The future of native breeds

case Finnhorse

31. August 2013 Ypäjä, Finland

Terttu Peltonen Raino 1994 jl

Number of horses 74100, year 2012

10 150 19 700 Ponies 14 % Finnhorses 26 % 18 800 Riding horses 25 %

Wb trotters 35 %

25 450

3.9.2013 Foals born in Finland

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000

0

1970 1986 1980 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Finnhorse Trotting horse Riding horse Pony

1994 Economic depression 1995 EU support for 5 years (7 million € 4000 Imported horses at the first year) 3500 3000 2000 EU support for native breed 2500 was away during 2 years 2000 1500 2005 Increase of prize money in 1000 trotting races (tax reform) 500

0

2010 Economic downturn

1986 2008 2012 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2010 1980 Trotters Riding horses Ponies (EU-subsidies)

National horse breeding support and number of foals born 8000

7000

6000

5000 Foals 4000

Varsoja 3000 1000 e

2000 1000 €

1000

0

1990 2010 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2012 enn. 2012 Use of horses in Finland

• Trotting: 500 race days/year • 7600 starters (2200 Fh) • 770 000 spectators in trotting events • Breeders: 5000 • Trainers 5000, professional 170

• Riding: 170.000 riders • 500 riding schools • 150 national riding events/year

• Managing • Farm tourism • Horse owners 40.000 • Horse husbandry 700 million euros/year

3.9.2013 7 Trotting records

1929 Murto 1.29,4 1959 Ero-Lohko 1.24,8 1979 Vieteri 1.21,6a Murto 2002 Viesker 1.19,9a

Ero-Lohko

Viesker 2011 ep

Vieteri Prize money 1990, 1995-2012, million euro

Finnhorse Fi-wb Import + tempor. 25,0 2,4 + 1,5 temp. 20,0

15,0 10,5 Fi

+ 2,1 10,0 abroad

5,0

6,1

0,0

2011

1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 Number of starts 5000

4500

4000 3500 Fh 3000 40 % Wb

2500 Starts 2000 1500 30 % 1000

500

0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2010 2011 2012

Age classes of Finnhorse, born 1985 - 2012

2000 1800 1600 Age class 1400 Trotters 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

0

2011

1991 1985 1987 1989 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 % of age class taking part in events 70,0

60,0

50,0

40,0

% % riding 30,0 trotting

20,0

10,0

0,0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year of birth Breeding branches

• The stud-book of the Finnhorse includes four breeding branches:

• TROTTER minimum requirements for race results • WORKHORSE draught and driving tests • RIDING HORSE dressage, showjumping and gait tests • SMALL HORSE drivability/rideability test

In addition: measures, conformation, movements, temperament, health and endurance, x-rayed legs.

3.9.2013 14 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR BREEDING STALLIONS Trotter: 4y. 5y. Older 1.33,0 - 1.31,0 - 1.28,0 3500 € - 7000 € - 14000 € and 170 € /start

Riding horse: dressage 50% or placing in competitions: dressage easy B 100 - 110 cm Workhorse: Pulling test 5 stairs or drivability test walk max 10 min/km trot max 2.30 min/km

Small horse: drivability or ridingability test height max 148 cm Types

Tests for workhorse

Trot max 2.30 min/km Walk max 10 min/km

Pulling test at least 5 stairs

Breeding program THE BREEDING GOAL is to improve the hereditary quality of horses - more productive horses - the demand of horses increases - the professional horse husbandry becomes stronger - The breeding selection: on the basis of the performances of horses and health - Minimum requirements for stallions, award-limits for broodmares - The breeders together has to decide the strength of selection level - Possibilities to use of horses - Awards and subsidies for breeders - Information

mt 3.9.2013 SIRE LINES, number of offspring 16.8.2013

MURTO s. 1917 ULJAANPOIKA s. 1914 LOHDUTUS s. 1929 KIRPPU s. 1879 | | \ VIHU MURTI ERI-AARONI POJAN-ASKELE LOHKO HILPURI | AMOR TAJU VAISTO ERO-LOHKO LEPORELLO AROMUS ARO-VETO PILVEN POIKA 161 TAJURI PISTE ERO-PONSI 413 IHME APELI 83 ERI-JOUNI Ponseri 275 ERI-HOVI LUONTO PISTERI IHMETYS ERI-POIKA ONNIPOIKA 83 ERI-PULI LUONNOKAS VILPERI ERO-RALLI 251 IHME-TOTI TOLI ERI-REIPAS PELLERVO 88 Rallaus 245 VAHTO 70 LUONNOS 578 TOSI-PINKO 108 PONNE ERI-OTE ERI-ULJAS ERI-VILI Luomus Jr 122 TOTTI 202 Tinuri 53 Poika-Luonnos 174

VIETERI 773 NYSTERI 43 TOTILO140 TOTO 314 FORTE VESSELI ERILO VIHI VARJO-LUONNOS 54 Hilpertti 114 Hilto 191 VILTTER 474 VOKKER 935 VEKKULI PUHEMIES 343 HILU 460 Vinkaus 504 Viltterin Vile 85 Viesker RUUTU-POIKA 186 1256 VEKKU-LENTO El Vihuri 71 KIHIN-MUISTO 572 V.T. AJATUS 651 VIHI-TOTTI 76 Tristan 41 Kihin Hiski 262 VOKKERILLA 271 Saran Salama 317 PATRIK 431 Apassi 365 SUIKKU 1240 Liising 621 Jänkä-Jussi 160 TEME 255 Auraus 180 TURO 1248 HILURI 504 VIRHAKKA 74 SUIKUN ERO 403 KELMI 103 Pysteri 383 Poika-Siro 373 A.T. Eko 234 Joihuri 360 MIKKER 388 Cameron 225 KIRMORI 211 Tino 171 HOVI-ARI 483 SAMULI 48 SIPORI 277 PÖLYKE 63

HERMELI 99

(SIRE, DAM’S SIRE)

3.9.2013 Inbreeding coefficients in Finnhorse 1980 - 2004

12,0

Relationship % 10,0

8,0

6,0

Inbreeding % 4,0

2,0

0,0 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 Year of birth

Numbers of observations in different inbreeding classes of the expected foal, and the estimated effects of inbreeding on foaling rate in Finnhorses (FH) (J. Sairanen et.al. 2011).

18000 4 16000 3 14000 2 1 12000 0 10000 -1 FH, -2 8000 observations 6000 -3 -4 FH, estimate 4000 comparison Observations -5

2000 -6 of class the from %-units, difference difference %-units, 0 -7 0-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-7,5 7,5- >10 10 Inbreeding class of the expected foal

To promote the horse breeding

1. The level of prize money Classical races

2. Good quality of horses The clear aim of breeding – breeding program

3. The supports Breeders prize 10 % Awards and subsidies to broodmares and foals Registration support

4. The desire of import is: stallions and broodmares with good performances and pedigree - to improve breeding in Finland To promote breeding in Finland

Good level of prize money in trotting races Breeders events Royal Finnhorse events

Breeding support (2,2 million €/year from the betting) Breeder prize 10 % Stud book prizes Show prizes Prize for young broodmares Subvention of registration Special prizes for riding and workhorses

High quality in horses The shared breeding goal

Restrictions on import Until the year 1994

Positive communication Good horsemanship Nötö Kasper 20009 ep

Finnhorse = Unique Special Point Thank you!