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Download Download I DEIA EDIÇÃO Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra Email: [email protected] URL: http//www.uc.pt/imprensa_uc Vendas online: http://livrariadaimprensa.uc.pt DIREÇÃO Maria Luísa Portocarrero Diogo Ferrer CONSELHO CIENTÍFICO Alexandre Franco de Sá | Universidade de Coimbra Angelica Nuzzo | City University of New York Birgit Sandkaulen | Ruhr ‑Universität Bochum Christoph Asmuth | Technische Universität Berlin Giuseppe Duso | Università di Padova Jean ‑Christophe Goddard | Université de Toulouse‑Le Mirail Jephrey Barash | Université de Picardie Jerôme Porée | Université de Rennes José Manuel Martins | Universidade de Évora Karin de Boer | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Luís Nascimento |Universidade Federal de São Carlos Luís Umbelino | Universidade de Coimbra Marcelino Villaverde | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Stephen Houlgate | University of Warwick COORDENAÇÃO EDITORIAL Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra CONCEÇÃO GRÁFICA Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra IMAGEM DA CAPA Raquel Aido PRÉ ‑IMPRESSÃO Margarida Albino PRINT BY KDP ISBN 978‑989‑26‑1971‑2 ISBN DIGITAL 978‑989‑26‑1972‑9 DOI https://doi.org/10.14195/978‑989‑26‑1972‑9 Projeto CECH‑UC: UIDB/00196/2020 ‑ Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da Universidade de Coimbra © JULHO 2020, IMPRENSA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA RELENDO O PARMÉNIDES DE PLATÃO REVISITING PLATO’S PARMENIDES ANTÓNIO MANUEL MARTINS MARIA DO CÉU FIALHO (COORDS.) (Página deixada propositadamente em branco) In memoriam Samuel Scolnicov (Página deixada propositadamente em branco) Í NDICE Prefácio, Maria do Céu Fialho, António Manuel Martins .................. 9 Introdução, A. M. Martins ................................................................ 11 The ethical dimension of Plato’s Parmenides, Samuel Scolnicov .... 27 ”El engañoso dialogo de Platón consigo mismo en la primera parte del Parménides”, Néstor Luis Cordero ................................ 43 What are Zeno and Parmenides talking about?, Luc Brisson ........ 61 L’argomento dell’inconoscibilità delle idee in Parmenide 133b‑ ‑135a e la “teoria dei due mondi”, Francesco Fronterrota ......... 87 La partecipazione nel Parmenide, Franco Trabattoni ....................... 109 Le tesi del Parmenide come esempio di esercizio protrettico, Maurizio Migliori ......................................................................... 131 Exercices de natation dans la mer des λόγοι, Mário Jorge de Carvalho 173 Matemáticas y realidad en el ejercicio dialéctico de la segunda parte del Parménides de Platón, Juan de Dios Bares Partal ........ 227 On Plato’s ‘apparent difficulty’ of knowing the Forms (Parmenides 133‑135), Beatriz Bossi ................................................................ 249 La “presenza” delle idee negli enti sensibili, una concezione materialista della μέθεξις?, Francesca Pizzuti .......................... 269 O Sonho de Parmênides: “se o Um não é…”, Gabriele Cornelli ...... 287 A figura do ‘Socrates immaturus’ no Parmenides (126a‑137b), Samuel Carvalhais de Oliveira ...................................................... 309 7 Condurre all‘Accademia. L‘educazione dei giovani nel Parmenide di Platone, Laura Candiotto ......................................................... 345 Tratar‑se‑á de uma Paródia? O Parménides de Platão e o Tragicó‑ mico, Paulo Alexandre Lima ......................................................... 367 La inefabilidad de lo uno en el Parménides de Platón y la exégesis de Plotino, María Jesús Hermoso Félix ........................................ 395 A Katabasis das Formas em Platão – Uma leitura do Parmênides, Luciano Coutinho .......................................................................... 413 Referencias al Parménides de Platón en Puerta del Cielo, de Abraham Cohen de Herrera, Miquel A. Beltrán Munar, Miguel Riera Font .. 427 8 P REFÁCIO Entre 14 e 16 de junho de 2012, realizou‑se em Coimbra um congresso internacional sobre o Parménides de Platão, por ocasião da segunda reunião da secção mediterrânea da International Plato Society. Nele se reuniram investigadores seniores da obra platónica e investigadores mais jovens num encontro de ge‑ rações e de experiências que cremos ter resultado interessante e enriquecedor para todos. O Congresso foi organizado por duas Unidades de I&D, se‑ diadas na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra e financiadas pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia: a Unidade de I&D Linguagem, Interpretação e Filosofia – LIF e o Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos (CECH). Os trabalhos que agora se publicam resultam de uma seleção e revisão das comunicações apresentadas e discutidas naquele congresso. Agradecemos a todos os que tornaram possível este aconteci‑ mento, desde os alunos e colegas que colaboraram na sua organi‑ zação às autoridades académicas pelo seu apoio institucional e logístico e sobretudos aos que contribuíram com as suas comu‑ nicações e textos. Agradecemos ainda aos revisores anónimos da Imprensa da Universidade a sua preciosa colaboração para a melhoria dos textos aqui publicados. Maria do Céu Fialho António Manuel Martins 9 (Página deixada propositadamente em branco) INTRODUÇÃO António Manuel Martins Universidade de Coimbra ORCID https://orcid.org/0000‑0003‑0383‑8397 Não há diálogos de Platão de leitura fácil. A aparente menor complexidade de alguns deles é enganadora. Mas podemos con‑ siderar que há um amplo consenso a respeito do lugar especial e fulcral que o Parménides ocupa no contexto do Corpus Platonicum. As dificuldades específicas que o leitor deste diálogo é convidado a superar explicam bem o seu destino ao longo dos séculos e a falta de consenso mínimo na sua interpretação mesmo dentro de tradições interpretativas com alguma homogeneidade. Para uma primeira informação sobre essa história da leitura crítica do Parménides remetemos para alguns textos informativos de vários colaboradores deste volume: Luc Brisson1, Francesco Fronterotta2 e Maurizio Migliori3. 1 Luc Brisson, Platon. Parménide, traduction inédite, introduction et notes par Luc Brisson, (Paris: Flammarion. 3.e edition 2011), na introdução, com abundante bibliografia, e nos primeiros dois apêndices (sobre a interpretação do Parménides na Antiguidade, 285‑291; e sobre as interpretações “analíticas” do Parménides, 293‑ ‑306. Sobre a tradição neoplatónica publicou ainda numerosos estudos de entre os quais gostaríamos de salientar os quatro estudos de Luc Brisson que saíram numa publicação em que se investigaram as vicissitudes das leituras do Parménides na recepção platónica, gnóstica e patrística: John D. Turner, Kevin Corrigan (ed.), Plato’s Parmenides and Its Heritage, Volume 1: History and Interpretation from the Old Academy to later Platonism and Gnosticism. Volume 2: Reception in Patristic, Gnostic and Christian Neoplatonic Texts. (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2010). https://doi.org/10.14195/978‑989‑26‑1972‑9_0 23 Os textos aqui publicados resultam de uma seleção e reformulação de comunicações apresentadas no congresso internacional sobre o Parménides de Platão, realizado em Coimbra, por ocasião da segunda reunião da secção mediterrânea da International Plato Society. Partindo do facto, unanimemente reconhecido, de o Parménides ser o diálogo mais controverso de Platão, Samuel Scolnicov reconhece um traço comum à esmagadora maioria das interpre‑ tações deste diálogo4. Quase todas esquecem a dimensão ética deste diálogo fulcral na obra platónica. Cita a obra de Mitchel Miller (1986) como a exceção que confirma a regra5. Sendo a rejeição socrática da vida não‑examinada uma constante da obra platónica, desde a Apologia até às Leis, ela não podia deixar de estar atuante num diálogo tão central como o Parménides. A dimensão ontológica das questões discutidas no Parménides é inegável, mas não se pode esquecer, lembra Scolnicov, que a sua exploração estava ao serviço de uma possível justificação daquilo a que poderíamos chamar a sua ética. Retomando alguns aspetos centrais da sua interpretação deste diálogo6 Scolnicov diz‑nos que em Platão as dificuldades criadas pelos filósofos de Eleia só podem ser superadas partindo da aceitação do postulado de 2 Francesco Fronterotta, Guida alla Lettura del Parmenide di Platone. (Bari: Laterza, 1998), 106‑122. Uma informação mais atualizada, no contexto da interpre‑ tação da obra platónica, pode ler‑se em Francesco Fronterotta, “Gli orientamenti della critica platonica contemporanea”, in Storia della filosofia antica. II. Platone e Aristotele, ed. Franco Trabattoni (Roma: Carocci, 2016): 125‑142. 3 Maurizio Migliori, Dialettica e Verità. Commentario Filosofico al Parmenide di Platone. (Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 1990): 56‑90; Maurizio Migliori. Platone (Brescia: La scuola, 2017): 309‑322. 4 Samuel Scolnicov, “The ethical dimension of Plato’s Parmenides”, pp. 27‑41 deste volume. 5 Mitchel Miller, Plato’s Parmenides: The Conversion of the Soul (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1986). Ver também Mitchell Miller. 1995. “Unwritten Teachings” in the “Parmenides”, The Review of Metaphysics, 48, No. 3: 591‑633. 6 Samuel Scolnicov, Plato’s Parmenides (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003). 12 que há dois modos de ser básicos: ser em si (kath’auto) e ser em relação a outro (pros ti ou pros allo). A isto haveria que associar três tipos de entidades básicas caracterizadas por aqueles modos: (i) o Uno puro do primeiro argumento e seus derivados (IV,VI, VIII); (ii) ideias, que devem ser tanto kath’hauto como pros ti. A dimensão normativa das ideias, omnipresente no texto platónico, torna‑se mais facilmente vivível
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