DOCSLIB.ORG

Multidisciplinary Approach to Genetic Variability, Inbreeding and Fertility in the Endangered Sorraia Horse Breed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Multidisciplinary approach to genetic variability, inbreeding and fertility in the endangered Sorraia horse breed Doutoramento em Biologia Biologia da Conservação Helena Josefina Kjöllerström Tese orientada por: Profª Doutora Maria do Mar Jácome Félix Oom Prof. Doutor Bhanu Pratap Chowdhary Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor 2016 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Multidisciplinary approach to genetic variability, inbreeding and fertility in the endangered Sorraia horse breed Doutoramento em Biologia Biologia da Conservação Helena Josefina Kjöllerström Tese orientada por: Profª Doutora Maria do Mar Jácome Félix Oom Prof. Doutor Bhanu Pratap Chowdhary Júri: Presidente: ●Doutora Maria Manuela Gomes Coelho de Noronha Trancoso Vogais: ● Doutora Terje Raudsepp ● Doutora Raquel Maria Garcia dos Santos Chaves ● Doutor José António dos Santos Pereira de Matos ● Doutor Luís Lavadinho Telo da Gama ● Doutora Maria Manuela Gomes Coelho de Noronha Trancoso ● Doutora Maria do Mar Jácome Félix Oom Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor SFRH/BD/81502/2011, cE3c UID/BIA/00329/2013, PRODER (57882)(EU)/Action 2.2.3 (2011-2013), LINK Equine Research Endowment, American Quarter Horse Foundation and USDA (#2012-67015-19632) 2016 This work was supported by FCT/MEC (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) PhD Fellowship (SFRH/BD/81502/2011), cE3c FCT Unit funding (Ref. UID/BIA/00329/2013), PRODER (Contract number 57882)(EU)/Action 2.2.3 (2011-2013) [Conservation and improvement of genetic resources, Sub-action 2.2.3.2. Animal component (Sorraia breed)], LINK Equine Research Endowment, American Quarter Horse Foundation and USDA (grant #2012-67015-19632). This dissertation should be cited as: Kjöllerström, H.J. (2016) Multidisciplinary approach to genetic variability, inbreeding and fertility in the endangered Sorraia horse breed. PhD Thesis, University of Lisbon, Portugal To my Family and Friends The wind of heaven is that which blows between a horse's ears. ~Arabian Proverb Nota prévia Na elaboração da presente dissertação e, nos termos do nº 2, alínea a) do Artigo 25 do regulamento de Estudos de Pós-Graduação da Universidade de Lisboa, publicado em Diário da República nº 57, 2ª Série de 23 de Março de 2015, esclarece-se que apenas foram considerados integralmente artigos científicos originais já publicados (4), submetidos (1) ou em preparação (1), em revistas indexadas de circulação internacional, os quais integram os capítulos da presente tese. A candidata declara que participou integralmente no planeamento, elaboração, análise e discussão dos resultados de todos os trabalhos com primeira autoria. No caso dos trabalhos de colaboração, nomeadamente o intitulado Genetic diversity and demographic structure of the endangered Sorraia horse breed assessed through pedigree analysis (Capítulo 2, Paper 1), a autora participou na análise, interpretação e discussão de resultados, assim como na preparação do manuscrito. A presente dissertação, por ser uma compilação de artigos científicos internacionais, foi redigida em língua Inglesa. No final de cada capítulo é apresentada uma lista de referências em vez de uma única lista no final da tese, razão pela qual poderá ocorrer duplicação das mesmas nos diferentes capítulos. Cada capítulo tem, também, associada a respectiva informação de suporte, quando necessária. Alguns capítulos têm formato diferente devido aos diferentes requisitos das revistas científicas nos quais os mesmos foram publicados, submetidos ou virão a ser submetidos. Preliminary note In the preparation of this dissertation, in accordance with paragraph 2, a) of Article 25 of the Post-Graduate Studies Regulation of the University of Lisbon (Diário da República nº 57, 2ª Série de 23 de Março de 2015), only original scientific articles already published (4), submitted (1) or in preparation (1), in international indexed journals were considered, integrating the chapters of this thesis. The candidate fully participated in the planning, preparation, result analysis, discussion and writing of the manuscripts presented as first author. In case of collaborative work, such as Genetic diversity and demographic structure of the endangered Sorraia horse breed through pedigree analysis (Chapter 2, Paper 1), the author participated in the analysis, interpretation and discussion of results, as well in the manuscript preparation. In addition, because this dissertation is composed of a series of international publications, it has been written in English. A reference list at the end of each chapter, rather than in the end of the dissertation, is presented. This may lead to references duplication between chapters. Each chapter has also their own supplementary information, when necessary. The different format between chapters is a direct result of the different requirements from the scientific journals in which they were published, or will be submitted. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS III RESUMO / PALAVRAS-CHAVE VI ABSTRACT / KEYWORDS XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 - The Sorraia horse breed 2 1.2 - Genetic variability 9 1.2.1 - Pedigree analysis 9 1.2.2 - Molecular analysis 11 1.3- Reproductive fitness and inbreeding 16 1.4- Specific aims 20 1.5- Thesis Structure 21 REFERENCES 24 CHAPTER 2: BREED CHARACTERIZATION 33 PAPER 1 - Pinheiro M., Kjöllerström H.J. & Oom M.M. (2013) Genetic diversity and demographic structure of the endangered Sorraia horse breed assessed through 34 pedigree analysis. Livestock Science 152, 1-10 PAPER 2 - Kjöllerström H.J. & Oom M.M. Morphological characterization and inbreeding effects in the endangered Sorraia Horse breed (submitted to the Journal of 45 Animal Science) PAPER 3 - Kjöllerström, H.J., Raudsepp, T., Khanshour, A., Gosh, S., Oom, M.M., Chowdhary, B.P. Genome-wide variability in the Sorraia horse (In preparation for PLoS 70 ONE) CHAPTER 3: REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS 115 PAPER 4 - Kjöllerström H.J., Gama L.T. & Oom M.M. (2015) Impact of inbreeding on fitness-related traits in the highly threatened Sorraia horse breed. Livestock Science 116 180, 84-9 I PAPER 5 - Kjöllerström H.J., Collares-Pereira M.J. & Oom M.M. (2011) First evidence of sex chromosome mosaicism in the endangered Sorraia Horse breed. Livestock Science 123 136, 273-6 PAPER 6 - Kjöllerström H.J., Oom M.M., Chowdhary, B.P & Raudsepp, T. (2016) Fertility assessment in Sorraia stallions by sperm-FISH and FKBP6 genotyping. Reproduction in 128 Domestic Animals 51, 351-9 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION 143 4.1 - Breed Characterization 144 4.2 - Reproductive fitness 152 CHAPTER 5: FINAL REMARKS 157 REFERENCES 160 GLOSSARY 166 II Acknowledgements III Acknowledgements First and foremost, I wish to thank my supervisor, Prof. Maria do Mar Oom: without your help, encouragement, support and faith in me, none of this would have been possible. Thank you for pushing me through all the hardship and chaos that happened a little bit throughout these years. A special thank you to my co-supervisor, Dr. Bhanu P. Chowdhary: you gave my PhD a new route and I learned so much because of that. Thank you for the opportunity you gave me to join your lab at Texas A&M. My work and knowledge greatly improved because of that. To Dr. Terje Raudsepp, a big thank you for all you taught me while I was at your lab. Thank you for all the discussions we had and how much you helped me when I was lost in what sense to make of my results. Thank you for making feel part of your family and for always welcoming me in your house and lab. To Prof. Maria João Collares-Pereira, for all the help and wisdom shared regarding cytogenetics. To my dad, a special thank you - your “paitrocínio” made my PhD happen! It made field work possible, travelling to Texas and also supported me for half of my PhD. Thank you for always supporting me and “forcing” me to do this because “the family business was not my future”, as you like to put it, except when it comes to meetings in Spain, ahahah. To my mom for putting up with my meltdowns when push came to shove, and for always having wise words of encouragement to share with me. To my sisters, publish or perish forever!! I love you, thank you for your support and faith in me, even in times when I didn’t believe in myself. To my nephews and niece, you always find a way to brighten up my days. Thank you for all the laughter, smiles and unconditional love. To Raquel because putting up with me for 6 years, through all the hard times I’ve been through, can’t have been easy. Thank you for never giving up on me and always being there for me, for whatever I needed at whatever time. I couldn’t have done it without you (literally!). Thank you for all the help: you’ve taught me to be a better person. To Carla, for the companionship and scientific discussions. Thank you for all you’ve taught me and for being there for me when I needed. To Ana Catarina, because Texas (and clearly the Universe) decided we needed to meet and help each other. You know you have a very special place in my life and heart; you’ve helped me through this journey. I’ve grown to be a different and better person because of you and your teachings. Thank you! To my Portuguese friends, because I know I’m a pain and have made your lives harder at points because of my meltdowns and doubts. To my Texas family, I cannot imagine my life without you. You have made my life so much better. At the same time I’ve discovered so many new things about myself. I’ve become a better person from meeting you. To Kathy, thank you for making me a part of your family, for all the experiences shared and for all you’ve done for me throughout the years. Thank you! To Doug, Lori and Clementine, thank you for everything and for making me part of your family.
Recommended publications
  • Riikka-Liisa Räbinä BENCHMARKING FINNISH and IRISH EQUESTRIAN TOURISM Thesis Kajaani University of Applied Sciences School of Tourism Tourism Spring 2010

    Riikka-Liisa Räbinä BENCHMARKING FINNISH and IRISH EQUESTRIAN TOURISM Thesis Kajaani University of Applied Sciences School of Tourism Tourism Spring 2010

    Riikka-Liisa Räbinä BENCHMARKING FINNISH AND IRISH EQUESTRIAN TOURISM Thesis Kajaani University of Applied Sciences School of Tourism Tourism Spring 2010 THESIS ABSTRACT School Degree Programme School of Tourism Tourism Author(s) Riikka-Liisa Räbinä Title Benchmarking Finnish and Irish Equestrian Tourism Optionalvaihtoehtiset Professional Studies Supervisor(s) Anneli Karppinen Commissioned by Date Total Number of Pages and Appendices Spring 2010 47 The purpose of this thesis was to benchmark Finnish and Irish equestrian tourism. One of the goals was also to examine the current status of equestrian tourism in Finland, as well as the use of the Finn- horse in equestrian tourism services. Improvement suggestions were created based on research about Irish equestrian tourism as well as the Irish Draught Horse and the Irish Sport Horse. There was no commissioner for the thesis. The topic arose from personal interest in equestrian tourism and the growing importance of the Finnhorse as part of the industry. The first part of the thesis comprises the theoretical background. It includes different aspects of eques- trian tourism in Finland and in Ireland. The current status of equestrian tourism in Finland and the safety guidelines created by the Finnish Consumer Agency are discussed in detail. The history, current status, and different usages of the Finnhorse are discussed. Also the Irish Draught Horse and the Irish Sport Horse as Irish horse breeds are elaborated. The second part is the empirical part. It gives suggestions for improving equestrian tourism in Finland and increasing the use of the Finnhorse in tourism related services. The suggestions are based on strat- egies and actions implemented by different organizations in Ireland.
  • List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds

    List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds

    List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below.
  • Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices

    Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices

    1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca
  • The Spanish Mustang and the Long Way Home by Callie Heacock and Ernesto Valdés

    The Spanish Mustang and the Long Way Home by Callie Heacock and Ernesto Valdés

    The Spanish Mustang and the Long Way Home by Callie Heacock and Ernesto Valdés The evolutionary history and preservation of the Spanish the runner of aboriginal wildness, I had to trace the Age of Horse Mustang is complex; its historical importance to the Spanish- Culture that he brought not only to Western tribes but to white Mexican settlements of Texas and, ultimately, to the colonization men who took their ranges. My chief pleasure has been in telling of the American West, cannot be overstated. J. Frank Dobie, who the tales, legendary as well as factual, of Mustangs and of rides spent years researching The Mustangs and is credited with the on horses of the Mustang breed—but historical business had to best chronicles of the horses ever written, estimated that, at their come before pleasure.”2 The Mustang history in the Americas is height, over a million Mustangs ran free in Texas. In The Mus- believed to begin with the arrival of the first Europeans; how- tangs, he wrote: “To comprehend the stallions that bore conquis- ever, an intriguing twist in its evolutionary path reveals that for tadores across the Americas, I had to go back to mares beside the horses, it was a homecoming. black tents in Arabian deserts. Before I could release myself with In 1493, on Christopher Columbus’ second voyage, twenty 16 Volume 7 • Number 1 • Fall 2009 Spanish horses stepped off the ships onto the Caribbean island to the Americas. As a result, historians cited the arrival of the of Santo Domingo and within a decade, this small band had horse with Columbus as the introduction of a new species into multiplied to over sixty horses.
  • The Status and Need for Characterization of Nordic Animal Genetic Resources

    The Status and Need for Characterization of Nordic Animal Genetic Resources

    Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science ISSN: 0906-4702 (Print) 1651-1972 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/saga20 The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources Line Sass Kierkegaard, Linn Fenna Groeneveld, Anne Kettunen & Peer Berg To cite this article: Line Sass Kierkegaard, Linn Fenna Groeneveld, Anne Kettunen & Peer Berg (2020): The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216 Published online: 10 Feb 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 80 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=saga20 ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, SECTION A — ANIMAL SCIENCE https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216 The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources Line Sass Kierkegaard a, Linn Fenna Groenevelda, Anne Kettunena,b and Peer Berga,c aFarm Animal Section, NordGen – The Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway; bNofima AS, Ås, Norway; cDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The Nordic countries are committed to conserving farm animal genetic diversity. National reports Received 14 October 2019 on phenotypic and genetic characterization point towards a lack of characterization for many Accepted 22 January 2020 Nordic native breeds. Little to no knowledge on the traits of the animals and their derived KEYWORDS products leads to potential remaining untapped.
  • THE ORIGINS of TODAY's HORSES: PHYLOGENETIC NETWORK BASED on Mtdna ANALYSES PROVIDES ANSWERS

    THE ORIGINS of TODAY's HORSES: PHYLOGENETIC NETWORK BASED on Mtdna ANALYSES PROVIDES ANSWERS

    THE ORIGINS OF TODAY'S HORSES: PHYLOGENETIC NETWORK BASED ON mtDNA ANALYSES PROVIDES ANSWERS A phylogenetic network, constructed by a German/British Team of researchers (JANSEN ET AL., 2002), and based on the largest currently available data bank, provides answers to questions such as: Are domestic horses descendants of one or more postglacial primeval horses? Has there been one or more domestication events? Are genotypes geographically linked? Is the Sorraia horse the ancestor to modern Andalusians and Lusitanos? Do the pony breeds of northern and western Europe have common ancestors? Are Arabian and Barb horses related? Is the Mongolian wild horse ancestral to domestic breeds? Mitochondrial D-loop sequencing is a reliable state-of-the-art method to determine relatedness between populations and breeds, and to establish phylogenetic facts. 318 horses from 25 oriental and European breeds, American mustangs, and Mongolian wild horses were included in this research. Together with previously published data, including such from prehistoric permafrost horses, this amounted to 652 horses, the largest data base available. The phylogenetic network constructed on the basis of these sequences showed 93 different mtDNA types, which grouped into 17 distict phylogenetic clusters (genotypes). The network revealed also that several genotypes correspond to geographic areas, and/or breeds, indicating geographically distant domestication events. The sheer number of different mtDNA types found indicates the existance of different postglacial primeval horses, which, according to zoological systematics, should be referred to as subspecies, and which evidently were sources for the domestication process. Considering the horse’s mtDNA mutation rate and the archeological timeframe, the results of this study would require a minimum estimate of 77 mares to have been recruited from the wild for the domestication process, and which must have successfully reproduced in captivity/domestication.
  • Posicionamiento Genético De La Raza Equina Hispano- Bretón

    Posicionamiento Genético De La Raza Equina Hispano- Bretón

    Actas Iberoamericanas de Conservación Animal AICA 5 (2015) 70-77 POSICIONAMIENTO GENÉTICO DE LA RAZA EQUINA HISPANO- BRETÓN GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HISPANO-BRETON HORSE BREED Cortés O.1*, Vega-Pla J.L.2, Berruezo A.3, Chomon N.4, Oom M.M.5, Dunner S.1, Delgado J.V.6, Gama L.7, Ginja C.5, Jordana J.8, Landi V.6,9, Luís C.5,10, Martín-Burriel I.11, Martínez A.M.6,9, Zaragoza P.11, Cañón J.1, BioHorse Consortium12 1Departamento de Producción Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España. *[email protected] 2Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada. Ministerio de Defensa. España. 3Consejería de Desarrollo Rural, Ganadería, Pesca y Biodiversidad. Santander. España. 4Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal (CENSYRA). Cantabria. 5CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. 6Universidad de Córdoba, España. 7CIISA – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. 8Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España. 9Animal Breeding Consulting S.L. España. 10Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. 11Universidad de Zaragoza, España. 12BioHorse Consortium: http://biohorse.jimdo.com/ Keywords: Hispano-Breton Abstract horse breed The Hispano-Breton equine breed is located in the North of the Iberian Peninsula Genetic diversity and currently is an endangered breed. In order to analyze the genetic variability of Genetic the Hispano-Breton horse breed and its genetic relationships with other horse breeds relationship located in the Iberian Peninsula a total of 25 autosomal microsatellites have been Molecular markers analyzed in 30 samples of the Hispano-Breton horse breed and in an additional 20 Iberian horse horse breeds that represent a comprehensive sampling of current Iberian Peninsula breeds horse breeds.
  • A Genome-Wide Association Study for Harness Racing Success in the Norwegian- Swedish Coldblooded Trotter Reveals Genes for Learning and Energy Metabolism Brandon D

    A Genome-Wide Association Study for Harness Racing Success in the Norwegian- Swedish Coldblooded Trotter Reveals Genes for Learning and Energy Metabolism Brandon D

    Velie et al. BMC Genetics (2018) 19:80 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-018-0670-3 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access A genome-wide association study for harness racing success in the Norwegian- Swedish coldblooded trotter reveals genes for learning and energy metabolism Brandon D. Velie1* , Kim Jäderkvist Fegraeus1, Marina Solé1, Maria K. Rosengren1, Knut H. Røed2, Carl-Fredrik Ihler3, Eric Strand3 and Gabriella Lindgren1,4 Abstract Background: Although harness racing is of high economic importance to the global equine industry, significant genomic resources have yet to be applied to mapping harness racing success. To identify genomic regions associated with harness racing success, the current study performs genome-wide association analyses with three racing performance traits in the Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter using the 670 K Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: Following quality control, 613 horses and 359,635 SNPs were retained for further analysis. After strict Bonferroni correction, nine genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for career earnings. No genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for number of gallops or best km time. However, four suggestive genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for number of gallops, while 19 were identified for best km time. Multiple genes related to intelligence, energy metabolism, and immune function were identified as potential candidate genes for harness racing success. Conclusions: Apart from the physiological requirements needed for a harness racing horse to be successful, the results of the current study also advocate learning ability and memory as important elements for harness racing success. Further exploration into the mental capacity required for a horse to achieve racing success is likely warranted.
  • Complaint Report

    Complaint Report

    EXHIBIT A ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY COMMISSION #1 NATURAL RESOURCES DR. LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 501-907-2400 Complaint Report Type of Complaint Received By Date Assigned To COMPLAINANT PREMISES VISITED/SUSPECTED VIOLATOR Name Name Address Address City City Phone Phone Inspector/Investigator's Findings: Signed Date Return to Heath Harris, Field Supervisor DP-7/DP-46 SPECIAL MATERIALS & MARKETPLACE SAMPLE REPORT ARKANSAS STATE PLANT BOARD Pesticide Division #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 Insp. # Case # Lab # DATE: Sampled: Received: Reported: Sampled At Address GPS Coordinates: N W This block to be used for Marketplace Samples only Manufacturer Address City/State/Zip Brand Name: EPA Reg. #: EPA Est. #: Lot #: Container Type: # on Hand Wt./Size #Sampled Circle appropriate description: [Non-Slurry Liquid] [Slurry Liquid] [Dust] [Granular] [Other] Other Sample Soil Vegetation (describe) Description: (Place check in Water Clothing (describe) appropriate square) Use Dilution Other (describe) Formulation Dilution Rate as mixed Analysis Requested: (Use common pesticide name) Guarantee in Tank (if use dilution) Chain of Custody Date Received by (Received for Lab) Inspector Name Inspector (Print) Signature Check box if Dealer desires copy of completed analysis 9 ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY COMMISSION #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 (501) 225-1598 REPORT ON FLEA MARKETS OR SALES CHECKED Poultry to be tested for pullorum typhoid are: exotic chickens, upland birds (chickens, pheasants, pea fowl, and backyard chickens). Must be identified with a leg band, wing band, or tattoo. Exemptions are those from a certified free NPIP flock or 90-day certificate test for pullorum typhoid. Water fowl need not test for pullorum typhoid unless they originate from out of state.
  • Finnish Narratives of the Horse in World War II 123

    Finnish Narratives of the Horse in World War II 123

    Finnish Narratives of the Horse in World War II 123 FINNISH NARRATIVES OF THE HORSE IN WORLD WAR II Riitta-Marja Leinonen Introduction There were millions of horses involved in World War II, most of them in supply and transport service or in the field artillery. The time of cavalries was passing and only Germany and the Soviet Union had large cavalry forces.1 Finland had only one cavalry brigade in World War II and it was incorporated into the infantry in battle situations.2 Nevertheless, the role of the horse was crucial for Finland, especially in the Winter War3 when most army transportation was conducted using horses. Horses were ideal for transportation use in the roadless terrain of the boreal forests in the borderlands of Finland and the Soviet Union. The World War II means three wars to Finns: the Winter War (November 1939 to March 1940), the Continuation War (June 1941 to September 1944) and the Lapland War (September 1944 to April 1945). The underlying cause of the Winter War was Soviet concern about Nazi Germanyʼs expansionism. The secret protocol of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 1939 gave the Soviet Union influence over Finland, the Baltic states, and parts of Eastern Europe. The Winter War started when Soviet troops invaded Finland, and it ended 105 days later in the Moscow treaty where Finland lost 11% of its surface area and its second largest city, Viipuri. The Interim peace lasted for fifteen months. During that time Finland was trying to find an ally and finally made an agreement with Germany hoping to get the lost land areas back.
  • Pottoka´S Behaviour and Training

    Pottoka´S Behaviour and Training

    POTTOKA´S BEHAVIOUR AND TRAINING The horse’s long evolution as a prey animal has selected a series of behaviours, including social behaviour, that are surprisingly uniform despite great differences in race, climate and geographical conditions. Ethology is the study of animal behaviour under natural conditions, that is, wild, not domestic, animals. Until very recently it was thought that the only true wild horse was Przewalski’s, the Asiatic wild horse (Equus przewalskii). Unfortunately most examples live in zoos, although a herd has been re-introduced to natural conditions in Mongolia where its behaviour is being studied. Wild Equus caballus, the modern horse, was thought to be extinct. Almost all “wild” horses are in fact feral, that is, descendents of escaped domestic horses. During domestication, certain characteristics useful to man are selected: docility, ease of training, strength or speed, the capacity to accept often rather rough handling without protest, the acceptance of unnatural living conditions, or any other whim that takes our fancy, like shape of head or coat colour. It should be noted that ease of training does not necessarily mean intelligence, for our training methods are often confused and anthropomorphic. North American mustangs and island ponies, South American criollos living wild, Australian and New Zealand brumbies, Namibian desert horses, Japanese misaki horses and others, including the famous Tour du Valat herd of Camargue ponies, are all feral horses whose behaviour has been studied. Recently, however, it has been found that the Portuguese Sorraia, which now lives in domestic conditions, is in fact a true wild horse dating from the Palaeolithic.
  • The Future of Native Breeds– Case of Finnhorse, Terttu Peltonen, Suomen Hippos, the Finnish Trotting

    The Future of Native Breeds– Case of Finnhorse, Terttu Peltonen, Suomen Hippos, the Finnish Trotting

    The future of native breeds case Finnhorse 31. August 2013 Ypäjä, Finland Terttu Peltonen Raino 1994 jl Number of horses 74100, year 2012 10 150 19 700 Ponies 14 % Finnhorses 26 % 18 800 Riding horses 25 % Wb trotters 35 % 25 450 3.9.2013 Foals born in Finland 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1970 1986 1980 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Finnhorse Trotting horse Riding horse Pony 1994 Economic depression 1995 EU support for 5 years (7 million € 4000 Imported horses at the first year) 3500 3000 2000 EU support for native breed 2500 was away during 2 years 2000 1500 2005 Increase of prize money in 1000 500 trotting races (tax reform) 0 2010 Economic downturn 1986 2008 2012 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2010 1980 Trotters Riding horses Ponies (EU-subsidies) National horse breeding support and number of foals born 8000 7000 6000 5000 Foals 4000 Varsoja 3000 1000 e 2000 1000 € 1000 0 1990 2010 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2012 enn. 2012 Use of horses in Finland • Trotting: 500 race days/year • 7600 starters (2200 Fh) • 770 000 spectators in trotting events • Breeders: 5000 • Trainers 5000, professional 170 • Riding: 170.000 riders • 500 riding schools • 150 national riding events/year • Managing • Farm tourism • Horse owners 40.000 • Horse husbandry 700 million euros/year 3.9.2013 7 Trotting records 1929 Murto 1.29,4 1959 Ero-Lohko 1.24,8 1979 Vieteri 1.21,6a Murto 2002 Viesker 1.19,9a Ero-Lohko Viesker 2011 ep Vieteri Prize money 1990, 1995-2012, million euro Finnhorse Fi-wb Import + tempor.