ABSTRACT Objective: Sebaceous cysts are keratin filled cysts that Sebaceous Cyst of the occur in the hair bearing areas of the body like the scalp, face, neck, back and scrotum. They present as an face: A Report of Five asymptomatic swelling. Although these cystic lesions are benign, they need to be treated as soon as possible Cases Treated in A as they cause disfigurement of the face in head and neck region. There are various modalities of treatment of Teaching Hospital in these cysts, the commonest is surgical excision. We report five cases of sebaceous cysts affecting the face North-West, Nigeria which were treated with surgical excision. The objective of the study was to present the clinical features and management of sebaceous cyst of head and neck region. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of cases *Oluleke O. OMISAKIN of sebaceous cyst in the head and neck region treated in [*Dental/Maxillofacial Division, Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, the Maxillofacial unit of Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna.] Kaduna between September, 2014 to June, 2020. Results: Five cases were treated, 3 males and 2 females. The age range was 29 to 49 years. Mean age was 39 years. Four cases had a single lesion each, while one had multiple facial lesions. Conclusion: Sebaceous cysts could cause significant facial disfigurement. Surgical excision is regarded as the Correspondence ideal treatment and is associated with excellent Dr. O. O Omisakin outcome. Dental/Maxillofacial Division Keywords: Sebaceous cyst, epidermoid cyst, face, Department of Surgery cheek. Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna Email: [email protected]
Oluleke O. Omisakin. Received: 2-September-2020 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2059-227X Revision: 20-September-2020 Accepted: 23-September-2020 Citation: Omisakin OO. Sebaceous cyst of the face: A report of five cases treated in a teaching hospital in North-west, Nigeria. Nig J Dent Res 2021; 6(1):26-29.
INTRODUCTION slowly, so the trauma may have occurred weeks or Sebaceous cysts are keratin-filled epithelial lined months before the cyst is noticed. Other causes of a cysts and are formed out of sebaceous gland.1 The sebaceous cyst may include: misshapen or deformed sebaceous gland produces the oil (called sebum) that duct; damage to the cells during a surgery; genetic coats the hair and skin.1 They are subcutaneous cyst conditions such as Gardner’s syndrome or Basal cell occurring due to obstruction of pilosebaceous ductal nervous syndrome.3 opening.2 Sebaceous cyst are asymptomatic, soft, Clinically, a sebaceous cyst has a punctum. Punctum cystic and fluctuant in consistency unless infected. is a black coloured (necrosed) part of the skin over the They commonly occur in hair-bearing areas like the swelling which is attached to the underlying cyst.2 scalp, face, neck, back and scrotum.3 They usually vary in size from few millimeters (mm) Trauma has been implicated in the aetiology of the to several centimeters (cm) in diameter; and usually cyst. This may be a scratch, a surgical wound, or a dome shaped and contain thick, greasy, cheese like skin condition, such as acne. Sebaceous cysts grow substance.3 They usually occur in singly, and few 26 Nigerian Journal of Dental Research | Volume 6 issue 1
post The sutures. (fig.1b). with layers done. was cyst haemostasis the of excision di careful by and cyst the overlying skin the precau aseptic with procedure: Surgical the of 5. forcase cyst sebaceous cheeksuggesting planes subcutaneous at mm 14 X 36 well echoic a revealed swelling report: Investigation 1: Table Clinic from of folders obtained case The register. operation were and register patients of Records the K at treated region Barau neck Clinic, Maxillofacial and head the in cyst sebaceous of cases of study retrospective a was This METHODS AND MATERIALS Nigeria. Kaduna, Hospital, Teaching Dikko Barau Clinic, Maxillofacial retrospectiv we therefore, it, about literatures scanty are and there lesions skin common skin. not are the cysts on Sebaceous scar no or less means which result, cosmetic best the achieve and reoccurrence prevent g the and cysts, sebaceous for treatment only the is Surgery granules. withkeratohyalin filled ridges. rete lacks it that in differs but epithelium surface the to similar keratin laminated w with located filled cyst lined epithelial Histological examination of sebaceous cysts reveal patient. age middle and adult in common but adolescent, before t Sebaceous Cyst theof face: AReport Fiveof Cases Treated inA 1 Cases 5 4 3 2 imes in multiple. in imes
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research
aduna, aduna, Nigeria from
Summary of the clinical features and surgical management of the cases presented thecases of management surgical and features of theclinical Summary ti te ems Te lini The dermis. the ithin a i t cmltl remov completely to is oal 3 l rvee css treated cases reviewed ely
was achieved, the wound was closed in in closed was wound the achieved, was Cheek Cheek Cheek auricular Post Forehead Site
4 4
A granular layer is present that is is that present is layer granular A
Sebaceous cyst is rarely present rarely is cyst Sebaceous tions, an incision was placed on on placed was incision an tions,
September September 2014 to June, 2020. ne lcl netei and anaesthesia local Under
Ultrasound picture of the the of picture Ultrasound
- Dikko Teaching Hospital, Hospital, Teaching Dikko defin
-
operative period was was period operative ed avascular hypo hypo avascular ed 4
ng of the cyst is is cyst the of ng e the cyst to to cyst the e | Volume issue 6 1 46 29 38 44 43
ssection; ssection; Age
in the the in
After After
ed ed 5,6
M F F M M Sex
Forehead non and seen change colour cystic consistency, in soft Cheek: Features Clinical was treatment our were that 6 at reviewed cases of in recurrence no outcome and satisfactory The our all cases. for treatment of modality the was excision table in presented is surgery and features A lesions. facial multiple had one while lesion, single had cases Four years. 39 was age mean years, 49 to 29 was cases the of range age RESULTS 1 year. an features Pati clinical site, the patients were retrieved and analyzed for age, sex, cyst was made. was cyst material, diagnosis features, keratinous the histopathological on Based and (Fig.2). layers laminated layer in arranged granular a with epithelium stratified by lined cyst revealed tissues Report: Histopathology f laboratory the to histopathology. sent were lesions excised satisfactorily. healed wound the and uneventful margins. delineated smooth sessile, bulging, shape, Postauricular 2cmsize. in was Five cases were treated, 3 males and 2 females. The The females. 2 and males 3 treated, were cases Five ents ents were followed up for a period of 6 months to 2years 6months 6months 1year 8months Duration
… h seln ws am non warm, was swelling The
: The cyst was soft, but mobile. The size size The mobile. but soft, was cyst The :
-
: Solitary, well circ well Solitary, : months and 1 and months
Single Single Multiple Single S Number (Fig. 1a) (Fig.
ingle
- tetet received. treatment d year fol year
summary of the clinical the of summary Microscopically, these these Microscopically, umscribed, round in in round umscribed, wlig ih well with swelling Excision Excision Excision Excision Excision Treatment low up. low - - tender of sebaceous sebaceous of pulsatile.
1. Surgical Surgical 1.
. It was was It .
The The No No or or 27 www.njdres.com
Hereditary Fibromatosis in a Child-A Case …
Fig.1a. A 46-years old patient with sebaceous cyst on the left cheek Fig. 1b. The exposed cyst
Fig. 1c. The excised cyst
28 Nigerian Journal of Dental Research | Volume 6 issue 1
our cases had wide surgical excision except case 3 3 that had case minimum excision because she had multiple except excision surgical wide had cases our later). month a about removed are cyst the of wall outer (the contents its of cyst the drain to hole reoccur; biopsy will cysts the that risk excision removes excision wide conventional been have that treatment of methods various are There hadpunctum. cases punctum. the is this cyst, the overlying skin trans not did and illuminate. There was a fluctuant soft, were cysts The k with filled were cases our All nails. and theskin up makes that element key a also is which keratin, of flakes white with filled typically swelling. own their caused have what remember not could others but face, the area. the to trauma a to due occurs usually This blocked. or damaged becomes surface) skin to flows oil the pass (the duct its or gland sebaceous cheeks. 3 both (case on swellings cases the of one but single multiple. be can cases rare The cyst commonly cause dur occurred which pains of complained can cysts had Large painful. painful. be can and discomfort not typically 6 from obvious cause of growth of the cyst in may these cases presente they dis but threatening, life scrotum. and neck face, the on found mostly are cysts Sebaceous DISCUSSION Fig Sebaceous Cyst theof face: AReport Fiveof Cases Treated inA Nigerian Journal of Dental Research figurement if they grow unchecked. The duration duration The unchecked. grow they if figurement ure 1 ure
a a large single lesion on the left cheek (Fig. 1a) and
3
advocated for sebaceous cyst which include: include: which cyst sebaceous for advocated Case Case 1 in gave a our histor report - excision months to 2 to months d. Histology of sebaceous cyst ofsebaceous d.Histology -
a cyst but can leave a longer scar; scar; longer a leave can but cyst a
which causes minimal scarring but carries a
3 These cysts grow slowly and are not not are and slowly grow cysts These
-
which uses laser to make a small small a make to laser uses which occurs -
years (Table 1). Small cysts are are cysts Small 1). (Table years dark region (necrosed) on the
as a as single swelling, but in Cysts can develop if the the if develop can Cysts 5
Four of our cases were were cases our of Four eratin flakes (Fig. 1b). 1b). (Fig. flakes eratin Seba - 4
Case 4 in our report report our in 4 Case which completely completely which laser with punch punch with laser ceous cysts are are cysts ceous age from which which from age had )
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d ranged multiple multiple minimal minimal 6 All our our All 5,6
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Financial Support Financial outcome. excellent gives cyst of the excision Surgical lesions. multiple large or very are whenthey disfigurement facial obvious except discomfort less Sebaceous cysts are slow growing lesions, and causes CONCLUSI abscess. and carbuncle lipoma,furuncle, diag . heavyscar to undergo can the which dermis is difficult retrieve, to and may lead and consistency rupture spontaneous in firm painful, discharge pus and pain redness, include: infected is cyst the that Signs cases. reviewed our in recorded excised. being recur after for tendency is there centimeters, five l 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. N of Conflict Nil None of our cases was infected. The differential differential The infected. was cases our of None REFERENCES esions. When the diameter of the cyst is larger than larger is cyst the of diameter the When esions. onedeclared
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