DOCSLIB.ORG

The Asturian of Cantabria: Early Holocene Hunter-Gatherers in Northern Spain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Asturian of Cantabria: Early Holocene Hunter-Gatherers in Northern Spain Asturian of Cantabria: Early Holocene Hunter-Gatherers in Northern Spain Item Type Book; text Authors Clark, Geoffrey A. Publisher University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents Download date 03/10/2021 20:45:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595189 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA NUMBER 41 THE ASTURIAN OF CANTABRIA Early Holocene Hunter-Gatherers In Northern Spain Geoffrey A. Clark THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS TUCSON, ARIZONA 1983 About the author ... GEOFFREY A. CLARK, an Old World prehistorian, has done field work in France, Spain, and Turkey, and in the southwestern United States. His interests include preagricultural coastal adaptations (with which this monograph is concerned), paleoecology, archaeozool­ ogy, and archaeological site catchment analysis. Since 1968 he has been involved in research on Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in northern coastal Spain. Clark received his bachelor's degree (magna cum laude with Honors, 1966) and master's degree (1967) from the University of Arizona, and his doctoral degree from the University of Chicago (1971). He is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Arizona State University and has published papers on quantitative methods, the role of statistics in archae­ ological research designs, and human evolution. THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS Copyright © 1983 The Arizona Board of Regents All Rights Reserved This book was set in 10/11 V-I-P Times Roman Manufactured in the U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Clark, Geoffrey A. The Asturian of Cantabria. (Anthropological papers of the University of Arizona; no. 41) Includes index. 1. Mesolithic period-Spain-Cantabria. 2. Kitchen-middens -Spain-Cantabria. 3. Cantabria (Spain)-Antiquities. 4. Spain -Antiquities. I. Title. II. Series. GN774.22.S7C53 1983 936.6 83-1052 ISBN 0-8165-0800-3 This Volume is Dedicated to the Memory of D. Ricardo Duque de Estrada y Martinez de Moratin, Eighth Count of Vega Del Sella [1870-1941] CONTENTS PREFACE ............................... IX OTHER CONCHEROS .................. 39 Upper Paleolithic Conchero Sites ........ 39 I. RESEARCH APPROACHES TO THE EI Cierro ......................... 39 EUROPEAN MESOLITHIC ............... Balmori ........................... 40 La L10seta ........................ 41 2. CANTABRIAN GEOGRAPHY ............. 4 Post-Asturian Conchero Sites ........... 42 GEOMORPHOLOGY ................... 4 Les Pedroses ...................... 42 Geological Structures ................. 4 San Antonio ....................... 42 Karst Topography .................... 4 La Lloscta ........................ 43 Soil Types .......................... 5 Conclusions ......................... 44 Climate..... ............ .. ..... ..... 5 PORTUGUESE AND GALICIAN Vegetation .......................... 6 TERRACE SITES ...................... 44 FAUNAS ............................. 7 Mammals ........................... 7 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Molluscs ............................ 7 AT LIENCRES .......................... 51 SURFACE COLLECTION ............... 51 3. THE ASTURIAN OF CANTABRIA: Composition of the Surface Sample ...... 52 SURVEY OF PRIOR RESEARCH .......... 9 Debitage ............................ 52 ASTURIAN CONCHEROS .............. 9 Heavy Duty Tools .................... 52 The Asturian as a Mesolithic Small Tools ......................... 52 Industry .......................... 9 Distribution of Artifact Types The Asturian as a Lower Paleolithic in the Surface Sample ............... 56 Industry .......................... 10 Nearest Neighbor Analysis ............. 61 Historical Review of Asturian Sites ...... 10 TEST EXCAVATIONS .................. 63 Pen icial ........................... 10 Composition of the Excavated Sample .... 64 Cueto de la Mina ................... 12 Chi-square Test for Arnero ........................... 17 Two Independent Samples ........... 65 Fonfria ........................... 18 Distribution of Artifact Types in Levell 66 Coberizas ......................... 19 CONCLUSIONS ....................... 69 Tres Calabres ...................... 20 Balmori ........................... 21 5. INDUSTRIAL REMAINS ................. 80 La Riera .......................... 25 LITHICS ............................. 80 Mese ............................. 28 Debitage ............................ 80 Lledias ........................... 29 Unmodified Debris ................. 80 Bricia ............................ 29 Nuclei ............................ 80 Cuartamentero ..................... 31 Flakes ............................ 81 Colombres ........................ 32 Blades and Bladelets ................ 81 La Franca ......................... 34 Various ........................... 81 Playa de Ciriego .................... 36 Heavy Duty Tools .................... 81 Liencres .......................... 36 Hammerstones ..................... 82 La Lloseta ........................ 36 Picks ............................. 82 Minor Asturian Sites ................ 38 Choppers and Chopping Tools ........ 82 [v] vi Contents Bifaces ........................... 82 7. CATCHMENT ANALYSIS OF ASTURIAN SITES Milling Stones ..................... 83 Geoffrey A. Clark and Shereen Lerner ......... 120 Combination Tools .................. 83 SITE CATCHMENT ANALYSIS: Various ........................... 83 BASIC CONCEPTS AND Small Tools ......................... 83 ASSUMPTIONS ..................... 120 Endscrapers ....................... 83 MINIMAX, LEAST EFFORT, AND Continuously Retouched Pieces ....... 83 SATISFICER PRINCIPLES ............ 121 Side scrapers ....................... 83 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: SETTLEMENT Burins ............................ 83 LOCATIONS AND THE RELATIVE Denticulates ....................... 83 VALUE OF RESOURCES ............. 121 Notches ........................... 83 THE CANTABRIAN LANDSCAPE ........ 123 Wedges ........................... 84 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA ............. 123 Points ............................ 84 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 125 Perforators ........................ 84 SETTLEMENT-SUBSISTENCE Knives ........................... 84 SYSTEM MODELS .................. 132 Truncated Pieces ................... 84 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ............. 133 Retouched Bladelets ................ 84 Homogeneity Tests .................... 133 Combination Tools .................. 84 Cluster Analysis ...................... 135 Various ........................... 84 Discriminant Function Analysis ......... 136 Bone and Antler ..................... 84 CONCLUSIONS ....................... 139 Points ............................ 84 Perforating Tools ................... 85 8. EARLY HOLOCENE ADAPTATIONS ....... 140 Antler Tips ........................ 85 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING ............... 140 Perforated Batons .................. 85 EVALUATION OF THE LITERATURE .... 141 Bone with Cutting Marks ............ 85 DESCRIPTION OF THE Engraved Bone Fragments ............ 85 LITHIC INDUSTRY .................. 141 Various ........................... 85 FAUNAL REMAINS .................... 142 SUMMARY STATISTICS ................ 85 SITE CATCHMENT ANALYSIS .......... 144 Picks ............................... 100 PORTUGUESE AND GALICIAN Kruskal-Wallis Test ................. 105 TERRACE SITES .................... 145 Nearest Neighbor Analysis ........... 106 RESOURCE STRESS-A POSSIBLE Choppers and Chopping Tools .......... 108 EXPLANATION ..................... 145 CONCLUSIONS ....................... 109 APPENDIX A. Pollen Samples from Liencres Geoffrey Clark and 6. FAUNAL REMAINS ...................... 110 lasela Menendez-Amar 150 THE SUBSISTENCE BASE .............. liD Terrestrial Fauna ..................... 110 APPENDIX B. Liencres: The 1972 Surface Environmental Reconstruction: Collection ................... 152 Mammalian Fauna ................ III APPENDIX C. Site, Excavator, and Storage Marine Fauna ........................ III Location of Illustrated Artifacts 157 Environment and Exploitation .......... 115 Faunal Evidence for Post-Pleistocene REFERENCES 160 Climatic Shifts ..................... 116 The Cut E Sequence at Balmori ....... 1 17 INDEX ................................... 169 FIGURES I. I. Iberian Peninsula, showing Spain, Portugal, 3.4. Topography of the Ribadesella-Posada de Llanes and the provinces of Asturias and Santander .... xii area, showing the location of Asturian sites .... 13 3.1. Location of Asturian sites in the Cantabrian 3.5. Cueto de la Mina: plan of the cave and cross provinces of Asturias and Santander ....... 8 section through the original excavations . 13 3.2. Penicial: plan and elevation of the cave . \0 3.6. Amero: plan and elevation of the rock shelter ... 18 3.3. Penicial: cross section through the original 3.7. Coberizas: plan and elevation of the cave . 19 excavations .............................. 12 3.8 . BaImori: plan and elevation of the cave . ....... 22 Contents VII 3.9. La Riera: plan of the cave ................... 24 4.16. Proportional representation of all retouched 3.10. La Riera: cross section through the original pieces in Levell, Liencres .................. 69 excavations ............................... 26 4.17. Distribution of flint artifacts in Cut 4, Levell, 3.11. Bricia: plan and section of the cave ........... 30 Liencres ................................. 71 3.12. Bricia: section through the original excavations 4.18. Distribution of quartzite artifacts in Cut 4, showing the double stratigraphic sequence Level I, Liencres .........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Focusthe Barcelona Centre for International Affairs Brief
    CIDOB • Barcelona Centre for International 2012 for September Affairs. Centre CIDOB • Barcelona in focusThe Barcelona Centre for International Affairs Brief Spain’s Interregional Trade: 03 How Close is the Link? OCTOBER he following graphs contextualise the importance of the national and 2012 international market for the 17 dif ferent Spanish regions, in terms of both T sales and purchases, and in terms of internal market flows. Sales of Goods to Other Spanish Regions and Abroad (2011) 46 54 Basque County 36 64 45,768 M€ 33 67 Cantabria 45 55 7,231 M€ Navarre 54 46 Asturias 17,856 M€ 53 47 Galicia 11,058 M€ 32,386 M€ 40 60 31 69 Catalonia La Rioja 104,914 M€ Castile-Leon 4,777 M€ 30,846 M€ 39 61 Aragon 54 46 23,795 M€ Madrid 45,132 M€ 45 55 22 78 5050 Valencia 29 71 Castile-La Mancha 44,405 M€ Balearic Islands Extremaura 18,692 M€ 1,694 M€ 4,896 M€ 39 61 Murcia 14,541 M€ 44 56 4,890 M€ Andalusia Canary Islands 52,199 M€ 49 51 % Sales 0-4% 5-10% To the Spanish World Regions 11-15% 16-20% Source: C-Intereg, INE and Datacomex Produced by: CIDOB Share of Spanish Population (%) Circle Size = Total Sales in focus CIDOB 03 . OCTOBER 2012 CIDOB • Barcelona Centre for International 2012 for September Affairs. Centre CIDOB • Barcelona Purchase of Goods From Other Spanish Regions and Abroad (2011) Basque County 28 72 36 64 35,107 M€ 35 65 Asturias Cantabria Navarre 11,580 M€ 55 45 6,918 M€ 14,914 M€ 73 27 Galicia 29 71 25,429 M€ 17 83 Catalonia Castile-Leon La Rioja 97,555 M€ 34,955 M€ 29 71 6,498 M€ Aragon 67 33 26,238 M€ Madrid 79,749 M€ 44 56 2 78 Castile-La Mancha Valencia 19 81 12 88 23,540 M€ Extremaura 49 51 45,891 M€ Balearic Islands 8,132 M€ 8,086 M€ 54 46 Murcia 18,952 M€ 56 44 Andalusia 52,482 M€ Canary Islands 35 65 13,474 M€ Purchases from 27,000 to 31,000 € 23,000 to 27,000 € Rest of Spain 19,000 to 23,000 € the world 15,000 to 19,000 € GDP per capita Circle Size = Total Purchase Source: C-Intereg, Expansión and Datacomex Produced by: CIDOB 2 in focus CIDOB 03 .
    [Show full text]
  • ¿Quiénes Forman La Fundación Banco De Alimentos De Asturias?
    ¿Qué es la Fundación Banco de Alimentos de Asturias? La Fundación Banco de Alimentos tiene como objetivo la búsqueda de alimentos por diversos medios, su clasifica- ¿Quiénes forman la Fundación Banco Nombre Entidad Localidad Nº Beneficiarios ción, almacenaje, inspección y donación gratuita a Unida- de Alimentos de Asturias? Cocina Económica de Mieres Mieres 25 des de trabajo Social, centros benéficos, asistenciales Parroquia Posada de Llanera Llanera 99 y/o sociales ubicados en el Principado de Asturias. La entidad está completamente gestionada por voluntarios. Cáritas San Pedro Siero 50 La filosofía de la entidad es la defensa, el trabajo y promo- Asociación UNGA Siero 60 A través de las diversas actividades que desarrolla la Fun- ción del voluntariado, delegando al personal contratado el Residencia de ancianos Pola de Siero Siero 127 dación Banco de Alimentos se intenta concienciar a la so- Asociación Padres Colegio La Salle-Ujo Ujo 30 desempeño de las actividades básicas para dar continuidad ciedad sobre la problemática originada por el despilfarro ACCEM Asturias 6 a las actuaciones de la entidad. de alimentos y su posible recuperación destinándolos a ADEPAS Oviedo 120 personas sin recursos. Los voluntarios son los encargados de formar parte del Pa- ADEVIDA Oviedo 182 tronato (junta directiva de la entidad), de la distribución, Asturias Acoge Oviedo 20 En la actualidad la entidad cuenta con más de 130 entida- Albergue Cano Mato Vigil Oviedo 80 gestión de los alimentos, de llevar a cabo las actividades des receptoras, con unos beneficiarios indirectos de aprox. CEA Cáritas Oviedo 20 de concienciación y sensibilización en centros comerciales, 15.120 y una distribución de 1.504.000 kilos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin
    THE BULLETIN July, 1961 Number 22 ********************************************************************************* Contents News 1 In the Looking Glass – Ourselves 11 Donald E. Lown Riverhaven Site #1 and #2, Grand Isla nd, New York 13 Edward Kochan A Fishing Village on Oak Orchard Creek – Ood 6-3 14 Stanley Vanderlaan An Approach to Iroquois – White Acculturation Through Archeology 15 Charles F. Hayes III THE BULLETIN July, 1961 Number 22 ************************************************************************************* Date Lines The National Bureau of Standards in January set 5760 years as, the new, more accurate half-life of Carbon 14. This is almost 200 years more than the half-life of 5568 formerly used in calculating CI4 dates. Without rendering unusable the dates already published, the longer half -life weights the probabilities heavily toward the plus or older extreme. Thus a date given as 10,000 ± 250 years, using the longer half-life, is much more likely to be 10,250 years than 9750. Applying the above information to the date of 9652B. C. ± 600 years obtained from the Raddatz Rock Shelter in Wisconsin excavated and reported by Warren L. Wittry in "Wisconsin Archaeologist", Vol. 40, No. 2, we can see that primal occupation of this site approaches 12,000 years. It yielded an "Archaic" type of material described by Wittry (see NYSAA Bulletin 19) as falling into pattern with that of Modoc Rock Shelter in Illinois which, in its lowest level, using the longer C14 half-life, dates at about 11,000 years. The geology of Raddatz, as interpreted by Robert F. Black, shows that the vicinity became permanently ice-free and non-boreal about 10,000 years ago and soil levels thereafter lie in simple chronological super position.
    [Show full text]
  • How Can a Modern History of the Basque Country Make Sense? on Nation, Identity, and Territories in the Making of Spain
    HOW CAN A MODERN HISTORY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY MAKE SENSE? ON NATION, IDENTITY, AND TERRITORIES IN THE MAKING OF SPAIN JOSE M. PORTILLO VALDES Universidad del Pais Vasco Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada (Reno) One of the more recurrent debates among Basque historians has to do with the very object of their primary concern. Since a Basque political body, real or imagined, has never existed before the end of the nineteenth century -and formally not until 1936- an «essentialist» question has permanently been hanging around the mind of any Basque historian: she might be writing the histo- ry of an non-existent subject. On the other hand, the heaviness of the «national dispute» between Basque and Spanish identities in the Spanish Basque territories has deeply determined the mean- ing of such a cardinal question. Denying the «other's» historicity is a very well known weapon in the hands of any nationalist dis- course and, conversely, claiming to have a millenary past behind one's shoulders, or being the bearer of a single people's history, is a must for any «national» history. Consequently, for those who consider the Spanish one as the true national identity and the Basque one just a secondary «decoration», the history of the Basque Country simply does not exist or it refers to the last six decades. On the other hand, for those Basques who deem the Spanish an imposed identity, Basque history is a sacred territory, the last refuge for the true identity. Although apparently uncontaminated by politics, Basque aca- demic historiography gently reproduces discourses based on na- - 53 - ESPANA CONTEMPORANEA tionalist assumptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeologist Volume 44 No
    OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 44 NO. 1 WINTER 1994 Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO The Archaeological Society of Ohio MEMBERSHIP AND DUES Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable on the first of January as follows: Regular membership $17.50; husband and wife (one copy of publication) $18.50; Life membership $300.00. EXPIRES A.S.O. OFFICERS Subscription to the Ohio Archaeologist, published quarterly, is included in 1994 President Larry L. Morris, 901 Evening Star Avenue SE, East the membership dues. The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an incor­ Canton, OH 44730, (216) 488-1640 porated non-profit organization. 1994 Vice President Stephen J. Parker, 1859 Frank Drive, BACK ISSUES Lancaster, OH 43130, (614) 653-6642 1994 Exec. Sect. Donald A. Casto, 138 Ann Court, Lancaster, OH Publications and back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist: 43130, (614)653-9477 Ohio Flint Types, by Robert N. Converse $10.00 add $1.50 P-H 1994 Recording Sect. Nancy E. Morris, 901 Evening Star Avenue Ohio Stone Tools, by Robert N. Converse $ 8.00 add $1.50 P-H Ohio Slate Types, by Robert N. Converse $15.00 add $1.50 P-H SE, East Canton, OH 44730, (216) 488-1640 The Glacial Kame Indians, by Robert N. Converse.$20.00 add $1.50 P-H 1994 Treasurer Don F. Potter, 1391 Hootman Drive, Reynoldsburg, 1980's& 1990's $ 6.00 add $1.50 P-H OH 43068, (614) 861-0673 1970's $ 8.00 add $1.50 P-H 1998 Editor Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Dr., Plain City, OH 1960's $10.00 add $1.50 P-H 43064, (614)873-5471 Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist printed prior to 1964 are gen­ 1994 Immediate Past Pres.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material Not for Distribution Map 0.1
    CONTENTS List of Illustrations ix Preface and Acknowledgments xiii Introduction Ana Varela-COPYRIGHTED Lago and Phylis Cancilla MATERIAL Martinelli 3 1. Working in AmericaNOT and FORLiving in DISTRIBUTIONSpain: The Making of Transnational Communities among Spanish Immigrants in the United States Ana Varela- Lago 21 2. The Andalucía- Hawaii- California Migration: A Study in Macrostructure and Microhistory Beverly Lozano 66 3. Spanish Anarchism in Tampa, Florida, 1886– 1931 Gary R. Mormino and George E. Pozzetta† 91 viii CONTENTS 4. “Yours for the Revolution”: Cigar Makers, Anarchists, and Brooklyn’s Spanish Colony, 1878– 1925 Christopher J. Castañeda 129 5. Pageants, Popularity Contests, and Spanish Identities in 1920s New York Brian D. Bunk 175 6. Miners from Spain to Arizona Copper Camps, 1880– 1930 Phylis Cancilla Martinelli 206 7. From the Mountains and Plains of Spain to the Hills and Hollers of West Virginia: Spanish Immigration into Southern West Virginia in the Early Twentieth Century Thomas Hidalgo 246 8. “Spanish Hands for the American Head?”: Spanish Migration to the United States and the Spanish State Ana Varela- Lago 285 Postscript. Hidden No Longer: Spanish Migration and the Spanish Presence in the United States Ana Varela- Lago and Phylis Cancilla Martinelli 320 List of Contributors 329 Index 333 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION MAP 0.1. Map of Spain COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION Ana Varela- Lago and Phylis Cancilla Martinelli In his book Our America: A Hispanic History of the United States,
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Censuses of the Sixteenth Century
    BYU Family Historian Volume 1 Article 5 9-1-2002 Spanish Censuses of the Sixteenth Century George R. Ryskamp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byufamilyhistorian Recommended Citation The BYU Family Historian, Vol. 1 (Fall 2002) p.14-22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Family Historian by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Spanish Censuses of the Sixteenth Century by George R. Ryskamp, J.D., AG A genealogist tracing family lines backwards This article will be organized under a combination of in Spain will almost certainly find a lack of records the first and second approach, looking both at the that have sustained his research as he reaches the year nature of the original order to take the census and 1600. Most significantly, sacramental records in where it may be found, and identifying the type of about half ofthe parishes begin in or around the year census to be expected and the detail of its content. 1600, likely reflecting near universal acceptance and application of the order for the creation of baptismal Crown Censuses and marriage records contained in the decrees of the The Kings ofCastile ordered several censuses Council of Trent issued in 1563. 1 Depending upon taken during the years 1500 to 1599. Some survive the diocese between ten and thirty percent of only in statistical summaries; others in complete lists. 5 parishes have records that appear to have been In each case a royal decree ordered that local officials written in response to earlier reforms such as a (usually the municipal alcalde or the parish priest) similar decrees from the Synod of Toledo in 1497.
    [Show full text]
  • Asturica Augusta
    Today, as yesterday, communication and mobility are essential in the configuration of landscapes, understood as cultural creations. The dense networks of roads that nowadays crisscross Europe have a historical depth whose roots lie in its ancient roads. Under the might of Rome, a network of roads was designed for the first time that was capable of linking points very far apart and of organizing the lands they traversed. They represent some of the Empire’s landscapes and are testimony to the ways in which highly diverse regions were integrated under one single power: Integration Water and land: Integration Roads of conquest The rural world of the limits ports and trade of the mountains Roads of conquest The initial course of the roads was often marked by the Rome army in its advance. Their role as an instrument of control over conquered lands was a constant, with soldiers, orders, magistrates, embassies and emperors all moving along them. Alesia is undoubtedly one of the most emblematic landscapes of the war waged by Rome’s legions against the peoples that inhabited Europe. Its material remains and the famous account by Caesar, the Gallic Wars, have meant that Alesia has been recognized for two centuries now as a symbol of the expansion of Rome and the resistance of local communities. Alesia is the famous battle between Julius Caesar and Vercingetorix, the Roman army against the Gaulish tribes. The siege of Alesia took place in 52 BC, but its location was not actually discovered until the 19th century thanks to archeological research! Located on the site of the battle itself, in the centre of France, in Burgundy, in the village of Alise-Sainte-Reine, the MuseoParc Alesia opened its doors in 2012 in order to provide the key to understanding this historical event and the historical context, in order to make history accessible to the greatest number of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Basque Studies
    Center for BasqueISSN: Studies 1537-2464 Newsletter Center for Basque Studies N E W S L E T T E R Basque Literature Series launched at Frankfurt Book Fair FALL Reported by Mari Jose Olaziregi director of Literature across Frontiers, an 2004 organization that promotes literature written An Anthology of Basque Short Stories, the in minority languages in Europe. first publication in the Basque Literature Series published by the Center for NUMBER 70 Basque Studies, was presented at the Frankfurt Book Fair October 19–23. The Basque Editors’ Association / Euskal Editoreen Elkartea invited the In this issue: book’s compiler, Mari Jose Olaziregi, and two contributors, Iban Zaldua and Lourdes Oñederra, to launch the Basque Literature Series 1 book in Frankfurt. The Basque Government’s Minister of Culture, Boise Basques 2 Miren Azkarate, was also present to Kepa Junkera at UNR 3 give an introductory talk, followed by Olatz Osa of the Basque Editors’ Jauregui Archive 4 Association, who praised the project. Kirmen Uribe performs Euskal Telebista (Basque Television) 5 was present to record the event and Highlights 6 interview the participants for their evening news program. (from left) Lourdes Oñederra, Iban Zaldua, and Basque Country Tour 7 Mari Jose Olaziregi at the Frankfurt Book Fair. Research awards 9 Prof. Olaziregi explained to the [photo courtesy of I. Zaldua] group that the aim of the series, Ikasi 2005 10 consisting of literary works translated The following day the group attended the Studies Abroad in directly from Basque to English, is “to Fair, where Ms. Olaziregi met with editors promote Basque literature abroad and to and distributors to present the anthology and the Basque Country 11 cross linguistic and cultural borders in order discuss the series.
    [Show full text]
  • Temperature Variability in the Bay of Biscay During the Past 40 Years, from an in Situ Analysis and a 3D Global Simulation
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Continental Shelf Research 29 (2009) 1070–1087 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Continental Shelf Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Temperature variability in the Bay of Biscay during the past 40 years, from an in situ analysis and a 3D global simulation S. Michel a,Ã, A.-M. Treguier b, F. Vandermeirsch a a Dynamiques de l’Environnement Coˆtier/Physique Hydrodynamique et Se´dimentaire, IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane´, France b Laboratoire de Physique des Oce´ans, CNRS-IFREMER-IRD-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane´, France article info abstract Article history: A global in situ analysis and a global ocean simulation are used jointly to study interannual to decadal Received 21 June 2008 variability of temperature in the Bay of Biscay, from 1965 to 2003. A strong cooling is obtained at all Received in revised form depths until the mid-1970’s, followed by a sustained warming over 30 years. Strong interannual 21 November 2008 fluctuations are superimposed on this slow evolution. The fluctuations are intensified at the surface and Accepted 27 November 2008 are weakest at 500 m. A good agreement is found between the observed and simulated temperatures, Available online 6 February 2009 in terms of mean values, interannual variability and time correlations. Only the decadal trend is Keywords: significantly underestimated in the simulation. A comparison to satellite sea surface temperature (SST) Bay of Biscay data over the last 20 years is also presented. The first mode of interannual variability exhibits a quasi- Interannual temperature variability uniform structure and is related to the inverse winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Ordenanza Fiscal Nº 14 Ayuntamiento De Nava
    ORDENANZA FISCAL Nº 14 AYUNTAMIENTO DE NAVA ASTURIAS HACIENDA MUNICIPAL IMPUESTO SOBRE BIENES INMUEBLES Art.1.-Utilizando la facultad contenida en el artículo 72 del Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2004, que aprueba el Texto Refundido de la Ley Reguladora de las Haciendas Locales, el tipo de gravamen del Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles aplicable en este Municipio queda fijado en los términos que se establecen en el artículo siguiente. Art.2.-1-El tipo de gravamen del Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles aplicable a los bienes de naturaleza urbana queda fijado en el 0,52 %. 2-El tipo de gravamen del Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles aplicable a los bienes de naturaleza rústica, queda fijado en el 0,52 %. Art. 3.- En aplicación de lo dispuesto en el artículo 62 del TRLRHL, se establece una exención para los bienes inmuebles cuando la cuota líquida por contribuyente relativa a la totalidad de las parcelas de su titularidad, no supere los límites siguientes: - Bienes de naturaleza urbana: 3´79 €. - Bienes de naturaleza rústica: 9´02 €. Art 4.- Bonificación potestativa por sistema especial de pago (fraccionamiento). 1. Con el objeto de facilitar el cumplimiento de la obligación tributaria, se establece un sistema especial de pago de las cuotas por recibo procedentes del Padrón del Impuesto, que, además del fraccionamiento de la deuda en los términos previstos en este artículo, permitirá a quienes se acojan al mismo el disfrute de la bonificación establecida en el apartado segundo de este artículo. 2. Al amparo de lo dispuesto en el artículo 9.1 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Haciendas Locales, se establece una bonificación del 2 por ciento sobre el importe del pago a cuenta del Impuesto a que se refiere el apartado 5 del presente artículo, a favor de aquellos 1 sujetos pasivos que se acojan al sistema especial de pago regulado en los apartados siguientes del presente artículo.
    [Show full text]
  • Skeletonized Microfossils from the Lower–Middle Cambrian Transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain
    Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower–Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain SÉBASTIEN CLAUSEN and J. JAVIER ÁLVARO Clausen, S. and Álvaro, J.J. 2006. Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower–Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (2): 223–238. Two different assemblages of skeletonized microfossils are recorded in bioclastic shoals that cross the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary in the Esla nappe, Cantabrian Mountains. The uppermost Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks repre− sent a ramp with ooid−bioclastic shoals that allowed development of protected archaeocyathan−microbial reefs. The shoals yield abundant debris of tube−shelled microfossils, such as hyoliths and hyolithelminths (Torellella), and trilobites. The overlying erosive unconformity marks the disappearance of archaeocyaths and the Iberian Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary. A different assemblage occurs in the overlying glauconitic limestone associated with development of widespread low−relief bioclastic shoals. Their lowermost part is rich in hyoliths, hexactinellid, and heteractinid sponge spicules (Eiffelia), chancelloriid sclerites (at least six form species of Allonnia, Archiasterella, and Chancelloria), cambroclaves (Parazhijinites), probable eoconchariids (Cantabria labyrinthica gen. et sp. nov.), sclerites of uncertain af− finity (Holoplicatella margarita gen. et sp. nov.), echinoderm ossicles and trilobites. Although both bioclastic shoal com− plexes represent similar high−energy conditions, the unconformity at the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary marks a drastic replacement of microfossil assemblages. This change may represent a real community replacement from hyolithelminth−phosphatic tubular shells to CES (chancelloriid−echinoderm−sponge) meadows. This replacement coin− cides with the immigration event based on trilobites previously reported across the boundary, although the partial infor− mation available from originally carbonate skeletons is also affected by taphonomic bias.
    [Show full text]