings highlight the critical importance of consid- Konditionierungsparadigma mit fMRT durchgeführt. Eine Gruppe von ering CM exposure as a potential risk factor for (subclinical) hypothy- Probanden (N = 27 Männer) nahm dabei vorab am Trier Social Stress roidism in pregnancy. Test (TSST) teil, eine andere (N = 29 Männer) an einer nicht stressin- duzierenden Placebo-Version. Alle Probanden lernten, dass ein DO 71 neutraler Reiz (CS+) eine Chance auf Belohnung vorhersagte. Wäh- GENERAIN – eine generationsübergreifende Eye-Tracking rend jedoch nicht-gestresste Probanden zudem lernten, dass ein Studie zu Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen bei Depression weiterer neutraler Reiz (CS-) keine Belohnung ankündigt, war dieses Lernen bei akut gestressten Probanden weniger ausgeprägt. Dies ging Anca Sfärlea (1), Elske Salemink (2), Gerd Schulte-Körne (1), Belinda mit einer reduzierten differenziellen Aktivierung in Belohnungsarealen Platt (1) wie Amygdala, OFC und vACC einher. Insbesondere in der späten 1: Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik Phase der Akquisition der Konditionierung zeigt sich zudem vermin- und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutsch- derte Aktivierung des dorsalen Striatums und des Hippocampus. Akut land; 2: Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amster- gestresste Probanden zeigten zudem erhöhte hippocampale Konnek- dam, The Netherlands tivität mit Amygdala, vACC und eine erhöhte Korrelation mit Cortisol- Kinder, deren Eltern an Depression erkrankt sind, haben ein stark reaktivität. Die Ergebnisse liefern erste Hinweise auf eine erhöhte erhöhtes Risiko selbst eine Depression zu entwickeln. Implizite hippocampal vermittelte Einschränkung von differenziellem Beloh- kognitive Bias für negative Informationen, die sowohl bei Erwachse- nungslernen unter Stress. nen als auch bei Kindern und Jugendlichen die an Depression leiden, DO 70 gefunden wurden, könnten einer der Mechanismen sein, durch die das Erkrankungsrisiko von Eltern an ihre Kinder weitergegeben wird. Das Childhood Maltreatment is Associated with Increased Risk Vorhandensein dieser Bias bei Kindern depressiver Eltern wurde of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. bislang jedoch nur selten untersucht. Eye-Tracking Paradigmen Nora Moog (1), Christine Heim (1), Sonja Entringer (1), Pathik Wadhwa eignen sich für die Erfassung impliziter Aufmerksamkeits-Bias (AB) (2), Claudia Buss (1) besonders gut, da sie ermöglichen, die Allokation visueller Aufmerk- 1: Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie samkeit im Verlauf aufzuzeichnen, wodurch sich Bias ökologisch Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of valider erfassen lassen als mit Hilfe rein reaktionszeitbasierter Health (BIH), Department of Medical Psychology, Germany; 2: University of Methoden. Eine der ersten Studien, die sich diese Möglichkeit zunutze California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, gemacht hat, untersuchte mittels einer passiven Betrachtungsaufga- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, USA be (bei der jeweils ein neutrales, freudiges, trauriges und wütendes Gesicht simultan dargeboten wurden) den AB bei an Depression The critical importance of thyroid hormones for fetal development is erkrankten Kindern (Harrison & Gibb, 2015). Es fanden sich Hinweise well established. The developing fetus is dependent on the mother for darauf, dass depressive Kinder im Vergleich zu einer gesunden adequate thyroid hormone supply, and maternal thyroid dysfunction Kontrollgruppe traurige Gesichter vermeiden. Die vorliegende Studie in pregnancy may result in suboptimal fetal development. Because verwendet dasselbe Eye-Tracking Paradigma um diesen AB bei exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with Kindern depressiver Eltern zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich exploriert ein thyroid dysfunction in the non-pregnant state, we sought to test the transgenerationaler Aspekt, ob der AB der Kinder durch den der Eltern hypothesis that exposure to CM may represent a risk factor for the vorhergesagt werden kann. Es werden Elternteil-Kind-Paare aus development of maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The study

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Familien, in denen mindestens ein Elternteil von Depression betroffen DO 73 ist (n = 40) und Familien, in denen kein Elternteil jemals an einer A Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Moderates the psychischen Erkrankung gelitten hat (n = 40), verglichen. Die Datener- Relationship Between Early Maternal Care In Childhood And hebung ist abgeschlossen und die Daten werden gegenwärtig Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Concentrations During Pregnancy analysiert, sodass neueste Ergebnisse auf der Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn präsentiert werden können. Philipp Töpfer (1), Christine M. Heim (1,2), Sonja Entringer (1,3), Pathik D. Wadhwa (3), Nadine Provencal (4,5), Elisabeth B. Binder (4,6), DO 72 Claudia Buss (1,3) Neurophysiologische Korrelate der Verarbeitung emotiona- 1: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland; 2: Penn State Universi- ler Gesichtsausdrücke bei Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervo- ty; 3: University of California, Irvine; 4: Max-Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, sa München; 5: University of British Columbia, Vancouver; 6: Emory Universi- ty, Atlanta Anca Sfärlea, Ellen Greimel, Belinda Platt, Jürgen Bartling, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Alica C. Dieler Background Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und The quality of the early environment may have long-term effects on Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland mental and physical health and may be transmitted between genera- tions. This transmission likely occurs already during pregnancy, Anorexia nervosa (AN) geht häufig mit emotionalen und sozialen perhaps mediated by stress-sensitive biological mechanisms. One Schwierigkeiten einher. Doch obwohl emotionale Gesichter eine der potential underlying mechanism could be early-life stress (ELS)- wichtigsten sozio-emotionalen Stimuluskategorien darstellen, associated maternal inflammation during pregnancy that may alter wurden die neuronalen Grundlagen der Gesichterverarbeitung bei AN fetal development. Genetic variations (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor bisher wenig untersucht. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die gene (OXTR) were shown to affect individual susceptibility to ELS. neurophysiologischen Korrelate (ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale; EKPs) Based on the anti-inflammatory properties of oxytocin, the aim of this der Gesichterverarbeitung bei Jugendlichen mit AN (n = 20) im study was to test whether variations in the OXTR gene moderate the Vergleich zu einer gesunden (n = 24) und einer depressiven (n = 16) maternal ELS-inflammation association during pregnancy. Kontrollgruppe. Mädchen im Alter von 12-18 Jahren wurden unter- Method sucht. EKPs wurden während einer passiven Aufgabe und drei aktiven Early in pregnancy, women (N=93) were recruited and data on early Aufgaben, die die Verarbeitung emotionaler Gesichter in unterschiedli- maternal care (Parental Bonding Inventory), sociodemographic cher Verarbeitungstiefe erforderten, aufgezeichnet. Eine der aktiven indicators (age, income, education, and race/ethnicity), and body mass Aufgaben erfasste zudem die Emotionserkennungsfähigkeiten auf index (BMI) were collected. Maternal blood was obtained at each Verhaltensebene. Obwohl keine behavioralen Gruppenunterschiede zu trimester to quantify interleukin-6 (IL-6) by immunoassay. DNA was finden waren, zeigte sich auf der neurophysiologischen Ebene, dass extracted and maternal genotype for OXTR SNP rs139832701 (G/T) alle Gesichtsausdrücke bei Patientinnen mit AN eine geringer ausge- was determined. prägte Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) auslösten als bei den Kontroll- Results gruppen. Die EPN ist eine frühe EKP Komponente, die eine automati- After controlling for race/ethnicity, BMI, and SES, a negative associa- sche Wahrnehmungs- und Verarbeitungsstufe reflektiert und die tion between early maternal care and mean pregnancy IL-6 concen- durch die intrinsische Salienz emotionaler Stimuli moduliert wird. Es trations was observed in G allele carriers (r= -.543, p=.009, n=27), but fanden sich weder Unterschiede in früheren Komponenten, welche not in T allele homozygotes (r=.005, p=.975, n=56). The correlations initiale Aufmerksamkeitslenkung (P100) und strukturelle Verarbeitung differed significantly from each other as tested by Fisher´s z test (z= - von Gesichtern (N170) reflektieren, noch in einer späteren Kompo- 2.493, p= .006). nente, die elaboriertere, kognitive Verarbeitung repräsentiert (LPP). Discussion Die weniger ausgeprägte EPN bei Jugendlichen mit AN deutet darauf Results suggest a genotype-specific association between maternal hin, dass die Gesichter anderer Menschen für sie weniger intrinsisch care during the mothers‖ childhood and systemic inflammation during salient sind, d.h. möglicherweise als weniger relevant oder ‚wichtig‘ pregnancy. Maternal inflammation during pregnancy may influence wahrgenommen werden. Da AN Patientinnen sich von beiden fetal development and may, therefore, be a pathway of transmission Kontrollgruppen unterschieden kann davon ausgegangen werden, of ELS. dass es sich um eine AN-spezifische Veränderung handelt die nicht durch komorbide depressive Symptomatik erklärt werden kann.

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DO 74 components explaining overlapping variation in EEG and fMRI could The time course of cognitive control: New insights under be found with multiple methods. Of particular interest, frontal and parietal activation patterns could be isolated during exertion of relaxed linearity assumptions. preparatory control and reactive behavioural adaption. Discussion: Malte R. Güth, José C. García Alanis, Peer Herholz, Martin Peper, Jens Our results show that multimodal data integration can be used to Sommer extract and isolate information that would otherwise have been lost Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschland using conventional contrasts or grand averages. Further, the multi- modal analysis framework may have an incremental validity as it Objective: The relationship between predictor variables and brain better characterizes the temporal and spatial dynamics of brain activity is often assumed to be linear. However, there exist many functioning. situations for which this assumption does not hold. To demonstrate this, we focussed on recent findings (Braver, Gray & Burgess, 2007) DO 76 suggesting that cognitive control operates in two distinct modes. The Kognitive Fehler im Alltag, Selbstgerichtetheit und das first, proactive control, is resource costly and preparatory. The second, Salienznetzwerk reactive control, is flexible and allows corrective behavioural adaption. We believe that these processes achieve balance in accordance to Sebastian Markett (1), Christian Montag (2), Theodor Rueber (3), task demands and are optimised over time. Further, we believe that Bernd Weber (3), Martin Reuter (1) these processes are best represented by the magnitude of fronto- 1: Universität Bonn, Germany; 2: Universität Ulm, Germany; 3: Universi- central (e.g. CNV) and fronto-parietal (e.g. P3) brain potentials (i.e. tätsklinkum Bonn, Germany ERPs). Kognitive Fehler beschreiben ein Augenblicksversagen kognitiver Method: EEG from 60 participants was recorded during a Continuous Funktionen im Alltag. Die individuelle Anfälligkeit für solche kognitiven Performance Task. Here, participants needed to establish stable Fehler lässt sich mit dem Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) im proactive control based on the predictive value of cues. Conversely, Selbstbericht quantifizieren. Hierbei lassen sich teils beachtliche reactive control was necessary when these predictions were violated. interindividuelle Unterschiede beobachten. Der aktuelle Beitrag stellt Further, we combine spline regression and multilevel modelling (MLM) drei aufeinander aufbauende Forschungsarbeiten vor. Das erste to illustrate the relationship between ERPs and the predictors (e.g. Projekt betrachtet Zusammenhänge zwischen dem CFQ und Persön- predictability, expectancy violation, and time on task). Results: lichkeitseigenschaften. Hierbei zeigt vor allem die Charakterdimension Activation patterns for the preparatory and reactive control modes ‘Selbstgerichtetheit’ aus dem Temperament und Charakter Inventar differed significantly, as well as their (curvilinear) modulations through eine hohe Vorhersagekraft, wobei niedrige Werte in Selbstgerichtet- time. Discussion: Results indicate that non-linear MLM offers new heit mit einer hohen Anfälligkeit für kognitive Fehler einhergehen. Die insights into the modelling of EEG-data. We discuss its advantages in anderen beiden Projekte beleuchten neuronale Korrelate dieser terms of incremental validity, goodness of fit and statistical power. Konstrukte im Rahmen von funktionellen und strukturellen Hirnnetz- DO 75 werken. Mittels resting-state fMRT wurden zeitliche Interaktionen Comparing multimodal data integration approaches for zwischen funktionellen Ruhenetzwerken untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich eine verstärke Interaktion zwischen dem insula-cingulären simultaneous EEG/fMRI recordings. Salienznetzwerk und einem eng verknüpften Netzwerk im posterioren Malte R. Güth (1), José C. García Alanis (1), Peer Herholz (2), Martin Parietallappen in Probanden mit hohen CFQ-Werten. Im letzten Peper (1), Jens Sommer (3) Projekt wurde mit Hilfe probabilistischer DTI-Atlanten die strukturel- 1: Neuropsychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg.; 2: Laboratory for len Grundlagen verschiedener funktioneller Hirnnetzwerke unter- Multimodal Neuroimaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; sucht. Hierbei zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem anterio- Philipps-Universität.; 3: Core Facility Brainimaging; Department of ren und posterioren Teil des insula-cingulären Salienznetzwerkes mit Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Philipps-Universität Marburg. Selbstgerichtetheit. Probanden mit stark ausgeprägter Selbstgerich- tetheit zeigten eine erhöhte Integrität von Faserverbindungen Objective: Multimodal data integration is a promising approach for the innerhalb des Netzwerkes. Die Ergebnisse geben Einblicke in die analysis of simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI data. It allows neuronalen Grundlagen von kognitionsrelevanten interindividuellen experimenters to move away from reporting results from isolated Unterschieden auf der Ebene des funktionellen und strukturellen methods, examine common features and adapt multiple perspectives Konnektoms und verdeutlichen die Relevanz des insula-cingulären on brain activity, and thus to considerably improve the validity of the Salienznetzwerkes für Persönlichkeitsunterschiede. conclusions drawn from experimental imaging data. Method: To test different analysis frameworks for multimodal data integration we implemented simultaneous EEG-fMRI data acquisition from nine subjects during a Continuous Performance Task. Results from both single and combined analyses are reported. Results: Joint signal

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DO 77 context of ER laboratory paradigms. Therefore, we analysed how Imagine the anger! Mental representations of faces can be individual differences in ER skill repertoire contribute to brain activa- tion during emotion regulation. We reinvestigated data of 125 healthy assessed by eye-movements subjects (63 f, 20 - 35 years) participating in an ER fMRI task and Fatih Cemil Kavcioglu (1), Florian Bublatzky (2), Georg W. Alpers (2) completing questionnaires on adaptive ER skills, personality, depres- 1: Uni Würzburg, Deutschland; 2: Uni Mannheim, Deutschland sion, and anxiety. To determine groups with similar ER skill patterns, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the ER Skill Ques- Mental representation of facial emotions is thought to be based on tionnaire (ERSQ). We identified 3 classes of individuals: (1) medium the simulation of emotional expressions. However, little is known skills in several adaptive ER strategies, (2) consistently low skills in about the mechanisms of such imagery processes. The current study multiple adaptive ER strategies, and (3) consistently high skills in compared gaze behavior during imagery and during viewing of multiple adaptive ER strategies (N1=69, N2=33, N3=23). Additionally, emotional facial expressions. Fifty healthy participants were instruct- we created a score of ‘ER skill repertoire’ reflecting the number of ed to imagine neutral faces becoming angry, fearful, or happy. To this strategies the subjects reported to have high skills in. As proof of end, neutral faces served as cues, which were replaced by a blank concept, subjects of cluster 2 significantly reported the lowest mask, in which participants had to imagine the instructed emotional repertoire and the highest scores in neuroticism, depression, and expressions. In addition, imagination of different clock times served as anxiety (all p<.001). Furthermore, cluster 2 differed significantly in a control condition. During the second half of the experiment, partici- terms of brain activation in key brain areas of emotion reactivity and pants freely viewed the previously imagined facial expressions and regulation (Occipital Cortex, Inferior Frontal Gyrus, and Frontal Pole, clock times. Scanpath lengths and fixation durations were compared Inferior Parietal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; p<.05; FWE). during mental imagery and free viewing. Overall, participants dis- Results indicate that individual differences in adaptive ER skill played longer fixation durations and shorter scanpaths during mental repertoire play a significant role in psychological well-being, and show imagery compared to free viewing. This reduction of eye movements associations with the activation of emotion regulation brain networks. was observed for both imagined faces and clocks. Regarding facial Our work has several methodological and theoretical implications, emotions, imagining angry faces led to longer fixation durations and which have to be discussed. shorter scanpath lengths relative to fearful and happy faces. This was especially pronounced for participants with higher fear of negative DO 79 evaluation (FNE). No such difference was observed when imagining or Regionalspezifische Veränderung der Hauttemperatur im viewing clocks. Taken together, the mental imagination of facial Gesicht unter Stress expressions, compared to actual viewing, is associated with reduced eye-movements. This focusing effect was particularly pronounced Dagmar A. Rebeck (1,2), Petra Bachmann (1), Xinwei Zhang (1), Mauro when imagining angry faces, and more so in participants high in FNE. F. Larra (1), Johannes B. Finke (1), Daniel Best (1), Klaus Peter Koch (2), These findings open a new route for directly testing anxiety related Hartmut Schächinger (1) top-down processes in face perception. 1: Universität Trier, Deutschland; 2: Hochschule Trier, Deutschland

Infrarot-Thermografie und Bildanalyse sind leistungsstarke Instru- DO 78 mente zur Messung regional-spezifischer Veränderungen der The more the better? - Individual differences in adaptive Hauttemperatur im Gesicht, die im Zusammenhang mit metabolischer Aktivierung und der Störung der Homöostase unter Stress auftreten. emotion regulation skills repertoire is associated with Die nicht-invasive und berührungslose Aufzeichnung kann - unabhän- activation in emotion and emotion regulation brain net- gig von Lichtverhältnissen - gleichzeitig mit anderen stressbezogenen works Messungen durchgeführt werden, ohne vom Probanden wahrge- Denise Dörfel (1), Lena Paschke (2), Ima Trempler (3), Rosa Steimke nommen zu werden. Die immer leistungsfähiger werdenden Compu- (2), Christine Stelzel (6), Henrik Walter (2,4,5) ter lassen die Verarbeitung von höheren Frameraten in relativ kurzer Zeit zu. Zur Stressinduktion haben wir einen vollautomatischen 1: Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Psychologie; 2: Humboldt- Kaltwasser-Stresstest in einer spezialisierten Laborumgebung Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain; 3: Westfaelische durchgeführt. Vorliegend werden Daten aus zwei durchgeführten Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Institut für Psychologie; 4: Charité Studien vorgestellt. In Studie A (ausgewertet wurden n = 10, männ- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging; 5: lich) wurden alle Teilnehmer sowohl einer Stress- als auch einer Charitè Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie, Kontrollbedingung ausgesetzt, während Studie B (ausgewertet Forschungsbereich Mind and Brain; 6: International Psychoanalytic wurden n = 12, männlich) ein Zwischen-Subjekt-Design verwendet. University Berlin, Allgemeine Psychologie Signifikante Erhöhungen des Blutdrucks, des Cortisol-Spiegels und Previous results point to the importance of examining the use of der Herzfrequenz belegen den Erfolg der Stressinduktion. Thermische additional (non-instructed) emotion regulation (ER) strategies in the Daten wurden durch eine IRBIS head 640 Thermografie-Kamera

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aufgezeichnet und mittels eigens entwickelter MATLAB-Skripte DO 81 analysiert. Hierbei wurden die Eigenvektoren aus Schwellwert- Evoked theta oscillations enhance episodic memory per- separierten Datensätzen verwendet, um die Gesichtsformen auszu- formance richten (Drehen, Verschieben und Skalieren). Vor der Auswertung der interessierenden Regionen wurden die Daten an ein standardisiertes Moritz Köster, Thomas Gruber Gesicht angepasst. Es wurde ein signifikanter Rückgang der Gesichts- Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland Temperatur insbesondere in der Wangenregion beobachtet, wohinge- The formation of episodic memories is associated with increases in gen andere Regionen ein gegenläufiges Muster zeigten. Die Ergebnis- theta and gamma power co-occurring with reduced alpha power in se deuten darauf hin, dass die Thermografie ein vielversprechender the human electro- and magnetoencephalogram (EEG and MEG). Ansatz für die Analyse von stressinduzierten physiologischen Prozes- Furthermore, recent studies suggest a critical role of theta-gamma sen ist. phase-to-amplitude coupling (PAC) for successful episodic encoding. DO 80 However, due the correlative nature of neurophysiological measures, Amygdala Reaktivität und Koonnektivität als Risikofaktor questions remain regarding the functional role of these frequency bands. In the present study we experimentally manipulated oscillatory für Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung processes during encoding by presenting pictorial stimuli at individu- Jan Beucke (1), Christian Kaufmann (1), Norbert Kathmann (1), Lisa ally determined theta or alpha frequencies to elicit visually evoked Shin (2) potentials in these specific frequencies (steady state visually evoked 1: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Deutschland; 2: Tufts University, USA potentials; SSVEPs). First, this was to test whether evoked theta oscillations would facilitate memory formation, in contrast to evoked Der Amygdala wird eine bedeutsame Rolle bei der Verarbeitung von oscillations in the alpha band. Second, our analysis focuses on Furchtreaktionen zugeschrieben, und sie ist von zentraler Bedeutung subsequent memory effects of gamma oscillations induced by für neurobiologische Modelle vieler psychischer Erkrankungen. individual theta SSVEPs, compared to induced alpha SSVEPs, to Obwohl Reaktivität und Konnektivität der Amygdala intensiv in vielen scrutinize the functional role of the interplay between theta and Patientengruppen untersucht wird, ist die Bedeutung der so identifi- gamma oscillations. Behavioral results confirm the proposal that zierten Unterschiede zwischen Patienten und Kontrollpersonen stark theta SSVEPs led to higher memory performance compared to alpha limitiert, da es keine Möglichkeit gibt zu unterscheiden, ob die SSVEPs. Preliminary analyses also confirm that theta induced gamma Abnormalitäten ätiologisch bedeutsam sind und bereits vor Beginn oscillations are more predictive for subsequent memory performance der Erkrankung bestehen, oder als Konsequenz oder Korrelat der compared to alpha induced gamma oscillations. These findings Störung zu verstehen sind. Zur Isolation von mit Risiko versus provide strong evidence for a functional difference of theta and alpha Stressexposition assoziierten Abnormalitäten ist die Untersuchung oscillations and highlight the specific function of theta-gamma von monozygoten (MZ) Zwillingspaaren mit posttraumatischer coupling processes in episodic memory formation. Belastungsstörung (PTBS) besonders geeignet, da ein die Symptoma- tik auslösender Stressor definiert werden kann. Die vorliegende DO 82 Untersuchung untersucht mittels eines etablierten Paradigmas zur Investigating Spatial and Temporal Contingency Awareness Aktivierung der Amygdala (Präsentation furchtsamer, glücklicher und in Unilateral Trace Eyeblink Conditioning neutraler Gesichtsausdrücke) mittels funktioneller Magnet- Resonanz-Tomographie (fMRT) MZ Zwillingspaare, die diskordant für Andreas Behrje, Mauro F. Larra, Hartmut Schächinger PTBS sind, sowie als Kontrollgruppe MZ Zwillingspaare, die diskordant Universität Trier, Deutschland für Trauma-Exposition sind, wobei die exponierten Zwillinge keine Trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) depends on hippocampal activation PTBS entwickelt haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass erhöhte Aktivität as well as conscious contingency awareness (CA) and has therefore und Konnektivität der Amygdala sowohl bei Patienten mit PTBS als been proposed as a simple model of declarative memory. In classical auch bei ihren nicht betroffenen Co-Zwillingen im Vergleich zur delay eyeblink conditioning, which occurs independently from CA, Kontrollgruppe bestehen. Die Abnormalitäten scheinen somit einen laterality effects, i.e. stronger conditioned responses (CR) ipsilateral to Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Psychopathologie darzustellen, a unilaterally applied unconditioned stimulus (US), have frequently und legen eine längschnittliche Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs been reported. This was also shown in one prior tEBC study with zwischen Amygdala-Aktivität/Konnektivität und des Auftretens von contingency-aware participants. Psychopathologie nahe. To further investigate the relation between CA and spatial condition- ing different EBC conditions were employed. Participants (N=34) were presented with three different frequencies (CS: 1000Hz, 1400Hz, 1800Hz; 1sec) that were coupled to either a left, right or no airpuff (US: 15psi 50ms) occurring immediately or one second after tone offset (1000ms trace-interval). The coupling of

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frequency with puff laterality was randomly varied between partici- DO 84 pants. CRs were recorded from bilateral m. orbicularis oculi via EMG Self-regulation of prefrontal structures in PTSD: a rt-fMRI and scored as maximum activation in a time window of 400 ms neurofeedback investigation preceding the US. To separately assess the development of both temporal and spatial Jana Zweerings (1, 2), Miriam Dyck (1, 2), Pegah Sarkheil (1, 2), Martin components of CA participants were asked to predict the airpuff via Klasen (1, 2), Mikhail Zvyagintsev (1, 2), Guido Flatten (3), Klaus button press as well as questionnaires and a semi-structured Mathiak (1, 2) interview after the experiment. There was a significant interaction of 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH CS type, time and awareness. In aware participants only, stronger CRs Aachen University, Germany; 2: JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, were observed ipsilateral to the US and this difference increased over Germany; 3: Euregio-Institut für Psychosomatik und Psychotraumatologie time. Also temporal and spatial awareness were highly correlated. Deficits in self-regulation of cognitions and emotions are characteris- DO 83 tic for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive reappraisal is Ein auf langsamen kortikalen Potenzialen beruhendes regarded an effective strategy for emotion regulation. It has been associated with an increase in activation in the lateral prefrontal Neurofeedback-Training zur Erhöhung der Aufmerksam- cortex (LPFC). Prefrontal structures exert control over other brain keitsleistung und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bei regions that are involved in the processing of emotions. In PTSD, Patienten nach Schlaganfall studies have shown reduced LPFC activation during reappraisal (e.g.

Sonja Kleih, Andrea Kübler Xiong et al., 2013). Here, we implemented real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) based neurofeedback to enhance self-regulation of the left LPFC via Universität Würzburg, Deutschland cognitive reappraisal in patients with PTSD and healthy volunteers. Neben körperlichen Beeinträchtigungen stellen kognitive Defizite häufige Folgen eines Schlaganfalls dar. Darunter fallen Aufmerksam- DO 85 keitsdefizite, die die erfolgreiche Teilnahme an Rehabilitationsmaß- The role of spatial proximity to (optimal) effector organs in nahmen erschweren und die Orientierung und Funktionsfähigkeit im cross- and intra-modal cueing of acoustic and tactile Alltag beeinträchtigen. Es gibt in der Forschung bezüglich des Auf- targets merksamkeitsdefizit-Syndroms Hinweise darauf, dass ein Neu- rofeedbacktraining, das auf langsamen kortikalen Potenzialen (LKP) Leandra Bucher (1), Roja Palma de Figueiredo (1,2), Maryvonne beruht, unterstützend wirkt und die Aufmerksamkeitsleistung erhöht. Granowski (1), Frank Zobel (3), Hofmann Markus (1) Daher soll in der vorliegenden Studie das LKP Training auf Schlagan- 1: Universität Wuppertal, Deutschland; 2: Universität Trier; 3: Forschungs- fallpatienten übertragen und die Wirksamkeit auf die Aufmerksam- gemeinschaft Werkzeuge und Werkstoffe e.V., Remscheid keitsleistung geprüft werden. Außerdem könnte die Erfahrung, Stimuli from different sensory modalities, e.g. sound and touch, are Kontrolle über LKPs zu erlangen, die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung most effortlessly combined into joint percepts, when the stimuli share erhöhen und so eine positive Auswirkung auf die subjektiv empfunde- spatial origins. The current study examines this "spatial rule", but with ne Lebensqualität haben. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden bisher regard to the proximity of stimuli´s spatial origins to the respective drei Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefiziten untersucht. Alle wurden (optimal) effector organs. For instance, hands are the optimal effector bezüglich ihrer Aufmerksamkeitsleistung, sowie ihrer Selbstwirksam- organs for processing tactile information. Therefore we expect tactile keitserwartung bevor und nachdem sie ein Neurofeedbacktraining (20 stimulation of the hands to be processed more efficiently, i.e. faster Sitzungen) absolvierten, getestet. Da die Stichprobengröße sehr and less error-prone, than tactile stimulation of the ears. Ears process gering ist, lassen sich die Ergebnisse nur deskriptiv darstellen. Es acoustic information. Therefore we expect acoustic information, zeigte sich, dass die Patienten Kontrolle über ihre LKPs erlangen presented near ears to be more efficiently processed than acoustic konnten und sich die subjektive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung information presented near hands. To test these hypotheses, we erhöhte. Auch bezüglich der Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag ließen sich presented acoustic and tactile stimuli, either near participants´ hands positive Effekte feststellen. Bisherige Befunde sind ermutigend, (experiment 1) or ears (experiment 2). The stimuli were presented as allerdings schränkt die geringe Anzahl an untersuchten Probanden die pairs of (either cross- or intra-modal) cues and targets. An "alerting" Aussagekraft stark ein. cue (either acoustic or tactile) preceded a subsequent target (either

acoustic or tactile). The targets required fast reactions of the partici- pants, using foot pedals. As assumed, tactile hand stimulations enabled faster reactions than tactile stimulation near ears. However, there was no benefit for acoustic targets, presented near ears, compared to acoustic targets presented near hands. Acoustic cues were more efficient than tactile cues, in both, cross- and intra-modal

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cue-target-combinations. Implications of these results on general Results are expected to confirm our pre-analysis and to support the principles of multisensory processing are discussed. implementation of hair cortisol 1:1048576 (HCC) as a differential diagnostic tool. In our pre-analysis data were collected from a sample DO 86 of the Dresden Burnout Study (N = 417, mean ± SD age: 41.32 ± Effects of high-dose ethanol intoxication and hangover on 11.22 years, 34.5% male). Symptoms of burnout and depressivity cognitive flexibility were measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), while HCC was Nicole Wolff, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Christian Beste determined by LC-MS/MS. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Results: Symptoms of burnout and depressivity were positively TU Dresden, Germany associated (rB_Dep = 0.51, p < 0.01). Furthermore burnout was The effects of high-dose ethanol intoxication on cognitive flexibility correlated with HCC (rB_HCC = 0.12, p = 0.04), while no association processes are not well understood and processes related to hangover emerged between depressive symptoms and HCC (rDep_HCC = - after intoxication have remained even more elusive. Similarly, it is 0.01, p = 0.97). unknown in how far the complexity of cognitive flexibility processes is Conclusion: The present study indicated differences between burnout affected by intoxication and hangover effects. We performed a and depressivity with regard to HCC. Results of the main study, neurophysiological study applying high density electroencephalog- including the newly developed section for burnout, will be presented raphy (EEG) recording to analyze event-related potentials (ERPs) and at the conference. perform source localization in a task switching paradigm which varied DO 88 the complexity of task switching by means of memory demands. The results show that high-dose ethanol intoxication only affects task The stress hormone cortisol influences approach-avoidance switching (i.e. cognitive flexibility processes) when memory processes behavior are required to control task switching mechanisms, suggesting that Daniel Best, Ernst Peter Meyer, Thomas Michael Schilling, Hartmut even high doses of ethanol compromise cognitive processes when Schächinger they are highly demanding. The EEG and source localization data Universität Trier show that these effects unfold by modulating response selection processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Perceptual and attentional Stress impacts motivational behavior, but the biological mechanisms selection processes as well as working memory processes were only behind this effect remain unclear. We here investigated whether the unspecifically modulated. In all subprocesses examined, there were no intravenous (IV) administration of a moderate dose (6 mg) of the differences between the sober and hangover states, thus suggesting stress hormone cortisol vs. a saline placebo solution (NaCl 0.9%) a fast recovery of cognitive flexibility after high dose ethanol intoxica- influences approach and avoidance (AA) behavior. Before IV infusion tion. We assume that the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) (T1: 45 minutes pre-infusion), shortly after IV infusion (T2: 2-15 system accounts for the observed effects, while they can hardly be minutes post-infusion), and late after infusion (T3: 62-75 minutes explained by the dopaminergic system. post infusion) male participants (n=22) reacted to 3D approximating avatars that displayed a dynamic change from neutral to either happy DO 87 or fearful facial expressions by moving themselves (MOVE-SELF; Differential ‘diagnosis’ for burnout and depression – does phylogenetically-older perspective) or moving the avatar (MOVE- hair show the difference? OTHER; phylogenetically newer perspective) via joystick control into a central (=approach) or peripheral (=avoidance) screen position. Nicole Rothe, Marlene Penz, Magdalena Kanthak, Andreas Walther, Classical AA congruency effects were present during T1. IV cortisol Robert Miller, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Clemens Kirschbaum administration enhanced AA effects, however, selectively in the Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland MOVE-SELF condition during T3. These results suggest that phyloge- netically older AA behavioral patterns are favored by the stress Background: There is much debate about burnout is a form of hormone cortisol, presumably mediated by genomic mechanisms. depression or a distinct entity. Although there are many studies investigating the relationship between burnout, depression and HPA- axis, the literature remains inconclusive. To overcome interpretational shortages due to the provided assessment tools for burnout, we developed a standardized burnout section for clinical interviews. The study is the first to compare HPA-axis alterations in burnout and depression on basis of these interviews. Method: Burnout is measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) with a new burnout-specific section. Until now we collected data and hair samples of N = 53 participants.

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FR 02 POSTERSESSION FREITAG Causal role of the inferolateral prefrontal cortex in the goal- (POSTERNUMMERN 01 – 44) directed control of behavior Mario Bogdanov (1), Jan E. Timmermann (2), Jan Gläscher (3), FR 01 Friedhelm C. Hummel (2,4), Lars Schwabe (1) Achtsamkeitsbasierte Burnoutprävention im Lehramtsstu- 1: Cognitive Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany; 2: Department dium of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; 3: Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg- Silja Bellingrath, Lena Wimmer, Lisa von Stockhausen Eppendorf, Germany; 4: Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Swiss Universität Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland

Hohe psychosoziale Anforderungen am Arbeitsplatz Schule führen In order to successfully adapt to changing environmental demands, nicht nur dazu, dass Lehrkräfte in besonderem Maße von arbeitsbe- our behavior can be controlled by at least two distinct systems: an dingtem Stress und Burnout betroffen sind, es besteht auch ein efficient but rigid habitual system that relies on simple stimulus- Zusammenhang zwischen der emotionalen Beanspruchung der response (S-R) associations and a more flexible but slow goal- Lehrkräfte und der Unterrichtsqualität. Deshalb sollte es ein wesent- directed system that encodes more complex stimulus-outcome- licher Bestandteil der Lehramtsausbildung sein, die Selbstregulation response (S-O-R) associations. While several brain regions have been frühzeitig zu schulen, um einen besseren Umgang mit arbeitsbezoge- implicated in either of these systems, recent evidence points to the nem Stress zu ermöglichen. Die vorliegende Studie analysierte die inferolateral prefrontal cortex (ilPFC) as a crucial structure in balancing Effekte eines Achtsamkeitstrainings auf Erschöpfung, Affekt und habitual and goal-directed behavioral control. However, this evidence Emotionsregulation. Effekte des Trainings auf Herzartenvariabilität is primarily based on imaging data that are correlational and therefore und Cortisoltagesprofile von Lehrkräften werden in einem laufenden do not allow conclusions regarding the causal contribution of the ilPFC Projekt untersucht. Ein klassisches Mindfulness-Based Stress to this balance. Here, we applied neuro-navigated, sham-controlled Reduction-Curriculum wurde an den Kontext eines Masterseminars in Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) to either enhance or inhibit right ilPFC der Lehramtsausbildung angepasst. 96 Studierende erhielten 8 functionality before participants completed an instrumental learning Gruppensitzungen und wurden instruiert, täglich zu meditieren task specifically designed to test the degree of habitual and goal- (Sitzmeditation u. Bodyscan). Eine aktive Kontrollgruppe (AKG: N=42) directed behavioral control. TBS did not affect learning performance. erhielt ein phenomenologisch orientiertes Bewusstseinstraining. Die However, participants that received inhibitory TBS were less able to passive Kontrollgruppe (PKG: N=31) erhielt keinerlei Training. Die adjust their behavior when task demands changed, demonstrating Analyse erfolgte mit Hilfe von linear mixed-effect models (R). Die more habitual responding than participants receiving enhancing or Achtsamkeitsintervention hatte keinen signifikanten Effekt auf das sham stimulation. We did not find an effect for excitatory TBS. Our Erschöpfungserleben. Signifikante Interaktionen (Gruppe x Messzeit- findings indicate a shift from goal-directed to habitual behavior after punkt) zeigten sich aber in Bezug auf depressive Symptome und functional inhibition of the ilPFC and thus indicate a causal role of the symptomfokussierte Rumination. Die Achtsamkeitsgruppe zeigte ilPFC in the balance between these two systems of behavioral control. einen Abfall der Depressionsscores nach dem Training sowie gleich- bleibende Ruminationswerte, während in der PKG in beiden Fällen ein FR 03 Anstieg beobachtet wurde (p=.01; p<.05). Darüber hinaus nutzte die Modular structure of intrinsic brain networks explains Achtsamkeitsgruppe mehr kognitive Reattribuierung zur Emotionsre- differences in human intelligence gulation als beide Kontrollgruppen (p<.01 PKG u. p=.06 AKG) und mehr Distraktion als die PKG (p<.01). Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass Kirsten Hilger (1,2), Matthias Ekman (3), Christian Fiebach (1,2), Ulrike die Achtsamkeitsgruppe am Ende des Semesters weniger negativen Basten (1) Affekt und bessere Emotionsregulationsstrategien aufwies. Diese 1: Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Germany; 2: IDeA Center for Individual könnten bei steigenden Anforderungen im Referendariat vor emotio- Development and Adaptive Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; 3: naler Beanspruchung und Burnout schützen. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

General intelligence is a fundamental determinant of academic and life success. While previous human brain imaging research has identified correlates of intelligence localized in separate regions of the brain, more recent work examines how interactions between these regions in functional networks contribute to human intelligence. The brain‖s functional network topology is characterized by substantial modularity. Nevertheless, how interactions within and between

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network modules contribute to human intelligence is only poorly FR 05 understood. We modeled subject-specific brain network graphs from The Effect of Negative Motivation on the Autonomic Corre- functional MRI resting-state data (N=309) and examined whole brain lates of Deception (global) and region-specific (local) modularity. There was no associa- tion between intelligence and whole brain modularity. However, Kristina Suchotzki, Matthias Gamer node-type classification analyses revealed significantly fewer ultra- Universität Würzburg, Deutschland peripheral nodes in brain networks of more intelligent people, In forensic contexts, lying is often motivated by the will to avoid suggesting less segregated information processing. Region-specific negative consequences (e.g., an arrest). Previous research investigat- analyses identified four regions in which within-module connectivity ing the effect of motivation on deception has, however, nearly (within-module degree centrality Z-score) and between-module exclusively focused on the effect of positive motivation (e.g., the connectivity (participation coefficient) showed opposite associations possibility to receive financial rewards). In the current study, we with intelligence: In the right anterior insula (AI), higher intelligence therefore aimed to investigate the influence of negative motivation on was associated with more between- and less within-module connec- the autonomic correlates of lying. Participants committed a mock tions, while the reverse was true for the bilateral temporo-parietal theft and then underwent a question procedure in which they had to junction (TPJ) and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG). AI has previously both truthfully and deceptively answer questions about the actually been associated with the detection, evaluation, and selection of committed mock crime and a control crime which was not committed. relevant information for cognitive processing, while TPJ is involved in Half of the participants completed the question procedure without shielding cognitive processes against interference from irrelevant any specific motivation, whereas the other half of the participants information. The specific brain modularity profile observed for more was told that unsuccessful lying (i.e., lies detected by a computer intelligent people suggests that higher network integration of AI in algorithm) would result in a short unpleasant electric stimulation. combination with stronger segregation of TPJ facilitates both pro- Results revealed a larger differentiation between truth telling and cesses simultaneously, which enables successful cognitive perfor- lying in skin conductance responses in the negative motivation mance and ultimately contributes to high intelligence. compared to the no motivation condition. Those results are in line FR 04 with previously found effects of positive motivation on the autonomic The posterior semantic asymmetry (PSA): A brain electrical correlates of information concealment and on verbal and non-verbal behavioral cues to deception, which have been explained by the signature of semantic activation motivation impairment hypothesis. They are, however, in contrast Judith Koppehele-Gossel, Robert Schnuerch, Henning Gibbons with effects of positive emotion on reaction time based deception Universität Bonn, Deutschland measures. Potential explanations for those discrepancies as well as applied implications of our results will be discussed. The present study replicates and extends the findings of Koppehele- Gossel, Schnuerch, and Gibbons (2016, Brain and Language, 157, 35- FR 06 43) of a posterior semantic asymmetry closely tracking the time Binge drinking increases conscious cognitive conflicts, but course and degree of semantic activation from visually-presented decreases subliminally induced ones words. This asymmetry in event-related brain potentials was derived by subtracting right-side from left-side scalp-electrical activity Ann-Kathrin Stock (1), Nicole Wolff (1), Christian Beste (1,2) obtained in a simple single-word reading paradigm. In line with our 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent previous results, the PSA peaked around 300 ms after stimulus onset Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: Experi- and reliably increased with increasing demands on semantic pro- mental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech cessing. As an important extension of previous findings, we used Republic current source density (CSD) transformation. CSD analyses confirmed It is a well-known fact that consuming large quantities of alcohol that the PSA originates from the left temporo-parietal cortex. Once heavily impairs different cognitive faculties, especially executive more, the validity of the PSA as a measure of the effort required to functions and conflict monitoring / control. But while consciously activate word meaning was attested, as the meaning-specific portion initiated top-down behavior has been shown to be strongly impaired of the PSA was smaller in participants with higher verbal intelligence. by acute alcohol intoxication, behavior which is rather automatic and This was true even after controlling for nonverbal intelligence. bottom-up seems to be much less affected. Against this background, Another novel finding was that, for pictorial stimuli, lateralized CSD- we investigated whether alcohol has differential effects on response transformed ERPs and their variation with processing demands were conflicts arising from stimuli that are either subliminally or conscious- substantially different from the word-induced PSA, even though task ly perceived. conditions were otherwise identical. We asked n=22 healthy young male participants to perform a subliminally primed flanker task in in a balanced within-subjects design (i.e. sober vs. intoxicated at 1.1‰) while an EEG was recorded.

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On the behavioral level, we found that an acute alcohol intoxication FR 08 increased the conflict induced by consciously perceived distractors (i.e. The influence of top-down visual search strategies on the flankers), but decreased the conflict induced by subliminally attentional capture and inhibition. Evidence from a spatial perceived distractors (i.e. a masked prime). On the neurophysiological cuing paradigm and the event-related potentials level, we found that the increase in consciously evoked conflicts was mainly evident at early attentional processing stages, as reflected by Christine Mertes, Edmund Wascher, Daniel Schneider flanker effects in the early visual P1 and N1 components. In contrast Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Deutschland to this, the reduction of subliminally induced conflicts was mainly reflected at later stages of conflict monitoring, i.e. by the central N2 During visual search cognitive control mechanisms guarantee the component and variations at electrode Cz around the time of the selection of currently relevant information such as the recovery from parietal P3 peak. attentional capture by irrelevant objects. By means of the event- Taken together, our findings show that an acute alcohol intoxication related potentials (ERPs), we investigated how attentional capture differentially affects subliminally and consciously triggered conflicts. and inhibitory processes are influenced by top-down visual search The implications of these findings are discussed. strategies. Participants performed a spatial cuing task where a target array was preceded by an irrelevant color singleton cue that was FR 07 either contingent (color search) or non-contingent (shape search) on Does cognitive load enhance affective priming? An event- the attentional set. To trigger the adaptation of different search related potential study strategies, the target could be either identified by searching for a singleton or a specific feature. Independent of the search mode, Laura-Effi Seib-Pfeifer, Robert Schnuerch, Judith Koppehele-Gossel, spatial cuing effects were most pronounced in the contingent Henning Gibbons condition. The ERP findings provided evidence for two distinct search Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Deutschland strategies: N2pc mirrored attentional capture by the irrelevant cue and was most pronounced for singleton search mode. Rapid reorient- Following affective primes, evaluative judgments about neutral ing of the attentional focus was indexed by a subsequent contrala- targets tend to systematically shift towards the valence of the teral positivity referred to the color cue (i.e. distractor positivity; Pd). primes. Prior research suggests that this affective priming effect This early positivity did not vary between the search strategies. (APE) increases when the primes are processed superficially rather Inhibition of the irrelevant information was reflected by a second than deeply. This is in line with the assumption that affect misattribu- contralateral positivity after target presentation which was enhanced tion contributes to the APE. We experimentally varied the depth of for the contingent condition of the feature search mode. Furthermore, prime processing during an AMP-like affective priming procedure by fronto-central effects reflected reduced attentional capture and means of a concurrent working-memory task. 47 participants rated stronger inhibition of irrelevant information for the feature search their liking of Korean ideographs following clearly visible affective mode. Altogether, the ERP findings speak in favor of enhanced prime words while EEG was recorded. In a within-subject design three cognitive control when feature search mode is adapted. levels of working-memory load were applied specifically during prime processing, to vary the amount of cognitive resources available. The FR 09 APE was significant at all loads and unexpectedly even tended to The impact of stress on extinction retrieval of socially decrease over loads, although efficiency of the load manipulation was relevant fear associations confirmed by reduced amplitudes of posterior attention-sensitive prime ERPs. Prime ERPs further revealed greater explicit affective Annika C. Eichholtz, Oliver T. Wolf, Christian J. Merz discrimination of the primes as load increased. This suggests that Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland participants by default tried to inhibit the processing of the primes‖ affect to enable unbiased target judgments. However this inhibition Stress and the stress hormone cortisol have been reliably shown to more often failed under high load, causing a breakthrough of affect. In reduce retrieval of emotional material in the domain of declarative the target ERP the medial-frontal positivity, a well-established memory. Few studies so far investigated the impact of stress marker of stimulus value, systematically varied as a function of prime hormones on retrieval of fear-associated memories. Repeated affect, suggesting altered affective processing of the target (i.e., pairings of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with a neutral prime-target affect transfer). Our findings thus support affect stimulus lead to conditioned fear responses towards this now misattribution as a major source of the overall APE but also point to conditioned stimulus (CS+). To explore the impact of more socially the relevance of strategic control processes. relevant processes, in- and outgroup faces have been previously employed as conditioned stimuli. In the current study, we investigated how acute stress influences this social fear conditioning approach. During acquisition training, 40 healthy men were confronted repeat- edly with two in- and two outgroup faces, one of each was coupled with an electrical stimulation (UCS), representing the CS+, whereas

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the other was not paired with the UCS (CS-). During extinction FR 11 training, all CS were presented again without UCS application. On the Die potentiale Rolle biologischer Marker zur Erfassung und next day, participants were randomly assigned to a stress (socially Beschreibung von Burnout evaluated cold pressor test) or a control condition. Between-group differences during extinction retrieval of in- and outgroup CS were Marlene Penz (1), Magdalena Kanthak (1), Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum tested after stress induction. Acute stress modulated extinction (1), Andreas Walther (1), Tobias Stalder (1,2), Clemens Kirschbaum (1) retrieval on the second day: whereas the control group showed a 1: TU Dresden, Deutschland; 2: Universität Siegen, Deutschland differentiation in skin conductance responses between in- and Burnout ist ein bereits vielbeschriebenes und vermutlich weit verbrei- outgroup faces, stress reduced this differentiation. Overall, acute tetes Stress-Phänomen. Im breiten Verständnis beschreibt Burnout stress seems to inhibit the retrieval of combined socially and fear- einen tiefgreifenden Erschöpfungszustand, der auf eine langanhalten- relevant information, pointing to a similar underlying mechanism as in de chronische Stressbelastung am Arbeitsplatz zurückzuführen ist. declarative memory. Eine allgemein gültige Beschreibung, Definition oder Diagnose zu FR 10 Burnout fehlt allerdings bis dato. Ebenso wenig ist bisher über Stress Attenuates Frontal Theta Oscillations and Reward mögliche biologische Korrelate bekannt, die einem Burnout-Verlauf vorausgehen oder einen solchen begleiten können. Im Rahmen der Learning from Immediate but not Delayed Rewards Dresdner Burnout Studie (DBS) wurden zu bisher zwei Erhebungszeit- Marcus Paul (1), Christian Bellebaum (2), Boris Suchan (3), Oliver T. räumen (T1 und T2) Blut- und Haarproben sowie Selbstauskunftsda- Wolf (1) ten zu Burnout und Depression von insgesamt 920 Personen erho- 1: Kognitionspsychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland; 2: ben. Gesucht wurde nach möglichen Zusammenhängen der biologi- Biologische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Deutsch- schen Marker (Haar: Steroidhormone; Blut: Differentialblutbild) und land; 3: Klinische Neuropsychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutsch- Burnout, die sich nicht ebenso gut durch dahinterliegende depressive land Symptome erklären lassen. Langfristiges Ziel der DBS ist die Erfas- sung und Beschreibung eines Burnout-typischen Verlaufs anhand von Preferences in choices can be acquired via dopaminergic midbrain Biomarkern. Der Vortrag fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten zwei Jahre neurons and the striatum or via the hippocampus. Reward delays dieser für 12 Jahre ausgelegten, prospektiven Längsschnittstudie reduce the striatal involvement in learning, which instead becomes zusammen und diskutiert deren mögliche Relevanz für einen biolo- more hippocampus-dependent. The reduction of striatal involvement gisch fundierten diagnostischen Ansatz des Burnout-Syndroms. in learning is reflected in a decreased feedback-related negativity

(FRN) in the EEG. Stress has been shown to influence learning and reward processing. FR 12 However, while some studies reported stress to increase striatal and Are variants of the acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA5 prefrontal dopamine availability and increase the FRN, other studies beneficial or not for subjects with features of ADHD? demonstrated an attenuation of reward processing and reward- related neuronal activations after stress. Andrea Schote-Frese, Clara Sayk, Kathrin Pabst, Jacqueline Meier, The current study investigated how oscillatory and time-locked EEG Jobst Meyer components are influenced by stress and reward delay. Abt. Verhaltensgenetik, Forschungsinstitut Psychobiologie, Universität Fifty males underwent a stressful or a control situation before they Trier, Deutschland conducted a reward learning task. Based on immediate (0.5s) or The impairment of attention, combined with impulsivity and hyperac- delayed (6.5s) rewards, participants learned to choose between tivity, are key symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder stimuli, which were linked to a fixed reward probability (0, 20, 40, 60, (ADHD). ADHD is a complex disorder, mostly determined by biological or 80%). After their decision between two stimuli, they received either factors and displaying a considerable amount of heterogeneity. 0.20€ reward, or 0.10€ punishment in each trial. Endophenotypes such as response inhibition might increase the Stress impaired the learning from immediate rewards, while it chance of finding genetic associations with the disorder. Therefore, enhanced learning from delayed rewards. The theta power was our aim was to investigate the relationship between response reduced by stress after immediate rewards, while groups differences inhibition, ADHD and variants of the acetylcholine receptor gene were absent after delayed rewards. A decline in the FRN was found CHRNA5. after stress and after delayed rewards. A total of 183 participants (mean age 25.66 ± 11.02, 52.5 % female) These results demonstrate that stress modulates reward learning, were included, ADHD-status determined using the ADHS-SB ques- and attenuates oscillatory and time-locked reward processing signals. tionnaire. Response inhibition and speed were measured with the This underlines that the interplay of stress and reward timing Stop Signal Task. Two CHRNA5 variants, rs3841324 (S/L alleles) and modifies the learning outcome and the processing of rewards. rs16969968 (G/A alleles), were genotyped. A MANCOVA was carried

out using response speed and response inhibition as dependent

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variables; sex, ADHD status and CHRNA5 genotypes as independent attributed to disruptions in dopaminergic transmission and changed variables. dopamine-related circadian rhythms of RLS patients. We found that carrier of the minor S-allele scoring high on ADHD showed increased response speed (F = 2.947; p = 0.056; η² = 0.038). FR 14 Further, in the combined SS_GG genotype, women exceeding the Imaging memory transformation: neural signature of ADHD-cut-off were slower than men, while in participants below the detailed and gist-like memories of recent and remote cut-off, women were faster than men (F = 5.313; p = 0.023; η² = events 0.034). There were no significant interactions with response inhibi- tion. Lisa Dandolo, Lars Schwabe For women with features of ADHD, the CHRNA5 genotype SS_GG Universität Hamburg, Deutschland seems to be a risk factor as it increases their response speed and Over time, memories undergo a neural reorganization. Yet the exact therewith reinforce their hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, for nature of this reorganization is still debated. According to the Stand- male carriers with ADHD symptoms, a beneficial effect might be ard Consolidation Theory, memories are gradually consolidated from suggested. the hippocampus to the neocortex until they are ultimately independ- FR 13 ent of the hippocampus. The Memory Transformation Hypothesis, however, postulates that memories undergo a transformation from Circadian effects of automatic visuo-motor priming in RLS detailed, episodic to gist-like, semantic representations that can be patients- an EEG source localization study retrieved solely from the neocortex, whereas the detailed episodic Rui Zhang (1), Moritz Brandt (2,4), Wiebke Schrempf (2), Moritz memories would always remain hippocampus-dependent. This Mückschel (1,5), Christian Beste (1,3), Ann-Kathrin Stock (1) experiment contrasted these views and tested the transformation of episodic memories as well as the neural changes associated with the 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent temporal dynamics of memory. Participants encoded pictures and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstr. 42, 01307 performed a recognition test in the MRI scanner either 1 day or 28 Dresden, Germany; 2: Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus days later. Critically, the recognition test contained, in addition to the University hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germa- original and entirely novel pictures, similar pictures carrying the gist of ny; 3: Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, the original ones, thus allowing us to assess the specificity of Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; 4: German Center for memory. Overall, memory performance after 28d was reduced Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; compared to 1d but was still mainly intact. Twenty-eight day old 5: MS Centre Dresden, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany memories, however, were characterized by a striking lack of specificity The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensory-motor disorder and the reflected in a significantly elevated false alarm rate specifically for symptoms pronounce most strongly in the evening and at night. In similar pictures, thus suggesting a transformation to more gist-like spite of the circadian variation of sensory and motor symptoms, memories. Imaging data showed significantly reduced hippocampus potentially associated diurnal changes of dopamine-regulated and entorhinal cortex activity after 28d (vs. 1d), whereas activity in cognitive performance such as automatic visuo-motor priming have most neocortical regions of interest did not differ. Multivariate not yet been investigated in RLS patients. It is unclear whether RLS imaging analyses targeting the hippocampal and neocortical repre- patients show deficits in the automatic response activation, and sentation of recent and remote memories are currently being per- whether these deficits are enhanced in the evening akin to sensory formed and will be presented at the meeting. and motor symptoms. Moreover, the underlying neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical processes are elusive. To investigate FR 15 this, we applied EEG in combination with source localization methods Specific neurophysiological mechanisms underlie cognitive (sLORETA) to examine daytime effects (morning vs evening) in RLS inflexibility in inflammatory bowel disease patients compared to healthy controls using a Simon task. RLS patients performed better in the evening than in the morning, which Vanessa Petruo (1), Sebastian Zeißig (1), Renate Schmelz (1), Jochen was reflected by the neurophysiological data with a less positive initial Hampe (1), Christian Beste (1,2) early LRP (e-LRP) in the evening compared to in the morning. This 1: Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: National Institute of finding suggests that RLS patients benefit from an intensified Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic impairment of location-based automatic response activation in the Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is highly prevalent. While the evening which is mediated via networks consisting of superior parietal pathophysiological mechanisms of IBD are increasingly understood, cortex and premotor cortex. In contrast, controlled response selection there is a lack of knowledge concerning cognitive dysfunctions in IBD. as well as early attentional processing seems unaffected by RLS. The This is all the more the case concerning the underlying neurophysio- daytime-dependent impairment in visuo-motor priming may be logical mechanisms. In the current study we focus on possible dysfunctions of cognitive flexibility (task switching) processes in IBD

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patients using a system neurophysiological approach combining FR 17 event-related potential (ERP) recordings with source localization Content specific properties of the norepinephrine system in analyses. We show that there are task switching deficits (i.e. in- cognitive control – Evidence from EEG and pupillary re- creased switch costs) in IBD patients. The neurophysiological data sponses show that even though the pathophysiology of IBD is diverse and wide-spread, only specific cognitive subprocesses are altered: There Moritz Mückschel (1,2), Witold Chmielewski (1), Tjalf Ziemssen (2), was a selective dysfunction at the response selection level (N2 ERP) Christian Beste (1,3) associated with functional alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent and the right inferior frontal gyrus. Attentional selection processes Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: MS Centre (N1 ERP), perceptual categorization processes (P1 ERP), or mecha- Dresden, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 3: Experimental nisms related to the flexible implementation of task sets and related Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic working memory processes (P3 ERP) do not contribute to cognitive inflexibility in IBD patients and were unchanged. It seems that The efficiency of cognitive control, as a major function of the prefron- pathophysiological processes in IBD strongly compromise cognitive- tal cortex, is modulated by the phasic release of norepinephrine (NE) neurophysiological subprocesses related to fronto-striatal networks. at specific time points. Usually, different aspects of information These circuits may become overstrained in IBD when cognitive require simultaneous processing at a certain time point. It is unknown flexibility is required. whether the NE system is able to specifically modulate different aspects of ongoing information processing, even if the same func- FR 16 tional neuroanatomical structures are involved. This question was An ERP study of induced mental fatigue and task switching examined using a flanker paradigm by integrating EEG and pupil diameter data and applying signal processing techniques including Vanessa Petruo (1), Christian Beste (1,2) Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) as well as source localization. 1: Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: National Institute of The results show, that the NE systems modulates motor-response Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic related processes stronger than stimulus-related or central decision Mental fatigue is described as the effect that people experience from processes in action control. More interesting, this modulation was prolonged periods of cognitive activity. It is strongly linked to the evident even though these processes overlapped in time and were quality of work productivity due to impairments in cognitive function- mediated by overlapping medial-frontal cortical structures. In sum, ing. However, despite the fact that long-lasting execution of cogni- the NE system specifically modulates different aspects of information tively challenging tasks are present in a vast field of every day work which are processed at the same point in time in medial-frontal tasks, neural mechanisms accompanying behavioral deterioration are cortical areas. poorly understood. In this study, we induce mental fatigue in young FR 18 healthy adults in a 3 hours continuous demanding switch task Neuronale Korrelate von Effekten vorausgehender negati- performance. Our objective is to provide evidence for altered brain activity during switching between tasks over time. We present data ver Kontextinformation auf die Emotionserkennung showing effects of mental fatigue have specific effects on response Sabrina Fenske, Peter Kirsch, Daniela Mier selection mechanisms (N2 and P3 ERPs), but not on attentional Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Universität Heidelberg / Fakultät selection processes. The data suggest that switching processes Mannheim, Mannheim undergo strong declines in early time on task periods, opposed to later periods in the experiments. Short breaks do not fully restore Die korrekte Identifikation emotionaler Gesichtsausdrücke stellt eine cognitive flexibility processes. grundlegende Voraussetzung für adäquate soziale Interaktion dar. Negative Verzerrungen in der Emotionserkennung sind charakteris- tisch für verschiedene psychische Erkrankungen und können zu Einschränkungen im sozialen Funktionsniveau führen. Eine starke Interferenz durch Kontextinformationen, die für die eigentliche Interpretation der aktuellen Situation irrelevant sind, könnte eine Erklärung für die Entstehung eines negativen Bias in der Emotions- wahrnehmung sein. Zur Untersuchung der neuronalen Korrelate eines solchen Mechanis- mus, wurde eine funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie-Studie durchgeführt. In dieser wurde ein Emotionserkennungsparadigma angewendet, in dem die 31 gesunden Teilnehmer sowohl emotionale als auch neutrale Gesichtsausdrücke, denen entweder ein neutrales

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oder negatives soziales Szenenbild vorausging, hinsichtlich ihrer Valenz beurteilten. In der Beurteilung positiver Gesichtsausdrücke trat ein negativer Bias durch negative vorangehende Kontextinformation auf, nicht jedoch bei neutralen und negativen Gesichtsausdrücken. Auf neuronaler Ebene zeigte sich eine verstärkte Aktivierung in Amygdala, Nucleus Accumbens und superiorem temporalen Sulcus in Reaktion auf neutrale Gesichter, denen ein negatives Szenenbild vorausging. Für positive und negative Gesichtsausdrücke zeigte sich in diesem Vergleich jeweils eine differentielle Aktivierung in Nucleus Accumbens (negative Gesichter) und superiorem temporalen Sulcus (positive Gesichter). Ein stärkerer negativer Bias durch ein negatives Szenenbild war zudem mit einer erhöhten Aktivierung im Brodmann Areal 44 assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass der Einfluss aufgabenirrelevan- ter, negativer Kontextinformation bei gesunden Personen die Beurtei- lung positiver Gesichtsausdrücke negativ verzerrt und sich auf der sensitiveren neuronalen Ebene in spezifischen Aktivierungsverände- rungen für die verschiedenen Gesichtsausdrücke zeigt.

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FR 19 longer confounded. Reduced Simon effects after non-corresponding Applying the Affective Neuroscience Framework for the trials were evident. In the electrophysiological data, however, neither the fronto-central N2, a marker for cognitive control, nor the parietal molecular study of Internet and Smartphone Addiction: P3, an index of response selection processes, were sequentially Preliminary results modulated by the previous correspondence. The analysis of the Rayna Sariyska, Bernd Lachmann, Christian Montag feature integration effects showed that response times and accuracy Universität Ulm, Deutschland were differently affected by feature overlaps. Additionally, an in- creased parietal P3 was found when the response as well as the The current study aims at applying a recently proposed Affective stimulus changes. Compared to all other sequences reduced cognitive Neuroscience Framework (ANF, Montag et al., 2016), providing a control (N2) was found only in sequences, which neither involved a roadmap for the molecular study of Internet addiction. Based on it, a change of features nor a conflict. Overall, the data indicate that not SNP on the Prolactin (PRL) gene was investigated in the context of only the repetition of integrated feature representations, but rather Internet and Smartphone addiction. In the context of ANF, PRL has the repetition of single features modulates performance. The ob- been proposed to play a role for the brain emotional systems of served pattern seems not to be explainable by one theory alone. SADNESS and CARE. N=567 participants (166 males) filled in the Generalized-Problematic- FR 21 Internet-Use-Scale 2 (GPIUS-2), the Smartphone-Addiction-Scale Der Einfluss des COMT Val158Met Polymorphismus` auf (SAS) and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS), and selbstberichtete Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle, Achtsamkeit provided buccal swaps for genotyping rs1205960 and rs13354826, und alltägliche kognitive Fehler located on the PRL and PRLR (prolactin receptor) genes. The SAS subscale ‘cyberspace-oriented relationships’ and the GPIUS- Cornelia Sindermann (1), Sebastian Markett (2), Sonja Jung (1), 2 subscale ‘mood regulation’ showed one of the highest positive Christian Montag (1,3) correlations with the SADNESS system (rho=.16, p<.001 and rho=.25, 1: Universität Ulm, Deutschland; 2: Universität Bonn, Deutschland; 3: p<.001 respectively). Furthermore, high scores on these scales were University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China significantly associated with the TT-genotype of rs1205960 com- Das Funktionieren kognitiver Prozesse ist sowohl im Alltag, als auch pared to C(+)-allele carriers (U(533,32)=6226.5, p<.05 and im klinischen Umfeld, von enormer Wichtigkeit. Kognitive Funktionen, U(532,32)=6354.0, p<.05 respectively). Male participants triggered die dabei im Fokus momentaner Forschung stehen, sind Aufmerk- these results. The TT-genotype was also significantly linked to higher samkeitskontrolle (attentional control), Achtsamkeit (Mindfulness) scores in SADNESS (M(c-)=36.97 and M(c+)=34.83, F(1, 562)=6.312, und die Disposition für alltägliche kognitive Fehler / Ausrutscher p<.01). The results are limited due to the small group of TT carriers, (everyday cognitive failures). Es wurde gezeigt, dass jedes dieser resulting in 32 participants (ca. 6% of the complete sample). No Konstrukte durch genetische Komponenten beeinflusst ist. Zusätzlich significant associations were found for rs13354826. wurde gezeigt, dass die Ausprägung im COMT Val158Met Polymor- Although these results need to be considered as preliminary, they phismus auf biochemischem Level Auswirkungen auf den Katabolis- provide first evidence for applying the ANF in the context of Internet mus des Botenstoffs Dopamin im Gehirn hat, und auf psychologi- and Smartphone addiction. The present sample is currently enlarged schem Level auf kognitive Funktionen. Darauf aufbauend wurde die to test the robustness of the presented effects. Genetik von insgesamt 537 deutschen Probanden aus dem Ulm Gene FR 20 Brain Behavior Project (UGBBP) an der Universität Ulm mit besonde- Investigating trial-by-trial modulation of performance in rem Fokus auf die Ausprägung im COMT Val158Met Polymorphismus analysiert und in Verbindung mit Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle, Acht- different feature repetition conditions samkeit und alltäglichen kognitive Fehlern / Ausrutschern gebracht. Katharina Hoppe, Kristina Küper, Edmund Wascher Der homozygote Met/Met Genotyp im COMT Val158Met Polymor- IfADo, Deutschland phismus wurde mit geringeren Werten in Achtsamkeit und höheren Werten bei alltäglichen kognitiven Fehlern in Verbindung gebracht. Ein In spatial stimulus-response compatibility tasks, a conflict of stimulus signifikanter Effekt des Genotypen im COMT Val158Met Polymor- and response locations (non-corresponding) leads to longer response phismus auf Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle konnte jedoch nicht gezeigt times. This effect is reduced when the previous trial is also non- werden. Daher deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Ausprägung corresponding. Such sequential effects are often explained by a trial- im COMT Val158Met Polymorphismus den Einfluss auf Achtsamkeit by-trial adaptation of cognitive control. However, feature integration und alltägliche kognitive Fehler über Facetten auswirkt, die nicht mit effects as well as priming effects can also explain the observed Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle zusammenhängen. Aufbauend auf der phenomenon. Here, a Simon task with four stimuli mapped to two Warrior-Worrier-Hypothese könnten als solche Facetten nicht nur responses was used, which allowed a fine-grained analysis of feature kognitive, sondern beispielsweise auch emotionale Faktoren, genannt integration effects. As the stimulus changes independently from the werden. Denn frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass Emotionen response, feature integration and conflict adaptation effects are no

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ebenfalls mit der Ausprägung im COMT Val158Met Polymorphismus by changes in body position and orientation. A well-established zusammenhängen, und zusätzlich auch Achtsamkeit und alltägliche theory of spatial learning in children assumes an ontogenetic se- kognitiven Fehler mit emotionalen Konstrukten zusammenhängen. quence from egocentric (body-centered) to allocentric (external world-centered) representations of space implying a sequential FR 22 development from coarse to complex spatial representations. We Stress and Decision Making under Uncertainty: An Event- leveraged a Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) approach collecting Related Potential Study synchronized high-density EEG and full body motion capture in an interactive sparse virtual reality (VR) setup. Subjects explored an Elizabeth Hertel (1), Sophie Hütcher (1), Viola Sistemich (1), Holger invisible maze by real walking, visual exploration, and reaching for Hecht (1), Ewald Naumann (2), Wolfgang Miltner (1) walls and doorways. Wall touches elicited sparse, discrete visual 1: FSU Jena, Deutschland; 2: Universität Trier feedback percepts providing the basis for event-related data analyses Research on stress and its influence on decision making has recently approaches to investigate EEG effective source- and sensor-level become a relevant topic. Often decision making takes place under dynamics. We analyzed movement data to mark and quantify events uncertainty (the probabilities of possible outcome alternatives are of navigation behavior and describe ongoing processes of spatial unknown) and under acute stress conditions. A recent hypothesis knowledge acquisition. These descriptors were used as a weighting of states, that acute stress leads to more risky behavior, because stress the instantaneous behavior with respect to its spatial information changes the quality of feedback processing, which is the only mecha- content. The analyses focused on validating existing models of spatial nism to evaluate decisions under uncertainty. knowledge acquisition and the computation of spatial representa- The current study investigated if acute stress leads to altered tions. The present results of the ongoing study indicate (a) sufficient feedback processing and therefore to riskier and more reward seeking data quality to employ computational data analyses and mining decisions in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Furthermore, the procedures and (b) substantial findings regarding human spatial influence of stress on the neural correlate of decision making, the cognition. Feedback Related Negativity (FRN), was examined via recording of FR 24 event-related potentials from 61 electrodes during the BART. Stress was induced in 22 participants by the Social Evaluated Cold Pressure Neuronal correlates of feedback processing in a reversal Task (SECPT) and stress levels were assessed with questionnaires learning task in relation to the need for cognitive closure and salivary cortisol measurements at seven time points during the Natalie Ulrich, Roman Osinsky experiment. Subsequently, participants were assigned with regard to Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland their cortisol reaction in a high or low cortisol responder group. Ten control subjects were examined in the same way, but instead of the The need for cognitive closure (NFCC) refers to a motivational state in SECPT, they received the same procedure with hand warm water. which people seek to close open decision situations and fill knowledge Contrary to previous research, our results indicate that stressed gaps quickly, in order to escape from the ambiguity associated with subjects reacted less risky, especially at higher risk levels with no such situations. This need cannot only be conceptualized as a state, differences in the FRN between the experimental stressed groups and but also as a stable personality trait. Participants with a high NFCC the control group. A consequence of our results is the suggestion to initially show more information seeking behavior (seizing) and look more closely to the covariation of psychological and biological subsequently stick to the resulting decisions and inferences longer stress measures. (freezing). The present study investigated neuronal correlates of freezing in relation to NFCC. Twenty-seven participants completed a FR 23 probabilistic reversal learning paradigm. The feedback-related Mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) of spatial knowledge negativity (FRN) and P300 were analyzed as neuronal correlates of acquisition during unconstrained exploration in virtual feedback processing. We found no relation between NFCC and the reality (VR) number of perseveration errors. However, the FRN difference between negative feedback following rule reversal and valid positive Lukas Gehke, Klaus Gramann feedback correlated positively with NFCC. An additional exploratory TU Berlin, Deutschland analysis of response-related event-related potentials showed a significant negative correlation between the error positivity and NFCC. The neuroscientific study of human navigation has been constrained Taken together, the electrophysiological results suggest that partici- by traditional brain imaging approaches requiring subjects to remain pants with increased NFCC are less aware of their errors, which fits stationary. Such imaging approaches neglect a central component with an increased freezing tendency. Nevertheless, they can still use characterizing navigation – the multisensory experience of self- external feedback to appropriately adapt their behavior. movement. Navigation by actual walking heavily relies on idiothetic cues, i.e. information originating from navigators‖ movements as well as allothetic cues, i.e., information about objects and space unaffected

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FR 25 greater connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex and the parahip- VR Diagnostic Tool For Social Anxiety: A Pilot Study pocampal gyrus. The results suggest a relation between RPV, mood and depression on Youssef Shiban (1), Martin Dechant (2), Christian Wolff (2), Sabine the behavioural and neural level. Based on these findings, we assume Trimpl (1), Andreas Mühlberger (1) that a main respiratory problem of rMDD can be found in the out- 1: Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg, breathing part of the respiration cycle. Interventions focusing on Deutschland; 2: Medieninformatik, Universität Regensburg, Deutschland respiration might provide a useful additional tool in the treatment of depression. The potential of virtual reality for diagnosing anxiety disorders has been explored to a lesser extent than its use in psychotherapy so far. FR 27 The current study applied virtual environments as an innovative Oscillatory brain activity mirrors different mnemonic mech- diagnostic tool for social anxiety and social anxiety disorder and examined differences between low- and high-socially-anxious anisms during multiple item repetition participants on the basis of specific psychological parameters and Sebastian Graetz (1), Jonathan Daume (2), Thomas Gruber (1) recordings of gaze behavior. Out of 119 subjects, 19 low- and 18 1: Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland; 2: Universitätsklinikum Hamburg- high-socially-anxious participants were selected by a social anxiety Eppendorf, Deutschland questionnaire. During the completion of eight tasks in a virtual train and waiting room scenario, the skin conductance response and gaze Mnemonic processes are accompanied by changes in oscillatory brain behavior was monitored. The findings indicate that analyzing fixation activity, e.g. in the theta (4–7 Hz) and gamma band (> 25 Hz). Recent durations of faces in a virtual social situation is even more suitable for studies applied ‘old/new’ recognition designs and revealed that distinguishing low- and high-social-anxious participants than gamma oscillation might reflect the activation of object-related investigations of skin conductance responses. memory traces, while theta band activity is attributed to executive control functions. We intended to increase the validity of these FR 26 findings by repeating ‘old’ items not only once but several times. To Respiration pattern variability, depression, and the default that end, we performed high-density EEG recordings during a mode network continuous ‘old/new’ recognition task with up to four repetitions per item (mean item repetition at ~10sec). We examined spectral ampli- Vera Zamoscik (1), Stephanie NL Schmidt (1), Martin Fungisai Gerchen tudes and cross-frequency coupling between theta phases and (1), Christos Samsouris (1,2), Christina Timm (1), Christine Kuehner (1), gamma amplitudes with repetition count as independent variable. Peter Kirsch (1) We found an increase of theta amplitudes from the initial presenta- 1: Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland; 2: University of tion to the first repetition. Interestingly, theta amplitudes dropped to Amsterdam, Netherlands the level of the initial presentation after the second repetition. In contrast, the coupling of theta phase to gamma amplitudes at fronto- Studies with healthy participants and patients with respiration related central sites decreased with the second repetition but linearly disorders suggest a relation between altered respiration and mood. recovered to its initial values with further presentations. The aim of the present analyses was to investigate whether emotion- Conclusion: (1) Theta power does not merely mirror genuinely ally challenged remitted depressed participants (rMDD) show higher retrieval-related control functions but changes in response behavior respiration pattern variability (RPV) and whether this is related to from a ‘new’ to an ‘old’ response. (2) Cross-frequency coupling might mood, clinical outcome and default mode network connectivity, a not only indicate the interaction of executive control functions on neural marker of depression. cortical object representations but also a transition from explicit to To challenge participants, sad mood was induced with keywords of implicit processing strategies after multiple item repetitions. personal negative life events in rMDD (n=30) and matched healthy controls (n=30) during fMRI. Respiration was measured by means of a FR 28 built-in respiration belt. Additionally, questionnaires, a daily life Sleep supports systems memory consolidation in hippo- assessment of valence and a 3 years follow-up were applied. For replication, we analysed an independent sample of 53 rMDD who campus and posterior parietal cortex underwent the same paradigm. Lea Himmer (1), Monika Schönauer (1), Dominik Heib (2), Manuel In both samples, rMDD showed greater variability in their respiration Schabus (2), Steffen Gais (1) patterns, e.g. higher variability in respiratory pause duration and in 1: University of Tübingen, Germany; 2: University of Salzburg, Austria addition higher main respiration frequency and lower outbreath to inbreath ratio. Higher RPV was related to lower daily life valence and Memories undergo a transitional process termed systems memory predicted higher depression scores and even relapses after 3 years. consolidation to allow flexible learning as well as stable long-term Furthermore, in rMDD higher main respiration frequency was linked to storage. This is supposed to be driven by a change in the neural substrates supporting new memories. Though sleep is thought to

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foster systems consolidation, we recently showed the rapid emer- FR 30 gence of a posterior parietal memory network for a spatial memory CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION (CPM) – MORE THAN task while memory became increasingly independent of the hippo- JUST HABITUATION? AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF SE- campus. To investigate whether fast transitions in neural activity also QUENCE EFFECTS occur for non-spatial learning and, importantly, whether sleep is necessary for transitions to be stabilized, we tracked neural activity of Claudia Horn-Hofmann, Romy Springer, Eva Siegmann, Kim Gartner, 32 subjects over learning repetitions by fMRI. Subjects repeatedly Stefan Lautenbacher studied a wordlist and came back for a second session 12 hours later, Physiologische Psychologie, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Deutsch- spending the time in between either asleep or awake. During the land second session, subjects again studied the original wordlist, with half of the words replaced by new ones. We identified systems consolida- Background and aims: Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an tion as a transition of task-evoked neural activity from hippocampus experimental paradigm capturing endogenous pain modulation which to posterior parietal regions induced by repeated learning. These rapid has gained importance due to its association with clinical pain. CPM changes in hippocampal contribution were stabilized over sleep, describes the inhibition of the pain response to a test stimulus (TS) by whereas wakefulness led to a reset of hippocampal activity. Our the concurrent application of a second noxious stimulus, the condi- findings demonstrate the distinctive paths memories take over tioning stimulus (CS). However, by standard the baseline condition (TS consolidation during sleep and wakefulness. They indicate a fast alone) is always presented prior to the CPM condition (TS + CS) so that transition in memory systems contributions from a hippocampal pain inhibition could be simply due to habituation. encoding system to a posterior parietal long-term memory storage, Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (female: N = 34) underwent two CPM which develops over learning repetitions. The maintenance of this test blocks: one standard block (baseline – CPM) and one reversed shift in memory systems, however, depends critically on sleep. block (CPM – baseline) separated by a 20 minute break. The sequence of the two blocks was balanced across subjects (standard first: N = FR 29 26). TS were heat stimuli applied to the left forearm via a contact Defensive Mobilisierung auf interozeptive Bedrohung bei thermode; we assessed a) pain threshold and b) ratings of fixed Patienten mit Panikstörung vor und nach expositionsbasier- intensity stimuli (48 °C). Immersion of the right hand in a cold water bath served as CS. ter Verhaltenstherapie Results: We found no effect of block (first vs. second test block). In Christiane Pane-Farre, Christoph Benke, Manuela Alius, Alfons Hamm addition, there was no effect of CPM condition (standard vs. reversed) Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald, Deutschland for pain ratings; however, we observed a tendency towards more efficient CPM in the standard condition for pain threshold. Verschiedene Studien belegen eine Hyperreagibilität des Defensivsys- Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CPM effect might be partly tems bei Patienten mit Panikstörung. Um zu überprüfen, ob diese explained by habituation, particularly when pain threshold is assessed Hyperreagibilität des Defensivsystems durch eine standardisierte as outcome. Future research should systematically explore sequence psychotherapeutische Intervention reduziert werden kann, wurden in effects on CPM for different stimulus modalities and outcome der vorliegenden Untersuchung Patienten mit Panikstörung wieder- measures. holt, d.h. vor und nach einer expositionsbasierten Verhaltenstherapie (n= 40) bzw. einer äquivalenten Wartezeit (n= 20), während einer FR 31 Provokation gefürchteter Körpersymptome durch geleitete Hyperven- Attentional Bias Modification in Social Anxiety: Effects on tilation psychophysiologisch untersucht. Die Amplitude der Lidschlag- the N2pc component. reaktion auf einen auditorischen Schreckreiz, ein direkter Indikator defensiver Netzwerkaktivierung, wurde während der standardisierten Mario Reutter (1), Johannes Hewig (1), Klaus-Peter Lesch (2), Matthias Symptomprovokation sowie einer nicht bedrohlichen Kontrollbedin- Wieser (1,3), Roman Osinsky (1,4) gung (normale Atmung) erfasst. Zum ersten Messzeitpunkt waren 1: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany; 2: University beide Patientengruppen durch eine vergleichbare Potenzierung der Hospital Würzburg, Germany; 3: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Nether- Lidschlagreaktion nach Hyperventilation im Gegensatz zu nach lands; 4: University of Osnabrück, Germany normaler Atmung gekennzeichnet. Die Interventionsgruppe, nicht Attentional bias toward threat may have a causal influence on the jedoch die Wartelistenkontrollgruppe, zeigte bei Wiederholung der emergence and persistence of anxiety because its modification is Messung nach der Therapie bzw. einer vergleichbar langen Wartezeit accompanied by concurrent changes in symptomatology (Mogoaşe, eine deutlich reduzierte Potenzierung der Lidschlagreaktion. Die David, & Koster, 2014). Attentional Bias Modification Training (ABMT) Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass erfolgreiche Psychotherapie bei might therefore be a promising tool to efficiently enhance existing Panikstörung mit einer Abnahme der Hyperreagibilität defensiver treatment effects (Bar-Haim, 2010) and even serve as a preventative Netzwerke einhergeht. measure by reducing vulnerability to anxiety (See, MacLeod, & Bridle, 2009).

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However, it is still unknown what kind of changes ABMT initiates FR 33 inside the brain. We conducted a randomized control trial with a large Changes of empathic responding after insular and sub- sample of socially anxious participants and measured changes in the insular damage N2pc component pre, post, and 11 weeks following up the interven- tion consisting of eight sessions of ABMT or placebo procedure. Olga Schröder (1), Marcel Franz (2), Nico Melzer (3), Constanze Mönig We found a decrease in attentional deployment toward angry (3), Wolfgang H.R. Miltner (2), Thomas Straube (1) compared to neutral faces as reflected by the N2pc. This modification, 1: Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Systemneurowissenschaften, however, was not specific for ABMT but also occurred within the Münster; 2: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena; 3: Universtitätsklinikum placebo procedure (a standard Dot Probe Paradigm). Effects on Münster, Münster anxiety symptoms were heterogeneous for different questionnaires Neuroimaging research has highlighted the insular cortex (IC) as a key and divergent from changes in brain activity. structure not only enabling representation of personal emotional The data suggest that changes of attentional bias as indexed by states, but also contributing to the prediction of emotional states in activation inside the primary visual cortex are not specific to atten- others. Although reductions of empathic responses following insular tional modification training but also occur during mere exposition to damage have correspondingly been observed in a few case studies, threatening stimuli (cp. De Voogd et al., 2017). Reliability issues and there is also single-case based evidence for empathic deficits hemispheric differences are discussed. following damage to frontotemporal IC connections rather than the IC FR 32 itself. The present study aimed to elucidate consequences of insular Inter-individual differences in trait anxiety shape BNST- and sub-insular brain damage on empathic responding in a paradigm of high external validity that addressed two distinct components of amygdala coupling during brief threat processing empathy, i.e., emotional and cognitive empathy. Eighteen patients Leonie Brinkmann (1), Christine Buff (1), Katharina Feldker (1), Paula suffering from focal IC damage, 8 patients with damage to sub-insular Neumeister (1), Carina Y. Heitmann (1), Maximilian Bruchmann (1), white-matter compartments and 23 healthy controls were shown 16 Martin J. Herrmann (2), Thomas Straube (1) videos displaying individuals telling a personal life event and asked to 1: Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of continuously rate either their own emotional reaction (emotional Muenster, Germany; 2: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and empathy) or how they perceived the affective state of the story teller Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany (cognitive empathy). Statistical analyses yielded a significant group effect, showing significantly reduced empathic responses in the IC- There is an ongoing debate on whether the amygdala and the bed damaged patients, when related either to patients with sub-insular nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are differentially involved in damage or healthy controls. The effect was not associated with phasic and sustained responses to threat. Recently, it has been cognitive functioning in the IC-damaged group. Moreover, lesion proposed that the role of the BNST is not limited to sustained threat laterality did not affect empathic responding among patients with IC- contexts. Amygdala and BNST seem to work in concert in the pro- damage. Our results strengthen the IC in its role as the central cessing of briefly presented threat-related stimuli. However, this neuroanatomical structure underlying emotional and cognitive assumption has not been tested in human research and it remains empathic processes. unknown in how far inter-individual differences in trait anxiety moderate phasic responses and functional connectivity of amygdala FR 34 and BNST during threat processing. Using event-related functional Reduktion des Stroop-Effektes mit posthypnotischen magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated activation and func- Instruktionen - Replikation und Erweiterung einer EEG- tional connectivity of amygdala and BNST, as well as modulating Studie effects of trait anxiety, during processing of briefly presented threat- ening relative to neutral pictures in a large sample of 93 healthy Catharina Vonolfen, Jacqueline Meier, Yannick Runge, Ewald Naumann subjects. Both amygdala and BNST activation was increased during Universität Trier, Deutschland presentation of threat relative to neutral pictures. Furthermore, functional connectivity between BNST and amygdala was found to be Mithilfe posthypnotischer Suggestionen kann eine Reduktion des positively associated with trait anxiety. These findings suggest that Stroop-Effektes erzielt werden. Der vorliegenden Studie lag die amygdala and BNST form a functional unit during phasic threat Intention zugrunde diese Ergebnisse zu replizieren und zu erweitern. processing and that their functional connectivity is shaped by inter- 24 Probanden, die das gesamte Spektrum der Suggestibilität abdeck- individual differences in trait anxiety. ten (erfasst durch Harvard Group Scale & Stanford Hypnotic Suscep- tability Scale), absolvieren drei Stroop-Tasks mit 144 Reizen (48 konsistente, 48 inkonsistente und 48 neutrale Stimuli). Im Anschluss an den ersten Stroop erhielten die Probanden eine standardisierte hypnotische Induktion, gefolgt von einer neutralen Leertrance. Darauf schloss sich die Suggestion an, die Teilnehmer seien nicht mehr in der

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Lage, die Semantik der Stroop-Stimuli verarbeiten zu können (‚Kau- FR 36 dawelsch‘). Eine Hälfte der Probanden absolvierte den zweiten Stroop Endocrine modulation of value representations in mesocor- innerhalb der Hypnose, wohingegen die andere Hälfte den Stroop im ticolimbic circuits following short-term fasting Anschluss an eine Auflösung der Hypnose bearbeitete (posthypno- tisch). Alle Probanden absolvierten den dritten Stroop außerhalb des Julia Rihm (1,2), Heidrun Schultz (3,2), Luca Bruder (1), Leonhard hypnotischen Zustandes. Das EEG wurde anhand von 61 Elektroden Schilbach (4), Jan Peters (1,2) abgeleitet. Reaktionszeiten der korrekten Trials und N1, P2 und P3 1: Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 2: Amplituden sowie anterior-posteriore Kohärenzen wurden betrachtet. Institute of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg Obwohl subjektiv berichtet wurde, dass die Hypnose induziert werden Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 3: School of Psychology, University of konnte und der Stroop-Effekt in allen drei Durchgängen vorhanden Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; 4: Max Planck Institute of war, wurde kein Einfluss der Suggestibilität oder Suggestion (hypno- Psychiatry, Munich, Germany tisch oder posthypnotisch) auf RT-Messungen oder auf N1, P2 und P3 Dopaminergic neurons in the SN/VTA are activated in response to beobachtet. Indes gab es signifikante Interaktionen mit der Suggesti- reward-predicting cues. SN/VTA neurons also express growth bilität in anterior-posterioren Kohärenzen während des Stroop-Tasks. hormone secretagogue receptors for the stomach-derived orexigenic FR 35 hormone ghrelin. Subjective reward values during value-based Influences of Stimulus Salience on Visual Mismatch Nega- decisions are represented in the vmPFC and the OFC. After short- term fasting of 4 hours, subjective values of snack foods correlate tivity in a Roving Oddball Paradigm with vmPFC activity. However, it is unclear if this correlation between Insa Schloßmacher, Maximilian Bruchmann, Thomas Straube neural activity and subjective values after short-term fasting is Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of influenced by homeostatic hormones such as ghrelin. We investigated Münster whether brain activity in mesolimbic and medial frontal regions in response to visual food cues is modulated by plasma ghrelin levels. While the existence of the visual counterpart of the auditory mis- Therefore, we took blood samples from 32 lean, healthy participants match negativity has been established in the last decades, several immediately before they underwent an fMRI food decision making open questions concerning modulatory influences on visual mismatch task in a sated state or after short-term fasting of 8 hours in a negativity (vMMN) still remain a topic of ongoing debate. In particular randomized, within-subject design. We found that plasma levels of the influence of stimulus salience on vMMN has not yet been investi- ghrelin as well as subjective hunger ratings were significantly in- gated systematically. From a methodological perspective the often creased in the fasted compared with the sated condition. Functional used standard oddball paradigm has been criticized as it confounds MRI revealed that subjective value representations for snack foods in stimulus frequency with low level stimulus features if not otherwise the SN/VTA and the mOFC were correlated with the intraindividual controlled. In this study we tested 22 subjects with a roving oddball increase in ghrelin levels between the sated and the fasted condition. paradigm while manipulating stimulus salience. In this paradigm the These findings demonstrate that reward in responses to food cues is first stimulus in a sequence is considered the deviant which – after influenced by homeostatic hormone levels, highlighting the close link several repetitions, e.g. the fifth one – turns into the standard. This is between reward circuits and homeostatic circuits. Furthermore, our advantageous in such that deviant and standard share the same results could help to understand dysfunctional reward processing in physical properties and do not differ in overall frequency. We present- people suffering from homeostatic dysregulation due to obesity. ed stimulus sequences of three different geometrical figures made from line segments, while the subjects solved an attention demand- FR 37 ing color-discrimination task. Salience was manipulated by varying the Alcohol consumption, value-based decision making and length of the lines. ERP amplitudes were clearly modulated by behavioral control in young adult social drinkers salience, while no effect on the vMMN could be observed. Inde- pendently of salience, a negative difference between deviant and Stephan Nebe (1), Nadine Bernhardt (1), Miriam Sebold (2), Sören standard stimulus was observed at posterior electrodes 150 to 200 Kuitunen-Paul (1), Nils B. Kroemer (1,3), Andreas Heinz (2), Michael N. ms after stimulus onset. In this study we could thus demonstrate the Smolka (1) viability of the roving oddball paradigm for the elicitation of vMMN. 1: Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; 2: Charité – Universitätsme- However, the influence of stimulus salience on automatic deviance dizin Berlin, Germany; 3: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany detection remained unresolved. An imbalance in behavioral control favoring model-free habitual over model-based goal-directed strategies has been associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Furthermore, AUD patients show altered choice tendencies in value-based decision making. We investigated whether these alterations might precede the develop- ment of AUDs. Therefore, we examined the association of alcohol

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consumption with (1) model-based goal-directed and model-free FR 39 habitual control in in a two-step sequential decision-making task First steps towards using functional near-infrared spectros- while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, and copy (fNIRS) recordings of mental arithmetic for the detec- behavioral parameters of (2) delay discounting, probability discounting tion of residual cognitive activity in patients with disorders for (3) gains and (4) losses, and (5) loss aversion in 198 eighteen- year-old social drinkers. Additionally, we assessed participants‖ of consciousness (DOC) drinking behavior twelve months after baseline. There were no Eva-Maria Kurz (1,2,3), Guilherme Wood (3), Walter Schippinger (4), convincing associations of alcohol consumption with behavioral Gerald Pichler (4), Gernot Müller-Putz (1), Günther Bauernfeind (1,5,6) control strategies and value-based decision making on a cross- 1: Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, sectional or longitudinal level. We could replicate fMRI findings of Austria; 2: Paediatric and Juvenile Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universi- correlates of habitual and goal-directed control in ventral striatum ty Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; 3: Institute of Psychology, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but they were not correlated with University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 4: Department of Neurology, Apallic Care alcohol drinking behavior. While the ongoing follow-up assessments Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Graz, Austria; 5: Department of Otolaryn- over the next years might reveal associations on a greater time scale gology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 6: Cluster of or with more pronounced patterns of risky drinking, current findings Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany do not speak for a role of these constructs as valuable predictors of non-pathological alcohol consumption per se. Besides EEG and fMRI, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has recently been proposed as a promising approach for awareness FR 38 detection, and as a possible method to establish basic communication Rapid modulation of sensory distractor processing induced in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Using fNIRS, the by response conflict present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of auditory present- ed mental arithmetic tasks in this respect. The auditory pathway was Bernhard Pastötter, Thorsten A. Brinkmann, Christian Frings chosen as it is usually one of the last remaining input channels in DOC Universität Trier, Deutschland patients. At first, we investigated the applicability of active attention Understanding the neural processes that maintain goal-directed to serial subtractions for awareness detection in a group of healthy behaviour is a major challenge for the study of selective attention and controls (HC), by comparing the measured patterns to patterns cognitive control. Much of the previous work on the issue has focused induced by self-performance of the same task. Furthermore, we on prefrontal and parietal brain areas that are believed to be respon- examined the suitability of ignoring the given task as an additional sible for the identification of response conflict and the regulation of control signal to implement a two class (attend vs. ignore) Brain- cognitive control. However, little is known about the dynamics of Computer-Interface (BCI) paradigm. Finally, we compared our findings sensory and attentional brain processes induced by response conflict. in HC with recordings in two DOC patients. Results of the HC revealed An EEG study is reported that examined brain oscillatory activities no differences between the self-performance and the attention invoked in the processing of response conflict, focusing on the effects condition, making the attention task suitable for awareness detection. of response conflict on the sensory processing of irrelevant distractor However, there was no general difference between the ignore and the information. A lateralized single flanker task was used in which target attend condition, making the tasks less suitable for BCI control. letters were presented in the centre of the screen and single distrac- Unexpectedly, we further did not find consistent correlation between tor letters were presented either left or right to the targets. Distrac- the patient data and the HC group. Nevertheless, the inspection of tors could be response compatible or response incompatible with the single runs of the patient recordings revealed task-synchronous responses to the targets. Behavioural results showed that responses patterns pointing towards an, at least partly, active participation to to targets in response-incompatible trials were slower and more error the tasks. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to explore prone than in response-compatible and neutral trials. Physiological these findings, and its applicability for awareness detection in more results revealed an early effect in lateralized theta power over detail. occipital electrodes with stronger lateralization in response- FR 40 incompatible trials than in response-compatible and neutral trials. The Mit einem bitteren Nachgeschmack – Veränderte Verarbei- occipital lateralization effect preceded in time the dominant main effect of response conflict over mid-frontal electrodes, as indicated by tung von Nahrungsmittelbildern bei bitterem Geschmack induced theta power increase. The findings indicate that attentional bei der Binge-Eating Störung distraction may be the key initial trigger for the temporal cascade of Daniela Schwab, Wilfried Scharmüller, Anne Schienle processes by which the human brain responds to and regulates Universität Graz, Österreich response conflict. Ein bitterer Geschmack, der ein Hinweisreiz auf potentiell Giftiges oder Verdorbenes ist, reduziert den Belohnungscharakter von

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Nahrungsmittelreizen bzw. stellt ein Stopp-Signal dar Nahrung zu tioned reward paradigm, we found that individuals prone to both verzehren. Auf elektrokortikaler Ebene spiegelt sich dies in einer alcohol dependence and depression showed decreased activation in reduzierten frontalen späten Positivierung wieder, wie eine vorange- the dorsal striatum in addition to decreased functional connectivity gangene Studie zeigte. In der aktuellen EEG-Studie wurde nun between the striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. While the untersucht, wie die Verarbeitung von Nahrungsmittelreizen unter frontostriatal connectivity results replicate the common pattern found Einfluss desselben bitteren Nachgeschmacks bei Frauen mit Binge- for the patient groups, the activation results indicate a more depres- Eating Störung (BED, n=36) im Vergleich zu gesunden Frauen (n=38) sion-related pattern in individuals prone to both disorders. In conclu- verläuft. Die Teilnehmerinnen kosteten entweder einen bitteren Tee, sion, aberrant frontostriatal connectivity might be a promising der einen andauernden bitteren Nachgeschmack hervorrief, oder transdiagnostic neurobiological marker for depression, alcohol Wasser und beurteilten wie bitter und ekelig der Geschmack empfun- dependence and their comorbidity. den wurde. Im Anschluss betrachteten und bewerteten sie Nah- rungsmittelbilder, während das EEG aufgezeichnet wurde. Obwohl FR 42 sich die beiden Gruppen weder in der Bewertung der Flüssigkeiten Memoria ex Machina: Real memory from virtual reality – An selbst, noch in der Beurteilung der Nahrungsmittelbilder (Valenz, EEG study Arousal, Appetit) unterschieden, zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in Benjamin Schöne, Marlene Wessels, Thomas Gruber der elektrokortikalen Reaktion auf die Bilder: Frauen mit BED zeigten eine erhöhte späte Positivierung lokalisiert im medialen präfrontalen Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland Kortex auf Nahrungsmittelreize, im Besonderen unter Einfluss eines "‘Real-life’ autobiographical memory is characterized by self- bitteren Nachgeschmacks. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass bei involvement and rich associative mnemonic networks. Concerns have Frauen mit BED ein bitterer Geschmack kein Stopp-Signal darzustel- been raised that conventional ‘laboratory memory’ differs from these len scheint, was wiederum die Entwicklung bzw. Aufrechterhaltung vivid experiences. We addressed these concerns by comparing von Überessen bei der BED beeinflussen könnte. retrieval-related EEG-indices of both forms of memory. Furthermore, we aimed at bridging the gap between both types of remembrance by FR 41 adding a virtual reality (VR) encoding condition. Participants took Frontostriatal Connectivity: A Transdiagnostic Mechanism either part in a (a) real car drive, were confronted with a (b) 360° VR, cutting across Depression and Alcohol Dependence? or (c) a 2D video of the same ride. An unannounced recognition memory task followed 48 hours after encoding. Alena Becker (1), Martin Fungisai Gerchen (1), Martina Kirsch (1), ERPs revealed that the retrieval of real-life and VR experiences is Bettina Ubl (1), Sivaniya Subramaniapillai (2), Carsten Diener (3), Falk processed similarly, whereas both differ from the retrieval of conven- Kiefer (1), Christine Kuehner (1), Herta Flor (1), Peter Kirsch (1) tional laboratory-events. Within the 2D condition, we replicated a 1: Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland; 2: McGill Universi- central N400 memory-related effect (hit vs. miss). Remarkably, no ty, Canada; 3: SRH Hochschule Heidelberg, Deutschland such effect was observed within the real or the VR condition. Howev- Dimensional models in clinical neuroscience acknowledge the high er, these conditions elicited comparable differences at frontal elec- comorbidity of mental disorders and propose to study shared trodes in the same latency when comparing the ERPs to old and new neurobiological markers across diagnostic categories. Reward items. processing is among the most promising neurobiological risk mecha- Our study provides evidence that the central N400 effect only occurs nisms in depression and alcohol dependence. To elucidate differences under laboratory conditions. It might be a result of shallow, familiari- and similarities in neural reward processing between both disorders, ty-related processes and reflect real-life cognition only to a limited we investigated 20 alcohol dependent patients, 20 depressed extent. patients and 20 healthy controls by means of a functional magnetic Conversely, the higher degree of self-involvement in the real and the resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward paradigm. In comparison VR condition allowed for an autobiographical decision. The similarity to depressed and healthy individuals, alcohol dependent patients between these two conditions makes VR a promising tool for future showed increased activation of the ventral striatum during the studies with enhanced ecological validity. anticipation of reward. In contrast, both patient groups showed reduced frontostriatal connectivity compared to healthy controls. However, there is a high comorbidity between alcohol dependence and depression, challenging the idea of opposite mechanisms. To elucidate neural reward processing mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of alcohol dependence and depression, we further conducted a pilot study comparing at-risk individuals prone to alcohol dependence and depression (N=15) with individuals prone to depres- sion only (N=16) and healthy controls (N=17). Using the aforemen-

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FR 43 acquisition also leads to an intrinsic functional reorganization of The role of dopamine in the exploration/exploitation trade- neural circuits. Here, we used resting-state fMRI as a measure of spontaneous off neuronal activity to capture the neuroplastic impact of reading Karima Chakroun (1), Antonius Wiehler (1), Florian Ganzer (2), Jan acquisition. In a longitudinal study, we taught 21 illiterate Hindi- Peters (3) speaking adults for 6 months how to read Devanagari script. Behav- 1: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center ioral and fMRI data were compared to a sample of 9 Hindi-speaking Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; 2: German Center for Addiction Research illiterates (matched for age, gender, intelligence and socioeconomic in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg- status) that did not undergo such instruction. Participants were Eppendorf, Germany; 3: Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, recruited from the same village in a rural area of Northern India. University of Cologne, Germany Network centrality of BOLD signals significantly increased with training in bilateral pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus and the right Decision-making in a dynamic environment often involves choosing superior colliculus of the brainstem (group-time interaction: t=4.17, p between exploiting well-known options (e.g. your favourite ice cream) < 0.005, corrected for cluster size). Moreover, BOLD time courses of and exploring novel options (e.g. a new type of ice cream on the these subcortical structures were significantly more strongly coupled market). Dopamine, a neurotransmitter closely associated with with areas V1-V4 of the right occipital cortex (group-time interaction: reward-seeking behaviour, is thought to play an important role in t=4.45, p < 0.005, corrected for cluster size). Individual gains in regulating this trade-off between exploitation and exploration. intrinsic functional connectivity turned out to be significantly associ- To study the role of dopamine in exploration and exploitation, we ated with individual gains in letter identification (r = 0.40, p = 0.014) assessed choices and associated brain activity using fMRI in 31 male and word reading skills (r = 0.38, p = 0.018). participants during a 4-arm bandit task under three drug conditions: These findings (published in the journal Science Advances) crucially (1) increased dopamine levels via L-dopa (150mg), (2) decreased complement current neural concepts of reading by suggesting that dopamine levels via haloperidol (2mg), and (3) placebo. Subjects literacy reshapes early visual computation centers upstream from the repeatedly chose between four options (‘bandits’) with fluctuating primary visual cortex. reward values. Maximizing pay-offs entails a trade-off between exploiting the currently best option and exploring alternative options. Choice data were analysed using hierarchical Bayesian cognitive modeling in order to quantify explore/exploit behaviour and apply these results to a model-based fMRI-analysis. POSTERSESSION FREITAG Results show that choice behaviour is best accounted for by a model (POSTERNUMMERN 45 – 88) that combines a Bayesian learner (Kalman filter model) with a softmax choice rule including an explicit ‘exploration bonus’ that scales with the estimated uncertainty of a bandit‖s outcome. More FR 45 importantly, exploration bonus was the only model parameter Social conditioning: Involvement of the amygdala independ- sensitive to the drug manipulation, with attenuated exploration in L- ent of stimulus valence dopa vs. placebo. Our data provide evidence for a causal role of Bettina Gathmann (1), Maximilian Bruchmann (1), Marie Roth (1), dopamine neurotransmission in the regulation of the explora- Maimu Rehbein (2), Constantin Winker (2), Thomas Straube (1) tion/exploitation trade-off. 1: Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Systemneurowissenschaften, FR 44 Universität Münster, Deutschland; 2: Institut für Biomagnetismus und Learning to read alters cortico-subcortical crosstalk in the Biosignalanalyse, Universität Münster visual system of illiterates The current fMRI study investigated behavioral and neural correlates of social conditioning and whether the learned association might be Michael Skeide (1), Uttam Kumar (2), Ramesh Mishra (3), Viveka transferred to ambiguous stimuli. For this purpose, participants were Tripathi (4), Anupam Guleria (2), Jay Singh (4), Frank Eisner (5), Falk presented with a cover story of a job interview in which they learned Huettig (5,6) which member of the panel talks positively (positive CS+) about the 1: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; 2: Centre applicant and which person talks negatively (negative CS+) about the for Biomedical Research Lucknow; 3: University of Hyderabad; 4: Universi- applicant after the job interview. Moreover, they learned that two ty of Allahabad; 5: Donders Institute, Radboud University; 6: Max Planck other members of the panel were rather neutral (two CS-) and not Institute for Psycholinguistics involved in this discussion. After this learning phase participants saw Learning to read requires instruction over years. Yet, hemodynamic faces of these persons as well as ambiguous faces (morphed faces) brain activity induced by perceiving print changes after a few weeks of which were not presented in the learning phase. Rating data demon- training letter-sound links. It remains elusive, however, if reading strate that the conditioning was successful. Imaging data demon-

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strate an increased activity in the amygdala to conditioned stimuli spatial attention, both in visual perception and WM. Using event- (negative as well as positive CS+) compared to unconditioned (CS-) related potentials (ERPs) recorded in young, healthy adults, we and ambiguous stimuli. This finding suggests that the amygdala is contrasted the neural mechanisms related to attending a target involved in processing emotional relevance independently of stimulus‖ within perceptual sound arrays (pre-cue trials) and auditory WM valence. representations (retro-cue trials). Furthermore, both sound array size (two vs. four items) and task demands (localization vs. detection FR 46 within the sound array) were varied across experimental blocks. First Cathodal tDCS and familiarity abolish the face perception results suggest considerable differences in electrophysiological bias measures of selective attention in auditory WM and perception: An examination of difference waveforms across contralateral and Katja Weibert, Veronika Maria Müller, Jessica Sänger ipsilateral anterior electrode sites revealed a greater negativity Heinrich Heine Universität, Deutschland contralateral to the target sound about 200 ms post-stimulus (i.e. Faces are perceived in a biased way. The left image half dominates N2ac), indicating spatially selective focusing within an auditory the face perception. Since the left image half is processed in the right perceptual scene. The latter was irrespective of task demands and hemisphere, this bias has been suggested to reflect enhanced right- array size. However, no such ERP component could be observed in hemispheric processing during face perception. We asked whether retro-cue trials. In addition, central electrode sites revealed a load- this face perception bias indeed arises from stronger activation of the dependent, auditory N3 component emerging approximately 350 ms right compared to the left hemisphere. To address this question, we post-stimulus. The component was previously shown to be associat- performed two experiments. First, we tried to decrease the face ed with retroactively searching through visual WM representations perception bias by reducing right-hemispheric face processing. To do (i.e. N3rs). To conclude, the present study extends our understanding so, we used cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), of how auditory representations can be flexibly accessed through top- which has been reported to inhibit neural processing. Participants‖ down attentional processes and provides insights into the underlying face perception was measured before and after cathodal tDCS to the neural mechanisms. right hemisphere. Cathodal tDCS affected face perception: the face perception bias towards the left image half decreased. This decrease FR 48 was not observed in a control group, which received sham stimula- tion. Next, we tried to decrease the face perception bias by enhancing The Verbal Interaction Stress Task: a new paradigm imple- left-hemispheric processing during face perception. To do so, we used menting verbal, interactive and social components for familiar faces, which have been reported to activate the left hemi- investigating the effects of social rejection on psychosocial sphere stronger than unfamiliar faces. Participants‖ perception was stress. measured twice: once for familiar and once for unfamiliar faces. We found that familiar faces were processed differently than unfamiliar Sanne Tops (1), Ute Habel (1,2), Birgit Derntl (3), Sina Radke (1,2) faces: Familiarity decreased the face perception bias towards the left 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical image half. Combined, our results suggest that the face perception Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany; 2: Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) bias seems to reflect enhanced face processing within the right - BRAIN Institute I, Jülich/Aachen, Germany; 3: Department of Psychiatry hemisphere. However, this lateralised processing can be reduced by and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany inhibiting the dominant hemisphere or by engaging the non-dominant In recent years, digital communication and social media have taken an hemisphere. indispensable role in human society. Social interactions are no longer bound to real-life encounters, but more often happen from behind a FR 47 screen. In this behavioral study we developed and validated a new, Electrophysiological correlates of attentional selection MRI compatible, social stress paradigm in which we mimicked an within auditory working memory and perception online communication platform. During the Verbal Interaction Stress Laura-Isabelle Klatt, Stephan Getzmann, Daniel Schneider, Edmund Task (VISTA) participants initiate 30 short conversations by selecting Wascher one of the four predefined opening sentences. Two computerized interlocutors respond to the opening sentence with mostly negative Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, comments and rejections towards the participant. This approach Deutschland induces feelings of social rejection and thereby social stress in the Previous research has shown that we can selectively attend to participants. The stress response is measured during and after the representations held in auditory working memory (WM). However, the social stressor in 30 male and female first year students. Validation neural underpinnings of retroactive auditory spatial attention remain took place via multiple cortisol assays acquired via saliva samples, largely unknown. From the visual domain, we know that there is a heart rate measurements and questionnaires for subjective measures substantial overlap in electrophysiological measures of selective of stress. We hypothesized that the VISTA leads to elevated release of

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cortisol, an increase in heart rate as well as increased level of experi- FR 50 enced stress and that these effects are larger in women than in men. Angst und körperliche Reaktionen bei wiederholtem Ab- During the VISTA heart rate was increased and positive mood bruch der Provokation ansteigender Atemnot decreased over time for both genders. Cortisol assays are currently assessed in the laboratory. With a realistic implementation of verbal, Christoph Benke, Elischa Krause, Alfons Hamm, Christiane Pane-Farre interactive and social components, the MRI compatible VISTA will fill Universität Greifswald, Deutschland an open niche in social stress research. Flucht- und Vermeidungsverhalten sind Kernsymptome und zentrale FR 49 Aufrechterhaltungsfaktoren von Angsterkrankungen. Entgegen der Real-time fMRI neurofeedback training in over- einflussreichen Zwei-Faktoren-Theorie sprechen experimentelle Tierstudien für eine hohe Löschungsresistenz von Vermeidungsver- weight/obese subjects to enhance the activity of brain halten ohne Anzeichen dafür, dass Angst oder Furcht dieses Verhalten regions that control eating behavior motiviert. Allerdings fehlt es im Humanbereich an Studien, die die Simon Huldreich Kohl (1,2), Ralf Veit (1,3), Maartje S. Spetter (1,4), Entwicklung des Vermeidungsverhaltens genauer beschreiben. Der Rahim Malekshahi (1), Niels Birbaumer (1), Hubert Preissl (1,3), Verlauf der Entwicklung von Vermeidungsverhalten sowie begleitende Manfred Hallschmid (1,3) physiologische und subjektive Reaktionen konnte bei 24 gesunden Probanden untersucht werden, welche die wiederholte Provokation 1: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University ansteigender Atemnot wiederholt vorzeitig abbrachen. Ansteigende of Tübingen, Germany; 2: Department of Psychology, Technical University Atemnot wurde mit Hilfe inspiratorischer Atemwiderstände sowie Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 3: Institute for Diabetes Research and einer kurzen Blockade der Einatmung erzeugt. Zeitintervalle wieder- Metabolic Diseases; DZD, University of Tübingen, Germany; 4: School of holter Abbrüche wurden für die Analysen mit Kontrollsequenzen einer Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom nach Trait-Ängstlichkeit und Geschlecht parallelisierten Kontrollgrup- Overweight is associated with altered responses to food stimuli of pe (N=24) verglichen, welche die Provokationsübungen nicht vorzeitig prefrontal brain networks that mediate inhibitory control over beendeten. Vor dem ersten vorzeitigen Abbruch wurde ein deutlicher ingestive behavior. In particular, activation of the dorsolateral prefron- Anstieg subjektiver Angst und autonomer Erregung sowie eine tal cortex (dlPFC) plays an important role in the (self-)control of eating Reduktion der Amplituden der Lidschlagreaktion und der P3 Kompo- and is related to the success of dietary weight-loss interventions. nente des ereigniskorrelierten Potentials auf einen Schreckreiz Real-time (rt) fMRI neurofeedback training is an effective means to beobachtet. Bei sich anschließenden wiederholten Abbrüchen erhöhte gain volitional control of brain activity and has been shown to induce sich das allgemeine Angstniveau, jedoch konnte kein Anstieg autono- beneficial effects in disorders such as alcohol dependence. We mer Erregung und keine Reduktion der Amplituden der Lidschlagreak- investigated the feasibility of rt-fMRI neurofeedback training to tion und der ereigniskorrelierten Potentiale auf einen Schreckreiz improve self-regulation of the dlPFC in nine overweight/obese festgestellt werden. Probanden beendeten die Provokationsübungen subjects (BMI, 25.4-37.8 kg/m²; age, 27-60 years; 3 men) who zudem bei zunehmend geringerer Intensität der Atemnot. Personen underwent one session comprising three training runs. Eight partici- der parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe zeigten keine Hinweise auf eine pants successfully learned to upregulate dlPFC activity across the Mobilisierung defensiver Reaktion, wenngleich das subjektive three runs. In particular, we observed activation of prefrontal regions Angsterleben mit wiederholter Konfrontation ansteigender Atemnot as well as insula and striatum, i.e., brain regions essential for inhibito- in dieser Gruppe ebenfalls anstieg. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse geben ry control and, respectively, neurofeedback-associated learning. Aufschluss über die mögliche motivationale Basis des Vermeidungs- Moreover, activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex, an area related to verhaltens. Die Implikationen der Befunde sollen im Hinblick auf die impulse control and dietary success, increased across runs. In a Ätiologie und Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen diskutiert werden. follow-up session four weeks later, pictures of high-, but not low- calorie foods were rated less palatable and healthy and chosen less FR 51 frequently than before training. Five subjects showed a reduction in Cognitive flexibility processes and the relevance of the alpha BMI of at least 3%. Our pilot study demonstrates that one session of frequency network – a graph-theoretical analysis rt-fMRI neurofeedback training enables overweight/obese individuals to upregulate dlPFC activity and might favor enhanced self-control Nicolas Zink, Nicole Wolff, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Christian Beste during food choices and weight loss. These promising findings call for KJP University Hospital corroboration and extension in randomized controlled trials. Cognitive flexibility is a major requirement for successful goal- directed behavior in real life situations. The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility are often examined in task switching paradigms. For these processes it is well-known that oscillations in the alpha frequency band are important to consider. However, an unresolved question concerns the network architecture of alpha

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oscillations during such mechanisms involved in task switching. This FR 53 network perspective is important, because executive functions and Pro-aktives und re-aktives Autofahren im Fahrsimulator: mechanisms of cognitive flexibility need to be understood in terms of Gibt es Unterschiede in Verhalten und oszillatorischer dynamics in a network and oscillations in the alpha (and theta) band Hirnaktivität? have been suggested to coordinate top-down control processes and large-scale communication within and between neural networks. Melanie Karthaus, Stephan Getzmann, Edmund Wascher Using graph-theoretical approaches (small-world networks, SWN) we Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Deutsch- show how task alpha networks differ between cognitive flexibility land mechanisms in memory-based and a cue-based task switching. We show that this network perspective considerably differs from insights Hintergrund: Jedes menschliche Verhalten kann eine Antwort auf eine derived by standard analyses of ERPs and alpha power. Opposed to Stimulation von außen (re-aktiv) sein oder aus einem inneren Antrieb ERP and alpha power measures, we show that SWN characteristics heraus (pro-aktiv) erfolgen. Im Falle des Autofahrens können unter- do not differ in switching trials, but in repetition trials. The network schiedliche Fahrstrategien (pro-aktiv vs. re-aktiv) möglicherweise den analysis shows how easy information can be integrated during Unterschied zwischen guten und schlechten Autofahrern ausmachen switching and repetition trials and provide a new venue to understand und das individuelle Unfallrisiko beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility. Studie untersuchten wir Verhaltens- und EEG-Maße beim pro- vs. re- aktiven Autofahren in einem Fahrsimulator. FR 52 Methoden: 16 junge, aktive Autofahrer absolvierten eine Fahraufgabe Global EEG network features modulated by detrimental in einem statischen Fahrsimulator. In der re-aktiven Bedingung fuhren effects of cognitive control die Probanden auf einer geraden zweispurigen Straße, wobei das Auto von einem simulierten Seitenwind von der Ideallinie abgelenkt Nicolas Zink, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Christian Beste wurde und durch Gegenlenken auf der Spur gehalten werden musste. KJP University Hospital In der pro-aktiven Bedingungen fuhren die Probanden auf einer einspurigen Straße mit unterschiedlich scharfen Kurven. Cognitive control is adaptive in the sense that it inhibits automatic Ergebnisse: Erste Ergebnisse zeigen einen Effekt der Aufgaben- processes to optimize goal-directed behavior, but high levels of schwierigkeit und -dauer auf die Spurhaltegenauigkeit, die – unab- control may also have detrimental effects in case they suppress hängig von der Bedingung – mit zunehmender Dauer und Schwierig- beneficial automatisms. Only if task are performed in an automatic keit kleiner wird. Die Lenkvariabilität ist bei re-aktivem Fahren größer fashion, implicit task relevant features can be used to improve und steigt mit zunehmender Aufgabenschwierigkeit an. Sie nimmt im performance, whereas high levels of cognitive control have an Laufe der Zeit ab, während sie bei pro-aktivem Fahren eher ansteigt. adverse effect on performance by hindering the use of implicit Alpha- und Theta-Power im EEG werden dagegen in beiden Aufgaben taskrelevant information. mit zunehmender Dauer größer und mit zunehmender Aufgaben- To get more insights about the neurophysiological mechanisms of the schwierigkeit kleiner – ein Effekt, der sich vor allem in der pro-aktiven adverse effects of cognitive control, we used event-related potentials Bedingung zeigt. (ERPs), time-frequency analysis and network analysis. We found the Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit anderen automatic exploitation of implicit predictive features under conditions Befunden zum pro-aktiven vs. re-aktivem (Fahr-)Verhalten und of low cognitive control demands to have a beneficial effect on assoziierten EEG-Maßen diskutiert. performance and an adverse effect on performance in case of high cognitive control demands. FR 54 Bottom-up perceptual and attentional selection processes are not Visual attention to emotional faces is affected by vocaliza- modulated by this effect, whereas the P3 amplitudes and the small tions in social anxiety world features of the EEG networks in the theta band (4-8Hz) predict the detrimental effects of cognitive control on performance. Antje BM Gerdes, Elisa Berdica, Silvia Arcq, Georg W. Alpers In addition, we were able to show that functional small worldness, as Universität Mannheim, Deutschland a measure of EEG network synchronization and maintenance of oscillatory brain activity, provides a powerful tool for EEG analysis to Emotional faces are often accompanied by vocalizations, e.g. happy get insights about global features of brain networks in different faces come along with sounds of laughing. Such social stimuli are experimental conditions and may be related to maintenance and particularly relevant for individuals with social anxiety. However, the retrieval of tasks sets. influence of emotional vocalizations on visual attention to emotional faces and the role of social anxiety have hardly been investigated so far. Therefore, in the present study, we presented pictures of happy and angry faces in combination with emotionally congruent, incongru- ent or no vocalizations to high (HAS; n = 20) and low socially anxious participants (LSA; n= 20) while recording eye movements. Preliminary

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results show that enhanced visual attention is directed towards FR 56 emotional congruent (angry face - angry voice/happy face - happy Modulation of aggression by prefrontal transcranial direct voice) compared to incongruent stimulus combinations by all partici- current stimulation in healthy participants pants. Moreover, the presentation of angry vocalizations specifically reduces visual attention to all faces in HSA in comparison to LSA. This Carmen Weidler (1,2), Christina Regenbogen (1,2), Lena Hofhansel can be interpreted as an enhanced attentional avoidance of emotional (1,2), Benjamin Clemens (1,2), Michael Nitsche (3), Julie Blendy (4), Ute faces in HAS elicited by angry vocalizations. These data suggest that Habel (1,2) visual attention to emotional faces can be influenced by emotional 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH sounds, and that social anxiety modulates these effects. These University Aachen, Germany; 2: JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH results as well as the importance of multi-modality of social stimuli in Aachen University & Research Centre Jülich, Deutschland; 3: Departments the etiology and maintenance of social anxiety will be discussed. of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Enivornment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; 4: Department of FR 55 Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Effects of pre-extinction stress on extinction of conditioned of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA heart-rate responses in healthy men Previous research reveals the importance of the dorsolateral prefron- Philipp Bierwirth, Martin I. Antov, Ursula Stockhorst tal cortex (DLPFC) for the regulation of emotions. It has been previ- Universität Osnabrück, Institut für Psychologie, Allgemeine Psychologie II ously shown that decreased activity of the DLPFC is associated with und Biologische Psychologie, Deutschland high trait aggression and increased aggressive behavior. Current trends in the literature suggest that transcranial direct current Human fear conditioning studies of the last years predominantly rely stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive technique to modulate cortical on conditioned skin conductance responses (SCRs) and startle as the excitability, increases cognitive control over negative emotions and peripheral measures, while only few studies address conditioned reduces aggressive behavior when applied over the right DLPFC in cardiac responses. On the other hand, these responses provide an healthy individuals. interesting differentiation of response patterns under threat with In a double-blind sham-controlled study, we aim to demonstrate that accelerators (heart rate [HR] increase) vs. decelerators (HR decrease anodal tDCS can be used to beneficially modulate the neural and to the conditioned stimulus [CS+]). By now a) extinction recall of the behavioral correlates of aggression in healthy men. Participants conditioned cardiac response is seldom addressed, and b) experi- perform an aggression paradigm during functional magnetic reso- mental manipulations affecting fear extinction in SCR (e.g., pre- nance imaging (fMRI) before and immediately after receiving a single extinction stress) are not examined with HR. Thus, we examined session of anodal or sham tDCS for 20 minutes over the right DLPFC. cardiac responses in a differential fear conditioning paradigm with 40 We find differences in fronto-limbic activations following anodal healthy men, covering habituation, acquisition, extinction learning stimulation in the second fMRI session compared to the first. Further, (Day 1) and fear extinction recall (Day 2). Further, we used a cold there is a trend toward lower levels of aggression-related behavior in pressor test (CPT) stressor vs. warm-water-control immediately prior participants who receive active stimulation in contrast to the sham to extinction learning [1]. The CPT triggering a reliable first-wave stimulation group. stress response was expected to improve extinction learning and This study will add further knowledge to the neural correlates of the especially extinction recall. Two geometric figures (5 sec) served as regulation of aggressive behavior and the putative beneficial effect of CS+/ CS-, a 2-sec aversive sound (95 db[A]) was the unconditioned anodal tDCS on the modulation of such behavior. stimulus. Previous analyses of SCR-data showed that CPT-stress improved extinction learning (Day 1) and led to better extinction recall FR 57 (Day 2) [1]. Considering the cardiac fear response, accelerators and Achtsamkeitsbasierte Stressbewältigung reduziert stress- decelerators were identified during fear acquisition. Analyses of assoziierte Einflüsse auf die Methylierung des Serotonin- extinction learning and recall in these responder types after CPT (vs. transporter-Gens control), and of correlations between SCRs and cardiac fear responses are in progress and will be presented. Martin Stoffel, Corina Aguilar-Raab, Barbara Steinhilber, Beate Ditzen [1] Antov, M. I., Melicherová, U. & Stockhorst, U. (2015). Psychoneuro- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland endocrinology, 54, 54-59. Einleitung Achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren zur Stressbewältigung sind in klinischen und vorklinischen Settings weit verbreitet, um stressasso- ziierten Störungen und Erkrankungen vorzubeugen oder die Behand- lung ebensolcher zu unterstützen. Inwiefern diese Verfahren auf molekularbiologischer Ebene stressassoziierte Einflüsse auf das Serotonin-System reduzieren können, ist bisher nicht untersucht.

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Methode diesen Zeitpunkten zu assoziieren. Es wurde angenommen, dass die Von N = 75 Studierenden der Medizin nahmen n = 29 an einem Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Wörter zum Zeitpunkt der Ovulation dreimonatigen MBSR-Training (EG) teil, während n = 46 Medizinstu- (Peak Östradiol) sich in einer besonders hohen Positivierung im LPP dierende der Kontrollgruppe (KG) kein solches Training absolvierten. darstellen würde. Unmittelbar nach dem Training fand in beiden Gruppen ein stressbe- Methode: 19 jungen Frauen (ohne hormonelle Kontrazeptiva) wurde lastetes Lebensereignis, eine zentrale Prüfung im Studium, statt. zu drei Messzeitpunkten (jeweils während der Follikular-, Ovulations- Jeweils vor und nach dem Training wurde die Methylierung des und Lutealphase) ein Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) abgeleitet, Serotonintransporter-Gens (SLC6A4) in einem promoter-assoziierten während sie ein Stroop-Paradigma mit erotischen Wörtern bearbeite- Bereich mit 41 CpGs untersucht. ten. Zu allen drei Zeitpunkten wurde Progesteron- und Östradiol im Ergebnisse Speichel gemessen. Die Analysen mit Mehrebenen-Modellen ergaben, dass die Trait- Ergebnisse: die Ergebnisse deuten auf einen Zusammenhang zwi- Achtsamkeit in der EG signifikant anstieg, während sie in der KG sank schen der Östradiolkonzentration und der Ansprechbarkeit auf (ß = 2.31, p < 0.03). Die mittlere Methylierung (Box-Cox- erotische Wörter zum Zeitpunkt der Ovulation hin und werden im transformiert) sank in der KG signifikant, blieb in der EG jedoch nahezu Hinblick auf weitere Implikationen diskutiert. unverändert (ß = 0.0015, p < 0.00) und zeigte positive Assoziationen mit Trait-Achtsamkeit (ß = 0.0004054, p = 0.0463). Diskussion FR 59 Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte Stressbewältigung THE ROLE OF FEAR OF PAIN IN THE NPU THREAT PARA- einer stressassoziierten Abnahme der Methylierung von SLC6A4 DIGM vorbeugen kann. Ferner zeigte sich, dass Trait-Achtsamkeit, die durch Silvia Metzger, Bogomil Poliakov, Stefan Lautenbacher das Training erhöht wurde, positiv mit der Methylierung von SLC6A4 assoziiert war. Da eine erhöhte Methylierung im untersuchten Bereich Universität Bamberg, Deutschland mit einer geringeren Expression von SLC6A4 verbunden ist, kann Background: State and trait anxiety and fear influence pain. Especially vermutet werden, dass die folglich verminderte Verfügbarkeit des fear of pain as a personality trait (interpretation of pain-related stimuli Serotonintransporters zu einer reduzierten Wiederaufnahme von as a threat), increases pain perception. Serotonin aus dem synaptischen Spalt und damit zu einer erhöhten Aims: We investigated the influence of fear of pain on pain perception Verfügbarkeit von Serotonin führt. in dependence of both, state anxiety and fear. Methods: We used the NPU Paradigm, which assesses fear and anxiety by administering aversive stimuli in three conditions: predicta- FR 58 ble (P; shocks only in presence of visual cue), unpredictable (U; shocks Beeinflussen zyklusabhängige hormonelle Schwankungen possible at any time) and no shock (N; control condition). 40 healthy bei Frauen die Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Reize in subjects participated in our study. ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen? Pain perception (intensity and painfulness), anxiety and fear were rated. Startle reflex was measured to identify emotional reactions. Aisha Munk, Aaron Zöller, Phillip Grant, Jürgen Hennig Fear of pain questionnaire (FPQ) was assessed and median split was Universität Gießen, Deutschland calculated to compare subjects with high and low fear of pain. Hintergrund: Vielfach wurde gezeigt, dass Frauen zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Results: Main results revealed that when shocks were unpredictable Ovulation stärker auf erotische Reize reagieren. Des Weiteren subjects with high fear of pain rated the intensity of electric stimuli ergaben sich Zusammenhänge zwischen Östradiol- und Progesteron- higher than subjects with low fear of pain. In addition, they were more konzentrationen mit der Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Reize. fearful of shocks, showed more anxiety and had enhanced startle Bisherige Studien bezüglich einer durch zyklusabhängige Hormone magnitudes in most conditions. modulierten Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Reize beschäftigten sich Conclusion: Results suggest that fear of pain generally influences hauptsächlich mit der Verhaltensebene. Ziel vorliegender Studie war responses to painful stimuli (startle magnitude, anxiety, fear, pain es, eine unterschiedliche Ansprechbarkeit auch auf neuraler Ebene, im perception), irrespectively of state anxiety and fear. Only perceived ereigniskorrelierten Potential (EKP) zu untersuchen. Als besonders intensity of electric shocks was higher when they were unpredictable. relevant im Hinblick auf die Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Reize ist Implications: Further studies should clarify the interplay between fear das Late Positive Potential (LPP), eine langsame, späte Komponente, of pain, anxiety and fear as well as their effects on behavioral and die mit motivationalen Aspekten der Reagibilität auf verschiedene emotional measures in experimental pain testing. Reize assoziiert ist. Ziel der Studie war es, Unterschiede in der Ansprechbarkeit auf erotische Wörter während verschiedener Zyklusphasen zu untersu- chen und diese mit Östradiol- und Progesteronkonzentrationen zu

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FR 60 or redundant sensory information on response inhibition processes The socially evaluated handgrip test: Validation of a novel triggered by visual stimuli in a group of adolescent ADHD patients (n= 21) and healthy controls (n= 21), combining high-density event- time-efficient, feasible laboratory stressor related potential (ERP) recordings with source localization analyses. In Johannes B. Finke, Grit Kalinowski, Hartmut Schächinger comparison to controls, RI processes in ADHD were compromised in Universität Trier, Deutschland conflicting conditions, but showed no differential modulations compared to controls when redundant auditory information was Most widely-used stress-induction procedures (such as the TSST and presented. These effects were reflected by modulations at the the Cold Pressor Test) require considerable effort and overhead in response selection stage (P3 ERP) in the medial frontal cortex, but not terms of preparation, logistics, and staff recruitment. Moreover, while at the attentional selection (P1 and N1 ERPs) or resource allocation known to reliably induce HPA axis activation, especially when com- level (P2 ERP). Multisensory information modulates RI processes in bined with social self-threat, most conventional laboratory stressors ADHD but not via attentional selection by via response selection cannot be flexibly adapted to elicit either a mainly autonomic or an mechanisms. It is not the mere presence of concurrent, auditory additional endocrine stress response. Being a promising alternative information, but the content of information that is important to approach, a new version of the isometric handgrip test enriched by a consider. The content of concurrent information can destabilize goal- social-evaluative component was validated in the present study. shielding processes in medial frontal regions in ADHD, if the automa- On two consecutive sessions, forty participants (20 women) per- ticity of a response tendency that competes against the desired goal formed a handgrip task at both 45% (stress) and 10% (control) of (i.e. inhibitory control), is increased by concurrent information and if maximum voluntary isometric contraction lasting for 3 min. During the the content of concurrent information taps into a predisposition of stress test, continuous visual feedback on performance was given. ADHD to engage in impulsive behavior Participants in the social-evaluative condition (50%) were observed and evaluated by a previously unknown person of the opposite sex, FR 62 whereas in the standard condition feedback was provided via a Increased amygdala activity reflects enhanced provoked computer monitor. Cardiovascular measures (heart rate, blood aggression after testosterone administration pressure) as well as additional indices of autonomic reactivity (skin conductance, heart-rate variability) were registered before, during, Lisa Wagels (1), Mikhail Votinov (2,3), Julian Konzok (4), Christian and after stress induction. Moreover, changes in salivary cortisol and Montag (5,6), Benjamin Clemens (1), Ute Habel (1,2) in subjective well-being were assessed. 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Relative to control, significant increases in cardiovascular and Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; 2: Jülich Aachen Research autonomic activity were found, irrespective of experimental group. Alliance (JARA) - BRAIN Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships: Importantly, however, additional social evaluation resulted in elevated Decoding the Human Brain at systemic levels, Forschungszentrum Jülich cortisol levels (also, a trend for higher heart-rate responses during GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Jülich, Germany; 3: Institute of sustained handgrip emerged). In conclusion, the socially evaluated Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; 4: handgrip test represents a versatile, time-efficient method to induce Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regens- stress in small laboratory settings. burg, Germany; 5: Institue of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; 6: Key laboratory for NeuroInformation/Center for FR 61 Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University Effects of multisensory stimuli on inhibitory control in of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China adolescent ADHD: It is the content of information that Most people react aggressively when they are provoked. Such matters aggressive reactions can be enhanced or reduced via biological Witold X. Chmielewski (1), Annet Bluschke (1), Gabriel Dippel (1), messengers such as testosterone. Christian Beste (1,2) We aimed to investigate the influence of testosterone administration 1: Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent on brain activity during provoked aggressive reactions. Therefore, we Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; 2: Experi- conducted a functional MRI study including 103 healthy male partici- mental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech pants receiving either a testosterone or placebo gel and genotyped Republic them for the MAOA polymorphism. About 4 hours after the admin- istration, participants performed a modified version of the Tailor Deficits in inhibitory control are well-known in ADHD, but the nature Aggression Paradigm. Here, an ostensible opponent either subtracted of these deficits is largely enigmatic. Despite results in healthy people little or much money from the participant. suggest that multisensory (i.e. audiovisual) processing impacts The hormone administration resulted in a significant increase of inhibitory control, these processes have not been investigated in testosterone levels in the testosterone group. Independent of the ADHD even though there are deficits in multisensory processing in group, participants reacted with more money reductions towards ADHD. We examined the influence of concurrent auditory conflicting

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provoking subtractions in the preceding trial. After testosterone FR 64 administration this reactive aggressive behavior was significantly Psychobiologische Diagnostik stressassoziierter Symptome increased while the MAOA polymorphism did not significantly influence aggressive behavior. Tobias Stächele (1,2), Ellen Rückert (1,2), Markus Heinrichs (1,2) On a whole brain level, high compared to low provoking feedback 1: Abteilung für Biologische und Differentielle Psychologie, Universität demonstrated increased activity in the amygdala, pregenual anterior Freiburg, Deutschland; 2: Psychotherapeutische Ambulanz für stressbe- cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus and bilateral insula. Group differ- dingte Erkrankungen, Universität Freiburg, Deutschland ences analyzed in specific regions of interest demonstrated amgydala Die Regulation alltäglicher Anforderungen und Belastungen wird activity being increased after high provoking feedback only in the sowohl über psychobiologische (HHNA, SAM) als auch über kognitive- testosterone group. There was no influence of the MAOA polymor- emotionale Regulationssysteme (Stresserleben, Coping) gesteuert. phism. Eine stressassoziierte Symptomatik tritt auf, wenn eine adäquate The findings support the suggestion that testosterone modulates Aktivierung und Erholung der einzelnen Systeme nicht mehr erfolgt human aggressive behavior and corresponding amygdala activity. oder deren Steuerung nur mit erhöhtem Aufwand möglich ist. Zur Importantly the group difference observed in the behavior might be Beurteilung der Funktion einzelner Systeme können sowohl Datener- the result of a different neural processing during the feedback phase. hebungen im Alltag (u.a. Ambulantes Assessment von Herzfrequenz

und Aktivität; Speichelcortisol) als auch Laboruntersuchungen (u.a. FR 63 Stressprovokation mittels TSST) durchgeführt werden. Ziel der Entwicklung einer strukturierten psychobiologischen Stressdi- Dermatomal Organization of SI Leg Representation in agnostik ist es, individuelle Funktionsparameter verschiedener Humans: Revising the Somatosensory Homunculus Datenquellen bei einzelnen Patienten im Hinblick auf eine stressasso- Caroline Dietrich (1), Kathrin Blume (1), Marcel Franz (1), Ralph ziierte Symptomatik zu beurteilen und für deren Behandlung zu Huonker (2), Maria Carl (1), Sandra Preißler (1), Gunther Hofmann (3, interpretieren. Hierfür wurde an der Ambulanz für stressbedingte 4), Wolfgang Miltner (1), Thomas Weiss (1) Erkrankungen der Universität Freiburg ein diagnostisches Protokoll entwickelt, das es erlaubt durch gezielte Untersuchungen im Alltag 1: FSU Jena, Deutschland; 2: Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic sowie im Labor individualisierte Aussagen zur therapeutischen Center, University Hospital Jena, Jena; 3: Berufsgenossenschaftliche Indikationsstellung bei stressassoziierter Symptomatik zu treffen. Kliniken Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle/Saale; 4: Department of Trauma, Im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts wurden mehrere Verfahren zur Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena Erhebung von stressbezogenen Parametern bei 38 männlichen Penfield and Rasmussen‖s homunculus is the valid map of the neural Studierenden in einem Assessment über 48 Stunden kombiniert body representation of nearly each textbook of biology, physiology, (Gesundheitsstatus, Biofeedback, körperliche Fitness, ambulantes and neuroscience. The somatosensory homunculus places the foot Aktivitäts- und HF-Monitoring, Cortisoltagesprofil und – representation on the mesial surface of the postcentral gyrus aufwachreaktion, TSST, stressbezogene Fragebogenbatterie). followed by the representations of the lower leg and the thigh in Ausgewertet werden individuelle Verläufe bei einzelnen Personen superio-lateral direction. However, this strong homuncular organiza- sowie gruppenstatistische Zusammenhänge zwischen den Verfahren. tion contradicts the dermatomal organization of spinal nerves. We Das Poster wird zentrale Ergebnisse der Daten der Pilotstudie used somatosensory evoked magnetic fields and source analysis to berichten und deren Implikationen diskutieren. study the leg‖s neural representation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in 18 healthy subjects. We show that the representation of FR 65 the back of the thigh is located inferior to the foot‖s representation in Pay me and I (don‖t) care (any)more: Neural and behavioral SI whereas the front of the thigh is located laterally to the foot‖s interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation representation. This observation indicates that the localization of the leg in SI rather follows the dermatomal organization of spinal nerves Nils Kohn, Eelco van Dongen, Hongxia Duan, Guillén Fernández than the typical map of neighboring body parts as depicted in Penfield Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, and Rasmussen‖s illustration of the somatosensory homunculus. Niederlande Therefore, there is a need to revise the Penfield maps with respect to Motivation can be generated intrinsically, by a state of internal desire, specific aspects of the leg's representation. or extrinsically, by reward or punishment. Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have been shown to facilitate memory and its neural substrates. Behaviorally both kinds of motivation show a similar facilitatory effect and neuronal patterns overlap, yet extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on learning have not been studied in combination. Past research suggests that extrinsic motivation may undermine intrinsic motivation.

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We aimed to investigate behavioral and neuronal interplay of intrinsic switching from a simulation approach to a reliance on emotional and extrinsic reward in a trivia learning experiment. 35 healthy scripts. participants were investigated. In a screening phase, each participant rated 770 trivia questions on 6-point scales for confidence in knowing FR 67 the answer and curiosity for the answer. Based on these individual Effekte der Schlafqualität auf Leistung und Stresserleben im ratings, 270 trivia questions were subsequently selected per subject Trier Social Stress Test for a study phase in the fMRI. Questions from all curiosity bins were Johanna Brustkern, Markus Heinrichs, Bernadette von Dawans, equally combined with one out of three possible levels of reward. The Bastian Schiller next morning, participants were asked to type in each answer. Early results indicate reward and curiosity facilitate memory for trivia Institut für Psychologie, Abteilung für Biologische und Differentielle questions, without evidence for a detrimental interaction. Preliminary Psychologie, Universität Freiburg fMRI analyses show an overlap between reward and curiosity-related Menschen schlafen ca. ein Drittel ihrer Lebenszeit. Ausreichender und activity in pre-SMA. Further analyses will determine the amount of erholsamer Schlaf steht dabei in enger Verbindung mit der Leistungs- overlap and specificity of the observed effects of reward and curiosity fähigkeit in stressigen Alltagssituationen. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige in target regions such as the hippocampus and ventral striatum. Studien, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafqualität, Our study provides initial evidence for a preservation of facilitatory Leistung und Stresserleben mithilfe biopsychologischer Parameter effects of curiosity and reward on memory when combined, which has untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde bei 34 gesunden beneficial implications in various educational contexts. männlichen Probanden daher der Einfluss von Schlafqualität auf die Leistung und das Stresserleben im Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), einem etablierten Verfahren zur experimentellen Induktion von FR 66 psychosozialem Stress, untersucht. Die subjektive Schlafqualität des The Effects of Inhibitory Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation zurückliegenden Monats wurde über den Pittsburgh Sleep Quality of BA44 during a Facial Imitation Task Index erhoben. Zudem wurden anhand eines psychophysiologischen ambulanten Messsystems in der Nacht vor dem Experiment peri- Stephanie Schmidt, Joachim Hass, Peter Kirsch, Daniela Mier pherphysiologische schlafassoziierte Parameter, wie das Elektrokar- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Deutschland diogramm und die körperliche Aktivität, erfasst. Anschließend wurde Imitation of facial expressions is a core function of social cognition. die Stressreaktivität mit dem TSST gemessen (freier Vortrag und Some propose the mirror neuron system (MNS) to be the basis of Rechenaufgabe unter sozialer Evaluation). Die Leistung der Versuchs- imitative behavior, enabling social cognition by simulation of observed personen im TSST wurde über neu entwickelte, durch Experten actions. However, studies allowing a causal inference of the MNS for beurteilte Kriterien (z.B. Gestik, Mimik, Redefluss, Intonation), sowie social cognition are missing. In this fMRI-study, we investigated the eine Selbsteinschätzung evaluiert. Die Stressreaktivität wurde über role of BA44 for the imitation of emotional facial expressions by visuelle Analogskalen, sowie Herzraten- und Cortisolmessungen applying inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). erfasst. In ersten Analysen erwiesen sich die Kriterien zur Leistungss- 66 healthy participants participated in two fMRI sessions comprising bewertung im TSST als reliabel (zufriedenstellende Intra- und a facial imitation task. In the experimental conditions, they observed Interrater-Reliabilität) und valide (hohe Korrelationen zwischen and imitated emotional faces, and in the control conditions they Expertenurteil und Selbsteinschätzung). Subjektiv schlechtere performed emotional and non-emotional facial expressions without a Schlafqualität führte zu einer niedrigeren Selbsteinschätzung der visual facial stimulus. TMS was targeted at the coordinate within right eigenen Leistung im TSST, welche aber nicht in den Expertenratings BA44 with highest activation during imitation in the first session. Half sichtbar wurde. In Folgeanalysen sollen diese Zusammenhänge of the participants received an inhibitory theta burst stimulation anhand schlafassoziierter psychophysiologischer Parameter (z.B. protocol, whereas the other half received sham TMS. Herzratenvariabilität, körperliche Aktivität, Schlafdauer) in der Nacht Activation in BA44, superior temporal sulcus, amygdala and fusiform unmittelbar vor dem TSST überprüft werden, welche auf der Tagung gyrus was higher during imitation compared to observation as well as präsentiert werden. the control conditions. Between-group analyses revealed stronger activation in the right temporal pole during imitation compared to the FR 68 non-emotional control task in participants having received real TMS in Association of baseline testosterone levels and neural contrast to sham TMS. correlates of emotion processing In the present study, facial imitation is associated with activation in Sanja Klein, Onno Kruse, Isabell Tapia León, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken the MNS and regions relevant for face and emotion processing, supporting the assumed role of the MNS for social cognition. The JLU Giessen, Deutschland enhancement of temporal pole activation after TMS suggests a High endogenous testosterone levels have been associated with altered emotional processing in the brain. Specifically, a reduction of

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fear and stress responses, as well as the modulation of those we found Ambiguity to effect the response-locked ERN. Results responses has been observed. However, until recently it was difficult suggest Ambiguity (uncertainty) as well as Material to measure long-term secretion of testosterone. Sampling of testos- (speech/nonspeech) to effect the decision and conduction. terone concentration in the hair now allows to change this. This study aims to clarify the role of long-term testosterone secretion in emotion FR 70 processing and the corresponding neural circuitry. We assumed an Neuronale Korrelate subjektiver CS-UCS-Kontingenz bei association of higher testosterone levels with reduced direct emotion appetitiver Konditionierung processing and increased involvement of prefrontal areas during the Isabell Tapia León (1,2,3), Onno Kruse (1,2,3), Tobias Stalder (1), viewing of emotional pictures. 43 healthy male participants were Rudolf Stark (2,3), Tim Klucken (1,3) shown blocks of negative, positive, sexual and neutral pictures from an affective picture database in a picture-perception paradigm during 1: Universität Siegen, Deutschland; 2: Universität Gießen, Deutschland; 3: a functional MRI scan. Baseline testosterone levels from the last 2 Bender Institute of Neuroimaging months were assessed in hair samples and correlated with the BOLD Dysfunktionale appetitive Konditionierungsprozesse stellen ein response. There was a significant positive correlation between high wichtiges Modell für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung psychi- testosterone concentration and activation of prefrontal areas (vmPFC, scher Störungen wie Suchterkrankungen und Depression dar. Die OFC) during processing of negative as well as positive but not sexual explizite Kenntnis über die Reizrelationen zwischen CS und UCS emotional pictures. Contrary to hypotheses, there was no negative beeinflusst u.a. Craving. Der Zusammenhang zwischen subjektiver correlation between high testosterone concentration and activation of CS-UCS-Kontingenz und Belohnungslernen ist jedoch bisher kaum direct emotion processing areas like amygdala during processing of untersucht. In dieser Studie wurde von 85 gesunden Probanden direkt any emotional pictures. im Anschluss an ein Akquisitionstraining im MRT (40 Trials, Verstär- kerrate 50%, Geldgewinn als UCS) die subjektive CS-UCS-Kontingenz FR 69 via subjektiven Ratings erhoben. Dieses dimensionale Maß beschreibt Neural correlates of ambiguity in speech-nonspeech dis- für wie wahrscheinlich ein Proband es bewertete, dass ein UCS nach crimination einem CS+ im Vergleich zum CS- folgte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass subjektive CS-UCS-Kontingenz in der Petra Ludowicy (1), Tina Weis (2), Daniela Czernochowski (1), Thomas frühen Phase der Akquisition mit stärkeren differentiellen BOLD- Lachmann (1) Antworten (CS+ > CS-) im primären visuellen Kortex (V1) positiv 1: Universität Kaiserslautern, Deutschland; 2: Carl-von-Ossietzky Universi- assoziiert ist. In der späten Phase zeigt sich ein positiver Korrelation tät Oldenburg, Deutschland mit verstärkter Aktivierung im ventralen Striatum. Konnektivitätsana- During the process of learning, we initially rely on weak action- lysen ergaben einen inversen Zusammenhang zwischen subjektiver outcome relations and therefore are often uncertain about the CS-UCS-Kontingenz und funktioneller striataler-vmPFC- sowie V1- outcome of our behavior. Less is known about the neural processes vmPFC-Konnektivität. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf die Relevanz früher underlying the evaluation of certain and uncertain situations. Prior Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei der Formierung subjektiver CS-UCS- studies often used ‘probability’ to investigate this issue with the Kontingenz hin. restriction, that the concept of uncertainty and surprise cannot be differentiated in probability-learning tasks. Since high and low FR 71 ambiguity also causes weak action-outcome relations, we developed Shape alterations of basal ganglia in regular cocaine users an auditory speech-nonspeech discrimination task using stimuli which Ion-Hideo Breden (1), Sarah Hirsiger (1), Katrin H. Preller (1), Matthias differ gradually in term of their speech and nonspeech content. As Kirschner (1), Matthias Vonmoos (1), Jürgen Hänggi (2), Marcus material we used the German vowel /a/ as speech and its spectrally Herdener (1), Boris B. Quednow (1,3) rotated version as nonspeech stimuli. By blending the stimuli into 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, each other in different percentage steps, we received stimuli of low Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Switzerland; 2: Division of ambiguity (containing a lot more speech or nonspeech), easy to Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, categorize as speech or nonspeech, leading to ‘certain’ responses, or Switzerland; 3: Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss stimuli of high ambiguity (containing similar amount of speech and Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland nonspeech), hard to categorize, leading to ‘uncertain’ responses. Performance feedback was given after each trial, indicating the Cocaine abuse is often associated with structural and functional correctness of the given response. During this task, electroenceph- alterations in mesolimbic and related structures. However, voxel- alography (EEG) was recorded. Stimulus- and response-locked event- based approaches, which are primarily used in the investigation of related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed. Regarding stimulus-locked structural alterations related to cocaine misuse, do not allow an EPRs, we found Ambiguity to effect the P3a (fronto-central) and the accurate description of structural disparities, particularly within P3b (parietal) and Material influenced the N2 and N4. Furthermore, subcortical structures, due to their low sensitivity. Shape analysis

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attempts to circumvent the restrictions inherent to voxel-based den kardiovaskulären Reaktionen war kein signifikanter Trend methods to allow a more precise identification and localization of zwischen Test und Retest nachweisbar. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte die subcortical abnormalities. For this preliminary analysis, twenty-four Cortisol-Reaktivität einen signifikant geringeren Anstieg im zweiten regular cocaine users (CU) and thirty-five healthy controls were Messdurchgang (p<.01). Dies galt auch für die Selbsteinschätzungen subjected to MRI analysis. Anatomical images were analyzed using von Stress, Erregung, Angst und Schmerz (alle p<.05). Zusammenfas- the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain‖s FSL FIRST toolbox send kann gesagt werden, dass der untersuchte kombinierte Kalt- to elucidate potential shape differences in the basal ganglia. Lifetime wasser- und Leistungsstressor eindeutige Stressreaktionen auch bei cocaine use (in gram) was assessed using the structured and stand- Wiederholungsmessung auslöst. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Stressre- ardized interview for psychotropic drug consumption. Group analysis aktionen ist signifikant und entspricht anderen gut validierten revealed a significant shape difference between CU and healthy Stressverfahren. Eine Sensitivierung konnten wir nicht nachweisen. controls. CU displayed hypertrophy in the right medial pallidum. Die Cortisol- und subjektiven Reaktionen hingegen lassen Habitua- Healthy controls, however, did not show any shape-related hypertro- tionseffekte vermuten. phy. The correlational analysis revealed a close to significant positive relationship between lifetime cocaine use and the right pallidum in CU. FR 73 The observed differences in the group analysis indicate a potential An EEG based map of emotional arousal dissociation of structural composition between drug users and non- Hedwig Eisenbarth users that reflects the effects of cocaine use on structures within the University of Southampton, UK mesolimbic pathway. The findings of this analysis seem to integrate well into the existing literature on the pallidum‖s dysfunctional role in Psychologists and neuroscientists use different psychophysiological reward-related modulation while providing a more sensitive descrip- measures of arousal to indicate physiological reactions at baselines tion of subcortical abnormalities in the context of cocaine abuse. and in response to various types of arousing stimuli. Psychophysio- logical arousal (e.g. measured via GSR) and it‖s neurophysiological FR 72 correlate (e.g. measured via EEG) have been found to be highly Test-Retest-Reproduzierbarkeit eines kombinierten Kalt- correlated, however can a GSR trace in response to emotional content wasser- und Leistungsstressors be predicted by EEG based pattern within subjects and can a group mean pattern predict an individuals‖ GSR response? This study Petra Bachmann (1), Mauro F. Larra (1), Xinwei Zhang (1), Dagmar investigates the prediction of GSR traces within subjects and for Rebeck (1,2), Klaus Peter Koch (2), Hartmut Schächinger (1) groups based on EEG data and its correlation with subjective experi- 1: Abteilung für Klinische Psychophysiologie, Universität Trier; 2: Elektro- ences. Using the DEAP dataset, based on n=32 participants, an EEG und Medizintechnik, Hochschule Trier based pattern for emotional arousal was computed and cross- Stress ist ein wichtiges psychobiologisches Thema in der Humanfor- validated. Predicted and true variables were highly correlated within schung. Um unterschiedliche experimentelle Fragestellungen zu subjects, however, a group mean pattern showed a much lower bearbeiten, wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten verschiedene Stress- relationship with an individuals GSR response. In addition, correlations tests entwickelt. Bei allen stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit sie in between subjective ratings of the emotional response to the emo- verbundenen (within-) Designs für Wiederholungs- und/oder Verän- tional stimuli and the RMSE of the within-subject prediction were derungsmessungen tauglich sind. Dabei könnten Gewöhnungs- und computed: a significant but low correlation shows that the subjective Sensitivierungseffekte eine Rolle spielen. rating of stimuli is related to the uniformity of the relationship Diese Studie untersucht die Test-Retest-Reproduzierbarkeit einer between EEG and GSR responses. These findings have implications kürzlich in unserer Arbeitsgruppe validierten Kaltwasser- for the understanding of the relationship between EEG derived Stresstestvariante, bei der zusätzlich und zeitgleich zu einem bilatera- emotional arousal reactions and GSR derived measures, as well as for len Fuß-CPT (‚Cold Pressor Test‘), der kognitive Leistungstest PASAT the generalizability from individuals to groups using these measures. (‚Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task‘) durchgeführt wurde. Gemes- FR 74 sen wurden kardiovaskuläre (Blutdruck, EKG), neuroendokrine (Speichel-Cortisol) sowie subjektive (Stress, Erregung, Angst, Sustained and phasic fear in high- and low-anxious healthy Schmerz) Reaktionen. An der Studie nahmen 32 männliche Probanden students – an ambulatory assessment study (19 bis 31 Jahre) teil. Die Messwiederholung erfolgte bei exakt Sandra Zänkert, Anja Schmitz, Daniela Röhrig, Melissa Langer, Brigitte gleichen Bedingungen nach einer Woche. Alle Untersuchungen fanden M. Kudielka, Andreas Mühlberger, Stefan Wüst nachmittags statt. Während Test- und Retest-Messungen waren Universität Regensburg, Deutschland deutliche Stressreaktionen aller untersuchten Parameter nachweis- bar. Die Test-Retest-Korrelationen für Blutdruck- und Herzratenreak- While fear is conceptualized as adaptive state of apprehension to tionen lagen zwischen r=.50 bis r=.83, für die subjektiven Reaktionen threat (phasic fear), anxiety is a sustained state leading to tension and zwischen r=.30 und r=.68 und für die Cortisol-Reaktivität bei r=70. Bei worry (sustained fear). The NPU-threat test is an acoustic startle

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paradigm that was shown to distinguish fear- and anxiety- FR 76 potentiated reactions. A first study, exploring if startle responses to Developing a feedback system for stress-related changes in this paradigm are related to fear in real life, revealed no significant breathing association with ambulatory assessment (AA) measurements. To further explore this association, two groups of high- (N = 15) and Michael Pfaller, Andreas Mühlberger low-anxious (N = 15) participants were identified using the anxiety Universität Regensburg, Deutschland trait scale of the State-Trait-Anxiety-Depression-Inventory (STADI). Under stress, breathing tends to become faster and more irregular. Subjects were then exposed to the NPU-threat test and performed an Our intent was to explore biofeedback of un-paced breathing to AA at 4 days with 7 beeps triggered quasi-randomly between 0900 increase awareness of stress-related changes in respiration. The first and 2100 hrs by a smartphone. At alarms the anxiety state scale of step towards this goal consisted of collecting data on respiratory and the STADI was presented, assessing ‘Aufgeregtheit’ (conceptualized cardiac changes and quantifying and comparing their utility in predict- as measure of phasic fear) and ‘Besorgtheit’ (serving as measure for ing stress. To this end we used a within-sujects-design consisting of sustained fear) with 5 items each. two baseline conditions (BL) comprising passive viewing of neutral Startle reactions did not differ between high- and low-anxious pictures and two ‚stress‘ tasks (ST) involving high mental load ( i.e. subjects. Mean ‘Besorgtheit’ scores showed intra- as well as inter- arithmetic + executive processing) in a BL-ST1-BL-ST2 design. ST2 individual variability whereas ‘Aufgeregtheit’ scores showed a higher additionally included a social-evaluative component. The difference intra-individual variability across AA. Multi-level analysis revealed a between baselines and stress tasks was clearly present in physiologi- significant association between group and AA measures. Being high- cal parameters and subjective experience of being ‚tense‘, with large anxious was associated with higher scores in state agitation. Howev- effect sizes for subjective experience and breathing parameters and er, we did not observe a significant association between startle small to intermediate effect sizes for cardiac parameters including responses and AA measurements. heart rate variability. Median breath duration was the best predictor An alternative approach to detect a possible link between startle of condition (~ 75% correct prediction of condition), potentially responses and AA measures could be to take AA measurements while improved only by adding a parameter of irregularity of breathing. subjects are exposed to significant stress. Despite a very large difference in subjective experience between ST1 FR 75 and ST2 (i.e. the effect of social evaluative threat), such a difference Elektrophysiologische Korrelate in einer Simon-Aufgabe: was almost absent in physiological parameters except median breath duration. A critical amount of respiration segments had to be excluded Vergleich von cEEGrid- und Kappen-EEG from analysis due to inability to algorithmically detect respiration Marlene Pacharra (1), Stefan Debener (2,3), Edmund Wascher (1) peaks, especially in stress conditions. This constitues a major chal- 1: Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Deutschland; lenge for future studies next to the development of online parameters 2: Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Oldenburg, Deutschland; 3: Depart- that can be determined on a sufficiently short timescale to be feasible ment für Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky for feedback. Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland FR 77 Miniaturisierte EEG-Messaufnehmer wie die cEEGrids, die um die The interaction of subliminal and consciously induced Ohren herum anzulegen sind, erlauben in der Theorie mobile und cognitive conflicts reflects a local process. unauffällige EEG-Aufzeichnung im Feld. Um die Validität gewonnener EEG-Signale zu prüfen, wurde ein direkter Vergleich von cEEGrid-EEG Wiebke Bensmann und Kappen-EEG, in einem Laborsetting durchgeführt. Dreizehn Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Deutschland gesunde, erwachsene Probanden bearbeiteten eine klassische Simon- Controlled behavior can be influenced by subliminal or consciously Aufgabe, in der Buchstaben auf einem Bildschirm lateralisiert darge- processed information conflicts. Yet, there is evidence that these two boten wurden und eine lateralisierte Reaktion ausgeführt werden types of conflict interact in their modulation of controlled behavior. musste. Aus dem zeitgleich aufgezeichneten cEEGrid- und Kappen- However the underlying neural mechanisms have remained largely EEG, wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale (EKP) und ereigniskorre- unclear. In this study, we investigate whether there are differences in lierte Lateralisierungen (EKLs) extrahiert. Allgemein zeigte sich eine neurophysiological mechanisms and networks underlying such gute Korrespondenz zwischen cEEGrid und Kappen-EEG in visuell und modulations using event-related potentials (ERPs), time-frequency kognitiv getriebenen Komponenten (z.B. N1, P1, P300). Die elektro- analyses as well as small world analyses. A group of n= 40 young and physiologischen Korrelate motorischer Reaktionsprozesse wurden healthy participants perform a paradigm, which combines a target dagegen weniger gut von dem cEEGrid-EEG eingefangen. Diese stimulus with a subliminal prime as well as with consciously perceived Studie demonstriert das Potential und mögliche Einschränkungen von flankers. The results show the interaction of subliminal and con- EEG-Messungen mit den cEEGrids für zukünftige Feldstudien. sciously processed conflicts occurring at earliest stage of perceptual and attentional processing (P1) and response selected stage (N2).

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Also, results show that the interaction of these two conflicts is emotions (e.g. angry vs. neutral) at higher set sizes, whereas the associated with stronger theta band activity at the electrode Cz. information function predicts no emotion-by-set size interaction. However, ‘small world’ properties, which are thought to reflect In order to contrast these two functions, we investigated the short- efficient network organization, do not show the interaction of these term memory capacity for emotional expressions (angry, fearful, sad, two types of conflict. These results suggest that the interaction of happy, neutral) using eye tracking in a variant of a delayed match-to- subliminal and consciously triggered conflicts reflect a local process sample procedure with set sizes 1, 2, and 4. Our results indicated that either than an efficient network organization. individuals can hold more than one emotional expression in short- term memory (mean Cowan‖s K = 2.74). Contrary to the predictions FR 78 derived from the salience model, however, we found that neutral and Do Shifting and Inhibition rely on the same or different happy faces were better remembered than angry, sad, or fearful faces neural processes? An EEG-study of a Shifting task with at all set sizes, indicating that this emotion effect was driven by item flanker stimuli difficulty rather than emotional content. Somewhat similarly, gaze durations were longest for ‚difficult‘ sad and fearful expressions and Gidon T. Frischkorn, Anna-Lena Schubert, Dirk Hagemann shortest for the ‚easy‘ happy expression. Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland Together our results suggest that multiple emotional expressions can be represented in parallel, whereas – under explicit memory condi- Various cognitive abilities such as working memory or intelligence are tions – there is no modulating effect of emotional expression beyond said to rely on executive functions. Mostly three different executive item difficulty. functions are separated, namely shifting, updating, and inhibition.

Correlational analyses typically show that these three executive functions are related. In how far these executive functions require the FR 80 same cognitive processes and whether they are independent or inter- Perceptual salience differentially modulates cognitive related on a neural level is not yet understood. In the present experiment, we explored the connection between the stability vs. flexibility. executive functions shifting and inhibition on behavioral and neural Cindy Eckart, Benjamin Gagl, Jona Sassenhagen, Christian J. Fiebach level. For this, participants completed a Shifting task with additional Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland flanker stimuli while an EEG was recorded. Flanker stimuli were congruent, incongruent or neutral corresponding to the target The pursuit of behavioural goals in an ever-changing environment stimulus. This experimental manipulation provided the possibility to requires balance between flexible adaptation (cognitive flexibility) and assess whether the two executive functions shifting and inhibition are stable maintenance (cognitive stability) of behaviour. This balance has functionally independent or connected to each other. been attributed to dopaminergic neurotransmission. Another im- Incongruent flanker stimuli deteriorated both accuracy and reaction portant function of dopamine involves the signalling of the salience of time of responses to the target stimuli. Moreover, participants environmental stimuli. However, little is known about potential reacted more slowly and more incorrectly in switch-trials than in interactions between these functions. Here, we varied salience repeat-trials. However, these two effects were independent of each orthogonally to task-switching (cognitive flexibility) and distractor other. Further analysis of latencies and amplitudes of ERP- inhibition (cognitive stability) while electrophysiological brain signals components, especially the P3, shall reveal in how far task shifting were recorded (n = 19). Perceptual salience of target stimuli was and inhibition rely on different or equal neural processes. modulated such that half of the sample had to flexibly change behaviour to the brighter of two simultaneously emerging digits while FR 79 inhibiting the darker one (high salience group), while the other half Testing emotional capacity - a pilot study reacted to the darker digit while inhibiting the brighter one (low salience group). Hannes Noack, Birgit Derntl ERPs show robust N170 increases for both flexibility and stability as Universität Tübingen, Deutschland compared to the baseline task (in which only one stimulus was Emotional facial expressions serve two functions: they provide presented), as well as a late parietal positivity (~600ms post-target) in information about the emotional state of others and they signal the task-switching condition. Behavioural analyses revealed an salience by giving one emotional expression (e.g. anger, fearfulness) interaction between target salience and task condition, with signifi- processing priority over others (e.g. neutral expressions). As a cantly higher stay costs (i.e. reaction time penalties in the face of consequence, the information function of emotion may profit from distraction) when suppressing a perceptually more salient (brighter) multiple parallel representations, whereas the salience function may distractor. A salience-dependent modulation of switch costs did not take advantage of a competitive winner-take-all principle. Thus, the emerge. These results suggest differential effects of perceptual salience function predicts superior memory performance for some salience on cognitive stability vs. flexibility. Salience modulation of flexibility- and stability-related ERPs will be presented to investigate

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in more detail how perceptual salience modulates cognitive stability higher SSVEPs. Visual cortical processing of object versus background vs. flexibility. were associated with visual cognition for older but not for younger children. This relation was strongest for verbal descriptions and FR 81 generalized to the cortical processing of abstract stimuli and object Blunted brain reactions to natural rewards in healthy and and background presented alone. Thus, visual cortical networks obese binge women presented with personally irresistible restructure and align with acquired visual cognition in early childhood. food cues. FR 83 Laura Miccoli, Rafael Delgado, Pedro M. Guerra, Isabel Hernández- Early Responses to Emotional Facial Expressions: An EEG- Rivero, Sonia Rodríguez-Ruiz, M.Carmen Fernández-Santaella fMRI study University of Granada, Spain, Spain Miriam Müller-Bardorff (1), Maximilian Bruchmann (1), Martin We investigated the motivational salience that obese binge eaters Mothes-Lasch (2), Wolfgang Miltner (2), Thomas Straube (1) and healthy controls assign to food cues by recording the Late 1: WWU Münster, Deutschland; 2: Universität Jena Positive Potential/LPP while we displayed images of personally irresistible foods. Food cues were presented interspersed with The purpose of the present EEG-fMRI study was to investigate affective images (erotica, attacks, and neutral objects) that served as neuronal correlates of early stages of affective face processing. To control cues. Consistent with several studies, obese and controls did this means, we simultaneously measured event-related potentials not differ in their reactions to food and emotional cues, showing the (ERPs) and BOLD signal changes in response to the presentation of expected emotional modulation of the LPP. However, we also neutral, positive and negative facial expressions of either low or high investigated whether brain reactions of obese bingers and controls intensity (no intensity levels for neutral expressions). Participants supported the existence of a common phenotype, that, in line with engaged in a focal bars task, while facial expressions were presented recent proposals, should emerge as a function of reactions to food at image center for 150 ms. Potential modulations by facial expres- and natural rewards rather than Body Mass index/BMI. Thus, we ran sions were modelled using contrast weights derived from stimulus cluster analysis on LPP data, with the goal of identifying subgroups of ratings from an independent sample. EEG analysis confirmed a individuals based on the amplitude of their LPP to food cues. Results significant quadratic trend reflecting modulations by stimulus arousal, showed that some individuals, regardless their BMI, assigned which fell within the latency of P1 amplitudes. With regard to BOLD moderate motivational salience to food and simultaneously showed activation, modulations by facial expressions were most prominent in increased reactions to natural rewards (erotica), whereas others the right FFA and right STS and again reflected quadratic effects by reacted excessively to food cues but meagerly to natural rewards. The stimulus arousal. On a single trial basis, our combined EEG-fMRI data emerged replicate and extend the existing studies, that focused analysis revealed significant correlations between P1 amplitudes and on an indistinct obese sample, giving evidence of the existence of BOLD activation in the inferior occipital cortex and the left amygdala. such endophenotype also in obese women who suffer from binge In sum, our preliminary results indicate that responding to emotionally eating disorder. significant facial stimuli begins early, reflects modulations by stimulus Funding: Junta de Andalucía, Proyecto de Excelencia PI2-SEJ-391 arousal rather than valence, and might rely on responses within the inferior occipital cortex and the left amygdala. FR 82 Visual Cortical Networks Involved in Scene Perception Align FR 84 with Visual Cognition in Early Childhood Visuelle Aufmerksamkeitslenkung unter Stress: Effekte auf lateralisierte alpha-Band Oszillationen Moritz Köster (1), Thomas Gruber (1), Joscha Kärtner (2) Xinwei Zhang, Petra Bachmann, Hartmut Schächinger, Mauro F. Larra 1: Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland; 2: Universität Münster, Deutsch- land Universität Trier, Deutschland

This study investigates how visual cortical networks align with inter- Es wird vermutet, dass Stress einen Einfluss auf Aufmerksamkeits- individual differences in visual cognition, namely the sensitivity for the prozesse hat, allerdings ist die Befundlage bisher widersprüchlich. Die object versus the background of a visual scene, in early childhood. To meisten diesbezüglichen Studien beschränken sich auf Verhaltensda- segregate object and background processing in the visual cortex in 5- ten. Hier haben wir eine Variante des weit verbreiteten Posner and 7-year-old children, object and background were presented at Paradigmas angewendet, um den Effekt von Stress auf die endogene different frequencies (12Hz or 15Hz), evoking disparate neuronal visuell-räumliche Aufmerksamkeitslenkung vor Zielreizpräsentation responses (steady state visually evoked potentials, SSVEPs) in the zu untersuchen, indem die Modulation der oszillatorischen alpha- electroencephalogram (EEG). Furthermore, visual cognition was band Aktivität im Cue-Target Interval erfasst wurde. 24 männliche assessed in verbal picture descriptions and recognition memory tasks. Probanden durchliefen den bilateralen Fußkaltwassertest (CPT) und In younger children compared to older children the background elicited eine Kontrollprozedur mit warmem Wasser an zwei Tagen im Abstand

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von einer Woche. Nach der Intervention bearbeiteten sie 288 Trials FR 86 des Aufmerksamkeitsparadigmas: Auf einen auditiven Cue hin sollten Differentielle funktionelle Einbindung verschiedener die Probanden ihre visuelle Aufmerksamkeit auf die linke oder rechte Amygdala-Regionen Seite des Bildschirms ausrichten und den Ort des Erscheinens eines darauffolgend präsentierten Zielreizes durch Tastendruck angeben. Martin Klasen, Dhana Wolf, Patrick Eisner, Melina Sonderfeld, Klaus Der CPT führte zu einem signifikanten Kortisolanstieg im Vergleich zur Mathiak Kontrollbedingung, hatte aber keinen Einfluss auf Verhaltensmaße RWTH Aachen University, Deutschland (Reaktionszeit, Detektionsleistung) der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung. Die Amygdala ist eine wichtige Region der neuronalen Emotionsver- Jedoch beeinflusste Stress die EEG Aktivität im Prästimulusintervall: arbeitung. Obwohl sie meist als einheitliche Struktur betrachtet wird, Die Inhibition posteriorer alpha-Band Aktivität kontralateral zum Cue zeigen sowohl die Zytoarchitektur (Amunts et al., 2005) als auch war nach Stress variabler und stärker ausgeprägt als nach der funktionelle Bildgebungsstudien (Bzdok et al., 2013), dass verschie- Kontrollprozedur. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Stress endogene denen Kernregionen der Amygdala unterschiedliche Funktionen Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf komplexe Weise moduliert und dass die zukommen. Die Kerne lassen sich hierbei in die laterobasale (LB), die Lateralisation der oszillatorischen alpha-band Aktivität im Prästimu- centromediale (CM) und die superfizielle (SF) Gruppe einteilen. Die lusintervall ein sensitives Maß für Stresseffekte auf visuell-räumliche vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit funktionellen Konnektivitätsmus- Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse ist. tern dieser drei Amygdala-Regionen, gemessen mit funktioneller

Magnetresonanztomographie. Hierzu wurde die Konnektivität FR 85 während zwei Bedingungen gemessen: einer Ruhemessung sowie Demands on inhibitory control processes determine modu- einer emotionalen Bewertungsaufgabe (Klassifikation emotionaler Gesichter und prosodischer Stimuli). Für beide Bedingungen wurden lations of theta band activity by the norepinephrine system die Konnektivitäten der drei Amygdala-Regionen miteinander in superior frontal areas verglichen. Beim Vergleich mit den beiden anderen Regionen fand sich Nico Adelhöfer (1), Gabriel Dippel (1), Moritz Mückschel (1,2), Tjalf für LB unter beiden Bedingungen ein Konnektivitätsmuster mit Ziemssen (2), Christian Beste (3) inferior temporalen Strukturen. Für die Emotionsaufgabe zeigte sich darüber hinaus eine funktionelle Anbindung an die dorsalen und 1: Kognitive Neurophysiologie, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und – ventralen Pfade der visuellen Verarbeitung. CM zeigte im Vergleich psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Deutschland; 2: Zentrum für mit den anderen Regionen eine ausgeprägte Konnektivität mit dem klinische Neurowissenschaften, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Deutsch- anterioren Cingulum und dem dorsalen Striatum; bei emotionaler land; 3: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Tschechien Bewertung zeigte sich zusätzlich eine Anbindung an die kortikalen Response inhibition processes are important for goal-directed Areale des Salienznetzwerks. Das Muster für SF war für beide behavior and particularly demanded when it is unlikely to inhibit Bedingungen ähnlich und abhängig von der Vergleichsregion; vergli- automatically executed responses. The norepinephrine (NE) system is chen mit LB fand sich erhöhte Konnektivität im ventralen Striatum an important for inhibitory control. Here we ask whether there are und anteriorem Cingulum, wogegen der Vergleich mit CM erhöhte specific functional neuroanatomical structures in humans in which orbitofrontale Konnektivität zeigte. Die Resultate zeigen somit eine these modulatory effects by phasic NE system activity are evident. differentielle funktionelle Einbindung in sensorische, affektive und Moreover, on the basis of theoretical considerations, we propose that kognitive Netzwerke und weisen auf die Notwendigkeit einer differen- modulatory effects of the NE system on inhibitory control processes zierteren Betrachtung der Amygdala-Regionen in funktionellen strongly depend on the likelihood and hence the difficulty to exert Bildgebungsstudien hin. inhibitory control. We show that the NE system modulates inhibitory control processes via theta band activity in the superior frontal gyrus. FR 87 Importantly, this is only the case when the likelihood to inhibit a Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reci- prepotent response tendency is low. When the likelihood to exert procity in the ultimatum game inhibitory control is higher and response inhibition is easier, no modulations are observed. This is probably because the processing Laura Kaltwasser (1), Andrea Hildebrandt (2), Oliver Wilhelm (3), mode used for inhibitory control may not fit to computational princi- Werner Sommer (1) ples of the NE system. The modulations observed may reflect the 1: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; 2: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität encoding of a surprise or a conflict signal. It seems that the NE system Greifswald; 3: Universität Ulm gains and looses relevance to modulate inhibitory control depending The rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) indicates on conditions that determine demands on inhibitory control. negative reciprocity. The model of strong reciprocity claims that negative reciprocity reflects prosociality since the rejecting individual is sacrificing resources in order to punish unfair behavior. However, a recent study found that the rejection rate of unfair offers is linked to

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assertiveness (status defense model). To pursue the question what processing deficits leading to cognitive inflexibility emerges. We drives negative reciprocity, the present study investigated individual hypothesize that inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus differences in the rejection of unfair offers along with their behavioral categorization and integration into a knowledge system underlie and neuronal determinants. We measured fairness preferences and these deficits. We examined N=25 adolescent OCD patients and event-related potentials (ERP) in 200 healthy participants playing a matched healthy controls (HC) in a paradigm manipulating the computerized version of the UG with pictures of unfair and fair importance of the knowledge system to perform task switching. This proposers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) on the behavioral data was done using a paradigm in which task switches were either corroborated both the strong reciprocity and the status defense signaled by visual stimuli, or by working memory processes. This was models of human cooperation: More prosocial but also more assertive combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings and source individuals were more likely to show negative reciprocity by rejecting localization. OCD patients showed increased switch costs in the unfair offers. Experimental ERP results confirmed the feedback memory- as compared to the cue- based block, while HC showed negativity (FN) as a neural signature of fairness processing. Multilevel similar switch costs in both blocks. At the neurophysiological level, SEM of brain-behavior relationships revealed that negative reciprocity these changes in OCD were not reflected by the N2 and P3 reflecting was significantly associated with individual differences in FN ampli- response- associated processes, but by the P1 reflecting inhibitory tudes in response to proposers. Our results confirm stable individual control during sensory categorization processes. Activation differ- differences in fairness processing at the behavioral and neuronal level. ences in the right inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus are associated with the P1-effect. Cognitive flexibility in adolescent FR 88 OCD patients is strongly modulated by working memory load. Modulations of cognitive flexibility in obsessive compulsive Contrary to common sense, not response-associated processes, but disorder reflect dysfunctions of perceptual categorization inhibitory control mechanisms during early stimulus categorization processes associated with right inferior frontal and superior temporal Nicole Wolff, Veit Roessner, Christian Beste gyrus mechanisms are likely to underlie cognitive inflexibility in OCD. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany

Despite cognitive inflexibility is trait-like in OCD patients and underlies clinical symptomatology it is elusive at what stage of information

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POSTERBLITZ DER JUNGWISSEN- however, postulates that memories undergo a transformation from detailed, episodic to gist-like, semantic representations that can be SCHAFTLER 2017 retrieved solely from the neocortex, whereas the detailed episodic memories would always remain hippocampus-dependent. This experiment contrasted these views and tested the transformation of Decoding retrieval success and memory content episodic memories as well as the neural changes associated with the during short-term memory maintenance temporal dynamics of memory. Participants encoded pictures and performed a recognition test in the MRI scanner either 1 day or 28 Monika Schönauer1 , Sarah Alizadeh1 , Hamidreza Jamalabadi1 , days later. Critically, the recognition test contained, in addition to the 1 Mirjam Emmersberger2 , Steffen Gais original and entirely novel pictures, similar pictures carrying the gist of 1: Universität Tübingen, Deutschland; 2: LMU München, Deutschland the original ones, thus allowing us to assess the specificity of memory. Overall, memory performance after 28d was reduced In his search for the physical substrate of long-term memory in the compared to 1d but was still mainly intact. Twenty-eight day old brain, Semon proposed that, apart from coding the particular content memories, however, were characterized by a striking lack of specificity of a learning episode, an engram should enable correct memory reflected in a significantly elevated false alarm rate specifically for retrieval. Using multivariate pattern classification, we tested whether similar pictures, thus suggesting a transformation to more gist-like electrical brain activity recorded during short-term memory mainte- memories. Imaging data showed significantly reduced hippocampus nance satisfies these conditions, and where identified short-term and entorhinal cortex activity after 28d (vs. 1d), whereas activity in memory representations reside. In our experiment, participants most neocortical regions of interest did not differ. Multivariate learned two short-term memory tasks, encoding either pictures of imaging analyses targeting the hippocampal and neocortical repre- faces or houses, or sequences of digits or letters. Brain activity was sentation recorded using EEG. It was possible to decode retrieval success from electrical brain activity during the delay period of both short-term memory tasks. Moreover, we could distinguish whether participants kept pictures of faces or houses in memory, and classifier perfor- Memoria ex Machina: Real memory from virtual mance on this problem correlated with successful memory mainte- reality – An EEG study nance. Using spatial as well as frequency band-based searchlight analyses, we found that distinct brain areas and frequency bands Benjamin Schöne , Marlene Wessels , Thomas Gruber coded for the success versus the content of short-term memory. Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland

Frontal and parietal higher frequency bands and alpha activity ‘Real-life’ autobiographical memory is characterized by self- predicted retrieval success, whereas memory content was represent- involvement and rich associative mnemonic networks. Concerns have ed in temporal and parietal higher frequency ranges, as well as theta been raised that conventional ‘laboratory memory’ differs from these activity. We propose that frontal cortex supports memory-related vivid experiences. We addressed these concerns by comparing control processes, whereas temporal cortex shows a sensory retrieval-related EEG-indices of both forms of memory. Furthermore, reinstatement of material content and is part of the wider activated we aimed at bridging the gap between both types of remembrance by network during memory retention. Interestingly, the only overlap adding a virtual reality (VR) encoding condition. Participants took between electrodes coding for retrieval success and memory content either part in a (a) real car drive, were confronted with a (b) 360° VR, was found over medial parietal regions, indicating that a dedicated or (c) a 2D video of the same ride. An unannounced recognition short-term memory representation resides in medial posterior cortex. memory task followed 48 hours after encoding. ERPs revealed that the retrieval of real-life and VR experiences is processed similarly, whereas both differ from the retrieval of conventional laboratory- Imaging memory transformation: neural signature of events. Within the 2D condition, we replicated a central N400 detailed and gist-like memories of recent and re- memory-related effect (hit vs. miss). Remarkably, no such effect was observed within the real or the VR condition. However, these condi- mote events tions elicited comparable differences at frontal electrodes in the same Lisa Dandolo , Lars Schwabe latency when comparing the ERPs to old and new items. Our study provides evidence that the central N400 effect only occurs under Universität Hamburg, Deutschland laboratory conditions. It might be a result of shallow, familiarity- Over time, memories undergo a neural reorganization. Yet the exact related processes and reflect real-life cognition only to a limited nature of this reorganization is still debated. According to the Stand- extent. Conversely, the higher degree of self-involvement in the real ard Consolidation Theory, memories are gradually consolidated from and the VR condition allowed for an autobiographical decision. The the hippocampus to the neocortex until they are ultimately independ- similarity between these two conditions makes VR a promising tool ent of the hippocampus. The Memory Transformation Hypothesis, for future studies with enhanced ecological validity.

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situations for which this assumption does not hold. To demonstrate this, we focussed on recent findings (Braver, Gray & Burgess, 2007) Neuromodulation as a tool to induce olfactory and suggesting that cognitive control operates in two distinct modes. The auditory source-monitoring deficits in healthy sub- first, proactive control, is resource costly and preparatory. The second, jects reactive control, is flexible and allows corrective behavioural adaption. We believe that these processes achieve balance in accordance to Marcel Leclerc1,2 , Jessica Freiherr1,6 , Lena Hofhansel1,2 , Benjamin task demands and are optimised over time. Further, we believe that Clemens1,2 , Michael Nitsche3,4 , Roy H. Hamilton5 , Ute Habel1,2 , these processes are best represented by the magnitude of fronto- Christina Regenbogen1,2 central (e.g. CNV) and fronto-parietal (e.g. P3) brain potentials (i.e. 1: Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland; 2: JARA –Translational Brain ERPs). Method: EEG from 60 participants was recorded during a Medicine, RWTH Aachen University & Research Centre Jülich; 3: Leibniz Continuous Performance Task. Here, participants needed to establish Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, stable proactive control based on the predictive value of cues. Germany.; 4: University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germa- Conversely, reactive control was necessary when these predictions ny; 5: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 6: Fraunhofer were violated. Further, we combine spline regression and multilevel Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany modelling (MLM) to illustrate the relationship between ERPs and the predictors (e.g. predictability, expectancy violation, and time on task). Source-monitoring describes the process of determining the source of Results: Activation patterns for the preparatory and reactive control a percept as external (e.g. a sound, or smell), or internal (an imagined modes differed significantly, as well as their (curvilinear) modulations self-generated sound, or smell). Source-monitoring is affected by the through time. Discussion: Results indicate that non-linear MLM offers similarity of perceived and imagined memories, with (pre-) supple- new insights into the modelling of EEG-data. We discuss its ad- mentary motor area (SMA) having a crucial role in distinguishing vantages in terms of incremental validity, goodness of fit and statisti- between the two sources. In this study, we aim to inhibit the func- cal power. tionality of (pre-) SMA using cathodal (and sham) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a group of healthy participants. By tDCS- induced transient neuromodulation we hope to introduce source- monitoring deficits in a source-monitoring task involving auditory (i.e. I want to sleep better: Effects of voluntary control spoken words) and olfactory (i.e. smells) stimuli that are presented to on objective sleep parameters the participant. We expect to find decreased SMA BOLD activation after cathodal tDCS application as well as behavioral indicators of Selina Ladina Combertaldi , Björn Rasch source-monitoring deficits (i.e. ascribing the wrong source to a Universität Freiburg, Schweiz stimulus). A better understanding of the role of (pre-) SMA in the Sleep is mainly regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors, and source-monitoring framework may enable to explain (and treat) sleep disturbances are typically treated by pharmacological interven- hallucinations experienced by clinical populations, in which source- tions. However, a large portion of non-organic sleep disturbances are monitoring is known to be heavily compromised (i.e. paranoid schizo- caused by psychological factors including worrying, perceived pro- phrenia). Preliminary results suggest successful down-modulation of spective threats and negative recurrent thoughts, suggesting that (pre-) SMA, as indicated by reduced levels of BOLD activation in sleep is strongly influenced by cognitive and affective mechanisms. In participants that received 2mA of cathodal tDCS for 20min compared support of this notion, we have recently shown the duration of to a sham control group. These findings are supported by behavioral objectively measured slow-wave sleep (SWS) can be extended by results that show a trend towards decreased source-monitoring using hypnotic suggestions to sleep deeper. Here we aim at testing performance of the tDCS group across both modalities. This suggests whether healthy participants are capable of voluntarily influencing (pre-) SMA to be a promising candidate region within a sourcemoni- objective sleep parameters even without hypnosis. We predict that toring network, that if impaired, leads to general source-monitoring participants can voluntarily worsen but not improve their sleep as deficits. compared to a normal sleep condition. 18 healthy young volunteers participated in one adaptation night and three experimental nights. All nights were done on the same weekday with an interval of one week. The time course of cognitive control: New insights Polysomnography and subjective sleep quality was measured during under relaxed linearity assumptions. all four nights. In the three experimental nights, participants either had to sleep ‘normal’, worse than normal or better than normal, in a José C. García Alanis , Martin Peper balanced order. The results show that the subjective and objective Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschland sleep onset latency as well as the time spent awake after sleep onset could be significantly altered. In a same direction changed the Objective: The relationship between predictor variables and brain parameters slow wave sleep and total sleep time, which showed a activity is often assumed to be linear. However, there exist many significant increase. The results demonstrate that it is possible to

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influence sleep voluntarily. Findings show a first answer to the Task (VISTA) participants initiate 30 short conversations by selecting question if sleep is influenceable within one´s mean. one of the four predefined opening sentences. Two computerized interlocutors respond to the opening sentence with mostly negative comments and rejections towards the participant. This approach Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative induces feelings of social rejection and thereby social stress in the participants. The stress response is measured during and after the reciprocity in the ultimatum game social stressor in 30 male and female first year students. Validation Laura Kaltwasser1 , Andrea Hildebrandt2 , Oliver Wilhelm3 , Werner took place via multiple cortisol assays acquired via saliva samples, Sommer1 heart rate measurements and questionnaires for subjective measures of stress. We hypothesized that the VISTA leads to elevated release of 1: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; 2: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität cortisol, an increase in heart rate as well as increased level of experi- Greifswald; 3: Universität Ulm enced stress and that these effects are larger in women than in men. The rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) indicates During the VISTA heart rate was increased and positive mood negative reciprocity. The model of strong reciprocity claims that decreased over time for both genders. Cortisol assays are currently negative reciprocity reflects prosociality since the rejecting individual assessed in the laboratory. With a realistic implementation of verbal, is sacrificing resources in order to punish unfair behavior. However, a interactive and social components, the MRI compatible VISTA will fill recent study found that the rejection rate of unfair offers is linked to an open niche in social stress research. assertiveness (status defense model). To pursue the question what drives negative reciprocity, the present study investigated individual differences in the rejection of unfair offers along with their behavioral NRSN1 associated grey matter volume of the visual and neuronal determinants. We measured fairness preferences and event-related potentials (ERP) in 200 healthy participants playing a word form area reveals dyslexia before school computerized version of the UG with pictures of unfair and fair Michael Skeide1 , Indra Kraft1 , Bent Müller2 , Gesa Schaadt1,3 , Nicole proposers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) on the behavioral data Neef1 , Jens Brauer1 , Arndt Wilcke , Holger Kirsten2,4 , Johannes corroborated both the strong reciprocity and the status defense Boltze2,5 , Angela Friederici1 models of human cooperation: More prosocial but also more assertive 1: Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften; 2: individuals were more likely to show negative reciprocity by rejecting Fraunhofer Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie; 3: Humboldt- unfair offers. Experimental ERP results confirmed the feedback Universität zu Berlin; 4: Universität Leipzig; 5: Universität Lübeck negativity (FN) as a neural signature of fairness processing. Multilevel SEM of brainbehavior relationships revealed that negative reciprocity Learning how to read and spell requires the brain to reorganize in was significantly associated with individual differences in FN ampli- response to environmental influences. At the same time, literacy skills tudes in response to proposers. Our results confirm stable individual are heritable and thus to some degree genetically predetermined. differences in fairness processing at the behavioral and neuronal level. Here we related 19 literacy-associated genes to gray and white matter volumes derived by voxel-based morphometry in a cohort of 141 children ranging from 3 to 12 years of age. Subsequently, a The Verbal Interaction Stress Task: a new paradigm sample of 34 children attending grades 4 to 8, and another sample of 20 children, longitudinally followed from kindergarten to first grade, implementing verbal, interactive and social compo- was separated into dyslexics and controls using linear binary support nents for investigating the effects of social rejection vector machines. Age, gender, handedness, non-verbal IQ and on psychosocial stress. parental education were included as covariates of no interest in the models. The gray matter volume of the "visual word form area" Sanne Tops1 , Ute Habel1,2 , Birgit Derntl3 , Sina Radke1,2 (VWFA) was found to be related to NRSN1, a gene assumed to 1: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical regulate neurite growth. Moreover, the NRSN1-associated cluster in Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany; 2: Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) the VWFA distinguished dyslexics and controls not only after several - BRAIN Institute I, Jülich/Aachen, Germany; 3: Department of Psychiatry years of schooling (classification accuracy: 73.53%, p = 0.031, family- and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany wise error-corrected), but also already at a kindergarten age before literacy instruction had actually begun (classification accuracy: 75%, p In recent years, digital communication and social media have taken an = 0.035, family-wise error-corrected). These findings (published in the indispensable role in human society. Social interactions are no longer journal Brain) shed new light on the "nature and nurture" of literacy bound to real-life encounters, but more often happen from behind a acquisition. We have shown that there seems to be a genetic limit to screen. In this behavioral study we developed and validated a new, the neuroplastic adaptivity of the VWFA. These results could pave the MRI compatible, social stress paradigm in which we mimicked an way for identifying and treating dyslexia (the most common learning online communication platform. During the Verbal Interaction Stress disorder) before it manifests itself in school.

122 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Dermatomal Organization of SI Leg Representation in Humans: Revising the Somatosensory Homuncu- lus

Caroline Dietrich1 , Kathrin Blume1 , Marcel Franz1 , Ralph Huonker2 , Maria Carl1 , Sandra Preißler1 , Gunther Hofmann3,4 , Wolfgang Miltner1 , Thomas Weiss1 1: FSU Jena, Deutschland; 2: Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, University Hospital Jena, Jena; 3: Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle/Saale; 4: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena

Penfield and Rasmussen‖s homunculus is the valid map of the neural body representation of nearly each textbook of biology, physiology, and neuroscience. The somatosensory homunculus places the foot representation on the mesial surface of the postcentral gyrus followed by the representations of the lower leg and the thigh in superio-lateral direction. However, this strong homuncular organiza- tion contradicts the dermatomal organization of spinal nerves. We used somatosensory evoked magnetic fields and source analysis to study the leg‖s neural representation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in 18 healthy subjects. We show that the representation of the back of the thigh is located inferior to the foot‖s representation in SI whereas the front of the thigh is located laterally to the foot‖s representation. This observation indicates that the localization of the leg in SI rather follows the dermatomal organization of spinal nerves than the typical map of neighboring body parts as depicted in Penfield and Rasmussen‖s illustration of the somatosensory homunculus. Therefore, there is a need to revise the Penfield maps with respect to specific aspects of the leg's representation.

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PERSONENVERZEICHNIS Benke, Christoph ...... 98, 105 A Bensmann, Wiebke ...... 114 Abdulkadir, Ahmed ...... 76 Berdica, Elisa ...... 106 Adelhöfer, Nico ...... 117 Bergmann, Til Ole ...... 12 Agorastos, Agorastos ...... 67 Bergs, Rene ...... 47 Aguilar-Raab, Corina ...... 107 Bernhardt, Nadine ...... 100 Alius, Manuela ...... 98 Berti, Stefan ...... 61 Alizadeh, Sarah ...... 64, 119 Bertsch, Katja ...... 10, 11, 43 Alpers, Georg ...... 45, 84, 106 Best, Daniel ...... 30, 31, 84, 87 Anacker, Kristin ...... 27 Best, Eva ...... 8 Andreatta, Marta ...... 51 Beste, Christian .... 56, 58, 59, 60, 74, 77, 87, Antonenko, Daria ...... 12, 13 89, 92, 93, 105, 106, 109, 117, 118 Antov, Martin I...... 78, 107 Beucke, Jan ...... 85 Arcq, Silvia...... 106 Bierwirth, Philipp ...... 78, 107 Armbruster, Diana ...... 39 Bilek, Edda ...... 9 Arnau, Stefan ...... 26, 61 Binder, Elisabeth B...... 82 Axelsson, John...... 47 Binder, Ellen ...... 79 Axmacher, Nikolai ...... 66 Binz, Tina ...... 49 Birbaumer, Niels ...... 105 Bledowski, Christoph ...... 25, 70 B Bleichner, Martin ...... 31, 32 Blume, Kathrin ...... 110, 122 Bachmann, Petra ...... 30, 84, 113, 116 Blumenthal, Terry D...... 2 Bamert, Vera ...... 10 Bluschke, Annet ...... 59, 109 Barth, Anna ...... 25, 55, 56 Bodmer, Benjamin ...... 74 Bartling, Jürgen ...... 82 Bogdanov, Mario ...... 88 Barton, Alexander ...... 17 Bohus, Martin ...... 17 Basten, Ulrike ...... 38, 88 Boks, Marco ...... 24 Batra, Anil ...... 53 Bolinger, Elaina ...... 70 Bauernfeind, Günther ...... 101 Boltze, Johannes ...... 69, 121 Baumgartner, Markus ...... 49, 67 Born, Jan ...... 70 Beauchamp, Jonathan...... 47 Bowen, Michael ...... 15 Beck, Jonas ...... 69 Brandt, Moritz ...... 58, 92 Becker, Alena ...... 61, 102 Brauer, Jens ...... 69, 121 Becker, Benjamin ...... 68 Breden, Ion-Hideo...... 112 Becker, Eni S...... 11 Brinkmann, Leonie ...... 67, 99 Becker, Michael ...... 67 Brinkmann, Thorsten A...... 68, 101 Beesdo-Baum, Katja ...... 87 Brodt, Svenja ...... 69 Behrens, Martin ...... 34 Bromberg, Uli ...... 74 Behrje, Andreas ...... 85 Bruchmann, Maximilian ...... 67, 99, 100, 103, Bellebaum, Christian ...... 91 116 Bellingrath, Silja ...... 88 Bruder, Luca ...... 100 Bellucci, Gabriele ...... 9

124 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Bruijn, Ellen de ...... 10 Dieks, Elena ...... 71 Brustkern, Johanna ...... 111 Dieler, Alica C...... 82 Bublatzky, Florian...... 44, 45, 46, 84 Diener, Carsten ...... 102 Bucher, Leandra ...... 86 Dierolf, Angelika ...... 79 Buettner, Andrea ...... 47 Dietrich, Caroline ...... 110, 122 Buff, Christine ...... 67, 99 Dippel, Gabriel ...... 60, 109, 117 Bühlau, Konstantin ...... 11 Ditzen, Beate ...... 9, 10, 107 Buske-Kirschbaum, Angelika ...... 91 Domes, Gregor ...... 14, 15, 16, 29, 30 Buss, Claudia ...... 3, 81, 82 Domingo, Aloysius ...... 60 Dongen, Eelco van ...... 110 C Dörfel, Denise ...... 84 Dresler, Thomas ...... 52 Capito, Eva ...... 58 Dreyer, Thomas ...... 34 Carl, Maria ...... 110, 122 Duan, Hongxia...... 110 Cavalli, Juliana ...... 50 Dyck, Miriam ...... 86 Chakroun, Karima ...... 103 Chiu, Chui-De ...... 17 E Chmielewski, Witold ...... 77, 93, 109 Chmitorz, Andrea ...... 5 Eckart, Cindy ...... 115 Christian, Fiebach...... 5, 38 Eckstein, Monika ...... 9, 10 Clemens, Benjamin ...... 57, 76, 107, 109, 120 Ehlert, Ulrike ...... 10, 57 Colodro Conde, Lucia ...... 49 Ehlis, Ann-Christine ...... 53 Colzato, Lorenza ...... 39 Eichholtz, Annika C...... 90 Combertaldi, Selina Ladina ...... 73, 120 Eickhoff, Simon B ...... 9 Cordi, Maren ...... 66 Eisenbarth, Hedwig ...... 113 Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste ...... 49 Eisenhauer, Susanne ...... 74 Crawford, Andrew A...... 49 Eisner, Frank ...... 103 Czernochowski, Daniela ...... 112 Eisner, Patrick ...... 117 Ekman, Matthias ...... 38, 88 D Elnaga, Jasmin Abou ...... 78 Elzinga, Bernet ...... 17 Dajkic, Danica ...... 56 Emmersberger, Mirjam ...... 64, 119 Dandolo, Lisa ...... 92, 119 Ende, Gabriele ...... 60 Danica Dajkic ...... 56 Endres, Dominik ...... 72 Dannehl, Katharina ...... 19 Enge, Sören ...... 27, 28 Daume, Jonathan ...... 97 Entringer, Sonja ...... 3, 81, 82 Dawans, Bernadette von...... 30, 35, 37, 111 Erb, Michael ...... 69 Debener, Stefan ...... 114 Ettinger, Ulrich ...... 15 Dechant, Martin ...... 97 Euteneuer, Frank ...... 19 Delgado, Rafael ...... 116 Deris, Nadja ...... 39, 40 F Derntl, Birgit...... 5, 6, 34, 104, 115, 121 Deuter, Christian Eric ...... 21 Fairchild, Graeme...... 4

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Fallgatter, Andreas ...... 53 Gerchen, Martin Fungisai ...... 9, 61, 97, 102 Feldhege, Frank ...... 34 Gerdes, Antje BM...... 106 Feldker, Katharina ...... 99 Gerloff, Christian...... 54 Fellner, Marie-Christin ...... 66 Getzmann, Stephan ...... 26, 104, 106 Felten, Andrea ...... 23, 24, 39, 40 Geuze, Elbert ...... 24 Feng, Chunliang ...... 9 Gibbons, Henning ...... 62, 65, 89, 90 Fenske, Sabrina ...... 8, 93 Gillespie, Nathan...... 49 Fernández, Guillén ...... 110 Gilmore, John ...... 3 Fernández-Santaella, M.Carmen...... 116 Gläscher, Jan ...... 88 Ferreira de Sá, Diana S...... 23 Golm, Dennis ...... 3, 4 Fiebach, Christian...... 74, 88, 115 Gräbener, Alexandra ...... 22 Figueiredo, Roja Palma de ...... 86 Graetz, Sebastian ...... 97 Fink, Gereon R...... 79 Grage, Tobias ...... 39 Finke, Johannes ...... 31, 84, 109 Gramann, Klaus...... 96 Fischbacher, Urs ...... 37, 75 Granowski, Maryvonne ...... 86 Fischer, Cora ...... 70 Grant, Phillip ...... 108 Flatten, Guido ...... 86 Greimel, Ellen ...... 82 Fleischer, Juliane ...... 18 Grigutsch, Laura Anne ...... 75 Fleischhauer, Monika ...... 27 Groot, Jasper de ...... 46 Flor, Herta ...... 2, 50, 102 Gruber, Thomas ..... 71, 85, 97, 102, 116, 119 Forstner, Andreas J...... 49 Grünhage, Thomas ...... 71 Frank, Josef ...... 49 Guerra, Pedro ...... 45 Frank-Podlech, Sabine ...... 80 Guerra, Pedro M...... 46, 116 Franz, Marcel ...... 99, 110, 122 Guleria, Anupam ...... 103 Freiherr, Jessica ...... 46, 47, 48, 57, 120 Günther, Johanna ...... 72 Friederici, Angela ...... 69, 121 Gur, Ruben ...... 6 Friedrich, Julia ...... 59 Güth, Malte R...... 83 Friehs, Maximilian ...... 68 Frings, Christian ...... 68, 101 H Frischkorn, Gidon T...... 62, 115 Haaker, Jan ...... 34, 35 G Habel, Ute ... 5, 47, 57, 76, 77, 104, 107, 109, 120, 121 Gabriele, Bellucci ...... 9 Habich, Annegret ...... 76 Gagl, Benjamin ...... 74, 115 Haeussinger, Florian ...... 53 Gais, Steffen ...... 64, 69, 97, 119 Hagelweide, Klara ...... 79 Gamer, Matthias ...... 35, 38, 89 Hagemann, Dirk ...... 62, 115 Ganzer, Florian ...... 103 Hallschmid, Manfred ...... 105 García Alanis, José C...... 83, 120 Hamacher-Dang, Tanja C...... 69 Gärtner, Anne ...... 27, 28 Hamilton, Roy H...... 57, 120 Gartner, Kim...... 98 Hamm, Alfons ...... 34, 98, 105 Gathmann, Bettina...... 103 Hampe, Jochen ...... 92 Gehke, Lukas ...... 96 Hänggi, Jürgen ...... 112 Georgiou, Eleana ...... 42 Hansell, Narelle K...... 49

126 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Hartwigsen, Gesa ...... 12, 13 I Hass, Joachim ...... 73, 111 Haussmann, Alexander ...... 20 Itz, Marlena L...... 44 Hecht, Holger ...... 96 Heib, Dominik ...... 97 J Heim, Christine ...... 81, 82 Heinrichs, Markus ..... 11, 14, 15, 16, 37, 110, Jamalabadi, Hamidreza ...... 64, 119 111 Jansen, Andreas ...... 78 Heintschel von Heinegg, Evelyn ...... 56 Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine ...... 7 Heinz, Andreas ...... 100 Jens, Prüssner ...... 17 Heitmann, Carina Y...... 99 Joëls, Marian ...... 24 Hennig, Jürgen ...... 108 Jung, Sonja ...... 95 Henze, Gina-Isabelle ...... 65 Junge, Martin ...... 34 Herbert, Cornelia ...... 44, 45 Juravle, Georgiana ...... 36 Herdener, Marcus ...... 112 Herholz, Peer ...... 83 Hermann, Andrea ...... 35, 36, 76, 80 K Hernández-Rivero, Isabel ...... 116 Kahn, René ...... 24 Herpertz, Sabine ...... 11, 43 Kaiser, Jochen ...... 25, 70 Herrmann, Christoph ...... 12 Kalenscher, Tobias ...... 7, 8 Herrmann, Martin ...... 52, 53, 67, 99 Kalinowski, Grit ...... 109 Hertel, Elizabeth...... 96 Kalisch, Raffael ...... 3, 5 Hewig, Johannes ...... 28, 71, 98 Kaltwasser, Laura ...... 117, 121 Hickie, Ian B...... 49 Kampa, Miriam ...... 5 Hildebrandt, Andrea ...... 117, 121 Kanat, Manuela ...... 16 Hilger, Kirsten ...... 88 Kanthak, Magdalena ...... 56, 87, 91 Hiltl, Tanja Julia ...... 65 Karthaus, Melanie ...... 106 Himmer, Lea ...... 97 Kärtner, Joscha ...... 116 Hirsiger, Sarah ...... 112 Kasten, Florian ...... 12 Hofhansel, Lena ...... 57, 76, 107, 120 Kathmann, Norbert ...... 85 Hofmann, Gunther ...... 110, 122 Katzorke, Andrea ...... 53 Hofmann, Stefan G...... 37 Kaufmann, Christian ...... 85 Holst, Kristina ...... 29 Kaufmann, Jürgen M...... 44 Hoppe, Katharina ...... 95 Kavcioglu, Fatih Cemil ...... 84 Horn-Hofmann, Claudia ...... 58, 98 Ketterer, Nadine ...... 42 Horst, Anna K...... 53 Kiefer, Falk ...... 61, 102 Huettig, Falk ...... 103 Kinner, Valerie L...... 18 Hülsemann, Mareike Johanna ...... 66 Kirsch, Martina...... 61, 102 Hummel, Elisabeth ...... 19 Kirsch, Peter ...... 8, 9, 15, 39, 61, 73, 93, 97, Hummel, Friedhelm C...... 88 102, 111 Huonker, Ralph ...... 110, 122 Kirschbaum, Clemens ...... 37, 56, 87, 91 Hütcher, Sophie ...... 96 Kirschner, Matthias ...... 112 Kirsten, Holger ...... 69, 121

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Kisker, Joanna ...... 71 L Klaasman, Roos ...... 80 Klasen, Martin ...... 86, 117 Lachmann, Bernd ...... 95 Klatt, Laura-Isabelle ...... 104 Lachmann, Thomas ...... 112 Kleih, Sonja ...... 86 Lange, Wolf-Gero ...... 10, 11 Klein, Christine ...... 60 Langer, Melissa ...... 113 Klein, Sanja ...... 111 Larra, Mauro F...... 30, 84, 85, 113, 116 Kleinert, Tobias ...... 75 Lasselin, Julie ...... 47 Klöppel, Stefan ...... 76 Lass-Hennemann, Johanna ...... 21, 22 Klucken, Tim ...... 70, 81, 111, 112 Lautenbacher, Stefan ...... 58, 72, 98, 108 Kluen, Lisa Marieke ...... 67 Leclerc, Marcel ...... 57, 76, 120 Kobelt, Malte ...... 66 Lee, Lillian ...... 60 Koch, Klaus Peter ...... 84, 113 Lekander, Mats ...... 47 Koenig, Julian ...... 31 León, Isabell Tapia ...... 81, 111, 112 Kogler, Lydia ...... 6 Lesch, Klaus-Peter ...... 27, 28, 39, 98 Kohl, Simon Huldreich ...... 105 Leupoldt, Andreas von ...... 36 Köhling, Hedda-Luise ...... 56 Lieb, Klaus ...... 5 Kohn, Nils ...... 47, 77, 110 Lipzig, Tim Van ...... 68 Kolbenschlag, Christina ...... 43 Lis, Stefanie ...... 17 Konrad, Kerstin ...... 54 Lischke, Alexander ...... 33, 34 Konzok, Julian ...... 109 Lobatcheva, Maria ...... 74 Koppehele-Gossel, Judith...... 89, 90 Löble, Sophia ...... 53 Koranyi, Nicolas ...... 75 Löffler, Leonie ...... 5 Kornysheva, Katja ...... 79 Lonsdorf, Tina B...... 51 Köster, Moritz ...... 85, 116 Loos, Helene ...... 47 Kraft, Indra ...... 69, 121 Ludowicy, Petra ...... 112 Krause, Elischa ...... 105 Lundström, Johan N ...... 47 Krause-Utz, Annegret ...... 16, 17 Lutz, Beat ...... 5 Kroczek, Agnes ...... 53 Luykx, Jurjen ...... 24 Kroemer, Nils B...... 100 Kröncke, Lara ...... 65 M Krueger, Frank...... 7, 9 Kruse, Onno ...... 36, 70, 81, 111, 112 Mackes, Nuria ...... 3, 4 Kübler, Andrea ...... 86 Mai, Sandra ...... 42 Kudielka, Brigitte M...... 65, 113 Malekshahi, Rahim ...... 105 Kuehner, Christine ...... 97, 102 Markett, Sebastian ...... 40, 62, 83, 95 Kühl, Linn ...... 21 Markus, Hofmann ...... 86 Kuitunen-Paul, Sören ...... 100 Martin, Nicholas G...... 49 Kumar, Uttam ...... 103 Mathiak, Klaus ...... 86, 117 Kummer, Kilian ...... 58 Mau-Moeller, Anett ...... 34 Kumsta, Robert ...... 3, 4, 19, 48, 49 McAloney, Kerrie ...... 49 Küper, Kristina...... 61, 95 McGrath, John ...... 49 Kuper, Niclas ...... 65 McGregor, Iain ...... 15 Kurz, Eva-Maria ...... 101 Medland, Sarah E...... 49

128 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Mehta, Mitul ...... 4 N Meier, Jacqueline ...... 91, 99 Melchers, Martin ...... 39, 40 Nater, Urs M...... 20 Melzer, Nico ...... 99 Naumann, Ewald ...... 57, 96, 99 Mena, Teresa ...... 46 Nebe, Stephan ...... 100 Menke, Saskia ...... 77 Neef, Nicole ...... 69, 121 Mertes, Christine ...... 90 Nees, Frauke ...... 48, 50 Merz, Christian ...... 18, 52 Neudert, Marie Kristin ...... 36, 76, 80 Merz, Christian J...... 18, 51, 55, 90 Neumann, Inga ...... 15 Metz,Sophie ...... 16 Neumeister, Paula ...... 99 Metzger, Silvia ...... 108 Ng, Arlene ...... 60 Meyer, Ernst Peter ...... 87 Nitsche, Michael ...... 57, 76, 107, 120 Meyer, Jobst ...... 91 Noack, Hannes ...... 115 Miccoli, Laura ...... 116 Noser, Emilou ...... 57 Michael, Tanja ...... 22, 23 Nöthen, Markus M...... 49 Mier, Daniela ...... 7, 8, 15, 73, 93, 111 Nunez, Michael D...... 62 Miller, Robert ...... 87 Miltner, Wolfgang ...... 57, 96, 99, 110, 116 O Mishra, Ramesh ...... 103 Molapour, Tanaz ...... 35 Ohmann, Hanno Andreas ...... 65 Möll, Mira S...... 53 Oliver, Tüscher ...... 5 Mönig, Constanze ...... 99 Olsson, Andreas ...... 35 Montag, Christian ...... 40, 83, 95, 109 Olsson, Mats J ...... 47 Monzer, Nelly ...... 43 Osinsky, Roman ...... 27, 28, 29, 96, 98 Moog, Nora ...... 3, 81 Otte, Christian...... 18, 21 Morato, Cristina ...... 46 Morawetz, Carmen ...... 5, 6 Moser, Dirk ...... 18, 19 P Mothes-Lasch, Martin ...... 116 Pabst, Kathrin ...... 91 Mückschel, Moritz 59, 60, 74, 77, 92, 93, 117 Pacharra, Marlene ...... 114 Mueller, Erik M...... 72 Pane-Farre, Christiane ...... 98, 105 Mühlberger, Andreas ...... 97, 113, 114 Paret, Christian ...... 5, 7, 60 Müller, Bent ...... 69, 121 Paschke, Lena ...... 84 Müller, Laura ...... 11, 43 Pastötter, Bernhard ...... 101 Müller, Mathias...... 71 Paul, Marcus ...... 91 Müller, Veronika Maria ...... 104 Pedro, Guerra ...... 46 Müller-Bardorff, Miriam ...... 116 Pelzer, Esther ...... 79 Müller-Putz, Gernot ...... 101 Penz, Marlene ...... 56, 87, 91 Münchau, Alexander ...... 60 Peper, Martin ...... 83, 120 Munk, Aisha ...... 108 Peter, Jessica...... 76 Mussel, Patrick ...... 27, 28 Peter, Moa G ...... 47 Mutic, Smiljana ...... 48 Peters, Benjamin ...... 25, 70 Peters, Jan...... 74, 100, 103

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Peters, Madelon...... 72 Reuter, Martin ...... 23, 24, 38, 39, 40, 71, 83 Petruo, Vanessa ...... 92, 93 Reutter, Mario ...... 98 Pfaller, Michael ...... 114 Riecke, Lars ...... 32 Pfattheicher, Stefan ...... 62 Rief, Winfried ...... 19 Pichler, Gerald ...... 101 Rietschel, Liz ...... 49 Platt, Belinda ...... 81, 82 Rietschel, Marcella ...... 49, 50 Plieger, Thomas ...... 24, 39, 40, 71 Rihm, Julia ...... 100 Pohlack, Sebastian ...... 50 Rodrigues, Johannes ...... 71 Polak, Thomas ...... 53 Rodriguez-Raecke, Rea ...... 46, 47 Poliakov, Bogomil...... 108 Rodríguez-Ruiz, Sonia ...... 116 Pollatos, Olga ...... 42 Roelofs, Karin ...... 11 Pomrehn, Dennis ...... 79 Roessner, Veit ...... 74, 118 Porada, Danja K ...... 47 Röhrig, Daniela ...... 113 Preissl, Hubert ...... 80, 105 Rosales, Raymond ...... 60 Preißler, Sandra ...... 110, 122 Rosemann, Stephanie ...... 62 Preller, Katrin H...... 112 Rosenbaum, David ...... 53 Provencal, Nadine ...... 82 Rost, Silke ...... 41 Prüssner, Jens ...... 2, 16, 17 Roth, Marie ...... 103 Prüssner, Jens...... 65 Rothe, Nicole ...... 87 Pützer, Anika ...... 55 Rothermund, Klaus ...... 75 Rubo, Marius ...... 38 Q Rückert, Ellen ...... 110 Rueber, Theodor ...... 83 Quednow, Boris ...... 67, 112 Ruf, Matthias ...... 60 Quervain, Dominique J.-F. de ...... 22, 24 Ruissen, Margit ...... 10 Quirin, Markus ...... 78 Runge, Yannick...... 99 Ruppen, Jessica ...... 57 Rutten, Bart ...... 24 R Ruttorf, Michaela ...... 50 Radke, Sina ...... 5, 10, 33, 34, 104, 121 Radtke, Elise L...... 78 S Rahm, Benjamin ...... 25 Raine, Adrian...... 76 Sach, Mareike ...... 27 Rasch, Björn ...... 66, 73, 120 Salemink, Elske ...... 81 Rasmussen, Jerod ...... 3 Samsouris, Christos ...... 97 Rebeck, Dagmar ...... 84, 113 Sänger, Jessica ...... 104 Regenbogen, Christina .... 46, 47, 57, 76, 107, Sariyska, Rayna ...... 95 120 Sarkar, Sagari ...... 4 Rehbein, Maimu...... 103 Sarkheil, Pegah ...... 86 Reicherts, Philipp ...... 36 Sassenhagen, Jona ...... 115 Reif, Andreas ...... 5, 27, 28 Satterthwaite, Ted ...... 5 Reindl, Vanessa ...... 54 Sauer, Carina ...... 15 Reinhard, Julia ...... 52 Sayk, Clara...... 91 Schaadt, Gesa ...... 69, 121

130 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Schaan, Violetta ...... 42 Schwabe, Lars ...... 23, 67, 88, 92, 119 Schäble, Sandra ...... 8 Schweinberger, Stefan R...... 44 Schabus, Manuel ...... 97 Sebastian, Alexandra ...... 5 Schächinger, Hartmut .... 29, 30, 31, 84, 85, Sebold, Miriam ...... 100 87, 109, 113, 116 Seib-Pfeifer, Laura-Effi ...... 90 Schacht, Annekathrin ...... 44 Seifritz, Erich ...... 67 Scharke, Wolfgang ...... 54 Seitz, Nils ...... 34 Scharmüller, Wilfried ...... 101 Sfärlea, Anca ...... 81, 82 Schedlowski, Manfred...... 19 Shiban, Youssef ...... 97 Schick, Anita ...... 5 Shin, Lisa ...... 85 Schienle, Anne ...... 101 Siegmann, Eva ...... 98 Schijven, Dick ...... 24 Sijben, Rik ...... 47 Schilbach, Leonhard ...... 100 Sindermann, Cornelia ...... 95 Schiller, Bastian ...... 15, 75, 111 Singer, Marco ...... 47 Schilling, Thomas Michael ...... 87 Singh, Jay ...... 103 Schippinger, Walter ...... 101 Sistemich, Viola ...... 96 Schloßmacher, Insa ...... 100 Siswandari, Yohana ...... 68 Schmahl, Christian ...... 7, 17, 60 Skeide, Michael ...... 69, 103, 121 Schmelz, Renate ...... 92 Smolka, Michael N...... 100 Schmidt, Barbara ...... 57 Sommer, Jens ...... 83 Schmidt, Stephanie ...... 8, 15, 73, 97, 111 Sommer, Werner ...... 117, 121 Schmitz, Anja ...... 113 Sonderfeld, Melina ...... 117 Schneider, Daniel ...... 25, 26, 55, 56, 90, 104 Sonuga-Barke, Edmund ...... 4 Schneider, Frank ...... 5, 6, 47 Soravia, Leila Maria ...... 22 Schneider, Isabella ...... 77 Sorger, Bettina ...... 32 Schnuerch, Robert ...... 62, 65, 89, 90 Spanagel, Rainer ...... 15 Schönauer, Monika ...... 64, 69, 97, 119 Spengler, Franny ...... 14 Schöne, Benjamin ...... 71, 102, 119 Spenthof, Ines ...... 16 Schönfeld, Lisa-Maria ...... 8 Spetter, Maartje S...... 105 Schote-Frese, Andrea ...... 91 Spinhoven, Philip ...... 17 Schreiter, Marie Luise ...... 64 Spitzer, Carsten ...... 21 Schrempf, Wiebke ...... 58, 92 Splittgerber, Hanna ...... 24 Schriener, Friederike ...... 17 Springer, Romy ...... 98 Schröder, Annette ...... 42 Stächele, Tobias ...... 110 Schröder, Olga ...... 99 Stahl, Jutta ...... 58, 65, 68 Schubert, Anna-Lena ...... 62, 115 Stalder, Tobias ...... 81, 91, 112 Schubotz, Ricarda I...... 79 Stark, Rudolf ...... 36, 70, 76, 80, 81, 111, 112 Schulte-Körne, Gerd ...... 81, 82 Steiger-White, Frauke ...... 50 Schultz, Heidrun ...... 100 Steimke, Rosa ...... 84 Schulz, André ...... 41, 42, 78 Stein, Murray ...... 24 Schulze, Thomas G ...... 49 Steinhilber, Barbara ...... 107 Schür, Remmelt Rudolf ...... 24 Stelzel, Christine ...... 84 Schuster, Jacqueline...... 59 Stock, Ann-Kathrin .... 56, 58, 87, 89, 92, 105, Schwab, Daniela ...... 101 106

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Stock, Lisa-Marie ...... 55 Urschler, David F...... 65 Stockhausen, Lisa von ...... 88 Stockhorst, Ursula ...... 78, 107 V Stoffel, Martin ...... 107 Stolz, Christopher...... 72 Veit, Ralf ...... 105 Stößel, Gabriela ...... 9 Veldink, Jan ...... 24 Strahler, Jana ...... 18, 20, 70 Verhoeven, Aukje ...... 80 Straube, Thomas ...... 67, 99, 100, 103, 116 Vermetten, Eric ...... 24 Streit, Fabian ...... 30, 48, 49, 50 Vinkers, Christiaan ...... 24 Strobel, Alexander ...... 27, 28, 39 Vögele, Claus ...... 41, 42 Strobel, Anja ...... 27 Volman, Inge ...... 11 Strohmeier, Daniel ...... 33 Voncken, Marisol ...... 37 Strömel, Cindy ...... 72 Vonmoos, Matthias ...... 67, 112 Styner, Martin ...... 3 Vonolfen, Catharina ...... 99 Subramaniapillai, Sivaniya ...... 102 Votinov, Mikhail ...... 109 Suchan, Boris ...... 91 Vukojevic, Vanja ...... 24 Suchotzki, Kristina ...... 89 Sundelin, Tina ...... 47 Sylvester, Rebecca ...... 71 W Wacker, Jan...... 23, 65 T Wadhwa, Pathik ...... 3, 81 Wagels, Lisa ...... 34, 77, 109 Thayer, Julian F ...... 31 Waldhauser, Gerd T...... 66 Thiel, Christiane ...... 62 Waldvogel, Patricia ...... 57 Thönes, Sven ...... 26 Walker, Brian R...... 49 Timm, Christina ...... 97 Walter, Henrik ...... 84 Timmermann, Jan E...... 88 Walther, Andreas ...... 57, 87, 91 Tittgemeyer, Marc ...... 38, 79 Wascher, Edmund ...... 25, 26, 56, 61, 90, 95, Töllner, Thomas ...... 25, 26 104, 106, 114 Töpfer, Philipp...... 82 Watson, Poppy ...... 80 Tops, Sanne ...... 104, 121 Weber, Bernd ...... 7, 8, 83 Trempler, Ima ...... 84 Wehrum-Osinsky, Sina ...... 70 Trimborn, Nina ...... 79 Weibert, Katja ...... 104 Trimpl, Sabine ...... 97 Weidler, Carmen ...... 76, 107 Tripathi, Viveka ...... 103 Weippert, Matthias ...... 34 Trojan, Jörg ...... 42 Weis, Tina ...... 112 Trüg, Amalie ...... 35, 37 Weiss, Thomas ...... 110, 122 Tupak, Sara ...... 67 Wendt, Julia ...... 34 Wessa, Michèle ...... 5 U Wessels, Marlene ...... 71, 102, 119 Weymar, Mathias ...... 34 Ubl, Bettina ...... 102 Wiedemann, Klaus ...... 67 Ulrich, Natalie ...... 29, 96 Wiehler, Antonius ...... 103

132 Personenverzeichnis | PuG Trier 2017

Wiemers, Uta S...... 69 Yao, Shuxia ...... 68 Wieser, Matthias...... 35, 36, 98 Yuen, Kenneth ...... 5 Wilcke, Arndt ...... 69, 121 Wilhelm, Oliver ...... 117, 121 Z Wimmer, Lena ...... 88 Wingenfeld, Katja ...... 16, 18, 21 Zähringer, Jenny ...... 5, 7, 60 Wingerden, Marijn van ...... 8 Zakreski, Ellen ...... 17 Winkelmann, Tobias ...... 50 Zamoscik, Vera ...... 39, 97 Winker, Constantin ...... 103 Zänkert, Sandra ...... 65, 113 Winter, Dorina ...... 17 Zehtner, Raphaela I...... 80 Wirtz, Petra ...... 17 Zeißig, Sebastian ...... 92 Wirz, Lisa ...... 23 Zhang, Rui ...... 58, 92 Wit, Sanne de ...... 80 Zhang, Xinwei ...... 84, 113, 116 Witt, Stephanie ...... 39, 49, 50, 82 Zhou, Feng ...... 68 Wolf, Dhana ...... 117 Zhu, Gu ...... 49 Wolf, Oliver T...... 16, 18, 55, 69, 79, 90, 91 Zickerick, Bianca ...... 26 Wolff, Christian ...... 97 Zidda, Francesca ...... 50 Wolff, Nicole ...... 87, 89, 105, 118 Ziegler, Elisabeth...... 72 Wolstein, Jörg ...... 58 Ziemssen, Tjalf ...... 77, 93, 117 Wood, Guilherme ...... 101 Zimmermann, Kaeli ...... 68 Wright, Margaret J...... 49 Zimmermann, Kristin M...... 78 Wudarczyk, Olga Anna ...... 47 Zink, Nicolas ...... 105, 106 Wunderli, Michael ...... 67 Zinke, Katharina ...... 70 Wüst, Stefan ...... 29, 30, 48, 49, 50, 65, 113 Zinner, Christoph ...... 20 Zobel, Frank ...... 86 Y Zöller, Aaron ...... 108 Zvyagintsev, Mikhail ...... 86 Yan, Zhimin ...... 73 Zweerings, Jana ...... 86