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Volumen-XI.Pdf REVISTA DE LA ACADEMIA PUERTORRIQUEÑA DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y LEGISLACIÓN SAN JUAN, 2013 VOLUMEN XI ACADEMIA PUERTORRIQUEÑA DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y LEGISLACIÓN Correspondiente de la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación Fundada el 9 de diciembre de 1985 Académicos de Número 2013 Lcdo. Antonio García Padilla, Presidente Hon. Juan R. Torruella, Vicepresidente Hon. Lady Alfonso de Cumpiano, Secretaria Lcdo. Antonio Escudero Viera, Tesorero Hon. Miguel Hernández Agosto Hon. Salvador E. Casellas Moreno Dr. Efraín González Tejera Dr. Carmelo Delgado Cintrón Dr. Demetrio Fernández Quiñones Lcdo. Ernesto L. Chiesa Aponte Lcdo. José J. Álvarez González Hon. Liana Fiol Matta Prof. Carlos E. Ramos González Lcda. Olga Soler – Bonnin Lcdo. Salvador Antonetti Zequeira Lcdo. Lino J. Saldaña (†) Lcdo. Marcos A. Ramírez Irizarry (†) Lcdo. Eugenio S. Belaval (†) Lcdo. Wallace González Oliver (†) Dr. José Trías Monge, Presidente (†) Académicos Honorarios Hon. Jean Louis Baudouin Hon. José A. Cabranes “La Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación, correspondiente de la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia de España, tiene como fines promover la investigación y la práctica del Derecho y de sus ciencias auxiliares, así como contribuir a las reformas y progreso de la legislación puertorriqueña”. Artículo 1, Título primero de los Estatutos. ACADEMIA PUERTORRIQUEÑA DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y LEGISLACIÓN Apartado Postal 23340, San Juan PR 00931-3340 Teléfono: 787-999-9652 / Fax. 787- 999-9603 e-mail: [email protected] Las oficinas ejecutivas de la Academia se encuentran localizadas en el tercer piso de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. Comisión de la Revista Antonio García Padilla Presidente Mariana Hernández Directora Ejecutiva La Revista de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación se publica periódicamente. Es el órgano oficial científico de la Academia. Toda correspondencia deberá dirigirse a la Directora Ejecutiva, a la siguiente dirección: Revista de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación Apartado Postal 23340 San Juan PR 00931-3340 Para que la revista considere una posible colaboración, deberá dirigir un ejemplar a la Academia, a la mencionada dirección postal. La revista no se solidariza oficialmente con las opiniones sostenidas por los colaboradores en sus artículos o monografías. Toda suscripción en Estados Unidos y Canadá debe procesarse a través de nuestras oficinas en la dirección postal antes mencionada o a través de nuestro correo electrónico: [email protected]. “Revista de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación” is published by the Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación. All subscription in the United States and Canada must be processed through our offices in the mailing address before mentioned, or our electronic mail: [email protected]. Revista de la Academia Puertorriquena de Jurisprudencia y Legislacion (Print) ISSN 2168-8176 Revista de la Academia Puertorriquena de Jurisprudencia y Legislacion (Online) ISSN 2168-8192 REVISTA de la ACADEMIA PUERTORRIQUEÑA DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y LEGISLACIÓN ───────────────────────────────────────────────── VOL. XI 2013 ───────────────────────────────────────────────── ÍNDICE DISCURSOS DE RECEPCIÓN Página Arbitraje Comercial en Puerto Rico: ¿Solución o Problema? Salvador Antonetti Zequeira ............................................................. 1 La Salud de Nuestro Derecho Mercantil: Respuesta al Discurso de Incorporación a la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación del licenciado Salvador Antonetti Zequeira Antonio García Padilla .................................................................. 28 ARTÍCULOS Re-examen de Llamamientos a Suceder: Apuntes de Derecho Comparado Efraín González Tejera ................................................................... 33 La Participación de Ramón Power y Giralt en las Sesiones Secretas de las Cortes de Cádiz Enrique P. García-Agulló y Orduña ............................................... 53 Comentarios en Torno a la Política de Drogas de Portugal Carmen E. Albizu-García ............................................................... 75 Ramón Power y su gestión como Diputado a Cortes Carmen R. Vélez Oliver .................................................................. 82 ARBITRAJE COMERCIAL EN PUERTO RICO: ¿SOLUCIÓN O PROBLEMA?1 Salvador Antonetti Zequeira2 Ya para las últimas tres décadas del siglo pasado se comentaba en revistas jurídicas de los Estados Unidos sobre el crecimiento extraordinario del arbitraje y otros métodos alternos para resolver disputas comerciales, en sustitución de los procesos judiciales.3 Ante las críticas y problemas reales de las demoras y altos costos de los pleitos; y ante el carácter cada vez más litigioso de la sociedad, los métodos alternos se presentaron como posible solución o por lo menos como alivio. El modelo exitoso del arbitraje laboral, incorporado a la mayoría de los convenios colectivos de mediados de siglo, fue un incentivo adicional. Existía una jurisprudencia extensa sobre el arbitraje laboral y se había desarrollado un cuadro de árbitros y un sistema de agencias administrativas federales y estatales con experiencia en resolver disputas laborales fuera de los tribunales. Sin embargo, el arbitraje comercial no había crecido a la par con el arbitraje laboral. A pesar de que la Ley Federal de Arbitraje data del 1925 no fue hasta la década de los años setenta que algunos juristas comenzaron a pensar en el arbitraje y otros métodos alternos como remedio para la congestión de los tribunales y como manera de acelerar la resolución de controversias comerciales, notablemente en las industrias de valores y de seguros, a un costo menor que el de los pleitos. Varios autores han señalado que una ponencia de 1976 del profesor Frank Sander ante la Conferencia [Roscoe] Pound marcó el inicio del estudio formal de los métodos alternos de resolución de disputas fuera del campo laboral.4 Para el fin del siglo se tildaba de “revolución” el desarrollo y crecimiento del 1 Discurso pronunciado en el Salón de Actos del Ateneo Puertorriqueño, en el acto de la instalación del licenciado Salvador Antonetti como Académico de Número de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de Puerto Rico, el 10 de abril de 2012. 2 Académico de Número de la Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de Puerto Rico. 3 Ver Harry T. Edwards, Alternative Dispute Resolution: Panacea or Anathema?, 99 HARV. L. REV. 668-669 (1986). 4 Ver Frank A. Sander, Varieties of Dispute Processing, THE POUND CONFERENCE: PERSPECTIVES OF JUSTICE IN THE FUTURE (1979), citado en Developments in the Law – The Paths of Civil Litigation: VI. ADR, the Judiciary, and Justice: Coming to Terms with the Alternatives, 113 HARV. L. REV. 1851, 1853 n. 9 (2000). Academia Puertorriqueña de Jurisprudencia y Legislación - Revista Volumen XI 1 arbitraje comercial y otros métodos alternos, con la bendición y el apoyo de los tribunales.5 En Puerto Rico, el arbitraje comercial también ha sido favorecido por los tribunales. Como ha señalado repetidamente el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico, “existe una fuerte política pública a favor del arbitraje”6 y “[a]nte un convenio de arbitraje lo prudencial es la abstención judicial”;7 y “el arbitraje en Puerto Rico, como método alterno de solución de disputas, juega un papel preeminente.”8 En 1998 el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico aprobó un Reglamento de Métodos Alternos para la Resolución de Conflictos, que entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 1999, cuya primera regla declara como política pública de la Rama Judicial fomentar el uso de mecanismos complementarios al sistema adjudicativo tradicional con el fin de impartir justicia en una forma más eficiente, rápida y económica9. Las cláusulas de arbitraje hoy son comunes en la industria de la construcción y en una amplia gama de acuerdos comerciales.10 Además del endoso judicial, el arbitraje comercial tiene, según sus favorecedores, una serie de beneficios. Entre estos resaltan: a) La confidencialidad, ya que generalmente ni las alegaciones, ni los expedientes, ni los laudos están disponibles para examen por terceros, lo cual protege información que las partes no desean hacer disponible a sus competidores o al público en general; b) La relativa informalidad de los procedimientos, ya que no aplican reglas de evidencia o de procedimiento más allá de las escuetas que establecen las partes, las reglas de la entidad que administra el arbitraje, o el propio árbitro; 5 Edwards, supra nota 1. 6 S.L.G. Méndez-Acevedo v. Nieves Rivera, 179 DPR 359, 368 (2010); Bird Const. Corp. v. A.E.E., 152 DPR 928, 937 (2000); McGregor–Doniger v. Tribunal Superior, 98 DPR 864, 869 (1970). 7 UCPR v. Triangle Engineering Corp., 136 DPR 133, 142 (1994). 8 VDE Corporation v. F& R Contractors, Inc., 180 DPR 21, 32 (2010). 9 4 LPRA Ap. XXIX. R. 1 (1.01). 10 El Centro Internacional para Resolución de Disputas, afiliado a la American Arbitration Association informa que ese centro ha administrado unos 150 casos presentados por partes de Puerto Rico en los últimos seis (6) años (2005-2010), un promedio de 25 al año. Ver correo electrónico de Thomas M. Ventrone, Vicepresidente del International Centre for Dispute Resolution, al autor (15 de marzo de 2011, 13:20 AST) (en los expedientes del autor). Nótese que estos números no incluyen arbitrajes comerciales no administrados por esa organización.
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