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Architetti E Ingegneri Italiani in Albania

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Architetti E Ingegneri Italiani in Albania ARCHITETTI E INGEGNERI ITALIANI IN ALBANIA a cura di Ezio Godoli e Ulisse Tramonti © Copyright 2012 by Edifir Edizioni Firenze s.r.l. Via Fiume, 8 – 50123 Firenze Tel. 05528639 – Fax 055289478 www.edifir.it – [email protected] Responsabile del progetto editoriale Simone Gismondi Responsabile editoriale Silvia Frassi Stampa Pacini Editore Industrie Grafiche isbn 978-88- In copertina: Fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume/fascicolo di periodico dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dall’art. 68, comma 4, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633 ovvero dall’accordo stipulato tra SIAE, AIE, SNS e CNA, ConfArtigianato, CASA, CLAAI, ConfCommercio, ConfEsercenti il 18 dicembre 2000. Le riproduzioni per uso differente da quello personale sopracitato potranno avvenire solo a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata dagli aventi diritto/dall’editore. INDICE JORGAQ KACANI Presentazione 00 ARTAN SHKRELI Gli albori di Tirana Capitale e Armando Brasini 00 ELISABETTA PROCIDA I progetti di Armando Brasini “Architetto onorario del Governo d’Albania” 00 ULISSE TRAMONTI Florestano Di Fausto. Dal Dodecaneso all’Albania attraverso Predappio 00 MARIA CONCETTA MIGLIACCIO Identità e architettura nell’esperienza albanese di Florestano Di Fausto 00 EZIO GODOLI Progetti per la SVEA (Società per lo sviluppo economico dell’Albania): documenti dagli archivi di Luigi Luiggi e Guido Fiorini 00 DIEGO CALTANA FRANCESCO KRECIC Le Assicurazioni Generali in Albania: sedi di rappresentanza e politiche immobiliari fino al 1945 00 ARMAND VOKSHI Gherardo Bosio: le opere in Albania 00 RICCARDO RENZI La Casa del Fascio di Tirana 00 MILVA GIACOMELLI I progetti di Cesare Valle per l’Albania 00 PAOLA RICCO L’attività dell’Ufficio Centrale per l’Edilizia e l’Urbanistica dell’Albania dalle carte d’archivio di Ferdinando Poggi e Ivo Lambertini 00 FRIDA DRAGUSHA DIBRA Le caratteristiche architettoniche dell’Albergo di Caccia nell’Isola di Alessio e il suo rapporto con l’ambiente tradizionale albanese 00 CRISTINA PALLINI, ANNALISA SCACCABAROZZI Tre progetti per l’Albania realizzati dalla società SOGILA 00 ETTORE SESSA Sistemazione degli spazi urbani e politica dell’immagine fascista nell’Albania degli anni Trenta 00 ELIANA MAURO L’architettura dei giardini del Ventennio in Albania 00 MARIA ADRIANA GIUSTI “Villa Reale” di Tirana: architetture, giardini, arredi, opere d’arte, dai progetti del ventennio al progetto di restauro 00 SUSANNA CACCIA Tutela e valorizzazione dell’architettura del Novecento in Albania: un percorso di musealizzazione nella città di Tirana 00 PresentazIoNE JORGAQ KACANI * Il Convegno sull’architettura italiana in Albania negli anni 1920-1940, che si è svolto a Tirana il 5-6 dicembre 2011, organizzato dal Dipartimento di Architettura - disegno, storia, progetto della Facoltà di Architettura dell’Università di Firenze in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Architettura e Urbanistica della Facoltà di Ingegneria Edile, parte dell’Università Politecnica di Tirana, per la prima volta ha mostrato in forma esauriente l’enorme lavoro molto particolare, con tanti valori storici e architettonici, svolto dagli architetti italiani in quegli anni. Non a caso il Convegno si è svolto in queste due giornate nell’edificio più importante costruito in quel periodo, la ex “ Casa del Fascio”, ora sede centrale della nostra Università Politecnica. Alla conferenza, oltre alle figure importanti dei ricercatori delle nostre due Università, hanno aderito con ampia partecipazione diversi professori e ricercatori delle Facoltà di Architettura d’Italia con le loro ricerche e analisi molto interessanti, frutto di uno studio approfondito svolto in Italia e in Albania. Questa grande partecipazione di relatori e soprattutto di pubblico, composto non solo da architetti e studenti di architettura, ha manifestato il grande interesse per questo periodo molto significativo dell’architettura progettata e costruita nelle città albanesi. Il Convegno in maniera diretta o indiretta ha messo in luce alcuni aspetti: - primo, i valori materiali e concettuali urbanistici e architettonici che la generazione degli architetti italiani degli anni 1920-1940 ha prodotto e consegnato al territorio albanese fino ai giorni nostri. Per motivi politici e ideologici questi valori sono stati negati e rifiutati nei due nostri paesi, perché considerati con disprezzo come “architettura fascista” o “l’architettura di re zog”. Dopo oltre mezzo secolo, è necessaria a mente fredda la rivalutazione di questa architettura, prendendo in considerazione i pregi e le qualità di queste opere, ormai parte molto importante delle città albanesi e parte del patrimonio comune dei nostri popoli; - secondo, i valori morali ed emozionali che questa architettura trasmette, come perno fra i due popoli, legati uno all’altro sin dall’antichità, con una storia comune inseparabile. L’identificazione, la valorizzazione e la conservazione di questa architettura non solo porta con sé benefici urbani per le nostre città, ma contemporaneamente conserva e rafforza questo forte legame naturale per i prossimi passi nel futuro. - terzo, la fertile collaborazione ormai consolidata fra le due facoltà di Firenze e di Tirana dove le ricerche comuni o lo scambio di idee da molti anni è diventato molto naturale e produttivo. Bisogna sottolineare che parte di queste collaborazioni concerne l’architettura di quegli anni e il comune punto di vista su questo argomento dei professori delle due opposte rive dell’Adriatico. Desidero che i temi trattati e illustrati in questa pubblicazione, che è il prodotto degli argomenti presentati e delle discussioni svoltesi nel succitato convegno, possano servire come stimolo necessario per i ricercatori, professori e gli studenti di architettura e urbanistica, per continuare a esaminare in modo “critico” e approfondire nel loro lavoro l’argomento fino a un esauriente recupero dei fatti e dei lasciti materiali non ancora noti di quel periodo. Il completamento del mosaico della storia di quegli anni ci aiuterà a trovare altre tematiche interessanti e produttive come lo è stato questo evento. * Accademico Università Politecnico di Tirana 5 GLI ALBorI DI TIrANA capitale E ArmANDo BrASINI ARTAN SHKRELI Armando Brasini ha segnato l’avvio della progettazione in grande scala della nuova capitale dell’Albania postottomana: Tirana 1. Di fatto Tirana era “nuova” non solo come capitale ma anche come città. Era stata, infatti, “fondata” soltanto all’inizio del XVII secolo da un bey del luogo, originario del villaggio Bargjin (nei pressi di Tirana), villaggio oggi scomparso, a quanto pare assorbito dalla città in crescita. Come centro abitato pare che l’insediamento sia alquanto antico, dato che è menzionato da Procopio di Cesarea sin dal VI secolo, quando l’autore riferisce che il castello Τυρκανοσ nell’Epirus Nova è stato restaurato da Giustiniano I 2. Può darsi che tracce urbane nel suo territorio, come le rimanenze di una villa rustica ossia di una metochia, possano tuttora riscontrarsi nei resti di una chiesetta paleocristiana, pavimentata di mosaico, a ovest della città odierna, vicino a zogu’ zi e proprio nei paraggi del luogo che si chiamava Kroji Shinjinit. L’ondata gota, e poi l’invasione avaro-slava, hanno distrutto la fortificazione ivi presente che, secondo le fonti, sarebbe stata innalzata (dopo un’inattività plurisecolare) dai feudatari indigeni solo durante l’occupazione turca, alla fine del XVII secolo. È appunto questo il periodo in cui il castrum di un tempo appare come una nuova kazà ottomana, con la sua kyllie già edificata come in tutti gli altri centri islamici, per determinare in questo modo il nucleo di un insediamento permanente. Dopo la caduta dell’Albania di Giorgio Castriota, benché il paese in generale, e l’Albania Centrale in parti- colare, stesse soffrendo una condizione di duro isolamento dal resto dell’Europa, un noto cartografo ita- liano, Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola, nell’anno 1689, ha riportato per la prima volta su una carta geografica la città appena nata di nome Terrana. I due secoli seguenti non hanno comportato un rapido incremento per Tirana, che è rimasta un centro ristretto orientato verso l’agricoltura, il cui monotono corso della vita conosceva momenti di agitazione solo nei giorni del mercato, quando dai villaggi circostanti e dai sentieri delle montagne dell’est giungevano i contadini per vendere le loro merci e i loro prodotti. In tale stato fu trovata la città dai visitatori occidentali, allorché la furia dell’Impero ottomano si era smorzata e la cortina di ferro che la separava dall’occidente si stava incrinando. Un’incisione del 1851 realizzata dall’inglese Edward Lear rappresenta la piazza del mercato, vicino alla moschea di mehtep (bruciata completamente nel novembre 1944) e mostra anche il tasso limitato di urbanizzazione dell’insediamento. Solo dopo l’indipendenza del 1912, che peraltro è stata incoraggiata anche dall’Austria e dall’Italia, Tirana ha iniziato a richiamare un crescente interesse. Dopo un tentativo serbo di assoggettarla, durante la prima guerra mondiale, la città è caduta sotto il domi- nio dell’Austria-Ungheria, i cui ingegneri ne hanno compiuto il primo rilevamento topografico, fissan- do la memoria dei suoi lineamenti urbani quali si presentavano prima dei grandi mutamenti urbani- stici. La città si era sviluppata lentamente e quasi spontaneamente, perciò quando nel 1925 è stato confermato il suo ruolo di capitale della repubblica di Ahmet zogu, l’unico intervento che si poteva
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