Euphorbia Tirucalli Linnean, Bredemeyera Floribunda Willd E Bredemeyera Brevifolia Benth

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Euphorbia Tirucalli Linnean, Bredemeyera Floribunda Willd E Bredemeyera Brevifolia Benth Prospecção química e biológica de espécies coletadas na caatinga: Euphorbia tirucalli Linnean, Bredemeyera floribunda Willd e Bredemeyera brevifolia Benth Maria de Fátima Rocha de Lima Tese de Doutorado Natal/RN, junho de 2019 Maria de Fátima Rocha de Lima PROSPECÇÃO QUÍMICA E BIOLÓGICA DE ESPÉCIES COLETADAS NA CAATINGA: Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau, Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. e Bredemeyera brevifolia Benth Tese apresentada ao programa de pós- graduação em Química da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor em química. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Renata Mendonça de Araújo Natal-RN 2019 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Sistema de Bibliotecas - SISBI Catalogação de Publicação na Fonte. UFRN - Biblioteca Setorial Prof. Francisco Gurgel De Azevedo - Instituto Química - IQ Lima, Maria de Fátima Rocha de. Prospecção química e biológica de espécies coletadas na caatinga: Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau, Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. e Bredemeyera brevifolia Benth / Maria de Fátima Rocha de Lima. - Natal: UFRN, 2021. 203f.: il. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - CCET, Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ). Orientador: Dra. Renata Mendonça de Araújo. 1. Euphorbia tirucalli - Tese. 2. Bredemeyera floribunda - Tese. 3. Bredemeyera brevifolia - Tese. 4. Compostos fenólicos - Tese. 5. Flavonoides - Tese. 6. Atividade biológica - Tese. I. Araújo, Renata Mendonça de. II. Título. RN/UF/BSIQ CDU 543.9(043.2) Elaborado por FERNANDO CARDOSO DA SILVA - CRB-759/15 Natal-RN 2019 Dedico este trabalho a minha filha, Analice Rocha de Lima, por ser a motivação dos meus esforços. Ao meu esposo, Adailton Ribeiro de Lima Filho, pessoa indispensável em minha caminhada. E ao meu pai, José de Oliveira Rocha, pessoa que irei amar eternamente, mesmo não estando mais ao meu lado. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente a Jeová Deus, o responsável por minha existência, e por me conceder bondade imerecida. À minha filha, Analice, meu amor maior, que mudou minha vida, minhas atitudes e me ensinou a amar de forma incondicional. Ao meu esposo, Adailton, meu braço direito, esquerdo e minhas duas pernas, por tanto ter me ajudado, e sem o qual eu não estaria concluindo esta etapa de minha vida. Aos meus pais, por terem me ensinado a verdadeira educação e por serem eternos em minha vida. Em especial ao meu pai, José de Oliveira Rocha, que tanto me admirava e esperava por este momento, que não está mais comigo, mas que o amarei eternamente. A minha irmã, Vilma, pelo companheirismo e carinho recebido ao longo de todos esses anos. À minha orientadora, Renata Mendonça, pela oportunidade ao aceitar-me como sua orientanda, pelo estímulo, compreensão, disposição e construção do conhecimento. A professora Grazielle Tavares, por sua amizade, dedicação, apoio, pelos seus conselhos e sugestões, além das palavras de ânimos que sempre me incentivaram. A professora Lívia Nunes, por sua contribuição em conhecimento, pela amizade e por sempre estar disposta a me ajudar. Ao doutor Braz por bondosamente nos ajudar com seu conhecimento na elucidação estrutural de algumas moléculas. A técnica Elânia, pela contribuição nas análises de RMN. Ao professor Matheus Pedrosa e sua aluna Juliana Félix, pela maravilhosa contribuição nos testes antiofídicos. A professora Márcia Vanusa e ao Bruno Oliveira, por suas contribuições com testes antimicrobianos. A aluna de iniciação científica, Luziene, por sua amizade, dedicação, companheirismo e pela grande ajuda no trabalho de bancada. As minhas queridas amigas de laboratório, Jannyely, Mayra e Marcela, que fizeram parte do meu dia a dia, compartilhando os conhecimentos, dificuldades, alegrias e porque não tristezas, pelo companheirismo de sempre, por toda paciência, compreensão, parceria e amizade formada. Aos demais amigos do Laboratório de Isolamento e Síntese de Compostos Orgânicos (LISCO), Nayara, Monara, Sarah, Erivaldo, Djalan, André, Rusceli e Edson pelo conhecimento compartilhado, pelo companheirismo de sempre. Meu muito obrigado. E a todos os demais alunos que passaram por lá, pelas amizades formadas. A todos os funcionários, professores e amigos do Instituto de Química que ajudaram de certa forma no desenvolvimento desta tese. A universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte e a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão de bolsa de pesquisa e suporte financeiro. Por fim a todos que de alguma forma participaram da construção deste trabalho e que contribuíram para que esse momento se tornasse uma realidade, e que não foi citado aqui, obrigada! “Deus é nosso refúgio e nossa força, uma ajuda encontrada prontamente em tempos de aflição. Por isso é que não teremos medo, ainda que a terra se transforme, ainda que os montes caiam nas profundezas do mar, ainda que as águas do mar façam estrondos e espumem, ainda que sua turbulência faça os montes tremer.” (Sal. 46:1-3) RESUMO LIMA, M. F. R. Prospecção química e biológica de espécies coletadas na Caatinga: Euphorbia tirucalli, Bredemeyera floribunda e Bredemeyera brevifolia. 2019. 204 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química) – programa de pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil, 2019. O bioma Caatinga constitui um importante potencial de formação vegetal, com inúmeras espécies reportadas na literatura pelo amplo espectro de atividades biológicas e diversidade química apresentada. Diante do potencial deste bioma, o presente trabalho aborda a investigação química e biológica de três espécies de plantas coletadas na caatinga nordestina: Euphorbia tirucalli Linn., Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. e Bredemeyera brevifolia Benth. A análise por LC-MS, em modo negativo, aplicada aos extratos das três espécies permitiu avaliar o perfil fitoquímico das espécies e assim constatar os flavonoides como classe de metabólitos predominante. O estudo químico dos extratos hexânico da parte aérea e etanólico das raízes de E. tirucalli, aplicando técnicas cromatográficas, permitiu o isolamento de cinco constituintes: dois já isolados na espécie, a β-amirina e o ácido 4-O-metil-gálico, além de três compostos inéditos na espécie, a ampelopsina, a miricetina e ácido 3,3'-dimetoxielágico-4-O-α- raminopiranosídeo. A avaliação da atividade antioxidante dos extratos de E. tirucalli frente ao DPPH e ABTS possibilitou constatar que o extrato etanólico das raízes apresentou melhor eficiência frente aos dois radicais, enquanto dentre os compostos isolados a myricetin apresentou melhor inibição dos radicais com IC50 de 22,62 μg/mL para o DPPH e de 53,22 μg/mL para o ABTS. A avaliação das atividades antimicrobianas permitiu constatar que apenas os extratos etanólicos apresentaram potenciais antibacterianos e antifúngicos, enquanto que todos os compostos isolados mostraram efeito inibitório contra cepas de S. aureus, E. coli, S.brasiliensis e C. Albicans, com maior efeito para a miricetina e ampelopsina. O estudo das espécies do gênero Bredemeyera também se mostrou promissor. Tratamentos cromatográficos aplicados ao extrato hidroalcoólico das raízes de B. floribunda permitiu o isolamento de dois compostos, o (2E) -3’-(3,4,5-trimetóxifenil) -prop-2-enoato de metila e o 1,7- dihidroxi-3,4,8-trimetoxixantona ambos já isolados na espécie, enquanto os procedimentos cromatográficos aplicados ao extrato etanólico dos talos levou ao isolamento de três flavonoides, a rutina, o canferol e a quercetina sendo os dois últimos isolados pela primeira vez na espécie. O estudo do extrato hidroalcoólico das raízes de B. brevifolia permitiu a identificação de duas flavonas, a 5,7,4’-trihidroxi-3’- metoxiflavona e a 5,7,2’,3’,4’-pentahidroxi-6,4’-dimetoxiflavona da fração clorofórmica e o isolamento desta primeira flavona na fração acetato. A avaliação da atividade enzimática in vitro frente a peçonha da espécie Bothrops jararaca, mostrou resultados relevantes, pois permitiu constatar que a peçonha de B. jararaca foi totalmente inibida pelo extrato hidroalcoólico das raízes B. brevifolia, mostrando-se ser um dado muito interessante devido a relevância dessa classe de toxinas nos envenenamentos ofídicos. Este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento químico e biológico das três espécies estudadas, com novas moléculas isoladas para cada espécie, além de dados biológicos inéditos associados a atividade antiofídica do gênero Bredemeyera e a atividade antimicrobiana de Euphorbia tirucalli. Palavras-Chave: Euphorbia tirucalli. Bredemeyera floribunda. Bredemeyera brevifolia. Terpenos. Compostos fenólicos. Ácido elágico. Flavonoides. Atividade biológica. ABSTRACT The Caatinga biome constitutes an important potential of vegetal formation, with numerous species reported in the literature for the broad spectrum of biological activities and chemical diversity presented. Due chemistry and biological potential of this biome, the present study approaches the phytochemical investigation of three plant species collected in the northeastern caatinga: Euphorbia tirucalli Linn., Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. and Bredemeyera brevifolia Benth. The LC-MS analysis, in negative mode, applied to the extracts of the three species allowed the evaluation of the phytochemical profile of the species and thus found the flavonoids as the predominant class of metabolites. The chemical study of the hexane and ethanolic extracts from aerial parts and roots of E. tirucalli, respectively, using chromatographic techniques, allowed the isolation of five constituents:
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