Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 11(1): 94- 62 (2019) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D. Histology & Histochemistry
2090 – 0775 www.eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard
Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2 1-Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt 2-Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Aswan University, Aswan, 81528 Egypt. E. Mail.: [email protected]
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and fine Received: 25/2/2019 structure of the liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus during the Accepted: 1/4//2019 hibernation period, using ten adult specimens captured from sandy ______Keywords: areas of Aswan Governorate, Egypt. Specimens of liver were fixed for Acanthodactylus light and transmission electron microscope to study the hepatic architecture during this period. In addition to haematoxylin and eosin boskianus, Liver, stain, the histochemical and special stains were used. The hepatocytes light and electron are arranged in hepatic plates. The radial arrangement of hepatic cords microscopy around the central vein is generally not apparent. The several-cell-thick plate type showed with multi-layered of hepatocytes separated by narrow tortuous capillaries networks, sinusoids that are localized in the space between hepatic plates. The hepatic cells of Acanthodactylus boskianus under light and T.E.M. are similar to those of other vertebrates (birds and mammals), except for the presence of melano- macrophages.
INTRODUCTION The Reptilia class is a prominent part of all terrestrial assemblage, containing 9,084 species by the latest count (Uetz and Hallermann, 2010). Reptiles are represented by four orders: Crocodilia, Rhynchocephalia; Squamata and Testudinata. The Squamata order includes lizards, land animals with well-defined eating habits (Vitt et al., 2003). Reptiles are very important for t h e maintenance of ecosystems. For this reason, many papers have been published on their geographic and population distribution and ecological and behavioral aspects. However, few studies have been published on the morphological aspects of these animals. These factors are important for their correct classification and comparison against other phylogenetically related species and to establish their interaction with the biome where they live (Firmiano et al., 2011; Hamdi et al., 2014). The genus Acanthodactylus is commonly known as the fringe-fingered lizards and is the largest genus in the family Lacertidae with over 40 described species (Uetz, 2013). Members of this genus are small- to medium-sized, diurnal, terrestrial, and oviparous species that inhabit semi-arid to desert ecosystems from the Iberian Peninsula, through North Africa, to the Middle East and West India,
Citation :Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. ( D-Histology and histochemistry) Vol.11(1)pp94-62(2019) 50 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2
including Cyprus and the Arabian morphology is a valuable source of Peninsula (Sindaco and Jeremcˇenko, information for clinicians. It is 2008).The latter three studies divided fundamental for the proper diagnosis the genus into species groups, a of reptile diseases. Schaffner division that is commonly used today ( Schaffner, 1998) analyzed the livers (Tamar, 2014). of reptiles in general, but few studies The Acanthodactylus boskianus have examined the liver of species group is a striking case of Acanthodactylus boskianus. Therefore, taxonomic uncertainty. Although it is a the purpose of this study was to small group of only three species, its characterize the liver of this species geographical range is the largest in microscopically during hibernation, to the genus. It includes shed light on the morphological aspects Acanthodactylus boskianus (Daudin, of this class of reptile. 1802), Acanthodactylus schreiberi MATERIALS AND METHODS (Boulenger, 1878) and Ten adult specimens (male and Acanthodactylus nilsoni (Rastegar- female) of Acanthodactylus boskianus Pouyani, 1998). Acanthodactylus lizard were collected in February boskianus is the most widespread 2018. They were captured from sandy species of its genus ranging through areas of Aswan Governorate and North Africa (Salvador, 1982). identified by Dr. Sherif Baha El Din, Acanthodactylus boskianus has been Environmental Consultant, Ecologist, divided into five subspecies: A. Ornithologist, Herpetologist, and boskianus boskianus (Daudin, 1802) President Nature Conservation Egypt. from the Nile delta and parts of Sinai, After capture, the specimens were A. boskianus asper (Audouin, 1827) taken to the Zoological Laboratory of from much of the distribution range Science Faculty, Aswan University, of the species, A. boskianus where they were anaesthetized and euphraticus (Boulenger, 1919) from dissected according to the Animal Care Iraq, A. boskianus khattensis from and Use Committee, University of Mauritania and A. boskianus Aswan. After lizards dissection the nigeriensis from Niger (Trape et al., liver specimens rapidly excised, and 2012). Animals in Aswan are A. b. immediately fixed for light and electron asper. microscopy. The liver has multiple and After fixation in neutral buffer complex functions. It is the site of formalin was completed, the numerous metabolic processes, because specimens were washed, dehydrated it receives all the material absorbed by in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol, the intestines, except for a certain cleared in methyl benzoate and finally quantity of lipids transported by the embedded in paraffin wax, the lymph nodes (Samuelson, 2007). The paraffin blocks were sectioned at a liver is one of the most important thickness of 5-6 µm. Then the organs in the organism, because it following stains were utilized: metabolizes stores, synthesizes and 1. Harris’s haematoxylin and eosin eliminates the substances absorbed. It (Harris, 1990). also produces bile, an exocrine 2. Masson`trichrome s t a i n ( Lillie, 1940) secretion of the hepatic cells, which for t h e collagenous fibers. plays a key role in the digestion and 3. Periodic acid Schiffʹs (PAS) technique for absorption of fats (Pough et al., 1999). general carbohydrates, Mc Manus (1946). Knowledge of reptiles’ liver
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard 51
Electron Microscopy: particles. Also, existence of a few For ultrastructural examination, pigmented cells termed melano- the samples processed examined and macrophages formed part of the lining photographed in E. microscopic Unit of the sinusoids, protruded into the in Assiut University. Small pieces of sinusoidal lumen; they were also liver were immediately immersed in located in the hepatic parenchyma (Fig. 4F1G in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) 1a). fixation mixture for 3 hr at 4°C then The peripheries of a lobule can post-fixed in 1% OsO4 (Osmium be defined by portal areas of tetroxide) at 4°C for 2 hr. The connective tissue enclosing three main specimens were dehydrated in graded structures, a bile ductule, branches of series of ethanol and then embedded the hepatic portal vein, and a branch of in Epon-Araldite mixture in labeled the hepatic artery. The lumen of the beam capsules. LKB ultramicrotome portal vein appears enclosing a few was used to obtain ultrathin sections blood cells. The bile ductule has a layer (50 nm thick) which were picked of cuboidal epithelial cells (Fig. 1b). upon 200 mesh naked copper grids. Also, t h e examination of the Grids were double stained with uranyl Acanthodactylus boskianus liver showed acetate for ½ h and lead citrate for 20- that the liver is covered by a thin layer 30 min. Scoping the grids was achieved of connective tissue forming the by using TEM 100 CXII electron hepatic capsule (Fig.1c). This capsule microscope at 80 KV and photographed is common to all vertebrates and by CCD digital camera Model XR- 41. contributes to the division of the RESULTS parenchyma into structural units, called Light Microscopy: hepatic lobules. Also, the microscopic Light microscopy inspections of analysis revealed that a mild amount of the liver section of Acanthodactylus connective tissue stroma, principally boskianus lizard were illustrated in of collagenous fibers was detected figure (1). The liver is not as around the central vein as well as the distinctly organized into lobules as in sinusoidal walls (fig.1d). In addition, mammals. The functional and basic unit each portal area was surrounded by a of the lobules is the hepatocytes. The moderate amount of collagenous hepatocytes are arranged in several- network which was continuous with cell-thick plates or cords which are scanty interlobular collagenous fibers disposed of in such a way to exhibit (Fig. 1e). a net-like structure arise from a Inspection of the figure (1f) centrally located vein, the central vein showed that the hepatocytes contained to the lobular periphery. The radial a considerable amount of glycogen arrangement of hepatic cords around granules, appearing in the form of the central vein is generally not strongly PAS-reactive granules of apparent. The several-cell-thick plate of variable sizes, located mainly in the hepatocytes separated by narrow and ground cytoplasm. These granules short tortuous capillaries networks; clumped together into rather massive sinusoids which are lined with Kupffer patches condensed mainly at one pole cells and endothelial cells. The of the cell. hepatocytes have a homogenously fine Electrn Microscopy: granulated cytoplasm, which The electron micrographs of the embodying peripherally located Acanthodactylus boskianus liver spherical nuclei, with a conspicuous revealed that the hepatocytes have nucleolus and distinct chromatin polyhedral shape, each being bounded
52 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2 by a distinct cell membrane. As canaliculus. A number of microvilli appear in figure (2a) each cell project from either parenchymal cell contains peripherally located spherical into the lumen of the bile canaliculus nucleus limited by a prominent via which bile secretions are drained nuclear membrane and surrounded by from the cells. Also figure (2) revealed the ground cytoplasm. In the that each liver cell has many perinuclear region, a variety of cell mitochondria with a spherical form. organelles or organoids are Their cristae are not so numerous or discerned as well as non-living closely packed a characteristic inclusions. consistent with moderate oxygen The cell membrane displayed consumption observed in the liver. several modifications or Another typical component of the liver specializations at the different faces of cell is glycogen. Under the electron the cell as indicated in t h e figure microscope, this polysaccharide takes (2). The cell membrane gives rise to the form of small particles distributed various forms of intercellular junctions diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. between adjacent cells serving They appear in two forms, different purposes (Fig. 2a). In nanoparticulate (beta) particles and addition, at the hepatic cell surface polyparticulate (alpha) elements or adjacent to a sinusoidal blood space, glycogen rosettes, produced by the cell is delineated from the lining aggregation of the beta particles. of the sinusoid by a narrow Another common cellular component is perisinusoidal space, the space of the lipid droplets, whose quantity varies Disse. It is clear that this space greatly and they are rounded in their separates the sinusoidal endothelium shape (Fig. 2b). In addition, figure (2b) and the adjacent hepatocyte. displayed an abundant of granular or Therefore, it is bounded on one side rough endoplasmic reticulum is by the hepatocyte plasma membrane located mainly around the nucleus and on the other side by the sinusoidal tending to be arranged in parallel stacks endothelium. Worthwhile is that the (with narrow lumens). sinusoidal endothelium plays a The sinusoidal space indicates pivotal role in the protection of the the vascular pole of the hepatocytes hepatocyte from the trauma of hepatic (Fig. 3). It is bounded by blood flow in the sinusoids and it endothelium of a single layer of also permits contact between the cells, essentially comprised of two hepatocytes and blood plasma. This cellular varieties: (a) the individual enables the cells to receive certain endothelial cells which do not materials from the circulating blood overlap as in capillaries and are and empty other materials into this spread out and fenestrated (Figs. 3a). blood. At the contact between the (b): The Kupffer cells had numerous hepatocyte surface and the pseudopods and occasional cup-like perisinusoidal space, the cell indentations. The cytoplasm usually membrane extends a number of contained numerous types of microvilli, usually occupying the lysosomes, some of which appeared perisinusoidal space (Fig. 2c). to be discharging into phagosomes. Electron micrograph from the Many of the larger cells showed biliary region (2d) reveals that the cell vacuoles containing material which membranes of two adjacent hepatocytes resembled the debris in the diverge or become partially separated extracellular medium. Thus, it is likely from each other to form a bile that these membrane-bound structures
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard 53
represented phagosomes with ingested presented in figure (Fig. 3d). This cell cellular debris (Fig. 3c). Stellate cell was located in the space of Disse and or fat-storing cell (Ito cell) was containing lipid droplets
FIg. 1. (a) Light micrograph displaying the liver architecture; showing hepatic cells forming plates of hepatocytes with peripherally located spherical nuclei having prominent nucleoli (black arrow), central vein (CV), blood sinusoids (arrowhead) and melanomacrophages (yellow arrows). (b) Light micrograph displaying the portal area of the liver lobule, containing a portal vein (PV), hepatic artery (HA) and small bile ductules (BD). (c) Micrograph of the hepatic capsule (Glisson's capsule) formed by thin connective tissue capsule (arrow). (d) Micrograph of hepatic lobule showing a wall of central veins (CV) containing a thin layer of the collagenous fibers (arrows) and the wall of blood sinusoids. (e) Light micrograph showing the portal area with small amount of collagenous fibers (arrowhe a d ) in the wall of t h e portal vein (PV), hepatic artery (HA) as well as bile ductule (BD). (f) Light micrograph showing hepatic cells (HC) containing PAS-positive granules representing the glycogen content of the cells. The granules mostly accumulated at one pole of the cells, reflecting the phenomenon of "glycogen flight". (a&b: H&E, 400X; c-e: Masson`stain, 400X; f: PAS-reaction, 400X).
54 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2
Fig. 2. (a) Electron micrograph showing general morphology of hepatocytes (HC). One of them appears with peripherally placed rounded nucleus (N), mitochondria (m), lipid globules (Lp) and glycogen granules (g) and distinct cell membrane (arrowhead). The nucleus has a distinct nuclear envelope (thin arrow), nucleolus (ne) and heterochromatin (h). Also, junctional complexes (thick arrow) are discerned between the cell membranes. (b) E. Micrograph of hepatic cells showing abundant of t h e rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) near, mitochondria (m) and lipid globules (Lp). Also, rounded nuclei (N) with a well discernible nuclear envelope and clumped chromatin at the periphery (arrowhead) can be observed. (c) Electron micrograph showing blood sinusoid containing RBCs and blood plasma (*). Fenestrated endothelial cells (En), space of Disse (SD) containing the microvilli (arrow) of the hepatic cells (HC) were also noticed. The hepatocyte contains mitochondria (m) and glycogen granules (g). (d) E. micrograph of liver section showing prominent bile canaliculi (Bd). Large numbers of mitochondria (m) and lysosomes (L) besides rosettes-like glycogen granules (g) are present. (Direct magnification for a= (7200x); b & c= (10000x); d= (5800x).
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard 55
Fig. 3. (a) E. micrograph of the hepatic sinusoids (BS) containing red blood cells (RBC) and lined by fenestrated endothelial cells (arrow). (b) E. Micrograph of the liver section showing hepatocytes (HC) and hepatic sinusoids (BS). Lymphocytes (LC) and blood plasma (*) present in hepatic sinusoids have appeared. The hepatic cell (HC) contains lipid globules (Lp). (c) E. micrograph of the liver section showing Kupffer cell (arrow) having many pseudopods, nucleus (N), and cytoplasm containing numerous electron-dense lysosomes (arrowhead). (d) E. micrograph of hepatic sinusoids space (BS) showing fat storing cell (FSC) in the space of Disse (SD). Hepatic cells (HC) contain numerous mitochondria (m). (Original magnification for a & b= (4800x); c= (3600x); d= (5800x
DISCUSSION The hepatocyte-sinusoidal structure In reptiles, the liver is the largest is physiologically important, not only extrinsic digestive gland and is the because hepatocytes take up large site of initial processing of materials molecules from the sinusoid, but also absorbed by intestinal capillaries and because a large number of transported via tributaries of the hepatic macromolecules (e.g., lipoproteins, portal vein (Schaffner, 1998). This albumin and fibrinogen) are secreted visceral organ is large and singular into the sinusoid. We detected that the and can have various shapes depending hepatocytes are arranged in multi-cell- on the visceral cavity. In snakes and thick cords or plates along the narrow some lizards, it is long and thin while and short tortuous sinusoids. Our it is thick and more compact in some finding is in accordance with reports other reptile species (Starck and Beese, confirmed that the sinusoids are 2002). capillary networks which are localized
56 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2 in the spaces between hepatic plates containing cells called melano- (Rappaport, 1963). macrophages. This finding was Also, we observed that the reinforced by those observations hepatic plates are arising from the confirmed that the melano- central vein to the lobular periphery macrophages are components of an and the radial arrangement of hepatic internal, pigmented cell system in the cords around the central vein is liver and spleen tissues of some generally not apparent. This finding fishes, anurans and reptiles (Manera et was provided good support from the al., 2000; Sichel et al., 2002; Agius reports of Jacobson (2007) who found and Roberts, 2003; Zieri et al., 2007). that in t h e snake, a radial In the same concern, Frye (1991) arrangement of hepatic plates around a reported that these cells are numerous central vein is generally not apparent. in amphibians and reptiles, except In the microscopical examination, we among snakes, in which they are less found a several-cell-thick plate of plentiful. These cells have various hepatocytes separated by narrow and functions among them synthesis of short tortuous sinusoids. This finding melanin, phagocytosis and agreed with Akiyoshi and Inoue neutralization of free radicals (Sichel (2004) who observed in the fish's liver et al., 2002; Guida et al., 2004). Thus, the hepatic plate's line multi-layered these cells are beneficial for hepatocytes, the so-called solid or poikilotherms, since they are not tubular types. present in birds or mammals (Kardong, Moreover, we detected in the liver 2005). tissue a portal triad which comprised Lamers and De Haas (1985) of bile duct accompanied by a portal further emphasized the close vein and hepatic arteriole. This relationship of melano-macrophages finding is in the same line with Motta cells with the lymphoid cells and (1984) who speculated that the portal suggested that they were the major sites triad contains branches of the portal of long-term antigen retention. It has vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct, been suggested that both functional and lymph vessels and nerves. These structural grounds melano-macrophages vessels and ducts are surrounded by cells may represent the primitive connective tissue. analogues of the germinal centers of the Also, t h e examination of the lymph nodes of birds and mammals. Acanthodactylus boskianus liver Clinical studies have shown the showed a mild amount of connective association of melano- macrophages tissue stroma around the central vein cells with a range of highly resistant as well as the sinusoidal walls and intracellular bacteria and parasites each portal area. These findings are in (Roberts, 2001). accordance with those displayed in The fine structural organization of the liver of some lizards, by some the hepatocytes of Acanthodactylus researchers who revealed that the boskianus was similar to that reported parenchyma is supported by for other reptilian species (deBrito- connective tissue stroma that Gitirana and Rangel, 1995). In the surrounds the hepatocytes as well as present work, we found that, the blood sinusoids and portal area hepatic cells of Acanthodactylus (Firmiano et al, 2011; Koca et al., boskianus are polygoanal in shape and 2004; Moura et al., 2009). similar to those of other vertebrates, In all the staining techniques except for the melano-macrophages. utilized, we detected pigment- This observation received marked
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard 57
support from the reports which reticulum, the enhancement in mentioned that the hepatic cells of activity of the Golgi apparatus, the lizards are similar to those of other increase in the number of vertebrates, except for the melano- ribosomes on the nuclear envelope, macrophages, which are absent in birds and the formation in groups of and mammals (Sichel et al., 2002; peroxisomes may represent a Agius and Roberts, 2003). morphological denotation in order to Also, we observed that the nuclei a biochemical compensation to located at the periphery of the hepatic process temperature adaptation. cells. This finding agreed with the Ito (1951) observed cells same observation that was reported for containing lipid droplets in the Phrynops geoffroanus (Moura et al., human liver lobules. These cells 2009) and for Tropidurus torquatus were located in the space of Disse (Firmiano et al., 2011). These and were surrounded by reticular researchers observed that some nuclei fibers. He presumed that lipid droplets located in the central region of the in these cells were derived from the hepatic cells, but most of them were blood stream and designated these displaced toward the periphery. The cells (fat-storing cells). The existence nuclei of the liver cells of of the fat- storing cells was reported Acanthodactylus boskianus were in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds displaced to the periphery owing to the and mammals (Ito et al., 1962) and presence of various sized abundant man (Ito and Shibasaki, 1968). vacuole within the cytoplasm. Variations in the number of lipid In addition, in our study, we droplets have been reported in noticed numerous rounded different seasons (Ito et al., 1960) and mitochondria as well as an abundace under some nutritional conditions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (Kitagawa, 1960). Our results agreed with reports As in mammals, the Kupffer cell confirmed that an increase in the serves as a sinusoidal macrophage number of mitochondria in cold and free radical scavengers and the temperature occurs in mice, hamster Ito cell is the main storage site of and bat liver (Horwitz, 1976), and vitamin A (Scalia et al., 1988). muscle of squirrel during hibernation There are 3 morphologically and (Moreland, 1962) and in the liver carp functionally distinct surfaces of the (Storch, 1984). In addition, de Brito- hepatocyte plasma membrane. Gitirana and Storch (2002) reported 1. The sinusoidal domain faces that hepatocytes react to the reduction the space of Disse and has numerous in temperature with an increase in the irregular microvilli, increasing endoplasmic reticulum and in the hepatocyte surface area by ~6-fold number of mitochondria and (Wisse, 1970). This specialized peroxisomes. The same authors found membrane is modified to facilitate an that rough endoplasmic reticulum exchange of substances with the (rER) was better developed in blood. There are ultrastructurally animals kept at a lower temperature evident pits between the villi, some of (20ºC) than in animals at 35ºC. Our which represent secretory vacuoles in findings were interpreted by the the process of exocytosis, sending opinion of (de Brito-Gitirana and various products into the plasma, and Storch, 2002) who stated that in the others are clathrin-coated pits cold, the augmentation in the number involved in selective receptor- of mitochondria and the endoplasmic mediated endocytosis.
58 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2
2. The lateral domain extends energy source, drawn on during from the sinusoidal surface to the prolonged fasting. edge of the canaliculus. This portion Regarding the glycogen content, of the cell membrane is specialized several interpretations are available in for adhesion via junctional the literature. Storch et al. (1962) complexes, including desmosomes, reported that the liver of carp, adapted tight junctions, and intermediate to cold temperature, displays a high junctions, as well as for intercellular content of glycogen. In some species communication via gap junctions of fish, the glycogen increases with (Kitagawa, 1960). the decrease of temperature (Rafael 3. The canalicular domain is the and Braunbeck, 1987). In conclusion, beginning of the bile drainage from the morphological description of system of the liver. The canaliculus the liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus is an intercellular space between 2 it can be concluded that this species an adjacent hepatocytes, isolated by excellent model for histological studies junctional complexes. The of this class. canalicular surface is covered with Acknowledgment an irregular array of microvilli We would like to thank Dr. Sherif (Tanaka, 1960). Baha El Din, Environmental The presence of lipid droplets Consultant, Ecologist, Ornithologist, within the liver cells of Herpetologist, and President Nature Acanthodactylus boskianus could be Conservation Egypt for his help in attributed to an adaptive structural lizard identification. modification to sustain the storage REFERENCES functions of the liver as previous studies Agius, C., Roberts, R.J. (2003): had earlier indicated that the liver stored Melano-macrophage centres and several substances including glycogen, their role in fish pathology. lipids, vitamins and iron ( Barbara et Journal of fish Diseases, 26: 499– al., 2014; Singh, 2014). Also, previous 509. studies showed that the fat droplet seen Akiyoshi, H., Inoue, A. (2004): in reptiles could be converted Comparative histological study of (gluconeogenesis) and used as energy teleost livers in relation to in unfavorable weather or dormancy phylogeny. Zool Sci., 21:841–50. (Akiyoshi and Inoue, 2004). Motta, P.M. (1984): The three- Concerning of the carbohydrates dimensional microanatomy of the material, we found under the electron liver. Arch Histol Jap., 47: 1– 30. microscope the polysaccharide, Audouin, J.V. (1827): Explication glycogen, takes the form of small sommaire des planches de reptiles particles distributed diffusely (supplément) offrant un exposé throughout the cytoplasm. This finding des characters des espèces. In: agreed with those observed in Savigny MJCL, ed. Description Trachomys scripta elegans (Marycz et de l’Égypte, Vol. 1, Histoire al., 2009), in which the results indicated Naturelle. Paris: Impériale, 161– an abundance of glycogen in the 184. cytoplasm. Also, according to (DA Boulenger G.A. (1919): On a new Silva and Migliorini, 1990), this is a variety of Acanthodactylus characteristic commonly found in boskianus Daud., from the healthy individuals, since the stock of Euphrates. The Annals and hepatic glycogen is the main reserve Magazine of Natural History, 3: 549–550.
Microscopically Studies on the Liver of Acanthodactylus boskianus lizard 59
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62 Allam A. M. Nafady 1 and Eatemad A. Awadalla*2
ARABIC SUMMARY
دراسات ميكروسكوبية على كبد سحلية Acanthodactylus boskianus
عالم عبد الحميد نفادى1 -اعتماد أحمد عوض الله 2*
1 قسم الباثولوجى -كلية الطب البيطرى – جامعة أسيوط 2*قسم علم الحيوان – كلية العلوم – جامعة أسوان
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة التركيب النسيجي والدقيق لكبد Acanthodactylus boskianus خالل فترة السبات، وذلك باستخدام عشرة من العينات البالغة تم الحصول عليها من المناطق الرملية بمحافظة أسوان، مصر. تم تثبيت عينات من الكبد لدراسة بالميكرسكوب الضوئى وااللكترونى النافذ لدراسة البنيان الكبدى خالل هذه الفترة. باإلضافة إلى صبغة الهيموتوكسلين و األيوسين , فقد استخدمنا اصباغ الهستوكيميائية و األصباغ الخاصة. تصطف خاليا الكبد في لوحات كبدية. أما الترتيب الشعاعي للحبال الكبدية حول الوريد المركزي غير واضح بشكل عام. أظهرت اللوحات المتعددة الطبقات من الخاليا الكبدية مفصولة بشبكات ضيقة من الشعيرات الدموية، الجيوب الدموية الموجودة بين لوحات الكبد. تركيب الخاليا الكبدية لل Acanthodactylus boskianus تحت بالميكرسكوب الضوئى و االلكترونى النافذ تشبه تلك الموجودة في الفقاريات األخرى )الطيور والثدييات( ، باستثناء وجود melano-macrophages.