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Hispano – Árabe DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA EVALUACIÓN DEL ESQUEMA DE SELECCIÓN DE LA RAZA EQUINA HISPANO – ÁRABE TESIS DOCTORAL DE: MAYRA GÓMEZ CARPIO Córdoba, España 2016 TITULO: Evaluación del esquema de selección de la raza equina hispano-árabe. AUTOR: Mayra Mercedes Gómez Carpio © Edita: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba. 2016 Campus de Rabanales Ctra. Nacional IV, Km. 396 A 14071 Córdoba www.uco.es/publicaciones [email protected] D. Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Doctor en Veterinaria y Profesor titular de la Universidad de Córdoba, y D. José Manuel León Jurado, Doctor en Veterinaria y funcionario de la Diputación de Córdoba, en su calidad de Directores de la Tesis Doctoral de Dª Mayra Mercedes Gómez Carpio. IINFORMAN: Que la tesis titulada “EVALUACIÓN DEL ESQUEMA DE SELECCIÓN DE LA RAZA EQUINA HISPANO – ÁRABE”, realizada por Dña. Mayra Mercedes Gómez Carpio bajo nuestra dirección y asesoramiento, en el Departamento de Genética de la Universidad de Córdoba, reúne las condiciones y calidad científica necesaria para su lectura y defensa con vistas a optar al Título de Doctor. Para que conste y a los efectos oportunos, firmo el presente. Córdoba a 1 de febrero del 2016. Dr. Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo Dr. José Manuel León Jurado TÍTULO DE LA TESIS: EVALUACIÓN DEL ESQUEMA DE SELECCIÓN DE LA RAZA EQUINA HISPANO-ÁRABE DOCTORANDO/A: MAYRA MERCEDES GÓMEZ CARPIO INFORME RAZONADO DEL/DE LOS DIRECTOR/ES DE LA TESIS (se hará mención a la evolución y desarrollo de la tesis, así como a trabajos y publicaciones derivados de la misma). La consecución de los objetivos propuestos en esta Tesis Doctoral tiene su base en el Programa de Mejora Genética del Caballo Hispano-Árabe aprobado por el MAGRAMA el (Orden APA/2129/2008, de 26 de diciembre, BOE 23, de 27 de enero de 2009). En una primera fase se iniciaron una serie contactos con la Unión Española de Ganaderos de Pura Raza Hispano-Árabe para el diseño de los protocolos de control de rendimientos, tanto en lo que a la calificación de la conformación (armonía) como la calificación y registro de los aires (paso, trote y galope) se refiere. En una segunda etapa se llevaron a cabo los análisis demográficos de la población con la finalidad de conocer las pirámides de edades, tamaños efectivos e incrementos de consanguinidad, para de esta forma poder abordar un adecuado plan de mejora genética. Una vez puestas a punto las bases de datos de genealogía y control de rendimientos se realizaron las correspondientes evaluaciones genéticas para los caracteres de armonía, paso, trote y galope, así como también la estimación de parámetros genéticos y el cálculo de las tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas, teniendo también en cuenta los niveles de sangre de los individuos de la población. En este aspecto se compararon la metodología infinitesimal y Bayesiana para determinar su eficiencia en el cálculo de parámetros genéticos como los valores de cría. De esto resultó una importante optimización de los métodos de cálculo, a la vez que presentaron avances de gran interés para la comunidad científica. En un interesante e innovador capítulo final, se propusieron la estimación de los coeficientes de adscripción molecular a la raza Árabe como covariable eficiente para corregir los efectos de heterosis en los modelos matemáticos de evaluación genética, sustituyendo los valores empíricos basados en el pedigrí utilizados hasta ahora. Este estudio es de sumo interés en una raza híbrida como esta, en la que los niveles de sangre son heterogéneos y pueden sesgar con efectos de dominancia, de epistasia y las estimaciones de los valores genéticos aditivos y, por tanto, afectar a la fiabilidad de los mismos. Entendemos que el presente trabajo por su exhaustividad, originalidad y aplicabilidad es una gran aportación para la ciencia en general y para el sector equino en especial, por ello declaramos nuestro convencimiento en su madurez para ser defendido para la obtención del grado de doctora por parte de Dª Mayra Mercedes Gómez Carpio. Publicaciones: . Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; Landi-Periati, Vincenzo; Martínez-Martínez, María Amparo; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Fernández, J.; Vega-Pla, José Luis; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2014. Estudio preliminar del componente racial en el caballo Hispano- Árabe utilizando marcadores moleculares. Actas Iberoamericanas de Conservación Animal. Vol. 4.:330-332. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Fernández, Javier; Landi-Periati, Vincenzo; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2013. Genetic progress in harmony and movements traits in Spanish Arabian horses. Italian Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 12.: 75. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; Fernández-Álvarez, Javier; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2011. Comportamiento de los niveles de consanguinidad en la raza equina Hispano- Árabe. Actas Iberoamericanas de Conservación Animal. Vol. 1.: 98-101. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-, J. M.; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2011. Análisis demográfico de la raza equina Hispano-Árabe. Archivos de zootecnia. Vol. 60.: 341- 344. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Rodríguez-De La Borbolla, A.; Peláez-, Jesús; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2009. Parámetros genéticos de los caracteres de funcionalidad de la raza equina Hispano-Árabe. FEAGAS. Nº 35: 145- 148. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Rodríguez-, Antonio; Peláez-, J; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2008. Evolución genética para los caracteres de funcionalidad de la raza equina Hispano-Árabe. FEAGAS. Nº 34: 191-195. Trabajos en Congresos: . Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Fernández-Álvarez, Javier; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2013. Resultados preliminares del estudio de efectos fijos y test de normalidad en los caracteres de conformación y movilidad del caballo Hispano-Árabe. XIV Simposio Iberoamericano sobre Conservación y Utilización de Recursos Zoogenéticos. Concepción, Chile. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; Attalla, S. A.; Fernández, Javier; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Carolino, Nuno; Gama, Luis Telo; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2012. Preliminary comparative analysis of the application of infinitesimal and threshold models in the estimation of genetic parameters of harmony and movements traits in spanish- arabian horses. VIII Congresso Ibérico sobre Recursos Genéticos Animais. Évora, Portugal. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2010. Análisis demográfico de la población equina Hispano–Árabe. VII Congreso Ibérico sobre Recursos Genéticos Animales. Gijón, España. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2010. Estudio de las tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas para los caracteres de funcionalidad de la raza equina Hispano–Árabe. XI Simposio Iberoamericano sobre Conservación y Utilización de Recursos Zoogenéticos. Joao Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Rodríguez-De La Borbolla, A.; Peláez-García De La Puerta, Jesús; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2009. Evaluación genética para los caracteres de funcionalidad de la raza Hispano–Árabe. X Simposio Iberoamericano sobre Conservación y Utilización de Recursos Zoogenéticos. Palmira, Colombia. Gómez-Carpio, Mayra; León-Jurado, José Manuel; Rodríguez-De La Borbolla, A.; Peláez-García De La Puerta, Jesús; Delgado-Bermejo, Juan Vicente. 2009. Parámetros genéticos de los caracteres de funcionalidad de la raza equina Hispano– Árabe. X Simposio Iberoamericano sobre Conservación y Utilización de Recursos Zoogenéticos. Palmira, Colombia. Por todo ello, se autoriza la presentación de la tesis doctoral. Córdoba, 1 de febrero de 2016 Firma de los directores Fdo.: Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo Fdo.: José Manuel León Jurado Dedicado a: A mi padre, Manuel Ernesto mis hermanos, Verónica, Ernesto y Rosi mi esposo, Vince Agradecimientos Me gustaría dar las gracias a todas aquellas personas (familiares, amigos y profesores) que de distinta forma han participado y contribuido al desarrollo de esta tesis: En primer lugar ¡GRACIAS! MUCHAS GRACIAS Juanvi, por facilitar desde la distancia el primer contacto y mi llegada a Córdoba y brindarme la oportunidad de formar parte de tu Grupo PAIDI- AGR218. Gracias por tu trabajo y apoyo en la dirección de la tesis, gracias por tus enseñanzas y por depositar tu confianza en mí. Más que un director de tesis eres mi amigo. A José, por su aportación de ideas, correcciones, por su ayuda en la obtención, preparación y análisis de datos, eres todo un ejemplo de esfuerzo, superación y abnegación por lo que haces. Al grupo de investigación PAIDI AGR-218, por darme la oportunidad de formarme en esta emocionante vocación y permitirme realizar este trabajo. Muchas gracias Amparo, Espe, José Luis, Cecilio, Sergio…¡¡Gracias amigos!! A Luis Gama y Cristina, por su apoyo científico y por abrirme las puertas de su casa cuando hiciera falta. Gracias Nuno, por estar siempre dispuesto a echarme una mano en las dudas que me surgían. Gracias amigos portugueses. A Quiqui, gracias por tu apoyo, tu amabilidad y disposición en todo momento y porque siempre supe que podía contar contigo. A mi madre, por su apoyo incondicional, comprensión y cariño, por no exigir nunca nada y darme todo lo que tenía. A mis hermanas y hermano por estar siempre ahí cuando les necesitaba. Los quiero. Y no podía faltar, agradecerle al amor de mi vida, Vincenzo, gracias por tu apoyo, comprensión y hacer todo lo que haga falta para darme tu ayuda y ánimos siempre que los necesitaba. Te lo mereces por lo “sufrido”. Gracias por todo amorino!!! ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN, ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS ...........................................................................
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