International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3(5): 322-329, 2011 ISSN: 2041-2908 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011 Submitted: July 28, 2011 Accepted: September 25, 2011 Published: October 15, 2011

An Etymological Review of the Lizards of Iran: Families Lacertidae, Scincidae, Uromastycidae, Varanidae

1Peyman Mikaili and 2Jalal Shayegh 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

Abstract: The etymology of the reptiles, especially the lizards of Iran has not been completely presented in other published works. Iran is a very active geographic area for any animals, and more especially for lizards, due to its wide range deserts and ecology. We have attempted to ascertain, as much as possible, the construction of the Latin binomials of all Iranian lizard species. We believe that a review of these names is instructive, not only in codifying many aspects of the biology of the lizards, but in presenting a historical overview of collectors and taxonomic work in Iran and Middle East region. We have listed all recorded lizards of Iran according to the order of the scientific names in the book of Anderson, The Lizards of Iran. All lizard species and types have been grouped under their proper Families, and then they have been alphabetically ordered based on their scientific binominal nomenclature. We also examined numerous published works in addition to those included in the original papers presenting each binomial.

Key words: Etymology, genera, iran, lizards, Middle East, species, taxonomy.

INTRODUCTION comprising the fauna of Iran, including Field guide to the reptiles of Iran, (Vol. 1): lizards (Rastegar-Pouyani, According to our knowledge, there is an evident lack 2006). We also examined numerous published works in of such a reference in the literature about the etymological addition to those included in the original papers review on the nomenclature of all up-to-now discovered, presenting each binomial, all listed in the reference collected and recorded lizards of Iran (also for other section. We represent in this article the explanations of Asiatic countries). As we mentioned in our previous the Families: Lacertidae, Scincidae, Uromastycidae, article, the observation and study of lizards has been long Varanidae. a fascinating interest for at least one of the authors of this article. The book of Anderson, The Lizards of Iran METHODOLOGY (Anderson, 1999) turned our attention to study the lizards more deeply, especially the ones occur in Iran. At the first Taxa are listed in systematic order following; The step we focused on the common English, Farsi and Lizards of Iran (Anderson, 1999). Orders, families, and scientific names of the lizards. The published paper of subfamilies, if appropriate, are given. Genera and species Braun and Mares (Braun and Michael, 1995) provided a are arranged alphabetically. The authority and date are substantial template for our idea to accomplish this aim. given after each species name. Whenever possible. Then publication of the book "Field guide to the reptiles derivations of names are given. Original literature also of Iran, volume 1: lizards" (Rastegar-Pouyani, 2006) was consulted for explanations of names or for clues in guided and facilitated our project. We believe that a the descriptions. We have listed all recorded lizards of review of these names is instructive, not only in codifying Iran according to the order of the scientific names in the many aspects of the biology of the lizards, but in latter book; (Although two species have been left presenting a historical overview of collectors and taxonomic work in Iran and Middle East region. unnumbered in the book, we have included both in the numerical order). All lizard species and types have been MATERIALS AND METHODS grouped under their proper Families, and then they have been alphabetically ordered based on their scientific Taxa: The listing of lizards of Iran was based primarily binominal nomenclature. The lizards were numbered from on The Lizards of Iran (Anderson, 1999), and 1 to 62 within brackets. We have presented current supplemented with other experience with the species scientific name, the author named the species with the

Corresponding Author: Peyman Mikaili, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 322 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

date, the synonym(s) if present, the English and Farsi fringe-toed lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-angosht rishehd~r- [Fa.] names and a main reference especially dealt with e-eshm§t], that specific species or type. Then we have analyzed all of Synonym: Acanthodactylus schmidti Salvador 1982; the Genera and also the epithets as they encountered. The (Anderson, 1999). original source of the word roots and their meanings have schmidti-Named after K. P. Schmidt, the zoologist been mentioned from Greek (Gr.), Latin (L.) or other and explorer of amphibians and reptiles of Iran. languages, e.g. Spanish (Sp.), Arabic (Ar.) etc. The (7) Eremias acutirostris (Boulenger, 1890), Reticulate additional explanations added if appropriate. desert lacerta, [Fa. l~sert~-e-biy~b~n§ moshabbak], Synonyms: Scapteira acutirostris Boulenger 1887, Etymology of scientific names: Scapteira acutirostris Das 1996; (Anderson, 1978). (1) Family: Lacertidae Eremias-Gr. Eremias is a noun meaning India. andersoni-Named after Steven Clement Anderson, cantoris-cantoris genitive of L. cantor singer (Lewis, the famous zoologist and explorer of Iranian lizards. 1969); referring to animal's cry. Rhabderemias-rhabd-, Gr. rhabdos rod Borror, 1988 (2) Acanthodactylus boskianus Daudin, 1802, Bosc's + Eremias (see [7]). fringe-toed lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-angosht rishehd~r (9) Eremias arguta Pallas, 1773, Arguta, [Fa. ~rgãt~], bosk] Synonyms: Lacerta arguta Pallas 1773, Podarcis Synonyms: Lacerta boskiana Daudin 1802, arguta Strauch 1876; (Ataev, 1988). Acanthodactylus boskianus R-Pouyani 1999; arguta-L. arguta (feminine), argutus (masculine) (Rastegar-Pouyani, 2000). sharp, quick, (compare with English argute); past boskianus-Named after Louis-Augustin-Guillaume participle of L. arguere to argue (Klein, 1983). Bosc d’Antic, French zoologist (Bosc d’Antic, 1792). Podarcis-pod-, Gr. pous foot, leg + arc-, L. arcus (3) Acanthodactylus grandis Boulenger 1909, Giant arch, bow (Borror, 1988); referring to the arched or fringe-toed lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-angosht rishehd~r bow-shape legs of the species; The final part may be bozorg], also compared with L. arca and arctus meaning Synonyms: Lacerta boskiana Daudin 1802, Eremias grammica (Lichtenstein 1823), Reticulate (Anderson, 1999). racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-moshabbak], micropholis-micr-, Gr. mikros small + phol-, Gr. Synonyms: Podarcis grammica Wagler 1830, pholis horny scale Borror, 1988 Scapteira zarudnyi Lantz 1928; (Tsellarius, 1977). (5) Acanthodactylus nilsoni Rastegar-Pouyani 1998, grammica--feminine adjective of L. gramm cus, from Nilson's spiny-toed lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-angosht Gr. gammikós having lines or geometrical sketches kh~rd~r-e-nilson]; (Anderson, 1999). (Lewis, 1969). nilsoni-Named after Gören Nilson, the zoologist and zarudnyi-Named after Nikola0 Alekseevich Zarudni0 explorer of amphibians and reptiles of Iran. (1859-1919), the prominent zoologist and explorer of (6) Acanthodactylus schmidti Haas 1957, Schmidt's fauna in Iran. More than 130 species of mammals,

323 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

birds, reptiles, fish, arthropods, and mollusks variabilis-L. variabilis variable; referring to wide were named after him (Bobrinsky, 1940). difference in color (usually between males and (12) Eremias intermedia Strauch 1876, Aralo-Caspian females) (Cope, 1900). racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-~r~lo-khazar§], velox-L. velox swift, quick, rapid (Lewis, 1969); Synonyms: Eremias intermedius Bogdanov 1882, compare with English velocity. Ommateremias intermedia Lantz 1928; (Shammakov, (19) Eremias pleskei Bedriaga 1907, Pleske's racerunner, 1970). [Fa. l~sert~-e-plesk], intermedia and intermedius-L. adjectives meaning Synonym: Rhabderemias pleskei Lantz 1928; intermediate (Lewis, 1969); perhaps referring to (Ananjeva et al., 2007). intermediate size of the species, comparing to other pleskei-Named after Theodore Pleske (1858-1932), members in the same genus. a Russian zoologist. Ommateremias-omma-, Gr. omma eye + teremi-, (20) Eremias strauchi kopetdaghica Szczerbak 1972, related to Gr. téremon watchful, observant (Liddell Kopet dagh racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-kope d~gh], and Robert, 1885); referring to the elevated and Synonyms: Eremias velox Nikolsky 1897, Eremias protrusive eyes. strauchi Lantz 1928; (Szczerbak, 1972). (13) Eremias lalezharica (Moravec, 1994), Lalehzar strauchi-The epithet is named after Alexander racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-l~lehz~r]; (Moravec, 1994). lalezharica-Named after its type locality in Strauch (1832-1893), Russian zoologist. southeastern Iran, Mountain Lalezhar region. kopetdaghica-L. suffix -ic pertaining to + kopetdagh, Note that the original and correct spelling of the the Kopet Dagh, (or Fa. Koppeh D~gh), also known place name is as Lalehzar, which has been transposed as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range is a into Lalezhar! Laleh-z~r means a bed or field of mountain range on the frontier between Tulips. Turkmenistan and Iran, east of the Caspian Sea (14) Eremias lineolata Nikolsky 1896, Striped racerunner, (Wikipedia, 2010a). [Fa. l~sert~-e-r~hr~h], (21) Eremias strauchi strauchi Kessler 1878, Strauch's Synonyms: Scapteira lineolata Nikolsky 1896, racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-estr~ch], Rhabderemias lineolata Lantz 1928; (Ananjeva et al., Synonym: Eremias velox strauchi Nikolsky 1915; 2007). (Anderson, 1999). lineolata-lineol-, diminutive form of L. linea line + (See [7] and [20]). suffix L. -at having Borror, 1988; hence Russia). (17) Eremias nigrolateralis R-Pouyani & Nilson 1997, (24) Lacerta cappadocica Werner 1902, Anatolian rock Black-sided racerunner, [Fa. l~sert~-e-pahlã siy~h]; (Anderson, 1999). lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r sakhre§ ~n~tol§], nigrolateralis-nigr-, L. niger black + L. later~lis Synonyms: Lacerta cappadocica Bischoff 2002; belonging to the sides, from L. latus wide (Lewis, (Eiselt, 1979). 1969); hence Eremias persica Blanfor1875,AraloCaspiaracerunner, to, from (Lewis, 1969). [Fa. l~sert~-e-§r~n§], (25) Lacerta chlorogaster Boulenger 1909, Green-bellied Synonyms: Eremias variabilis De Filippi 1865, lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-shekam sabz], Eremias velox Boulenger 1887; (Bogdanov and Synonym: Darevskia chlorogaster Arribas 1997; Vashetko, 1972). (Orlova, 1971).

324 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

chlorogaster-chlor-, Gr. chloros (yellow-)green + vanensis-Named after distribution restriction, around gastr-, Gr. gaster stomach, belly (Maggenti, 2005); the Lake Van, in eastern Turkey + L. suffix -ensis hence Lacerta strigata Eichwald 1831, Caspian green lizard, Lacerta saxicola Eversmann 1834; (Boettger, 1886). [Fa. sãsm~r sabz khazar§]; (Anderson, 1999). muralis-L. muralis belonging to or dwelling on the strigata-strig-, L. striga, furrow + L. suffix -at having walls, from L. murus a wall (Lewis, 1969); they are (Maggenti, 2005); referring to the furrow-like often seen laying on the walls, including natural markings of the species. stone wall or house wall. (36) Lacerta valentini Boettger 1892, Valentin's lizard, defilippii-The epithet has been named after Filippo de [Fa. sãsm~r-e-v~lent§n], Filippi (1814-1867), who was an Italian zoologist. Synonym: Lacerta valentini Darevsky et al. 1984; saxicola-saxi-, L. saxum stone, cliff, rock + L. cola (Eiselt et al., 1992). dweller, from L. colere to inhabit (Maggenti, 2005). valentini-Named after Dr. Jean Valentin, the (27) Lacerta media Lantz and Cyren 1920, Three-lined zoologist and explorer of amphibians and reptiles. lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r she khat], (37) Lacerta yassujica Nilson et al. (2003), Yassujian Synonym: Lacerta viridis Khalaf 1961; (Lutzmann, lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-y~sãj§]; (Nilson et al., 2003). 1998). yassujica-The epithet has been named after its type locality, Fa. Y ss j, a city and restrict name in Iran, media-feminine of L. adjective medius middle, half ~ ã the main distribution range of this species. (Lewis, 1969). (38) Lacerta zagrosica Rastegar-Pouyani and Nilson 1998, viridis-L. viridis green (Lewis, 1969); referring to the Zagrosian lacerta, [Fa. sãsm~r-e-z~gros§]; (Arnold green coloration on upper body of the male animal. et al., 1978). (28) Lacerta mostoufi Baloutch 1976, Dasht-e-Lut lacerta, zagrosica-Fa. Z~gros + L. suffix -ic belonging to, [Fa. l~sert~-e-dasht-e-lãt]; (Bosch, 1999). from; The epithet has been named after the locality of mostoufi-Mohammad Baloutch named this species the species, the mountain ranges of Zagros in Iran. after Mostoufi in 1976. (39)Mesalina brevirostris Blanford 1874, Short- (29) Lacerta praticola Eversmann 1834, Meadow lizard, nosed desert lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r biy~b~n§ pãzeh [Fa. sãsm~r-e-chamanz~r]; (Stugren, 1961). kãt~h], praticola-prat-, L. pr~tum meadow + L. cola Synonym: Mesalina brevirostris Das 1996; (Bosch, dwelling, abiding, living in (Lewis, 1969). 2001). (3) Lacerta princeps kurdistani Suchow 1936, Kurdistan Mesalina-Named after mythological Mesalina. lizard, [Fa. l~sert~-e-~r~lo-khazar§], brevirostris-brev-, L. brevis short + rostr-, L. rostrum Synonyms: Lacerta princeps Mertens 1952; (Rykena snout (Maggenti, 2005). and Hans, 1986). (40) Mesalina watsonana Stoliczka 1872, Persian long- princeps-L. princeps chief, the most eminent, tailed lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r domder~z §r~n§], distinguished, noble (Lewis, 1969); referring to the Synonyms: Mesalina watsonana Murray 1884, stately and lofty external appearance of the species. Mesalina pardalis Blanford 1876; (Das et al., 1998). kurdistanica-Named after its type locality, Kurdistan watsonana-Named after Watson. province or region, in western Iran. pardalis-L. p|rdalis, from Gr. BVD*"84H a female (31) Lacerta princeps princeps Blanford 1874, Aralo- panther (Lewis, 1969); perhaps referring to the body Caspian racerunner, [Fa. sãsm~r z~gros§], spots of the species. Synonyms: Lacerta princeps Blanford 1874, Lacerta (41) Ophisops elegans Menetries 1832, Sneyedlizard, [Fa. princeps princeps Eiselt 1968; (Anderson, 1999). m~rmãlak cheshm-m~r§], (See [30]). Synonyms: Amystes ehrenbergi Wiegmann 1835, (32) Lacerta raddei raddei Boettger 1892, Azerbaijan Ophisops blanfordi Schmidt 1939; (Petzold, 1976). lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r ~zarb~yj~n§], Ophisops-ophis-, Gr. ophis serpent + -ops, Gr. ops Synonyms: Lacerta saxicola raddei Darevsky 1967; eye (Maggenti, 2005). (Anderson, 1999). elegans-L. ‘l.gans nice, fastidious, neat, elegant raddei-he epithet was named after G.V. Radde who (Lewis, 1969). sent the types to Boettger. Amystes-Perhaps relates to L. |mystis, from Gr. (33) Lacerta raddei vanensis Eiselt, Schmidtler and ’V:LFJ4H (the emptying of a cup) at one draught Darevsky 1993, Lake Van lizard, [Fa. sãsm~r-e- (Lewis, 1969); perhaps referring to the swiftness and dary~che v~n]; (Anderson, 1999). fastness of the species.

325 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

ehrenbergi-Named after Christian Gottfried (46) Eumeces schneiderii zarudnyi Nikolsky 1900, Ehrenberg, zoologist (Ehrenberg, 1828). Zarudny's skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e-kh~ld~r], (42) Family Scincidae: Ablepharus bivittatus Menetries Synonyms: Eumeces pavimentatus Blanford 1876; 1832, Two-streaked snake-eyed skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e- (Anderson, 1999). cheshm m~r§ do-cheshm], pavimentatus-paviment-, L. pavimentum a floor Synonyms: Scincus bivittatus Menetries 1832, composed of small stones + L. suffix -at having Ablepharus bivittatus Gray 1844; (Ananjeva et al., (Lewis, 1969). 2007). (47) Eumeces taeniolatus (Blyth 1854), Ribbon-sided Ablepharus-a-, Gr. negative prefix a- not + blephar- skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e-pahlã kh~ld~r], Gr. blepharon eyelid (Partridge, 1966); hence Synonyms: Eumeces taeniolatus Stoliczka 1872, Caucasus mountains. Synonyms: Euprepis princeps Eichwald 1839, (50) Mabuya vittata (Olivier 1804), Bridled skink, [Fa. Plestiodon aldrovandii Defilippi 1865; (Anderson, esk§nk-e-log~md~r], 1974). Synonyms: Scincus vittatus Olivier 1804, Mabuya Eumeces-Gr. eu- good, nice + mec- Gr. mekos vittata Wettstein 1928; (van der Winden et al., 1995). length, height (Beltz, 2006); referring to the long tail vittata-vitt-, L. vitta band, stripe + L. -at having of the skink. (Maggenti, 2005). schneiderii-The epithet is named after Johann Gottlob (51) Ophiomorus blanfordi Boulenger 1887, Blanford's Schneider (1750-1822), German zoologist. snake skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e-m~r§ blanford], Euprepis-L. euprepis, from Gr. euprepés well- Synonym: Zygnidopsis brevipes Blanford 1879; looking, goodly, comely (of outward appearance) (Anderson, 1999). (Liddell and Robert, 1885). Ophiomorus-ophi-, Gr. ophis serpent + L. morus, Plestiodon-plesti-, perhaps from Gr. B8,«FJ@H the from Gr. moros fool, simpleton, related to L. m4ra most, a great deal + -odon, from Gr. odous tooth delay, hinderness (Lewis, 1969). (Liddell and Robert, 1885; Maggenti, 2005); hence Zygnidopsis-zygnid-, a combining form of Gr. zygnís

326 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

Synonyms: Zygnopsis brevipes Blanford 1874, Centrotrachelus-centr-, Gr. kentron center + trachel-, Ophiomorus brevipes Boulenger 1887; (Anderson, Gr. trakh‘los neck (Partridge, 1966). 1999). (60) Uromastyx loricatus (Blanford 1875), Mesopotamian Zygnopsis-zygn-, Gr. zygnís a kind of lizard + -opsis, spiny-tailed lizard, [Fa. ~g~m~-e-domt§gh§-e- Gr. opsis view, sight; properly: Iranian Plateau. from original waral monitor lizard (Klein, 1983). (55) Ophiomorus streeti Anderson & Leviton 1966, bengalensis-The epithet is named after the main Street's snake skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e- m~r§ estr§t]; locality of the species, Bengal, in the Indian (Rathor, 1970a). Peninsula. streeti-The epithet was named after W.S. Street and Tupinambis-Perhaps named after the Tupinamba, a J.K. Street, the collectors of the types. group of extinct Tupian peoples of eastern Brazil. (56) Ophiomorus tridactylus Blyth 1853, Three-toed sand monitor-an active participle of L. verb monere to skink, [Fa. esk§nk-e-m~se§ seh angosht§], warn (Lewis, 1969). Synonyms: Sphenocephalus tridactylus Blyth 1853, The name Varanus (from Ar. waran and finally Ophiomorus tridactylus Boulenger 1887; (Rathor, waral) comes from a common Semitic root ouran, 1970b). waran, or waral meaning Egypt (Lewis, 1969). Ananjeva, N.B., N.L. Orlov, R.G. Khalikov, (59) Uromastyx asmussi (Strauch 1863), Iranian spiny- I.S. Darevsky, S.A. Ryabov and A.V. Barabanov, tailed lizard, [Fa. ~g~m~-e-domt§gh§-e-§r~n§], 2007. Colored Atlas of the Reptiles of the North Synonyms: entrotrachelus asmussi Strauch 1863, Eurasia. (Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Uromastyx asmussi Mertens 1956; (Richter, 1961). Conservation Status). Zoological Institute, Russian asmussi-Named after Hermann Martin Asmuss Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (In (1812-1859), the professor of zoology at Dorpat. Russian).

327 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

Anderson, S.C., 1974. Preliminary key to the turtles, Braun, J.K. and A.M. Michael, 1995. The mammals of lizards and amphisbaenians of Iran. Fieldiana Zool., Argentina: An etymology. Mastozoología 65(6): 27-44. Neotropical SAREM, 2(2): 173-206. Anderson, S.C., 1978. Geographic distribution: Eremias Cope, E.D., 1900. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of acutirostris. Herpetolog. Rev., 9(3): 22. North America. Report United States National Anderson, S.C., 1999. The Lizards of Iran. Society for the Museum, 1898: 153-1270. Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New Dareysky, I.S. and N.N. Szczerbak, 1978. Eremias York, USA. andersoni, a new lizard (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Lacertidae) from Iran. J. Helpetology, 12(1): 13-15. Arnold, E.N., O. Arribas and S. Carranza, 1978. Das, I., B. Dattagupta and N.C. Gayen, 1998. History and Systematics of the Palearctic and Oriental lizard tribe catalogue of reptile types in the collection of the Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with zoological survey of India. J. S. Asian Nat. Hist., descriptions of eight new genera. Zootaxa, 1430: 3(2): 121-172. 1-86. Ehrenberg, C.G., 1828. Naturgeschichtliche Reisen durch Ataev, C.A., 1988. On Eremias arguta Pallas discovering Nord-Afrika und West-Asien in den Jahren 1820 Bis [sic] in south west Turkmenistan. Izvestiya Akademii 1825 von Dr. W.F. Hemprich und Dr. C.G. Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, ser. Biologicheskikh Nauk, Ehrenberg. In: Ehrenberg, C.G., (Ed.), Ernst 1988:66-67. (In Russian, with English summary.) Siegfried Mittler, Berlin, Germany. (In German). Auffenberg, W., 1981. Combat behaviour in Varanus Eiselt, J., I.S. Darevsky and J.F. Schmidtler, 1992. bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae). J. Bombay Nat. Untersuchungen an felseidechsen (Lacerta saxicola- Hist. Soc., 78(3): 54-72. Komplex; Reptilia: Lacertidae) in der östlichen Beltz, E., 2006. Scientific and Common Names of the Türkei. 1. Lacerta valentini Boettger. Annalen des Reptiles and Amphibians of North America. Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 93(8): 1-18. (In Bobrinsky, N.A., 1940. N.A. Zarudny (1859-1919): German). Zoologist and Traveler, Moscow Soc. Nat. Expl. Ser. Eiselt, J., 1979. Ergebnisse zoologischer sammelreisen in Histor, Moscow, pp: 72. der Türkei: Lacerta cappadocica Werner, 1902 (Lacertidae, Reptilia). Annalen des Naturhisrorischen Boettger, O., 1886. Die Replitien und Amphibien des Museums Wien, 82(6): 387-422. (In German, with Talysch-Gebietes. Nach Den Neuesten Materialien English summary). Bearbeitet. In Ferdinand R.R., (Ed.), Gustav Die Gledhill, D., 2008. The Names of Plants. Cambridge Fauna und Flora des südwestlichen Caspi-Gebietes. University Press, Cambridge. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge zu den Reisen der Hartmann, U.K., 1989. Beitrag zur Biologie des persisch-Russischen Grenze. Von Dr: Gustav Radde. Apothekerskinks Scincus scincus (Linnaeus, 1758). F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, Germany, pp: 30-82, (In Teil 2: Apothekerskinke im terrarium. Herpetofauna German). Weinstadt, 11: 12-24. (In German.) Bogdanov, O.P. and E.V. Vashetko, 1972. On ecology of Kiabi, B., B. Zehzad, H.G. Kami and S. Shafii, 1999. On lizard Eremias persica. Zoolog. Zhurnal Akademyia a new record of the Persian skink, Ophiomorus Nauk SSSR, 51: 310-312, (In Russian). persicus, in Iran. Zool. Middle East, Heidelberg, 19: Böhme, W., 1993. Hemipenial microorientation in 71-74. Lacerta brandtii De Filippi, 1863: Falsification of a Klein, D., 1983. A Comprehensive Etymological systematic hypothesis? (Squamata: Sauria: Dictionary of the Hebrew Language. Elsevier Lacertidae). Herpetozoa, 6(12): 141-143. Publishing Company, Amsterdam. Bosc d’Antic, L.A.G., 1792. Lacerta exanthematica. Kupriyanova, L.A. and V.N. Arronet, 1969. Karyotype of Actes de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1: eremias velox (Pallas). Tsitolog, 11: 1057-1060. 25, (In French). Lewis, S., 1969. Freund's A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Bosch, Herman A. J. in den. 1999. The status of Lacerta Press, Oxford. mostoufii Baloutch, 1977 (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Zool. Liddell, H. and S. Robert, 1885. A Greek-English Middle East Heidelberg, 19:13-15. Lexicon. Oxford University, Oxford. Bosch, H.A.J., 2001. Mesalina brevirostris Blanford, Lutzmann, N., 1998. Lacerta media ciliciensis schmidtler, 1874 (Reptilia: Lacertidae) in Lebanon, with data on 1975-Erfahrungsbericht über Zucht und Haltung. Die reproduction. Zool. Middle East Heidelberg, 23: Eidechse, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lacertiden 31-46. (Bonn/Bremen), 9: 22-28. (In German). Boulenger, G.A., 1890. On the occurrence of Eublepharis Maggenti, 2005. Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. macularius in transcaspia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser., University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 66: 352. Martens, H. and D. Kock, 1992. The desert monitor, Bouskila, A., 1983. The burrows of the dabb-lizard, Varanus griseus (Daudin 1803), in Syria. Uromastyx aegyptius. Israel J. Zool., 32: 151-152. Senckenbergiana Biol., 72(1-3): 7-11.

328 Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(5): 322-329, 2011

Moravec, J., 1994. A new lizard from Iran, Eremias Rykena, S. and Hans K.N., 1986. The karyotype of (Eremias) lalezharica sp. n. (Reptilia: Lacertilia: Lacerta princeps kurdistanica and its meaning in Lacertidae). Bonner Zool. Beiträge, 45(4): 61-66. phylogeny. In: Zbyn.k, R. (Ed.), Studies in Nilson, G., N. Rastegar-Pouyani, E. Rastegar-Pouyani Herpetology. Proceedings of the European and C. Andrén, 2003. Lacertas of south and central Herpetological Meeting (3rd Ordinary General Zagros Mountains, Iran, with description of two new Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica), taxa. Russian J. Herpetol., 10(1): 11-24. Prague, 1985. Charles University, for the Societas Orlova, V.F., 1971. Systematic status and ecology of Europaea Herpetologica, Prague, Czechoslovakia, Lacerta chlorogaster. Zoologicheski’i Zhurnal, pp: 193-196. Moskou, 50: 105-109, (In Russian, with English Shammakov, S.M., 1970. The ecology of lizards (Eremias summary). intermedia Strauch) in West Turkmenistan]. In: Partridge, E., 1966. A Short Etymological Dictionary of Dement’ev, G.P. (Ed.), The Animal World of Modern English. Routledge, London. Turkmenistan (Terrestrial Vertebrates). Academy of Petzold, H.G., 1976. Ophisops elegans Menetries, 1832- Science of Turkmenistan SSR, "Ylym" Publishing Schlangenaugenechse. Die Aquarien- und Terrarium- House, Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan, (In Russian), pp: Zeitschrift (DATZ). 23: 3, (In German). 134143. Rastegar-Pouyani, N., 2000. First record of the lacertid Soorae, P.S. and A. Al Hameiri, 2005. Mabuya aurata Acanthodactylus boskianus (Sauria: Lacertidae) for septemtaeniata (Family Scincidac): first record for Iran. Asiatic Herpetol. Res., 8: 85-89. the United Arab Emirates. Herpetol. Bull., pp: 19-20. Rastegar-Pouyani, N., 2006. Systematics of the genus Sprackland, R.G., 1992. Giant lizards. Neptune T.F.H. Asaccus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) on the Zagros Publications, NJ. Mountains, Iran. In: Miguel V., K. Jörn, Z. Thomas Stugren,B., 1961. Systematik der Wieseneidechse Lacerta and B. Wolfgang, (Eds.), Herpetologia Bonnensis II. praticola Eversmann. Zoolog. Beiträge, 6: 379-390. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Societas Szczerbak, N.N., 1972. New subspecies of Eremias Europaea Herpetologica. Societas Europaea strauchi-Eremias strauchi kopetdaghica ssp. nova Herpetologica, Bonn, Germany, pp: 117-119. (Sauria, Reptilia) from Turkmenia. Vestnik Zool. Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Haji Gholi Kami, Mehdi Zoolog. Rec. Kiev., 6: 83-86. (In Russian.) Rajabzadeh, Soheila Shafiei, and Steven Clement Tsellarius, A.Y., 1977. A contribution to the ecology of Anderson. 2009. Annotated checklist of amphibians Eremias grammica (Lacertidae, Sauria) in East and reptiles of Iran. Iran. J. Anim. Biosyst., 4(1): Karakumy. Zool. Zhurna Akodemyia Nauk SSSR., 43-66. 56: 224-231, (In Russian, with English summary). Rathor, M.S., 1970a. Temperature responses in the Indian Van der Winden, J., S. Henk and B. Sergé, 1995. Habitat sand lizard Ophiomorus streeti Anderson and related disruptive pattern distribution on the Leviton. Jap. J. Ecol., 20(4):67-80. polymorphic lizard Mabuya vittata. Act. Oecolog., Rathor, M.S., 1970b. Movements, homing behavior and 16: 423-430. territory of the Indian sand lizard Ophiomorus Werner, Y.L., 1998. The first record of Eumeces tridactylis (Blyth) Boulenger. Jap. J. Ecol., 20(10): taeniolatus (Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae) from Jordan. 208-210. Zool. Middle East Heidelberg, 16: 77-79. Richter, E., 1961. Zwei Arten Dornschwanz-Agamen, Wikipedia, 2010a. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia. Uromastyx asmussi und U. acanthurus, ALS org/w/index.php?oldid=4025967. "Haustiere". Die Aquarien-und Terrarium-Zeitschrift Wikipedia, 2010b. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia. (DATZ). 14: 343-347, 374-377. (In German). org/w/index.php?oldid=3999154.

329