DOCSLIB.ORG

Strathyop4-Ottawa.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strathyop4-Ottawa.Pdf ,, OccasionalPapers Number4 STRATHY LANGUAGEUNIT Queen's University Kingston,Ontario fflte @Uawa flJwl/lfll!//Io/ ~~ ~~ Howard B. Woods Occasional Papers Number 4 STRATHY LANGUAGE UNIT Queen's University Kingston, Ontario fflte @Uawa !JJ~ of r;~ 8~ l II Howard B. Woods ! ® Howard B. Woods, 1999 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Woods, Howard (Howard B.) The Ottawa Survey of Canadian English (Strathy Language Unit occasional papers, number 4) ISBN 0-88911·880-9 1. English language - Ottawa I. Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.). Strathy Language Unit. II. Title. m.Series: Occasional papers (Queen's University} (Kingston, Ont.). Strathy Language Unit); 4 Printed in Canada Strathy Language Unit OccasionalPapers Number 1 In Search of lfle Standard in CanadianEnglish, ed. W.C. Lougheed Number2 Writingson Canadian English 1976-1987,A SelectiveAnnotated Bibliography,ed. W.C. Lougheed Number 3 The English Language as Used in Quebec, A Su/Vey,Tom McArthur Number 4 The Ottawa Su/Vey of CanadianEnglish, Howard B. Woods Preface This study is a response to the long-standing need within the field of applied linguistics for a better understanding of General Canadian English and for a quantitative documentation of its usage. This manuscript will present an analysis of a sample of this national language as spoken by persons whose mother tongue is English and who were born and raised within the urban boundaries of the city of Ottawa. The analysis will demonstrate that the informants vary their speech patterns according to the tasks which they are asked to perform. Further, the analysis will demonstrate that variations in usage are correlated to age, sex, socio-economic status, ethnic background, rural background and sometimes to the number of generations the informant's family has been in Canada. An hour-long interview was conducted with one hundred informants by means of a questionnaire which was designed to elicit phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and lexical responses while the informants were performing a number of language related tasks. There was, of course, no way of eliminating completely the influences of the interview situation, which generally causes speech to be more forma l than the relaxed, unguarded style of casual conversation. However, a number of techniques were employed in order to enable the informant to relax and thereby speak more freely. Unlike several urban socio-dialectology surveys conducted previously, this survey will analyse the speech characte ristics of a broad range of the socio-economic structure, including the lower working, lower middle, midd le middle, upper middle, and lower upper, classes. It is therefore the first such survey dealing with North American English which analyses the speech characteristics of the mainstream of society as well as those of the minority ethnic groups. Chapter 5 will present an analysis of the co-variation of 27 phonological segments and sociological and stylistic parameters. Our data will forcefully prove the hypothesis of phonological and stylistic co-variation, with 20 of the 27 items demonstrating variation directly related to the degree of formality of the task performed by the informant. Similarly, the data will prove the hypothesis of phonological and socio-economic co-variation. In this case, 1o of the 27 items will demonstrate ordered stratification. The data also reveal that the upper classes use a much broader range of styles than do the lower classes. Our analysis will also reveal interesting findings of sex and age differentiation in addition to a number of important phonological discoveries. i Chapter 6 will analyse the co-variation of grammatical, pronunciation, and vocabulary forms and sociological factors. The data will demonstrate that 12 of 15 grammatical items, 25 of 48 pronunciation items, and 2 of 8 vocabulary items have clear and ordered socioeconomic stratification. We will designate particular forms to be prestige and stigmatized forms according to observed usage patterns. Our data will also demonstrate interesting sex and age differentiation; for example, our female informants maintained the strongest class hierarchy, had the lowest frequency of stigmatized forms, and the highest frequency of prestige forms. Chapters 5 and 6 both have an evaluation and summary section which contains the important findings of their respective analyses, a comparison of data and conclusions from previous studies. Prior to presenting the extensive data and evaluative comments on the co-variation of stylistic and sociological variation of Canadian English usage, which is to be found in Chapters 5 and 6, a number of background subjects will be dealt with. First, a review and evaluation of the previous dialectology studies from which the present study is adapted will be presented. Second, the background of Ottawa's settlement patterns and present situation will be discussed. Third, the development of Canadian English will be traced through time so that this national dialect can be placed in relation to other dialects of the English language family. This historical sketch will be followed by a detailed account of those characteristics which distinguish Canadian English from Northern American, its closest relative. Linguistic comparisons in this study will be made most often with reference to Northern American and General American rather than with Standard Southern British. The fourth subject to be dealt with will be the methodology of the study itself. The conclusion will contain a summary of the important findings, a comparison of data from previous studies, and suggestions for future studies. Appendix A will contain the questionnaire. Appendix B will contain paralinguistic data and Appendix C will contain attitudinal observations. ii r TABLE OF CONTENTS THE TITLE PAGE .......... ................................. PREFACE ............... ................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS . iii DEDICATION . V FOREWORD ............. ...... ... ............... ...... vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1. Purpose . 1 2. The Value of Sociolinguistic Urban Surveys .. ............. 3 3. Previous Studies . 6 Notes ........................... ........... ... 10 CHAPTER 2: OTTAWA . 15 1. Ottawa, Its Settlement and Setting . 15 2. Ottawa Valley Urban Centres . 19 Notes .................... ... .. ....... ....... 21 CHAPTER 3: CANADIAN ENGLISH . 22 1. Canadian English in Relation to Other Dialects . 22 2. Linguistic Features ....... ....... .. .' . 26 Notes ................ .. ....... .... .... .. .... 50 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY . 52 1. The Sociological Parameters . 52 2. The Contextual Styles . 57 3. The Sample . 60 4. The Questionnaire . 70 5. Interviews ............. ........... ......... .. 70 6. Transcription and Analysis . .. .. ..... ............. 70 7. Limitations . 71 Notes ................ .......................... 74 iii CHAPTER 5: THE CO-VARIATION OF THE PHONOLOGICAL VARIABLES WITH SOCIOLOGICAL AND STYLISTIC PARAMETERS . 77 1. Measurementof Co-variation . 77 2. Evaluationand Summary .. ............... .......... 161 Notes ................. ......................... 176 CHAPTER 6: THE CO-VARIATION OF GRAMMATICAL, PRONUNCIATION, ANDVOCABULARY VARIABLES WITH SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ..................................... 184 1. Grammarand Syntax . ............ 185 2. Pronunciation......... ............................ 199 3. Vocabulary . ....... 244 4. Evaluationand Summary .. ......................... 252 5. Comparisonwith SCE .. ....... .................... 264 Notes .............. ............................ 266 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION .. ..... ................... ...... 269 1. Methodology . 269 2. The Co--variationof PhonologicalVariables with Sociologicaland Stylistic Parameters . ....... 270 3. The Co·variation of Grammatical, Pronunciation, and Vocabulary Variables with Sociological Parameters . ......... 275 Notes .............................. .... ....... 279 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... .... ................... ........ .... .. 281 APPENDIX A: OTTAWA ENGUSH QUESTIONNAIRE ... ... ....... 288 APPENDIX B: PARALINGUISTIC PHENOMENA ... ... ... ........ 318 APPENDIX C: LANGUAGE ATilTUDES ......... .. ........... 320 iv Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Ors. Robert J. Gregg and Ruth E. McConnell both of whom devoted much of their academic careers to the study of Canadian English. Appreciation The author wishes to thank the one hundred interviewees who made this I survey possible. Honouring the initial agreement that all interviews be kept i anonymous, we will not be able to thank these volunteers more personnally . 1 ) 'I I Acknowledgement I l This survey was supported by the Public Service Commission of Canada and the Public Service Alliance of Canada in 1977-79. This book has been l published with the help of the Strathy Language Unit of Queen's University. I l V I Foreword In producing this pleasing new book, Howard Woods is following in a tradition that begins with William labov's Social Stratification of English in New York City, first published in 1966. Since that time, work in the field of secular linguistics--studies designed to answer problems of concern to linguists through investigations of well-recorded spontaneous speech--has developed into one of the most important aspects of modem linguistics. There is, nevertheless, still a relative dearth of works of this type as compared to work that is based on laboratory research or, more particularly, work at the linguist's own desk. We are also especially short of large-scale surveys of the sort
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Project 2 FINAL Draft
    ! ! Are$Phoneme$Categories$$ Context1Dependent$or$Context1Independent?$ $ English$Phoneme$Discrimination$by$Dutch1English$Early$Bilinguals$$ in$Dutch$and$English$Pseudo1Word$Contexts$ ! ! ! ! by!! ! Andreea!Geambașu! ! ! ! ! ! ! Supervisor:!Prof.!Dr.!Paul!Boersma! ! Co<Assessor:!Drs.!Titia!Benders! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Research!Report!for!the!Completion!of!MSc!in!Brain!and!Cognitive!Sciences! Track:!Cognitive!Science! Amsterdam,!2011! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Acknowledgements$ ! Many wonderful people have helped me over the year that I’ve been working on developing and executing this project. First of all, thank you to Titia Benders for helping me with the brainstorming process for this project, for your valuable feedback, for taking the time to help me with the studio recordings and splicing, and for assuming the role of co-assessor. For their guidance on the topic of EEG research, thank you to Titia van Zuijen and Karin Wanrooij. I appreciate that you took the time to talk with me on multiple occasions, even though you were not directly involved in this project, and even though time did not allow for us to execute the proposed EEG part of this project. I have learned so much from you both nonetheless. Also thanks to Jan-Willem van Leussen for coordinating the testing rooms and for taking the time to help with stimuli recordings; to Maartje Raijmakers for your help with the ethical approval; to David Weenink for filling the role of UvA representative; and to Dirk Vet for all the technical support. Finally, a sincere thank you to my supervisor Paul Boersma for all of your guidance along the way, your knowledgeable feedback, your help with the analysis and for pushing me to teach myself basic statistics, for giving me the chance to attend L.O.T., and for your help 2! ! on my first attempt at my own PhD project proposal.
    [Show full text]
  • Black English: a Community Language. PUB DATE Nov 73 NOTE 12P.; Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Speech Communication Assn
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 083 655 CS 500 442 AUTHOR Davis, France A. TITLE Black English: A Community Language. PUB DATE Nov 73 NOTE 12p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Speech Communication Assn. (November 19-21, 1973) EDRS PRICE NF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *African American Studies; Biculturalism; *Communication (Thought Transfer); *Cross Cultural Studies; Cultural Interrelationships; Language Styles; *Language Usage; Negro Culture; *Negro Dialects; Negroes; Verbal Communication IDENTIFIERS *Afro American Communication ABSTRACT Black English, the particular variation of the English language used by many American Negroes, is frequently condemned as inferior to standard English by arbiters of language usage, but many Negroes find the structures and style of black English satisfactory for their communication needs. Black English is the result of a complex, developmental history, emerging from the primarily verbal intercommunication prevalent in the early culture of English-speaking Negroes. Because of its history and its usefulness, black English has earned a legitimate place in the American culture and educational system. The author argues that since black English is the usage most frequently practiced by the largest racial minority group in the United States and since it has a consistent linguistic structure, such language usage can no longer roe ignored in academic studies of American language or in the curricula of American schools. (CH) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION L WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION Do,uvE '1,F% WcPWC) D U (I D F .F POM THE C.AN I. '.(7,% (,4 POIN ". '71 .E A ',WI DO NO' NE,F v WF PPF SENT 0, Tt, TF '),v P05 '.0% BLACK ENGLISH: A COMMUNITY LANGUAGE Author: FRANCE A DAVIS PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS COPY RluHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY Address: Department of Communication France A.
    [Show full text]
  • Manipulating Stance and Involvement Using Collaborative Tasks: an Exploratory Comparison
    INTERSPEECH 2014 Manipulating stance and involvement using collaborative tasks: An exploratory comparison Valerie Freeman1, Julian Chan1, Gina-Anne Levow1, Richard Wright1, Mari Ostendorf2,Victoria Zayats2 1Department of Linguistics 2Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA USA fvalerief,jchan3,levow,rawright,ostendor,[email protected] Abstract us to identify and quantify properties of the speech signal as- sociated with stance-taking, create an acoustic model of stance, The ATAROS project aims to identify acoustic signals of and test theories of stance-taking on natural speech. stance-taking in order to inform the development of automatic stance recognition in natural speech. Due to the typically low In automatic recognition research, stance links most closely frequency of stance-taking in existing corpora that have been to sentiment and subjectivity, expressions of a “private state” used to investigate related phenomena such as subjectivity, we [5], an internal mental or emotional state. Research on sen- are creating an audio corpus of unscripted conversations be- timent and subjectivity analysis has exploded since the publi- tween dyads as they complete collaborative tasks designed to cation of foundational work such as [6, 7]. The majority of elicit a high density of stance-taking at increasing levels of in- this work has focused on textual materials with accompany- volvement. To validate our experimental design and provide a ing annotated corpora, such as those described in [7, 8, 6] and preliminary assessment of the corpus, we examine a fully tran- many others. Such text-based approaches to subjectivity recog- scribed and time-aligned portion to compare the speaking styles nition primarily exploit lexical and syntactic evidence, relying in two tasks, one expected to elicit low involvement and weak on long, well-formed sentences and clauses for identification of stances, the other high involvement and strong stances.
    [Show full text]
  • A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS of RURAL COLORADO ENGLISH By
    A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RURAL COLORADO ENGLISH by LAMONT D. ANTIEAU (Under the Direction of William A. Kretzschmar, Jr.) ABSTRACT This dissertation describes a study in linguistic geography conducted in Colorado using the methodology of the Linguistic Atlas of the Western States. As such, the goals of this dissertation are threefold: 1) to provide a description of Colorado English with respect to select lexical, phonetic, and syntactic features; 2) to compare the results of work in Colorado with previous work conducted in the eastern states as well as in Colorado and other western states; and 3) to use inferential statistics to show correlation between the distribution of specific linguistic variants and the social characteristics of those informants who use these variants. The major findings of this study include the observation that linguistic variants are distributed according to a power law, that numerous variants have statistically significant social correlates at all levels of the grammar, and that the relative effect of social variables differ at each linguistic level. INDEX WORDS: Linguistic Geography, Dialectology, Sociolinguistics, Language Variation, American English, Western American English, Colorado English, Rural Speech, Kruskal-Wallis A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RURAL COLORADO ENGLISH by LAMONT D. ANTIEAU BA, Eastern Michigan University, 1996 MA, Eastern Michigan University, 1998 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Lamont D. Antieau All Rights Reserved A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RURAL COLORADO ENGLISH by LAMONT D. ANTIEAU Major Professor: William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. Committee: Marlyse Baptista Lee Pederson Diane Ranson Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2006 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the good people of Colorado who welcomed me into their homes and into their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday Morning, 30 November 2016 Lehua, 8:00 A.M
    WEDNESDAY MORNING, 30 NOVEMBER 2016 LEHUA, 8:00 A.M. TO 9:05 A.M. Session 3aAAa Architectural Acoustics and Speech Communication: At the Intersection of Speech and Architecture II Kenneth W. Good, Cochair Armstrong, 2500 Columbia Ave., Lancaster, PA 17601 Takashi Yamakawa, Cochair Yamaha Corporation, 10-1 Nakazawa-cho, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 430-8650, Japan Catherine L. Rogers, Cochair Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, USF, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD1017, Tampa, FL 33620 Chair’s Introduction—8:00 Invited Papers 8:05 3aAAa1. Vocal effort and fatigue in virtual room acoustics. Pasquale Bottalico, Lady C. Cantor Cutiva, and Eric J. Hunter (Commu- nicative Sci. and Disord., Michigan State Univ., 1026 Red Cedar Rd., Lansing, MI 48910, [email protected]) Vocal effort is a physiological entity that accounts for changes in voice production as vocal loading increases, which can be quanti- fied in terms of Sound Pressure Level (SPL). It may have implications on potential vocal fatigue risk factors. This study investigates how vocal effort is affected by room acoustics. The changes in the acoustic conditions were artificially manipulated. Thirty-nine subjects were recorded while reading a text, 15 out of them used a conversational style while 24 were instructed to read as if they were in a class- room full of children. Each subject was asked to read in three different reverberation time RT (0.4 s, 0.8 s, and 1.2 s), in two noise condi- tions (background noise at 25 dBA and Babble noise at 61 dBA), in three different auditory feedback levels (-5 dB, 0 dB, and 5 dB), for a total of 18 tasks per subject presented in a random order.
    [Show full text]
  • Consonantal Variation in Utah English *
    Consonantal Variation in Utah English * Joseph A. Stanley Kyle Vanderniet University of Georgia University of Georgia Abstract In this paper, we analyze the frequency of three consonantal variables in Utah English: the glottal stop in words like mountain, [t]-epenthesis in words with /ls/ clusters like salsa, and word-final velar nasals (NG+). Using Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect audio, we gathered 2,795 tokens of these variables. Though relatively few nonmainstream variants were found in our sample, we find indications of phonetic conditioning and that women and younger speakers used some nonmainstream variants more. Ultimately, further work and a larger dataset is required to more fully describe these variables in Utah English. 1 Introduction Research on and documentation of North American varieties of English is an ongoing effort. The western United States has not been given the same kind of attention as the Eastern part of the country, and only recently has it been the topic of rigorous sociolinguistic study. While the Atlas of North American English (Labov et al. 2006) broadly describes speakers in the western states has having a similar, albeit heterogeneous dialect, more recent and more focused work has uncovered differences between states in the West (Fridland et al. 2016, 2017). In this study we focus on Utah, and because of its heavy Mormon influence in its settlement patterns and present population, we expect to find a combination of linguistic features not found in other states. Like much sociolinguistic work, the research that has been done on Utah English has been primarily focused on vowels, and in particular, vowel mergers.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Vowel Production in Speakers of American English from the State of Utah
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2009-08-06 Patterns of Vowel Production in Speakers of American English from the State of Utah Larkin Hopkins Reeves Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Reeves, Larkin Hopkins, "Patterns of Vowel Production in Speakers of American English from the State of Utah" (2009). Theses and Dissertations. 1886. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1886 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PATTERNS OF VOWEL PRODUCTION IN SPEAKERS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH FROM THE STATE OF UTAH by Larkin Hopkins Reeves A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Communication Disorders Brigham Young University December, 2009 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Larkin Hopkins Reeves This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. Date Shawn L. Nissen, Chair Date Ron W. Channell Date Christopher Dromey BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Larkin Hopkins Reeves in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library.
    [Show full text]
  • Um and Uh, and the Expression of Stance in Conversational Speech
    Um and Uh, and the Expression of Stance in Conversational Speech Esther Le Grézause A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Richard Wright, Chair Nicolas Ballier Gina-Anne Levow Mari Ostendorf Ellen Kaisse Program Authorized to Offer Degree: UW Department of Linguistics ©Copyright 2017 Esther Le Grézause University of Washington Abstract Um and Uh, and the Expression of Stance in Conversational Speech Esther Le Grézause Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Richard Wright Department of Linguistics Um and uh are some of the most frequent items in spoken American and British English (Biber et al., 1999). They have been traditionally treated as disfluencies but recent research has focused on their discursive functions and acoustic properties, and suggest that um and uh are not just filled pauses or random speech errors. At this stage, there is little agreement on whether they should be considered as by-products of the planning process (speech errors) or as pragmatic markers. In addition, most work on um and uh considers them to be the same variable, collapsing both into the same category. The present work investigates the discursive and the acoustic properties of um and uh in spontaneous speech with the aim of finding out if they occur in systematic ways and if they correlate with specific variables. The analysis of um and uh is conducted on two corpora, ATAROS and Switchboard, to determine how the markers are used in different spontaneous speech activities. The Switchboard corpus consists of phone conversations between strangers, which allow us to study how speakers use um and uh in this context.
    [Show full text]
  • Sound Change
    Sound change Andrew Garrett UC Berkeley “[T]he causes of sound change are unknown.” — Leonard Bloomfield, Language (1933:385) 1 Introduction If new words and lexical usages are the most recognizable aspect of language change, the emergence of novel pronunciation patterns and the existence of distinct accents of the same language are also familiar to casual observers.1 Despite its ubiquity, there is no generally accepted definition of sound change. It certainly includes phonologization, whereby an automatic phonetic property evolves into a language-specific phonological one (Jakobson 1931, Hyman 1977, 2012). For some analysts, the phenomenon of sound change also encompasses phonological change with other origins, such as dialect contact, paradigm regularization, or structural simplification. Defining the object of study is important when different definitions lead to different views of its mechanisms and properties. Nonetheless, in what follows I take a pragmatic approach, highlighting some phenomena, questions, and further literature that seem especially interesting at present, and setting others aside. Students entering the field in 2013 will find a different landscape from that of a generation ago. Inquiry into the causes and pathways of sound change has been transformed by the work of five scholars in particular. Three of them, Paul Kiparsky (1988, 1995), William Labov (e.g. 1981, 1994, 2001, 2010), and Björn Lindblom (Lindblom 1990, Lindblom et al. 1995), have proposed influential structural analyses of changes within their sound systems. Two others, Juliette Blevins (e.g. Blevins and Garrett 1998, 2004, Blevins 2004, 2006a) and John Ohala (e.g. 1974, 1981, 1983, 1993), have also emphasized the role of articulatory detail and perceptual processes in determining the course of sound changes.
    [Show full text]
  • ATAROS Technical Report 1: Corpus Collection and Initial Task Validation
    ATAROS Technical Report 1: Corpus collection and initial task validation Valerie Freeman1, Julian Chan1, Gina-Anne Levow1, Richard Wright1, Mari Ostendorf2, Victoria Zayats2, Yi Luan2, Heather Morrison1, Lauren Fox1 Maria Antoniak1, Phoebe Parsons1 1Department of Linguistics 2Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA USA valerief,jchan3,levow,rawright,ostendor,vzayats,luanyi, hmorri83,laurenf7,riamarie,[email protected] This technical report describes the ATAROS (Automatic constrained to fine-grained content analysis, which often re- Tagging and Recognition of Stance) corpus design, collection, lies on subjective interpretation. An exception is the precur- and transcription procedures, as well as current work in sor to the current project [3, 4], which drew on existing frame- progress: stance annotation protocols and task validation works in content analysis to identify areas for phonetic com- measures. Portions of this work were presented at the ASA parison. As some of the first work to focus on acoustic prop- 2014 Spring Meeting and are under review for Interspeech erties of stance-taking, it found that stance-expressing phrases 2014. had faster speaking rates, longer stressed vowels, and more ex- panded vowel spaces when compared to stance-neutral phrases. Such acoustically-measurable properties are the target of inves- Abstract tigation in the ATAROS (Automatic Tagging and Recognition The ATAROS project aims to identify acoustic signals of of Stance) project. stance-taking in order to inform the development of automatic stance recognition in natural speech. Due to the typically low frequency of stance-taking in existing corpora that have been In automatic recognition research, stance links most closely used to investigate related phenomena such as subjectivity, we to sentiment and subjectivity, expressions of a “private state” are creating an audio corpus of unscripted conversations be- [5], an internal mental or emotional state.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2014 Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business TERM
    TERM DEFINITION PAGE accent The way in which a speaker of a particular linguistic variety pronounces 17 words and the rules that govern these pronunciations acceptance The sub-process of standardization in which speakers (consciously or 41 subconsciously) agree to use the standard form and view it as prestigious acrolect A language variety used in a contact situation that is most similar to the 287 superstrate language acronyms An abbreviation formed from the initial components of some or all of the 138 words of a phrase, e.g., Absent WithOut Leave = AWOL affixes Morphemes added to the roots of words to create a change in meaning or 68 function, e.g., prefixes and suffixes African American A linguistic variety spoken in the US that developed out of the history, 144 English culture, and experiences of African Americans in North America age-grading The idea that speech correlates to the stage of life that speakers are in, such 128 as adolescence, irrespective of the time period they live in analytic See "isolating" 264 Anglicization The process by which words that English borrows from other languages 81 become more English-like, most often in terms of pronunciation Anglo Saxon The earliest form of the English language, also referred to as Old English, 10 which developed from the varieties of language brought to the British Isles by Germanic tribes that included the Angles, the Saxons, the Frisians, and the Jutes articulatory The study of the physiological processes in the production of speech sounds 4 phonetics aspectual A grammatical form
    [Show full text]
  • Seger Van Der Borght
    'HSDUWHPHQW9HUWDDONXQGH (63(5$172$1',765,9$/5<:,7+(1*/,6+ )257+(7,7/(2),17(51$7,21$//$1*8$*( Seger Van der Borght $IVWXGHHUVFULSWLHLQGH9HUWDDONXQGH 6FULSWLHEHJHOHLGHU3URI'U-RRVW%X\VVFKDHUW Academiejaar 2005-2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS )LUVWRIDOO,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNP\VXSHUYLVRU3URI'U-RRVW%X\VVFKDHUWIRUKLVJXLGDQFH KLVYDOXDEOHVXJJHVWLRQVGXULQJWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIP\GLVVHUWDWLRQDQGIRUDOORZLQJPHWR ORRNLQWRWKLVVXEMHFW ,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRWKDQN6DQQHIRUKHUFRQWLQXRXVVXSSRUWDQGPRWLYDWLRQWKURXJKRXWP\ VWXGLHVDQGWKHPDNLQJRIWKLVGLVVHUWDWLRQ 0\VLQFHUHJUDWLWXGHJRHVRXWWR+XJR5DXRIWKH(VSHUDQWRIRQGVLQ.RUWULMNZLWKRXWZKRP, FRXOGKDYHQHYHUILQLVKHGP\ZRUN+LVHQWKXVLDVPLQVSLUHGPHWRSURFHHG+HVKRZHGPHWKH GLIIHUHQWDVSHFWVRI(VSHUDQWRDQGKHOSHGPHILQGP\ZD\0RVWRIDOO,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN KLPDQGKLVFROOHDJXH-RRVW9DQGHU%DXZKHGHIRUWKHLUWLPHXQFRQGLWLRQDOKHOSDQGIRU UHQGHULQJP\UHVHDUFKPXFKPRUHHIILFLHQW )LQDOO\,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRWKDQNP\SDUHQWVIRUWKHLUPRUDOVXSSRUWWKURXJKRXWP\VWXGLHV DQGIRUJLYLQJPHWKLVRSSRUWXQLW\ 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................5 PREFACE...................................................................................................................................6 Motivation ..............................................................................................................................6 Aim and Method.....................................................................................................................7 1 A GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]