Ray Barron-Woolford Is a Life-Time Community Activist, Broadcaster, Playright, and Author

Ray Barron-Woolford is a life-time community activist, broadcaster, playright, and author. His most recent play is Liberty about Kath Duncan’s role in establishing the LGBTQ and civil rights movement in 1930’s Britain, laying the groundwork for The National Council Civil Liberties. Reviews

Many women have been written out of the male-dominated history books. For every Amazonian queen, rebel girl, scandalous mistress, militant suffragette or persistent female pioneer that we now know about, there are hundreds more “hidden her stories” of extraordinary women which go totally uncelebrated.

Ray Woolford’s fascinating new book shines the spotlight on an unsung political heroine whom many will be unfamiliar with. Kath Duncan was one of the most important activists of the last century. She had connections with major politicians like Winston Churchill and George Lansbury, she stood for Parliament, made inspiring speeches and dedicated her entire life to the causes she believed in to the detriment of her own health. However, her leading role in left-wing and communist politics, her working class Scottish background and her gender, have all led to her story being marginalized. Her important contribution to the civil rights movement has been buried by the establishment since her death in 1954, at the height of the Cold War.

Woolford’s book tells how Kath Duncan was a highly significant champion of the poor and the unemployed. She was a tireless campaigner for workers’ rights and spent two jail terms in Holloway prison for making political speeches. The National Council for Civil Liberties supported her in a landmark court case on the freedom of speech but not many history books will tell you that fact. Duncan also opposed Fascism, took part in the Battle of Cable Street and was central to the Aid to Spain movement in the 1930s. She was a key player in these things – so by rights she should be a household name or have a memorial or statue erected somewhere.

Woolford’s very well researched biography defiantly places Kath Duncan’s story right back into the public eye where it belongs, and restores her to her rightful position as one of the leading civil- rights activists of our time. Her political campaigning can be linked to several of the most significant moments in 20th century British history and has relevance to many of the social and political issues we have today. In a year when we are celebrating 100 years of some women getting the vote in the UK – it is vital that we also recognise and acknowledge the life and work of Kath Duncan – a working class woman who played just as significant a role in politics as the Pankhursts, Nancy Astor or Barbara Castle. In a world where we constantly strive for more equality this book has an important message about how society deals with freedom of speech and civil liberty. Kath Duncan’s story has finally been uncovered by Woolford and all of us really ought to read it.

Chrissy Hamlin (www.chrissyhamlin.blogspot.co.uk) The Hidden Herstories Blog and #WomensHistoryHour on twitter

The Last Queen of Scotland is a veritable banquet of forgotten history mixed with Woolford’s own love story for one of the greatest women most people have never heard of. Immediately accessible, the author has crafted an important and pertinent public record of a figure who encapsulates so many of today’s struggles. The banishing of the mists of time from Kath Duncan’s life could well stand as one of Woolford’s finest achievements.

Steve Topple, activist, broadcaster, political commentator and writer for The Canary

I must be honest, I had heard very little about Kath until Ray introduced me to her, and I’m so thankful that he did. He takes you on the journey of Kath’s life, starting from her childhood and later her friendships with several people including Churchill. Ray describes everything with such clarity and precision which made me feel like I know Kath and that I can certainly relate to her.

I was shocked to have found that the little that I had previously read about Kath was inaccurate and Ray has gone to great lengths to correct this, and quite rightly so. Kath was a truly amazing woman, fierce but kind, fair and understanding. She is an inspiration to all women worldwide. I give this book a 5-star rating because it doesn’t get better than this and I fully recommend this book to people of all ages.

Thank you, Ray.

Charlotte Hughes writes for The Morning Star and The Guardian and writes a very high profile blog The Poor Side of Life

There is no doubt that the most important period for ordinary people in Scotland and England was between the Wars especially after the Russian Revolution, the First World War and the start of the Second and whilst today many commentators talk about the similarities from the 1930s to the present age of Trump and the rise of Fascism again across Europe the 1930s is an era we should all be reading up on. This extraordinary, extensively researched book puts at its core the true story of Kath Duncan who was very different from the other Scot from Kirkcaldy who is still celebrated across the globe today, the economist Adam Smith. Kath Duncan was probably the most important Scottish and UK civil rights activist over the past 100 years, whose imprisonment laid the ground work for The National Council of Civil Liberties (which these days is called Liberty), which is also the title of another must-read book about Kath Duncan who, until this book, you probably knew nothing about. Kath Duncan – leader, suffragette, LGBT, civil rights campaigner, leader of Hunger Marches, anti-war, anti-fascist, activist against the Spanish Civil War, supporter of Gandhi and Indian workers for union recognition, as well as taking on the utility companies, the King, Parliament and the entire legal system.

Kath Duncan may have been so small she needed a soap box to become her stage, but her glamour, courage and inspiration for many in 30s Britain led many to call her the people’s Queen.

In the year we celebrate 100 years of Women’s activism is it not time we bring Kath Duncan out of the shadows and let her shine with the stars? This book screams period drama. Make me a movie, but most of all raises one crucial question we should all be asking, especially those in education and in the position to make statues and put up plaques. Why do we celebrate Kings, Queens, tyrants and the children of the elite who became activists, but selectively erase working class heroes especially women like Kath Duncan whose activism won us all the freedoms we all enjoy today?

You don’t have to love history or politics to enjoy this book. The Last Queen of Scotland takes you on a ride through the world in the 1930s, through the life of Kath and puts the case why she is the most important Scot and UK civil rights activist in the past 100 years from Kirkcaldy to Hackney to Deptford and back. I rate this book 5 stars; everyone should read this book and ensure she becomes the household name she deserves to be!

Who will be first to erect a Statue to remember and give thanks to such a great activist of inspiration and courage – Kirkcaldy, Scotland, London, Hackney, Camden, Deptford, and Lewisham?

The London Economic This book is dedicated to working-class heroes, especially women like Kath Duncan who were, for far too long, left in the shadow of history. I hope through this work to bring them out of the shadows to walk with the stars. Ray Barron-Woolford

T HE L AST Q UEEN OF S COTLAND

AUST N M AC AULEY P UBLISHERStm

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Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication data Barron-Woolford, Ray The Last Queen of Scotland

ISBN 9781643782690 (Paperback) ISBN 9781643782706 (Hardback) ISBN 9781643782713 (Kindle e-book) ISBN 9781645363576 (ePub e-book)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019935776

The main category of the book — History / Europe / Great Britain / Scotland www.austinmacauley.com/us

First Published (2019) Austin Macauley Publishers LLC 40 Wall Street, 28th Floor New York, NY 10005 USA [email protected] +1 (646) 5125767 Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 13

A Strong Woman vs. A Woman of Strength ...... 19

Chapter 1 ...... 20 Winston Churchill’s Apprentice ......

Chapter 2 ...... 30 Love and a New Life in London ......

Chapter 3 ...... 39 The Hunger Marches ......

Chapter 4 ...... 55 The Deptford Years ......

Chapter Five ...... 73 Civil Rights and the Battle of Deptford Broadway ......

Chapter Six ...... 94 National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (Arrests) ......

Chapter Seven ...... 129 Best Friends – Fred Copeman and the Invergordon Mutiny ...

Chapter Eight ...... 141 Fighting Fascists and Falling out with Communists ...... Chapter Nine ...... 166 ¡Viva la República! The Spanish Civil War ......

Chapter Ten ...... 180 The Last Queen of Scotland – A Slow Train Home ...... Introduction

In 1966, it was decided that a large social housing development should be built on the banks of the River Thames, in Deptford. This huge, state-of-the-art housing estate, which

11 included some of the highest tower blocks in the country, would become the Pepys estate, named after Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist. One of the tower blocks was named Daubeney Tower, after the 1st baron, Daubeney, and it is extraordinary that the council did not see the irony in this choice of name for a block of homes intended to house the poorest in the city. Lord Daubeney commanded King Henry VII’s army during the Cornish Rebellion of 1497. He was captured by the peasants’ army of Michael Joseph (An Gof) but subsequently released, unharmed, by his captors as a sign of goodwill. Daubeney did not return the favor. After the battle of Deptford Bridge, in which the peasants’ army was defeated, Daubeney went on to slaughter the leaders of the rebellion and their poor followers in their thousands. There is some irony, then, in the fact that, in 1966, the local authority chose to celebrate the life of this man, who was anything but a friend of the poor, especially those who demanded social justice, by naming after him social dwellings designed to accommodate such people in a comfortable and dignified way. It would have been much more appropriate to have named the building Audley Tower, after the 7th baron, Audley, a knight of the realm who recognized the justice of the peasants’ cause and fought shoulder-to-shoulder with the leaders of the Cornish Rebellion at the battle of Deptford Bridge. He has been all but erased from history, unlike other leaders and champions of the poor at the time, such as Jack Cade (1450), Wat Tyler (1381), Michael Joseph (An Gof, 1497), and Sir Tomas Wyatt (1554), all of whom played a hugely important role in Deptford’s largely forgotten working- class history, just like the subject of this book, Kath Duncan. What is it that sees to the fact that our cultural and educational establishments allow us to celebrate the lives of our kings and queens, and even tyrants, while it seems to take positive and deliberate steps to eradicate the memory and legacy of the heroes of the working-class’ struggle, especially women like Kath Duncan? What kind of mindset could think that a housing development should be used to perpetuate the name of a man who despised the peasants and the poor, and who relished killing so many of them, rather than that of anyone from a staggeringly wide array of real heroes and

12 champions of the ordinary working-class people, throughout the centuries, who came to the shores of Deptford, one of the nation’s greatest centers of workers’ heritage? This area, from which 500 working families set sail with Peter the Great to build the first Russian navy, played an important role in building the nation’s wealth through trade and industry made possible by the blood and sweat of the working people, including slaves, whose labor shaped not just Deptford but the world. When I started the We Care Foodbank in Deptford, several years ago, I never expected that it would become the nation’s largest foodbank, which paid its staff a wage, bought most of the food and toiletries that were distributed every day, opened six days a week, and maintained a crucial lifeline for thousands of people. It was in 2015 that I organized a local heritage festival to raise funds for our work, and it was while I was working on a book about Deptford’s remarkable history and heritage that I first came across Kath Duncan. My first book, Deptford, contained my first brief presentation of the life, work, and importance of this remarkable woman. And then, after writing Food Bank Britain, I wrote the play Liberty about just one chapter in the amazing life of this remarkable woman who was so much more than your usual troublemaking activist. Since the day I first became aware of her, she has haunted my mind and my thoughts almost constantly, day and night, and I wanted to learn as much about her as I could. Now, after four years’ research, I present what I have discovered in this book. And, I hope that as you read through these pages – which reveal something of her amazing but, in many ways, tragic life – you will come to agree with me that Kath Duncan was the most important civil rights activist in the UK of the past 100 years. No other woman was so effective at such a high level in taking direct action against social injustice and inequality, poor housing, fuel poverty, the arms trade, fascism in all its forms, and discrimination against women and LGBT people, all the while demanding and working tirelessly to try and achieve social justice and full civil rights for all. If nothing else, I hope this book leads to a wider debate on the issue of whose work and legacy achieves cultural

13 recognition and how we can find and choose our own heroes in a time of great cultural change, in which social media plays such an important role, and growing public disillusionment with the nation’s governing elite. Do we celebrate them with a plaque, a street name, a festival, or a special day? How do we celebrate these troublesome, often difficult, but precious heroes who, like Kath, would always tell others: ‘Fight to the last ditch!’ As they did themselves. I sincerely hope that the story of The Last Queen of Scotland will do something to ensure that Kath Duncan will no longer be left in the shadows but will be honored as one of our nation’s greats.

Repeated police charge in Royal Mint Street, attempting to clear the street for the Fascist parade SPECIAL THANKS

Special thanks: • Doctor and playwright Tom Band, Karen Makins. • George Stevenson, whose first article on Kath Duncan sent me on this journey. • Scottish historians Prof John Foster, Ian MacDougall, David Potter, and George Proudfoot. • The inspirational Oonagh Stanley Toffolo

14 Book references: • Deptford, A Radical History – Ray Barron-Woolford • Liberty, the play-book of the struggle for civil rights and Kath Duncan’s fight to establish National Council civil liberties – Ray Barron-Woolford • Kirkcaldy Parliamentarians – Dave Potter • What Price Liberty – Ben Wilson • The Tragedy of European Labour, 1918–1939 – Adolf Sturmthal • History of Communist Party of Great Britain 1927– 1941 – Noreen Branson • Communists & British Society, 1920–1991 – K. Morgan, G. Cohen, and A. Flinns • The Voice of Silence – Oonagh Stanley Toffolo • Reason in Revolt – Fred Copeman • Lions Led by Jackals, Stalinism in the International Brigades – Dale Street • The Hunger Marches in Britain, 1920–1940 – Peter Kingsford

Archives used for reference: • Lewisham Studies & Archive • Greenwich Heritage Centre • Marx Memorial Library & Workers School • Alan Smith Institute • Brighton and Hove Archive • Modern Records Centre, Warwick University • Fife Archives • Kirkcaldy Library, Archive, and Museum • Kirkcaldy Historical Society • Hackney Archive • Camden Archive at Holborn Library • The British Library • The National Archive • The Churchill Archive • Communist Party Archive • City of London Archive • Wandsworth Heritage Centre • House of Commons Archive

15 • National Records of Scotland • Home Office • Working Class Movement Library – Salford • Peoples History Huseum – Salford • London Metropolitan Museum • Glasgow City Archive • University of Warwick • Glasgow Life • Glasgow Family History

Newspaper archive credits: • The South London Press • The Fife Free Press • The Kentish Mercury • The Daily worker • The Birmingham Evening Mail • The Times • The Express • The Daily Telegraph