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Sessa Rosa 29.Pdf In memoria della professoressa Maria Luisa Scalvini (1934-2017) Rosa Sessa «BY MEANS OF ROME» ROBERT VENTURI: PRIMA DEL POST-MODERN 1944-1966 Tesi di Dottorato Dottorato di Ricerca in Architettura. XXIX Ciclo. Dipartimento di Architettura. Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II aprile 2017 Tesi di Dottorato BY MEANS OF ROME ROBERT VENTURI: PRIMA DEL POST-MODERN 1944-1966 Dottoranda Rosa Sessa Tutor Fabio Mangone Andrea Maglio Direttore del Dottorato Michelangelo Russo Advisor David Leatherbarrow University of Pennsylvania Revisori esterni Federico Bucci Politecnico di Milano Denise Costanzo Pennsylvania State University Commissione finale Donatella Fiorani Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Fulvio Irace Politecnico di Milano Emanuele Romeo Politecnico di Torino UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II - DiArc DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN ARCHITETTURA - XXIX CICLO - AREA TEMATICA (S): Storia e Restauro © 2017 Rosa Sessa A Anna Salvo e Alfonso Fiore, i miei nonni, i primi a raccontarmi l’America. To Denise Scott Brown and Robert Venturi, to whom I promised I would do a good job. BY MEANS OF ROME ROBERT VENTURI: PRIMA DEL POST-MODERN (1944-1966) Rosa Sessa RINGRAZIAMENTI / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................... 4 PREMESSA ................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUZIONE ....................................................................................................................... 8 Obiettivi e posizione critica ............................................................................................................................... 8 Struttura della tesi e metodologia ..................................................................................................................... 9 Fonti di archivio ................................................................................................................................................ 11 ENGLISH ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... 14 CAPITOLO 1. Macro-contesto storico. La modernità in America: dalla Chicago Fair alle neo- avanguardie degli anni Sessanta .................................................................................................. 17 1.01 Introduzione. Il rifiuto di Parigi e l’inizio di una ricerca moderna in America ............................... 19 1.02 L’architettura americana e il contraddittorio confronto con l’Europa: dall’inizio del Novecento all’alba del secondo conflitto mondiale .......................................................................................................... 24 1.03 L’evoluzione americana dell’architettura moderna .............................................................................. 34 Il dibattito architettonico del secondo dopoguerra ................................................................................................. 35 CAPITOLO 2. Micro-contesto. La famiglia di Robert Venturi e la città di Philadelphia (1925- 1944) ............................................................................................................................................. 49 2.01 “My artistic and intellectual parents”: il contesto familiare e le origini italiane ............................... 50 2.02 Contesto fisico e urbano: Philadelphia, l’architettura di Furness, i primi viaggi ............................. 57 Upper Darby, Bryn Mawr, Beach Haven: i quartieri dell’infanzia di Robert Venturi ........................................ 57 Il viaggio a New York con il padre............................................................................................................................. 59 Frank Furness e la sua influenza in America ............................................................................................................ 60 Robert Venturi in difesa di Frank Furness ................................................................................................................ 65 La città di Philadelphia ................................................................................................................................................. 67 CAPITOLO 3. La School of Architecture della Princeton University. I primi anni universitari di Robert Venturi (1944-1948) .......................................................................................................... 73 3.01 La fondazione delle scuole di architettura in America ........................................................................ 74 Cenni storici sull’insegnamento dell’architettura in America ................................................................................. 74 La storia dell’architettura come studio degli esempi del passato ........................................................................... 77 La storia messa al bando .............................................................................................................................................. 80 1 Rosa Sessa: “By Means of Rome. Robert Venturi: prima del Post-Modern”. Tesi di Dottorato in Architettura. XXIX ciclo, 2017 3.02 La Princeton University e gli studi universitari di Robert Venturi ................................................... 81 La fondazione della School of Architecture e la nascita del Princeton System................................................... 81 La scuola di Jean Labatut e Donald Drew Egbert ................................................................................................... 84 Robert Venturi a Princeton ......................................................................................................................................... 88 CAPITOLO 4. The Golden Air of Rome. Il primo viaggio di Venturi in Europa (1948) .......... 101 4.01 American Grand Tour .......................................................................................................................... 102 La tradizione americana del viaggio in Europa ...................................................................................................... 102 I viaggiatori americani e la scoperta dell’Italia ........................................................................................................ 105 Editoria di viaggio ....................................................................................................................................................... 108 Architetti in Italia e la ricerca di nuovi riferimenti ................................................................................................. 110 4.02 Robert Venturi in Europa ..................................................................................................................... 112 In continuità con la tradizione del viaggio di conoscenza: preparazione e influenze ...................................... 112 Le lettere dall’Europa: dall’idea di pittoresco all’esperienza dei luoghi .............................................................. 115 L’educazione alla percezione dei luoghi: storia e contesto nella filosofia di Princeton ................................... 117 4.03: Lettere dall’Europa ................................................................................................................................ 119 Lettere da Londra (6-13 luglio) ................................................................................................................................. 121 Lettere da Parigi (14 luglio – 7 agosto) .................................................................................................................... 123 Lettere da Roma e Napoli (8-23 agosto) ................................................................................................................. 124 Lettere da Firenze e Venezia (23 agosto – 6 settembre) ....................................................................................... 130 Verso Liverpool: ultime lettere dall’Europa (6-10 settembre) ............................................................................. 134 CAPITOLO 5. Context in Architectural Composition. Il report sul viaggio in Europa e la tesi di laurea (1948-1950) ................................................................................................................... 137 5.01: Summer Activities: Report and Some Impressions (1948): il report per la Princeton University .......... 138 Introduzione (pagina 1) .............................................................................................................................................. 138 Italia (pagine 2-5) ......................................................................................................................................................... 140 Inghilterra (pagina 5)................................................................................................................................................... 145 Francia (pagine 5-8) .................................................................................................................................................... 146 Conclusioni: le lezioni dall’Italia (pagine 8-9) ......................................................................................................... 149 5.02: M.F.A.: Context in Architectural Composition (1950): la tesi di laurea ................................................. 151 “Context
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