NOVEMBER 1948

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THE GOOD ROAD

IN GERMANY

. PAGE TWO BATTLE LINE

Message by Dr. REINHOLD MAIER, Minister-President, Wurttemberg-Baden nil GERMANY LIVES IN THE CENTRE OF A WORLD STRUGGLE. Its population is sdll the greatest in Western Europe, but it stands today without defence, without materials, without the most ordinary means of hfe, petrified as by a baleful influence, anxiously looking at what happens to the East, attendant upon the decisions of the great powers. nil Now these millions are beginning to awaken out of their trance and to open their hearts. The insuperable difficulties of reconstruction are being met and cleared away. Germany has begun to hope again, to work again, to beheve again. nil The visit of The Good Road to Germany is an event of far-reaching significance. Today Europe faces the question whether the ethics of Christianity are practical and applicable to the needs of daily Hfe. The genius of Dr. F. N. D. Buchman has been to translate Christian ethics into an ideology for democracy. The Good Road is one of the new weapons created for this task. nil Already many of the leaders of German poHtical life are responding to this ideology of freedom. It offers a new programme for poHtical Hfe. 1. People are more important than things. The German tendency is towards organisation. We are keen to set up machinery—government machinery, party machinery, social machinery, refugee machinery. The machinery works and the machine triumphs, and people go under. 2. Moral Re-Armament is at the same time the great teacher of practical tested democracy. Democracy is not a system of voting, of forming governments, of overthrowing governments. That is only the technical side. Democracy is a quite special attitude of man to man in the state. 3. Moral Re-Armament brings something positive into the war of ideas. We Germans have been tearing ourselves apart in poHtical strife. With great energy we work "against" something. What we must rather do is to be "for" something. The rest wiU then faU into place. We Germans must learn to know ourselves. We must work day by day that we do not sink deeper and deeper through our own need and misery into complete despair and nihilism. This is the necessary foundation for world peace.

COVER. France's heritage of freedom is portrayed in '^The Good Road" by Joan of Arc INTO

GERMANY

BY DUBOIS MORRIS Stuttgart, Germany WE are rolling into Germany on what may prove to be one of the great historic adventures of our time. A few hours ago we crossed the border. As we stopped to have our permits examined and passports stamped I asked an ex-G.I. next to me what it felt like to be coming back. He had been woimded in the Battle of the Bulge and later stormed across the Rhine with General Patron's troops. "Last time we weren't invited," he laughed. "This time the Germans have fit asked us to come—the entire Cabinet of .-'A' fasis North Rhine-Westphalia, the Minister Presidents and leaders of Bavaria and Wiurttemberg-Baden, and spokesmen from Berlin and other parts of Germany. V ULM CATHEDRAL General Lucius Clay and the British < •■—-••'"II,- T ' Authorities have authorised the visit. It is an invasion by request." and a bunch of young ex-Servicemen and a Senator," he wrote General Clay, This force consists of 260 persons from teen-agers. They are a cross-section of "I know of no greater investment to be twenty nations—the largest civilian group democracy, trained to convey the ideology made at this time than to make these to enter Germany since the war. They of freedom. Most of them are in the cast MRA plays available to every German. come from Britain, America and Italy, of the Moral Re-Armament revue The If this programme cannot re-vitaUse and from Finland and Burma, from South Good Road which they will present in reinspire a desire in free nations to Africa, Australia, Canada and India. the various German cities we are to visit. remain free, I do not know what can." Among them are the first Japanese to put The party set out a few days ago from Last week came a wire from Alinister foot on German soil since war ended. the World Assembly for Moral Re- President Karl Arnold and the North There are men who fought in the Re Armament at Caux-sur-Montreux in Rhine-Westphalian Cabinet asking Dr. sistance Movements in Norway and Switzerland, which was attended this Frank Buchman to bring this force to Holland; others who suffered in con summer by over 5,000 delegates from the Ruhr "to spread the message and centration camps; French from Alsace fifty countries. Among these delegates spirit of Caux in our land and thereby who have been led since childhood to were 500 Germans, including thirty-two help give our nation new hope and hate and distrust the Germans. And side Cabinet Ministers and Secretaries of strength." Similar appeals from the by side with them sit a former Luftwaffe State. When Senator Harry Cain of Minister Presidents Reinhold Maier of pilot and an ex-Nazi, now comrades in Washington saw the effect of the Con Wurttemberg-Baden and Hans Ehard of a fight for freedom that cuts across all ference, and especially of The Good Road, Bavaria "warmly and urgently" invited previous battlelines. on the Germans present, he took immediate the force to visit their States. There are industrialists and tough- action with the United States Authorities. So we set off from Ziuich at 7.30 muscled workers, lawyers and teachers. "As a citizen, as a taxpayer and as Saturday morning, October 9, in a Scenes from the Good Rood revue. Left: The wheels of i ndustry slow to a standstill. Mis trust has set manage ment and labour at each other's throats. "Watch that man over there. He's trying to double-cross you"

Below: Mr. Anyman says that he has no hopes for the future. "That's too bad, be cause we're it," this crowd of youth from Europe and America tell him. Here three of them sing to him of the secret they have found. "Sorry is a magic little word"

i i cavalcade of ten private cars and seven "Today grow out of tribulation and Germans to get to know each other buses provided by arrangement with the New hearts, new people : and talk over the application of sound Swiss. Everything can be different." democracy to family and business life. Our route to Munich passes through Many are deeply moved. This is the first I find myself the guest of an old titled the old cathedral city of Uhn. Above the contact with the outside world most of family who now share their house with ruins and rubble, the lacy spire of the these people have had since the war. fourteen other persons. My host has tallest church tower in Europe reaches The party files into the stmshine and just that day bartered an old coat for a pair to the sky. As the cavalcade turns under across to the city hall for an official of trousers. His wife knits socks for her the bomb-scarred gateway, the cathedral reception and refreshments. Out of their elderly father with woOl acquired in bells begin to boom, calling the citizens meagre rations the townsfolk of Ulm exchange for some pieces of china. They together. We roll on past the empty shells offer us coffee and pastries, and two ask me to share their simple meals— and shattered walls of once loved and German children in their Sunday spick- potatoes and cheese for supper, black liveable homes. We pull up in the square and-span present Dr. Buchman with bread and ersatz coffee for breakfast. in front of the cathedral. A crowd has bouquets of red roses. Their circumstances are not unlike thou gathered. The flags of the city flutter As our buses push on to Mtmich, the sands of others. But their generous- colourfuUy. From the Gothic gallery streets are lined with waving people— hearted hospitality indicates that our above the main cathedral entrance a all curiosity and caution gone. In the reception into their families symbohses chorus of trumpeters sound their welcome. city of Mtmich, at less than a week's their re-entry into the family of nations. We are ushered through the crowd into notice, more than half the group are taken For the first time since the currency the great nave. The organ throbs. The into the homes of local German families. reform, I am told, there are queues out Lord Mayor extends his greetings. Some In a city which has been 40 per cent, des side a Munich theatre, as the crowds try of the visitors say a few words. A French troyed by bombs, even the authorities to get tickets for the performances in girl speaking in German says she wants are amazed at the eagerness with which the Gartnerplatz Theatre. Just re-buUt, to bury her hates and build a new world beds are made available. This participa it is one of Germany's finest and has been together. The chorus from the revue tion in the home life of Munich proves put at our disposal by Bavarian State sing in German : one of the most effective ways for visitors officials.

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Europe's heritage is portrayed for Mr. Anyman. Above: St. Francis recalis Italy to the task of building a united Christen dom again. Right: The audience in Munich's Opera House. Cathoiic Bishop Neuhdusler of Bavaria thanks the cast at the conclusion of the performance political, economic and military efforts of so many earnest, able men both within and without the country. GESUNDf MANJcoumARae? Everywhere we find the German leaders HE!ME IN D£R INDUSTRIE who had attended the Caux Assembly — AMEITET! —n„, limn, ^ had grasped the meaning of inspired luniaai democracy and are applying it in their situations. There is a new teamwork in Parliament and in the unions. The word "Caux" has come to represent for Germany a new way of life. The symbol of that new ideology of freedom has stood these days in Munich's Odeonplatz—directly in front of the Feld-HerrnhaUe where a bronze plaque used to mark the death spot of the sixteen Nazis killed in the first Hitler Putsch of November 9, 1923. There, where every German used to have to give the Nazi salute as he passed, at least 15,000 people have stopped to look at a striking photo exhibition, picturing the people and ideas which must provide "the answer to every 'ism'—even materialism." 15,000 passers-by have stopped to look at this exhibition in Munich's Odeonplatz Across the top of one of the panels run these words : The first-night audience, according to and the spirit get across. "This is the "A NEW GERMANY— local newspaper men, is the most dis first time the Germans have been shown Not through the dictatorship of a tinguished and representative gathered the essence of true democracy," he man, a bureaucracy or a class together in Munich since the war, The concludes. "And it's what they want." Not through force, regulations or crowd stands in cheering approval as A German news agency reporter con money Minister President Ehard speaks from his firms the same reaction among his But through men with a big idea— box. "That's the way it should be," he colleagues in the Munich press. inspired democracy." says of what he has seen on the stage. So also the meetings with Lorenz "That's the way it could be; and that's Hagen, who heads 870,000 workers in the As we move on to our next stop, the way it must be." Bavarian trades unions and whose entire Stuttgart, a copy of the local paper reaches From his place in the audience, Ehard's executive board came to the show. The us. The editor of the Stuttgarter Zeitung political opponent, former Minister Presi official reception by Lord Mayor Wimmer tells his readers of our approaching visit. dent Wilhehn Hogner, rises to add, in the picturesque old Rathaus, the press "Now go and listen to these people," "We must place our political differences conferences and private conversations all he advises. "They have found an answer behind us and work out the future of evidence the readiness of this nation for to the fear of war and to party strife. Germany together in this spirit." The an inspired ideology to give life to the They have fotmd 'The Good Road' which audience crowds on to the stage to meet democratic framework set up by the leads out of the materialistic world." and talk with the cast. It is nearly The Good Road cast is interviewed by Radio Stuttgart, one of Europe's most powerful midnight before the last ones leave. stations, which broadcasts a regular twice-weekly programme on Moral Re-Armament The following performances get the same reception. Catholic Bishop Neu- hausler of Bavaria speaks after the matinee and State Secretary Dieter Sattler that night. German newsreels shoot scenes from the show while the radio records the entire performance for later broadcasts. An American correspondent at the Press Club teUs me he made a point of going from top-gallery to ground floor asking all types of Germans— intellectuals, workers and others—what they thought of it. "They were all enthusiastic," he said. / Even though the play is in English with only a final song in German, the ideas EUROPEAN BRIDGE BUILDERS

FRANZ JUNGHANS One of the most urgent problems One of the things that would do most to facing Europe today is the ancient promote new understanding and trust ON a visit to the Caux Assembly I bitterness and hatred between France would be a change in the moral attitude met a Frenchman for the first and Germany. The authors of this article fought against each other in between the men and the women of our time since the war. The tradi the last war. Count Armand de two coimtries. When the attitude of the tional enemies of my country, whom I have Malherbe was in the Fredch resistance French soldier changes towards the Ger hated for years, welcomed me with a movement and later a liaison officer man woman and vice versa, a new respect with the U.S. Army. Franz Junghans German song, "Es Muss AUes Anders for the German home wiU be born. Werden." Then I saw The Forgotten was a fighter pilot from 1938 to 1947, and spent three and a half years as a A change of attitude must come, too, Factor in French. My friend Armand de prisoner of war in U.S.A. and among the industrialists who are respon Malherbe played a leading part and I sible for the dismantling of German hated him although I did not know him. industrial equipment. And finally, our Not a very good beginning. Not only to help my sorely wounded attitude towards the German workers who One evening the thought occurred to country but to ensure that Germany and are employed in France today must me to arrange for the French and Germans France never again take arms against each change. They are under constant pressure to meet together. Armand de Malherbe other. from Communist propaganda. If they are spoke at that meeting, and everything he given the opportunity of getting to know said about having no trust in or love for France and the French, their return to ARMAND de MALHERBE the Germans, I could have said of the Germany will cement good-will between French. I remarked how exactly like me T)EING twice condemned to be shot our peoples. he thinks; so we got together to find the ^ by the Nazis was not the beginning of I think of Germany as responsible for solution to this prejudice and hate. my hatred for the German nation. It was starting the last two wars of aggression: .A great deal depends on education. rather the whole course of my upbringing. but we too have our share of the moral What might not happen if in German Yet in my mind I was convinced that responsibility. We need to remember that schools youth were taught to give instead friendship between our countries was France fought wars of aggression against of to fear? For years our children have essential. This remained just an intellectual her neighbours for 300 years. True under been taught to sing, "We'll march to idea until I recognised the sin of my own standing cannot be built on the intellectual conquer France." What if we were taught feelings towards the German nation. It plane alone. We need to find together to make neighbourly love a reaUty? became a reality when I began to make a uniting ideology. If this does not happen A new relationship could grow up between friends with certain specific people and Europe must face the fact that a further our two countries. asked God for a deep love for them. catastrophe is inevitable. But I am con Two convictions emerged from otur Then a miracle happened—and I can now vinced personally, from what I have conversation. I reahsed that I didn't know greet German men and women as my already seen, that the ideology of Moral how the French lived. The exchange of family and friends. Re-Armament can save the situation and students is an urgent necessity. We must For generations the children of France create bonds of understanding between learn about French history and culture. have been brought up in an atmosphere all the nations. I realised, too, how much the unfavour ofhatred which they able conditions in Germany have divided have caught either RECONCILIATION Junghans de Malherbe us. First there is the difference in the from their parents rations for the civilian population and the or the books they occupation forces. Then there is the have read or the question of the dismantling of factories. general prejudice And finally, the German prisoners of war that exists against employed in France despite the shortage Germany. This has of manpower in our own country. been further aggra Facing these differences honestly has vated just now by freed me of bitterness, and we are now the fact that no very good friends. The fear and hatred official relations which have divided our countries for a exist between our hundred years have made it impossible to countries. We have create any positive relationship between an army of occupa us. But a new ideology can bridge the tion in Germany, differences of faith, confession, party and but it fails to solve nationality. With that, we have a greater the problem be power which will help us to build cause it does not creatively. I have found this ideology in Uve out the demo Caux and I want to take it to Germany. cratic ideology. m

They came from the Ruhr and the Rhondda, from France, Holland and Belgium and many parts of Britain—Coal Board Directors, management and miners' leaders. As they met, the British coal industry was struggling desperately to reach its production target; 300,000 French miners were about to strike; and Europe continued to spend precious dollars on essential supplies of American coal. These men met in caaference at the invitation of M. Jules Catoire, M.P., Vice-Chairman of the Northern French Coal Board; Franz Meis, Vice-President of the Ruhr Mineworkers; Mr. Horace E. Holmes, M.P., Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Fuel and Power in Britain; Mr. Tom Beacham, Area Production Manager for the Rhondda valley. South Wales, and a committee of mining leaders from France, Germany and Great Britain. In their invitation, the Committee stated: "Coal has an urgent and decisive part to play in the task of reconstruc tion, both by contributing the basic material of industry and by demonstrating the teamwork and inspired leader ship which are the basic need of effective democracy." Delegates presented to the conference evidence from the coal-face of new incentive, revolutionary teamwork and increased production. They discussed in informal groups the creation and development of sound leadership at all levels. A new approach to the problems of industry, in an JULES CATOIRE," ideological age where coalfields are battlefields, is mani FRANCE festly necessaiy. M. Sabatier, Deputy Director of the Coal Products division of the French Northern Coal Board, MATHIEU THOMASSEN,BELGIUM. The Belgian commented on this conference: "Moral Re-Armament coalfields were represented by M. Mathieu Thomassen, answers the basic social problems of the French mining President of the Free Union of Mineworkers. He plans industry. Industrially it presents the clearest ideology to send forty delegates to the 1949 conference at Caux. I have ever seen."

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ives from the Coalfields of Great Britain, France, Belgium and Germany lend Aage Bruun, director of the Karl Norstrand coal importing company t, stressing the urgent need for the mines of Western Europe to export strial philosophy as well as coal. M. Vigier (seated third from right), ive director of the Coal Board in Northern France, said :"The essential French coalfield is the human factor. I am convinced that the road being y Moral Re-Armament is the key to success. Its spirit of industrial team- iroduce results." With him at the Assembly were M. Yve Bertrand, irector, and M. Sabatier, Deputy Director of the Coal Products division of National Coal Board, and M. Charles Treguer, Douai area. Management re of the Council of Administration of the Coal Board of Northern France.

TERSTELL, GERMANY. DAI TUDOR, SOUTH WALES. Mr. German delegates was Herr Dai Tudor, President of the Merthyr 1 trade union official from the Tydfil Trades and Labour Council, battle for a classless society," South Wales, comes from a valley of n only be carried out with a poverty and bitterness. "That is the x.-,That is why teamwork in outcome of the class struggle," he says, industry is only possible "miners fighting the coal owners. We oundation of moral values." need to leam teamwork and co-operation. 1 delegation was led by Herr They will break down any barriers and ber. Director of the Ruhr give the workers of the world the great llining (conference picture, life they long for." Over a hundred min from right with arms folded). ing representatives came from Britain.

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•« * 10 HONG KONG ADVENTURE

BY MARY MEEKINGS

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'E'RE not dead yet," said a voice This is one of the memories stamped in China in 1912 there was no higher in her ear. Those were the first vividly on the mind of Dr. Katie Woo, education for women, she went to England w:words that Dr. Katie Woo heard M.B.E., one of Hong Kong's first women to train. She returned to Hong Kong as she came to, and struggled shakily to her J.P.s, and headmistress of its biggest expecting to get a job as a teacher and found feet. It was the day after Hong Kong's school, where with 800 boys and 700 girls herself already appointed Principal of a surrender to the Japanese, and all bom she is successfully experimenting with co school. If fife has often treated Miss Woo bardment was supposed to have stopped. education. But, what with her soft deep with such unexpected generosity, it has She and the doctor of the First Aid Post, voice, pretty, weU-groomed hands, and certainly picked a lady who would respond. after eighteen days spent undergroimd, warm way of always being so glad to ;:ee Then one day she listened to a story were climbing up to the roof of her school. you, she wears her scholarship graciously. which changed the whole course of her fife. The only building imdamaged by the The story of her school is an adventure It was a short and simple tale about a head bombing, it stood a landmark high above story. It begins when she was fourteen mistress who was troubled by stealing in the rubble and ruins around. But before years old, when the English lady at the the school, and it was told to her by Dr. they could reach the top they heard the Sunday School, who watched with respect Frank Buchman. He described how this famiUar drone of Japanese planes and down little Katie's handhng of the difficult boys, headmistress invited him to visit her, and whistled the bomb whose blast knocked proclaimed her a born teacher. That was before a gathering of the staff, asked his them both unconscious. the spark that started her off; and because advice on how to deal with the thefts. He sat in silence for a minute and then asked': ■ So she chose ten men and went to each Often it seemed as if she could stand it "■When did you steal last?" The staff, to ask for a pledge of 10,000 dollars. When no longer, as if she must snap tmder the staggered at this approach to their prin she told the Colonial Secretary she had strain. Only her faith gave her strength cipal, had been even more surprised to succeeded, he was incredulous. In the to go on, kept her mouth shut when she hear her admit that when she had been the China of the twenties it was unheard-of for wanted to lose her temper with the age of the girl under suspicion, she too had a woman to go to a man on a business " Japanese, told her what to do when stolen. Later on, when she interviewed the matter. When he was convinced, however, squeezed into tight corners. Yet in some girl, she began her talk by saying that she that she had succeeded, he not only gave strange way she often came off best. To herself had taken things front her mother. her the 50,000 doUars but doubled the size her distress, her school was re-opened later Disarmed, the child poured out her of the site. in the occupation, and was used to teach own story. The thefts stopped, never Another battle she fought and won was the children Japanese. She longed to to recur. for a swimming pool for her girls. Her find a way to stop this. One day they Governing Committee objected to the idea ordered her to broadcast. She refused. The experiment that worked on the grounds that it was indecent for the The Chairman who asked her scolded her The story stuck in Miss Woo's mind. girls to expose their limbs. So Miss Woo •like a child before the Committee of Not that she had stolen, but there were all suggested a pool under cover to avoid such Principals, so that she left the room red those rules she had laid down for her pupils exposure. The school stands on a hill and with humiUation. Later the authorities and her staff—had she laid them down for a covered pool could be built under the talked to her for three hours to persuade herself? And anyway she had learned only ground level. She won her point; for her her to change her mind. Then what she too well that more than rules was needed success is due to the quiet strength of her had not dared to hope for happened : she to create responsibility and character. She conviction and not to pushing or grabbing. was told that because of her vmpat- had longed to give the Chinese girls, then She is a modest person who wanted to riotic behavioiu her school was to be treated as dolls, a real equipment and refuse the M.B.E. when it came to her in closed. training for life. And during her stay in 1926 as a recognition of her services to the Shortly before the liberation of Hong England she had realised that though colony and to education. Only when they Kong she decided to offer her school for China worshipped ethics, she needed even told her it would honour China and her the use of the civic authorities. To make more the power that would bring those school did she give in: she was the first this possible, the Japanese repaired the ethics to hfe. That story gave her a clue Chinese woman ever to receive the greater part of the war damage. On V-J to the way that power might come. decoration. day she received the school back again in And so she got to know Dr. Buchman Then came war with Japan. Through almost as good order as before the war. and his friends better, and discovered the the first eighteen days of shelhng and In the desolated city it stood as if secret of their simple and effective bombing and aU the long months of the unscathed from the beginning. Christianity. At the core of it all was the occupation, she never left the school The War of nerves behef that to bring any change to the world undergroimd swimming pool came into the place to start with was one's self, and its own and sheltered and saved many Miss 'Woo's war of nerves was yesterday. that clear and accurate direction for living lives. They used to say that Katie Woo For many of us in Europe oius is today, could come from the mind of God to the was the only one in the huge building framed from threatening headlines, dis mind of man. She experimented with it who was not afraid, "Yes," she says, "I quieting events, and a standard of living herself. She found that it worked. And was at peace during those days of bombing shrinking to a minimum. the management of her school became even because I felt that the whole building But the strength that carried her more of an adventure, a bold enterprise in and management of my school had been through is for us too. At first glance it faith sometimes astonishing in its Sim under God's guidance from the start, may look too simple for our complex, plicity, because instead of being a burden and He would not desert me then." sophisticated Western World. God can of organisation heavy on her shoulders, it speak? Take away fear and bring peace? became a matter of getting orders in the Hidden In swimming pool Tell us what to do when we have lost oiu big things and the little; in such practical But the shelhng was easy compared to bearings? Materiahsts may tell you the matters, for instance, as the new school the war of nerves that followed with the idea is foreign and even foohsh. buildings or the new swimming pool. occupation. Katie was examined, watched, People told Marconi wireless was a For new school buildings were needed. interrogated. She lost 45 lb. in weight. foohsh idea. They laughed at the Wright The number of pupils rose from fifty to Her worst fear was for the forty girls she brothers when they strtmg together the four hundred. In her words, "just as a had hidden in the swimming pool Every first fhmsy aeroplane. But in spite of this, child grows so big she needs a new dress, other day, Japanese officers would come the radio and the aeroplane have revolu so we needed school buildings." The and ask her for girls, and she would take tionised our world, made distance meaning question was, how to get them? She them on a tour of the top storeys of the less, pulled continents together. decided to ask the Colonial Secretary for a building, show them the deserted rooms, People with the courage and daring to site of 20,000 square feet. Her friends told the damage caused by fiying shrapnel, experiment as Miss Woo has done have her it was hopeless, land was scarce and and plead that the school was uninhabit a chance to bring about an even greater she could expect nothing but a refusal. able. It was a miracle that never once did revolution—a stable world where men can They were amazed to see her return from they ask her where she herself hved or trust each other and where their children the interview with a promise of the site, suspect the existence of those storeys can five in peace. and a gift of 50,000 dollars towards the below ground level. Finally she managed cost if she managed to raise 100,000 herself. to get the girls away to stay with friends. 12 CAN DEMOCRACY UNITE

AN OVER-ARCHING [DEOLOGY

Address by A.R.K. MACKENZIE, Member of British Delegation to the United Nations

IS it possible to find an ideology on which men of good wUi selves alone give us a precise enough definition of democracy'. everywhere can unite? That is the most urgent question The essential point about democracy is that it has a moral facing us today, and many statesmen despair of ever finding ideology. I doubt very much whether it is possible to unite the the answer. world on the basis of an economic or a political ideology at the Some people have been ideologically awake for a very long moment. We need an ideology based on absolute moral time. Others are just coming out cf the chrysalis stage. Their standards, to apply to every nation, every class and every race— eyes are just beginning to open. So many people have thought absolute honesty, absolute purity, absolute tmselfishness, that we should concentrate on solving the economic problems of absolute love. This will result in sound homes, teamwork in the world. They have said ideological issues were irrevelant, industry and national unity. but history is proving the falsity of their views. You can analyse every major problem facing us today in the economic, political The art of the Impossible and military fields, and in every instance you will find that there These give us the extra criteria for which we are looking. are ideological factors to be reckoned with. Statesmen must face These will help us to judge whether a person believes in world the fact that we cannot shape history without an adequate wide democracy. If he is hving out a sound home hfe, building ideology. And we cannot answer a false ideology with no team-work in industry and national unity, then his words about ideology. We cannot save our own countries by spotlighting democracy ring true. the faults in any other country. East or West. Our salvation lies A distinguished statesman once said that pohtics is the art of in findmg an over-arching ideology on which men of the East the possible. Moral Re-Armament is the art of making the and West, the North and the South, can unite. impossible possible. There are forgotten factors which must be Everyone beUeves in democracy, they say, these days. Yet brought to bear again on our major international problems. The many leaders who claim to speak for the democracies have not first is that human nature can be changed. Many people have thought out what are the characteristics of democracy's ideology grown sceptical about that. I don't wonder, because there is a which can unite the world. There was once an Englishman who lot of unchanged human nature going around these days. But was hitch-hiking across America. It was down in the far South at the World Assemblies for Moral Re-Armament we have seen, and he was very hot. He met an American who was also trying to not as a theory, but as a fact, that human nature is and can be get a ride across the country. Together they tried to get rides different—evidence on two legs, of how capitalists and labour in the cars by giving the hitch-hikers' sign. leaders unite and people of many nations work together. The other forgotten factor is that God has a plan. Statesmen Do you call this democracy? can ill afford to neglect that great truth. Out of these basic As the cars swept by without stopping, the Enghshman forgotten truths that live again we have seen here the develop got more and more disagreeable. He turned to the American ment of a modern, superior ideology. Coal production is rising and said: "You call this country of yours a democracy, through a new spirit in men. Germany is finding hope for the and look at all these"people in their cars—^none of them will future. Unity is being born between French and Germans, stop and give us a lift." The American looked at him and between capital and labour, between America and Europe. That said: "Say, buddy, you think this is a democracy! Why, if is evidence that no man can ignore. We have had the privilege this was a democracy, we would be in those cars on the road, of seeing a new approach to world problems, with hopes of and we would not stop !" That is just about how clear some lasting solutions. If htiman nature can be changed and men people are as to what democracy is. can find together the over-arching plan of God, that paves the I suppose if you asked the man in the street what are the marks way to the biggest revolution that the world has ever known. of this over-arching ideology of democracy, he might say first of all: "Well, I have heard that democracy means free speech, Beginning of a revolution freedom of religion and free elections." These are old and vital Finally, if this ideology is a moral ideology, it means that you behefs, but I wonder if they are an adequate definition of the have to start with yourself. If it were an economic ideology, you ideology we are looking for. When freedom of religion was first could read it all up in a book. But if it is a moral ideology, estabhshed as an important principle, it had quite a different you cannot do that. You cannot spread a moral dynamic that you meaning from what it has today. Freedom of religion was felt do not have in your own life. That was the biggest challenge to be important because everyone was so keen to seek God's Moral Re-Armament brought to me. It told me to stop waiting will that he had to be free to do it in his own way. But today for the other country to change; to stop waiting for the other freedom of religion means free to be rehgious if you want to. fellow to change; to begin with myself. Suppose everyone did If you don't want it, it doesn't matter. I wonder how long a that. Some people are beginning. On that basis we can usher country can survive separated from its spiritual roots. However in a revolution that can change the world and unite people important they may be, these principles do not of them the world over behind the one ideology that can give us peace. 13

THE WORLD? (•.! II—III— 1/I11 Iif .. i.. ill—^ vU,

A NATION PIONEERS LfrJ-1 T -fc'-Jf —J—-t-ifrfrTi;wa ,'6ivw-Afr- vi.-iei — ,, Address by PROFESSOR MAX HUBER of Switzerland II I /s.t- — —i—V ffc-fr— 2s OThis address by the Honorary President of the Inter _-1 T'f',fn -' t-- * . '^'1—i£. — —yfrf,—.iSi—k.-.'ifrf- fr—t'l— Lw-i— ■, national Red Cross and former President of the wJ—, filii,'.kk-f v,Mk MS U—*t.-- International Court at the Hague was made at the I I Y 11-—si. i——^ SC-C '.M— f •■('1,11.* —ir ij, — fi- fri World Assembly for Moral Re-Armament at the time of the visit of the President of the Swiss Confederation, Dr. Enrico Celio; the President of the Federal Assembly, Dr. Albert Picot; the Chan cellor of the Swiss Confederation, Dr. Oscar Leimgruber; and the Permanent Secretary of the Federal Assembly, Frederic Geissbuhler. "We are proud to have the European centre of this movement in Switzerland, as it enables our country to he the one to radiate to the world the ideology which can save it from Earliest charter of Swiss Confederation, signed at Grutii, 1291 the disaster which threatens it," Dr. Leimgruber told the Assembly. During these years Switzerland has been in a miraculous way SWITZERLAND celebrates the centenary of her federal preserved by God. "This God has done for us : What have we constitution this year. Like the individual constitutions of done for Him ?" the twenty-five cantons, it is the expression of a true democratic We need to be humble and grateful for the blessings He has idea. The smallness of the country has made it possible for the given us. We have not until now lived up to the ideal expressed people to participate in its government and the conduct of its in our constitution. Once we put at the head of it the name of pubhc affairs to an unusual extent. God Almighty, we are obliged to feel responsible before Him, For 700 years every state document has been prefaced with not only as individuals, but as a nation. This responsibility the words ; "In the name of Almighty God." In my opinion means the acceptance of God's will in the conduct of our these words are not only the expression of a tradition but they affairs. Not a fearful and grudging obedience of the laws, but a are the key to the right understanding and application of the joyful acceptance of God's will as a token of our gratitude for constimtion. His mercy. Moral Re-Armament sets out to do this in personal life and to Professor Huber, right, greets the President of the Swiss make the guidance of God the basis, too, of national and inter fConfederation, Dr. Enrico Celio, on his arrival at the Moral Re-Armament World Assembly in Switzerland national pohcy. Indeed, to act in this way is our duty, not only as individual Christians but as citizens who truly accept the spirit of our constitution. We have, therefore, a great deal to learn from the spirit and the experience of people in Moral Re-Armament. We will play our part, too, by framing our policy in the- widest sense, our social policy as it most closely affects each one of us, on the great principles of Moral Re-Armament. Then we will be able—and, perhaps, the experience we have gained, not without some bloody battles for our democratic constitution, wiU help us— to pass on something worthwhile to others. But apart from this we should help this enterprise which enjoys the hospitaUty we extend to it so wilhngly, in every possible way. We should endeavour to promote it among our people and in our state departments. Neutrahty, which is a centuries old tradition with us, and one to which our people tenaciously adhere, prevents us from taking arms in the maintenance of peace, or resorting to military force or pohtical pressure. We should, therefore, make even greater efforts in a fight for peace which rehes on moral and spiritual means. That is the mission of Moral Rc-Armament. The words which preface our Federal constitution and which are foimd, too, in the preamble to aU our Federal treaties, "In the name of God Almighty," must, if not in written words, at all events in spirit, stand at the outset of aU national and international agreements or institutions. 14

that gave him his jutting jaw, ready fists, returned to disillusioned, and in and hatred of all injustice and inequality ? the spring of 1939 broke with Harry Pollitt The opening chapters of Copeman's auto and his colleagues at the Party Head biography* are simple and undramatic. quarters in King Street. Soon afterwards, But they take the reader inside the mind of he joined the Labour Party and began to a rebel against society. take a lead in the Trade Union movement. At Copeman burst suddenly What has Copeman to say which justifies upon the consciousness of a nation. But another expose of Communist ruthlessness those earlier years of struggle had prepared and intrigue ? One calls to mind I Chose him for the chance he was offered there to Freedom,Trotsky's Stalin,and Soviet Spies, embark on the next stage of his life, the each brilliant in its own way. But Reason whirl of revolutionary pofitics. in Revolt is far more than an expose. The The Communists did not fail to notice reader must decide for himself whether the those who had taken a lead at Invergordon, final chapters justify the author's claim to and it was not long before he foimd himself have found the answer to Communism. a member of the Party. His account of a faith and a force to arm All for the Part/ democracy in its life-and-death struggle with an alien ideology is at aU events On leaving the Service, Copeman was provoking. And if Copeman is right it is of soon prominent in the struggles of the major importance for an understanding of tmemployed in London's East End. He events today. ON a cold Scottish morning 15,000 led demonstrations and hunger marches, Copeman's writing is plain and in places men stood waiting,tense and silent, stormed the London County Hall and saw rough and jerky. And often strangely on the forward decks of a long line the inside of several prisons before crossing moving. The story he has to teU is stronger, of men-of-war, while the sun rose slowly, to Spain to enlist in the ranks of the more breath-taking than fiction. It will like an orange ball, out of the mouth of International Brigade. earn him many friends and some enemies Cromarty Firth. They were the men of the His daring leadership soon brought him in high placest It is a book that cannot be 's Home Fleet and they waited, to the fore, and at the age of twenty-nine ignored. massed in groups, for an expected signal. he succeeded and Jock GEOFFREY GAIN Occasionally an officer's crisp voice Cunningham as Com rapped out an order. Not a man moved to mander of the British obey. Bugles sounded the familiar "all men battalion of the fall in on quarter deck" and "divisions"; Brigade. the silent service remained silent and During the Civil made no move. The tension grew. All War, the methods of eyes were strained on the big ships up the the Communist poli line. ticians were already And then it happened. A faint cheer causing Copeman to from beyond the harbour mouth,far out to doubt, but on his re sea. And then up the Firth from ship to turn to Britain he was ship the cheers were taken up. Quickly pressed to join the it swelled in a mighty wave of sound till Central Committee of 15,000 men were roaring triumphantly the CommunistParty. together. For many minutes it continued. He clashed often with The whole Fleet was out on strike; the the Pohtical Bureau, Mutiny of Invergordon of 1931 had and in a bid to restore begun. his waning loyalty he One ofthe leaders ofthe strike committee was sent to Moscow was Able Seaman Fred Copeman,a rugged for a re-injection of i4-stoner, well known throughout the enthusiasm. Fleet as a heavyweight boxer. Born in a He was feted; he workhouse and brought up in an orphanage attended a secret he had never known a father, and had lost session of the Comin his mother at the age of eight. Was it the tern : he sat behind memory of those early years—the grim, locked doors with gloomy corridors of the workhouse where Gottwald, now Czech his mother, a little old woman, frail and Prime Minister; Tito stone-deaf, seemed to be endlessly scrub of Jugoslavia; Dimi- bing, the frequent pauper funerals and the troff of Bulgaria, and atmosphere of poverty and hopelessness-^ other weU known % figures. But the serum *Blandford Press, 8/6 did not take. He 15 U TIN TUT

PROFESSOR LEN ALLEN RANGOON UNIVERSITY

UTIN TUTj former Foreign curfew was imposed. In spite of this, Minister of Burma, was buried there were two large-scale night raids in on September 28 with full military the Rangoon area by bandit insurrec honours. He was killed by a hand- tionists. Aircraft were used to strafe or grenade or bomb which blew up inside bomb insurgents, sometimes within his heavily guarded station wagon as twenty miles of the capital. Prome, a he drove from his office at The ..key city on the Irrawaddy 170 miles New Times of Burma at 9.30 on north of Rangoon, had fallen. the night of September 17. In Trains from Rangoon to the the explosion his left leg was strategic centres of Bassein, Man- shattered and his jaw was dalay, and Mouhnein were broken. "Take me home," he halted. However, during Sep said to his driver. But a few tember the Government minutes later he lost con offensive has considerably sciousness, never to regain improved matters. Prome it again. A small sliver of has been liberated. Other steel had punctured his insurgent strongholds have skuU behind the ear. He fallen. There is a feeling died in the Rangoon General here now in Burma that the Hospital at 7.37 p.m., Sep- i mihtary crisis may have tember 18. passed, especially with the Behind these grim details of easing of the tension in the the death of one man lies the Tenasserim area, where story of the titanic ideological the Karens temporarily seized battle for Asia, involving the control in September. destiny of a biUion people From a poUtical point of in the East and another view also the Govern billion in the West. ment appears to have Pick up the day-to- gained strength. A new day account of the struggle at any point. for he who is not on the side of law and Cabinet appointed by Premier Thakin Nu Indonesia, Malaya, China, Korea. The order is against it." on September 14 has increased the Philippines, India, Burma. The pattern Those were fighting words. U Tin Tut strength of the dominant Sociahst Party. of Communist penetration is everywhere has paid for them with his life. His At the date of writing, the popularly becoming more distinct. enemies have silenced him. But his elected Provisional Parliament is in session, In March 1948, when the armed Com country still faces the choice which he handhng the current legislative and busi munist rebeUion broke out in Burma, so fearlessly put to them. Which way ness affairs of the nation. The Government scarcely three months after the achieve will they go? What are the indications enjoys an overwhelming majority on all ment of independence, U Tin Tut today? issues that arise on the floor. Insurgent courageously wrote in his outstanding There are four ways to measure the Members of Parhament are. either in weekly paper. The Burmese ■ Review : progress of the Communist battle for the hiding or in jail. Elections imder the new "Independent Burma was bom into no control of Burma, or any other country, constitution have been scheduled for easy world. There is already in the world for that matter. Military, Political, April 1949. If these elections are held, a bitter war of ideas, and a war of ideas Economic, and Ideological. All four have this will be the first sounding of public is often the precursor to a war of arms .. . to be seen in relation to each other. opinion on the ideological issue since The real war of ideas is between that Mihtary reports may show that the Com Burma became independent. conception of personal Uberty, of free munists, at any given stage, are losing At the moment, both from a mihtary democracy and constitutional redress, and ground, but actually they may be gaining and a pohtical point of view, the Govern the conception of an autocratic state over strength. ment appears to be more than holding its riding the people, and one-party rule The situation in Burma, for example, own. What about the economic situation? attained and maintained by force and is constantly shifting from a military Here, the drain of six months of civil bloodshed. This is the choice not only point of view. During August and war is beginning to show. The Government before Burma, but before the whole September, Rangoon itself was seriously faces a budget deficit of an estimated world .. . There is no place for the cut off from the rest of the cotmtry by 100 miUion rupees for the next fiscal year. hesitant,the uncertain and the lukewarm. Communists or other insurgents. A strict The maintenance of law and order now 16

consumes over one-fourth of the national And then there are the many other At the Rangoon airport, while waiting budget. No accurate estimates of the voices, wavering, confused, fearful. for Mrs. Tin Tut on her return from damage to the current rice crop, on which Even now, at the date of writing, there London for her husband's funeral, one Burma largely depends for foreign are rumours that once again appeasement person was heard to say; "We shall miss exchange, are available. A sharp decline is to be tried. The situation is highly U Tin Tut. He inspired us frontier in revenues has been noted as a result unpredictable. It grows more so. people with confidence. When he visited of the upheaval. Many Rangoon mer On the ideological aspect of the struggle us along with U Aung San, we believed chants report that business has long been in Burma, General Aung San's death what he said. We trusted him. More at a standstill. Added to all this are the marked a decisive turning point. The than that, he has spoken well for our costs of widespread damage to railways, effects of his death were not fully apparent coimtry abroad. His brilliance, his know bridges, highways, and telegraphic com till the insurrection of 1948, several ledge of the world, has helped other munications, as well as the looting of local months later. U Tin Tut's death now nations to look on us as their equals. He Government treasuries in places where marks another turning point in the has made this cotmtry to be respected the insurgents have temporarily seized ideological struggle. The full effects may everywhere. Now he is gone." power. Thus, in spite of the military and be apparent only months from now, At fifty-three, U Tin Tut was stricken political strength of the Government at in 1949. at the height of his usefulness to his present, there is little optimism from any people. With years of training and quarter on the economic situation. There experience at an English public school, is some talk of inflation threatening. Cambridge University, in the Indian All of this is in sharp contrast to the Civfl. Service, and in a variety of public balanced budget which U Tin Tut pre responsibilities, he combined in himself a sented to Parliament a year ago when he rare degree of wisdom, statesmanship, was Minister of Finance. and a capacity for prodigiously hard work. Most serious of all is the highly confused His enemies have damned him in a ideological situation. And it is at just this thousand ways. And many have been point where the real tragedy of the faint in their praise. But no one ever mtirders of General Aung San and now doubted that he loved Burma. U Tin Tut becomes most apparent. Both So passes - one of Burma's greatest these men spoke with the clear voice of present-day leaders. A financier, scholar, moral decisiveness on the basic ideological journalist and statesman. And not the issue. They have been silenced. Certain least, a beloved husband and father. And editors also have recently dared to speak a friend to many. Among them he counted clearly on this issue. One of them not only the minorities of Biuma, but the received an anonymous telephone call eminent of many countries. threatening him with death. Tin Tut is gone. But the battle for the soul of his country goes on. He gave his life on the side of moral ideology against the forces of godless materialism. Burma also will choose between these two. That's the story behind the news here today. And it's the story of this mighty continent, whose decision will determine the destiny of mankind.

■iT I'libtislied monthly by Sew World Nlswis, 4 H-tys Mews. London, W.I . Phone: Grosvehor 3443; Printed by Kembraudt Photogravure LihatMi Hagdeo Lahh, Watford. iVot'rWhrr 1948. .Subscription : 7/6 a year, post tree, to all countries. Also published in U.S.A., S33, S. F1 ao, bt, Lo.- A igilos, CalJui