CONTRIBl"T10NS FROM TII£ BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY or THE BUREAU OF FISIIERIES AT WOODS HOLE, MASS.
THE j!IEDUS ..E OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION.
13y CI1ANLES vv, I-IA H CHTT, Prokssor of7oo1oK,J'. Svracuse {/lli7'ersity.
21 CONTRIBUTIONS FRO&{ THE BIOLOGICAl. LABORATORY OF TilE HUREAL OF FlsHElm:S AT WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSliTI'S,
THE jIEDUS.E 01; THE WOO])S HOLE REGION.
By CHARLES W. HARGITT, ProkHor (~/ X,)O!O(;y, ,))'1'<101.1'" Cni"a:,itv.
INTRODUCTION. The present report f'onns one of' a ser-ies projected hy the director of the biological laboratory of the United States Bun~au of' Fbheric:--, the prirnarv oh,it'd lwill!! to aflord such a biological survey of the region as will bring' within l~a"y I'('lwh of students and working naturalist" a synopsis of tlw eharaeter and distribution of its fauna. The work which forms the basis of this pap.,!, was cluTied on during- t/;p summers of'HHII and l!102, including' also a brief ('olleeting recllllllais"alH'C during the early ,"'pring of' the latter year, thus l'nabling me to eomp!l'b' :l recor-d (If observations upon the medusoid fauna during' pvcry month of t.ho yl'i:lJ', with daily record" dUJ'ing most of the time. FOI' part" of th(',,(' l'l'l'ol'd,s during' lut.- fall aud winterI all! chiefly indebted to 1\11'. Viuul X. Edwanl", which it i,; a ph'aKlIl'p hl'I'P!ly to acknowledge, It is also a pleasure toacknowll'dge tlH' eordiaI1'oolH'l'atioll of' the Commissioner, Hon. Geol'g!'M. BOWf'I',~, and oj' Dr. H.:\t. Smith, dirl'l'!ol' of' th.' laboratory in lHOI andUI02. ¥o"t of' the drawing" have beell mad!' dir('l'tly from life II,\' th« writcr 01' IIIHlPr his personal direction, A few of those occurring ill tllf\ text have hpf'1I "opiH! 1'1'0111 various sources, due credit for tlw"e having I!pi'll girl'lI ill l'vl'ry '-111"1', ';0 far a,; know n. Since the publication of' "North Atuerieau A,-all'pha>" b.v A kx1tnd,'1' Agnssiz ill IH6;) no connected and systeruati« acr-ount of the llledu,;oid f:lIlua of the north eastern .Atlantic eoast has been undertaken. Various reports df'alin,l~' only inci dentally with this phase of the subject hare heNl made from tiIlW 10 till/(' hy Prof. A. E. Verrill, notable among these being that known [1'-; "The Invertebrate Fauna of VineyardSound," ill the Report of the United SbtlPs Fish Connnissiou for 1~7J; and a number of papet·s by .r. Walter Fewkes hnv« appeared in issul's 01' till' Bulletin of the Museum of' Comparative Zoology, des('1'ibing' new speci,-s lind incidentally giying some account of tbeir morphology. More reeent contl·j butions are several articles by Mr. A. G. Mayer, in conjunction with :\1r. A. Agassiz. dealing with various aspects of the subject, though not limited especially to tbis J'('giofl--' indeed, only touching it in a very general way. " 24 BUU,]'TIN OJ<' TR}; }H'Rl';AP OF FlSllERIES.
'While by reason of the IlPculiur interrelations of hydroids and mednsre the present puper may here lind there touch to a limited extent It phase of the subject included ill NHttiug'" s , Hydroids of the Woods Hole regi'Hl," it will not materially duplicate that work, but rather supplement and extend it. the two parts forming a fairly complete summary of the entire phylum, Hie Anthozoa alone excepted. The present paper will also include something in the nature of It synopsis of the develop mont ofrepre"elltatiH~fOI'lII-". together witl; data 118 to habitat, seasonal variations, etc, TIIP region covered will he about that already outlined by Nutting, namely within the Jilllibi of a single da,v'.'< cruise from the Fisheries Station: for example, Cape Cod andNantucket on the east, the Gulf Stream on the south, and Narragansett Bay or LOHg' Islnnd Sound on the west. The order of presentation will follow substantially that adopted by the present writer in tlH'. "Synopsis of the HydroTll('dusm, " recently published in the Auierieau Naturalist. which follows in general order and nomeuclature Haeekers "Sy.stem del' Medn"t'n,-, though without adlwnmec to that or any special authority, \.'XCI.'pt as noted ill the body of the pappI'. Whil« deploring the more 01' less chaotic condition of existing "ystems of taxonomy in relation to coelenterates. it has Hot seemed expedient to propo,.,e lmy rad ical \.'hange" at present, even if data we\'(' availuble for such all ullclertaldng, A }lrel'ptluisite thereto, and one Opt'll to students of the group enwywfwre,is the critlcul study of ontogeny, C nfortunatoly. thi,.,has not only heen lH'gleetpd ill too many ea"es, hut the tpndpney to devote :lttNltioll to a "iug-Ie phase of the subject, for example. the 1'/llb'uid, or 011 the ot her hand the IlIedu8fl, 113". perhaps indi I·eetly. cu ltivated the neg'led. It if' gTPatly VJ be desired that in t.he future 1PI','" emphasis lIe placed upon elaborate 1l1001OgJ'Hph" of "GYllIllohla,.,tic Hvdroids' or ., S.I'st'·!Il del' M"dusell," valuable it,,, tlwse have been. and more llpon llIoIlOgmph,., of l1yd romodusa-. or, in other word". 1II0nographie details of the (JIItogPIlY of species, const.iturion of g'I'IIl'ra, families, and orders, ine!wling also el'itieal data as to the YHril,tllll'fh'et.:-: of cuviromucut, nutrition, de Such 1ll11llogntph,., would afford final data from which it ('om.i,.,tellt and sciontitic taxouomv.- rnisrhtM 1)(' ..stablished. Excppt in .so far a,., 11l'I'PS"ar,Y in ordor to ohviut« amhiguity. little effort hn- heen dpyotl'd in the pre.-:pnt report to ddail." of sylloll,nll,\'. or to the unravcliujr of «outlicting cluitns of priority. dr,
GENERAL ACCOUNT,
Undor the g'PJlCl1tl title of "J\lerLusa'" ,tre included animals of a remarkable range of siz«, habits, disti-ibntion, and life history. In "he they ntr,v from less than a millimeter in dianwter in the ndult condition, it" in many of the Hydromedusre. lip to I'lIOI'mOIlS specimens of Scyplromedusn-, more than :2 meters in diameter and with tentaoles more than 80 mete)'s in length. One of tlw int,('l'esting anomalies associated with some of these uniuiul«: is that uotwithstanding their lal'ge size, no less than nH per cent of the entire mass is com posed of water, :-:0 that a specimen exposed upon a clean surfaoe to the de,~iccating influence of sun and air would, after a few hours, leave hardly sutlicient. organic matter to identify the place. Such heing the case it mig'ht not. he a .wholly.nuwar runted paradox to elt·tine a IHcdusa as organized and animated sea water, In hsbitrmost medusee are marine, though a few are known tooccur in fresh MEDUS.£ OF WOODS ROLl'; RIWION. 25 waters of inland lakes, Mo.-:t are free Hwimming at SOIlW time during' their lift' history, yet not a few aIllong both Hydromedusa- lind S('~"phOllledll";R' are p,,1' manently sedentary, SOllW as degeneratf' 8pOrOSI1<''', others :1S polyp-like forms such as the Lucernm-idre. In distribution they l'1tng(~ from a littoral to ll. pelagic life and from the surface to ~dl~-s:-;al depths. Under the head of Medusee is also usually included a group of animals of similar form and habib, though of somewhat doubtful structural atliu itie», numely, the ctenophores or ,. comb, jellies." Whil« admitting !i reasonable doubt us to their 1rue morphological relations, the ctenophore" nUlY "till he most couveniently lecogni%pd as a distinct class of nredusas and included within the present svnopsix, BmwI' species indigenolls to this region will be noted and briefly described. Concerning the ceonomic relations of medusa- vory little is known, That tbey sustain intimate gt'neral relations to the vuried forms of marine lift' can hardly III' doubted. Their vast. numbers, wide distrihut.ion, and HUI!'(' 01' les" lll'ti\'(' life haliit« 11[1 support. the gelwml inferenCE'. The wcll-kuown ('lises of conuuensa.lism exil'.tillg between tuedusn- [wd sevei-al species of tishes which follow them at times with more or less lwrsistell(:e, often taking refugr- in the frill" of the pendulous lobes of S"y!lho medusa-, and l'('Mistillg effort,; to ,o;eparate them, still further "ugge"t tile probabilitv. Some fishes a re said to feed upou the oral tentacles and lila rgi us, as well as tiH' larger tentacles of the umbrella, which they tear otl' at times with great vigor. Oft('n. however, the ruedusre reverse the operation and devour the fishes. 11 d()(,,, not ,"e('11I likply that lllpdui-ill' ..an afford any large IlWUS1l1'P of food for ti"IH',~ in gel1l'rnl. but .~f'vel'aJ ,"pc('ies of fish are knowu 10 fepd upon thew at times with great avidity. The horned dog,·tish,"·'jua],I,' '!l:imthiIl8, when tired arriving at Wood« Hol« HI the ,~pl'ing migration, in May, i-, said to feed Iarg'ely Oil «tenophores. (IL:\1. Smith.) TIlt' sUIl·tish,Jfohr mota, and also the file-fish, Alute,« .,doc);!ii, ban' been found by :\11'. Vinal gdwards to have fed entirely on ctenophores and ruedusn-. A" a special caso of mutualism between ji:;flf'S and medusm ruay he mentioned that of the young of the butter-fish, It/wlIIlill8 fn'ac!fI,f11ll8, found with lJadylol!,rtl'(f ij!lilHj!lI'£JIrJ'fi. Whether this particular «ase is of more than temporary nature may be doubtful. :--lo far a" J am aware it is chiefly, if not wholly, limitod j" the periorl of the young' fish, Another case of similar ('haml'tpl' i:-, that of the Portug'lH~"!~ man of-war. Pl',lI8a1;'1 iN!lIfticlt, \vi th its eornmen-nl. the Pol'tug'uese mun-of-war Iish, }'{omclt:' :l1'UMfU'"i. In 1I ~ing'le excursion ill !...,H± tJH" ['nited Stat.,:-; Fish Corn mission collected 21 specimens of this fish, averaging' II inehe" ill length, all of which were found associated with I'h!l,<,t!i'l. A, dozen sppeiInens of J'OImug have hePIl found under a "ingle l'h/lMtlia. (II.:l\J. Smith.] \"hile the importance of medusre as food 1'01' fishes may as yet hI' all oywn question. there elm be no doubt, Oil the other hand, that fish. especially the hy, are un important article of food to many medusa'. Enm small Hydromedusa-, ,sueb ttl; UO!r/ulk)/l1/8, gorge themselve» with fry frequently too largp to he entirely swallowed, and large medusa:', like (l/Iuwlt and Aw'dill, are often found with their stomachs filled with fish of considerable size, some of which an' often ill a partially digested condition. ' It is not rare to observe the capture of minnows hy Ilwdu.'if\:' in the aquarium. In general, however, 1'0 far as my own observations go, the prin cipal food source of the smaller ruodusre is copopods, and since eopepod,,; abo fUl'lli:-;b BULLETIN OF THE BlJRIUU O~' FISHERIES.
animportant part of the food of fish fry, the relations-of fioh and medusa; in certain eases may he due to the relation of both to a common source of food. .In thi~ couneetion may he noted another feature of 'medusoid life, namely, suscep tibility to certain parasites. 'Yhen working' upon the regeneration of medusee, I found several species of Protozoa. ve rv dosdy associated with them and, under the limitatlons of the aquaria, often ex{,eedingly troublesom«, seriously interfering with the pl'ogrp,.;s of till' experiments. This snggesh~d the vrohability of a parasitic relation. I hn.ve also found several species of Hydromedusse infested with a minute nematode, a species of 1;;'~t(iJlnrm, whieh in manj: ClhWH was HO abundant as to per meate almost every part of tire medusa, Thc parasitism of it small uetinian, a species of f(dll'opd,,/a, on jJfHemiop'~1:8 7eidyi, i,,,; well known, though the entire history of the CIViC is not yet fuJIy determined. The irr'pgular and apparently, capr-icious occurrence and distribution of medusa> has long' been known hut little understood, That, many have a seasonal period there can hardly be reasonable douht. Such fOJ' example is true of Jlyhocodoll, Sarsi«, Timlf, Pennaric; etc., among Hydromedusre, and ]Jacty7miietl'a, C'!lanea, and to a less extent ",iurd/a, among Scyphomedusre. Further consideration will be given to this in connection with the subsequent descriptions. AgasHiz has called attention to the gn·garious habit noted among many medusre at certain times and places (cf. Catalogue of North American Acalephre, pp. 42, 4li), and has sought to explain tbe phenomenon as due to brepding conditions. This seems to me a somewhat gratuitous assumption, as facts do not confirm it so faras my observations have gone. As I have elsewhere .'iu!{gested, it seems much more probable that these aggregations may he quite as easily accounted for by the influenre of prenliling winds, tides. ete. At no time have I seen {llUilNl in greater numbers than ill April, when til!' spNimens were very small. Irardly more than 2 to g inches in diameter, and sexually immature, A (·hange in the direction of wind or tide would disperse them llgain within a dllY's time so that only by careful search could an isolated spneimen here and there be noted. This is true likewise of many Hydro medusa-, which may oftl'noceur in large numbers for a day or two and then as suddenly disappear. The o('el11"1'PI1('e of some other species, however, is less easily explained. For example, RItC[IIIil/todc8 teill!18 and Stl!llJ'oplwf'(( 7aetlllata I Irave taken hnt twice at this station in ten years. Both of these being of littoral habitat their appearance could hardly be accouuted for lIy u heavy wind from the direction of the open sea, as may he the case with pelagic forms like l'rw.'/,ynema or Plly.wdl'a. \V'llen we know more definitely nil' details of the life history of such forms, light will undoubtedly be thrown upon this it:-> well as many other more or less obscure phenomena concerning theru, A feature more or less similar to those just discussed is the apparently nocturnal habitsof not a few medusa'. 'Whether the occurrence at the surface during tbe early l~verling or night can be said to constitute a definitely nocturnal habit may be all open question, but certain it is that there is hero a fairly well-defined responsive ness to light and darkness. This has been experimentally demonstrated in several well-known eases-v-for example, {tollioneJlIIM, Pennaria; etc., where advantage has been taken of it to secure the discharge of ova at times other than those normal to the spet:ies. 1\lay thN'e not be here also an explanation of a fact that has heen often ~~J;)Dl'S1E OF WOODS HOLE REGION. 27
observed-cnamely, that cloudy 01' foggy day" an' freqnentl,: better time" for collect ing from the surface than bright, clenr wr-ath..rf If, howen'J'.such a uocturual, 01' neg~.tiveJJ heliotropic.hahit exi:4,we must seek tbt' "eat of respon"e in ditfen'lIt Ol'g'l1fJS. If we may allow that sen:'OI;V bulbs are present in ()(}nif)liemJl,~and are visual, we shall he confronted 'with It variation of the problem in Pennari«, whichis wholly devoid of such organ..., and without sign of ocellar bodies. It should Ill' noted j n this connection that experiments on Penuaria as to the dreds of darkness were entirely negati\'e ill results: at the same time no medusa known to me i,; more apparently responsive to twilight conditions in its liberation from the hydroid, and in the prompt discharge of it" sexual products immediately after. Lhave el,,,;('wllen' pointed out that I'OIi/ffl'iil shows certain aspects of dpgenemtion, and among: them the visual organ IUlLy have heell involved. If such has heen the {'ast" the proel\"" must han'. beou a gTaclmd one, during which the visual function lIlay have become more or le,;s genemlizt'd and distrihuted over the entire nervous orjranizatiou, 01' to geuemlized scnsory eelL..; similar to those of many other well-known animal". as the earthworm. for instance. 'I'he brilliant coloration of 'many mcdusse is too well known to naturalists to Heed particular ornphusis, and to tlw general reader it will "ullice to I'l'ff'l' to 1he accoru pan,dng plates, from some of which a hetter idea may he obtained than would Il(' gi\'f'n hy means of verbal descr-iption. Like several of the problems already raised, that of color i" noteworthv, if not indeed among the most difficult assoeiatf'd with medusoid morphology, in connection with which it has usually hccu eon"idel'ed. As will he S0en from the following discussion, there j,.; good reason to believe that tlil\ most hopeful outlook for its solution lie:" along' the line of physiology rather than morphology, As' already pointed out, many medusa: are apparently clevoirl of visual organ", and this fact alone would seem to preclude the usual explanation of coloration as found allJong animals possessing eye" of any marked acuteness. Again, it has heen •pointed out that many medusre IU'e of ahvssnl habit, where solar light iN uhnost if not wholly absent, and where in creatures with 01' without eyps color as a phy"j('al fmLtUl'e must nel'es"arily he of minimum value. MallY naturalists han' speculated upon these phenomena, and vurious theories hare been proposed by HJelm" of which it was sought to hring them into some sort of harmony with 011 I' ordinary conceptions of color lli" ~t factor in adaptation and natural selection. It has been "llggf'.... ted that the absence of solar light at great depth" i., measurably compensated for ill the lll'ei" ence of phosphorescenc«, a property known to lie possessed hy not a fcw abyssal animals, and that this i,., adequate for the recognition of colors, or to render colon, variously protective. \Vhile these views are interesting and somewhat suggestive, they seem to me to fall far short of affording even an approximation toward anything like a solution of the simplest aspects of tbe problem involved, That phosphorescenee lllay afford some small measure of illumination when possessed h,y segregatl'd gronp" of deep sea forms may be true, but not more so than in the case of surface and littoral animals of similar propert.ies, So far a,s I am aware, there has boen little, if any, disposition to interpret phosphorescence muong' the latter fLSSel'ving any such function; and while this alone may not disprove for it a function very different. under the very 28 BULLETIN OIt' THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. diff~renf condition of deep-sea Jife~ the burden of proof rests upon those who make the claim. Wh(~ther available or not for animals with functional visual organs, however, it faih, to touch the problemamong creatures which, like many of the medusse, .are wholly devoid of sueh organs; but interesting as might be further dis cussion, thepresent is not the most appropriate place for the treatment of this and relatedpl'Obleru8, nor is their morphologiea] aspect likely to afford more than mere plausibility. A'S suggest·ed in a previous paragraph, it seems to me to be a physiological rather than !1 morphological question. This phase has been discussed by me elsewhere (d. Science, .lau, 22, lSl(4), and the briefest summary is all that ('IUl be attempted here. It was long ago pointed out by Darwin himself that color among lower forms could not have any value us a factor in natural selection; it was considered as an expression of the "chemieal natureor minute structure of their.tissues," and \VaUiwP regarded color as "a normal produd, of organization" among such creatures. It has more recently been determined that among annelids, mollusks, and, indeed, among certain insects, coloration often results from the purely physiological proeeos,'lcs of excretion, and J have shown that the same is probably true concerning the coloration of medusa; and other coeleuterates. Morgan and Stevens have demonstrated that among hydroids during regencmt ive processes pigmentary matters, which were first thought to have an important function, were in reality waste product'> in process of elimination, The marked changes of coloration often observed in these (lj'ganisfll,..; nnder artificial environment have been shown to he associated 'with ehanged conditions of nutritive metabolism in some instances, while in others light. has been found to he animpor-tsnt factor, Similarobservations and couclusions arc not lacking concerning coloration among eehinOderms, crustacea, and llllUly other gronps. 'lnUlOut seeking to discredit the value of color as a facto]' in adaptation among some of the highly ''''pecializedgrollp.<.;, 1 can 1I0t repress the conviction that its importance in this respect has been greatly overestiumted. SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS,
The meduR:"B comprise three fairly well differentiated classes, known as Hydromerlusn-, Reypho medflR:'" and Ctenophora, and distinguishable by the following diagnostic characters. 1. I{YDHOM EDCBJE.-])eJillite velum, gonada usually ectodermal and develcped npon the walls of the manubrium or beneath the radial cauals; sensory organs in the form of oeelli 01' otocysts, never IDodiJle,l tellblf'le,s. Polyp stage usually present, but devoid. (If l,.'1lStri., filaments or ridges, and producing medusa- or sporosaes by a process of budding. IJ,.'3C'tTHOMEIHJRA';,-lxJYoid of true velum: gonads always entodermal, and horne within the gastric pouches; sensory organs when present art) usually cntodermal anti are perhaps uuodifled tentacles. Polyp stage when present possessed of distinct gastt'icl'idges and often filaments, and multiplying or metamorphosing by transverse fission to form the larvalmedusa. III. CTENOPHOliA.-Devoid of nematocysts, locomotion by means of vibratile plares.iwhich art> arranged in eight. meridional row". Tentae1e>< when present only two in number, adradially placed onopposite si.leH of the body. THE HYDROMEDUS.lE.
TheIIyd.rollwdu~econrprise some five fairly distinct orders: L ANTlImfEl>L;K~~.-A more or less hemispheriealunrbrella, sometimes ovoid orconiealjvelnn, usuallywel! developed, affording an effectual swimming organ,becau8e of which thl';se medugre are :1tUWUS£ OF· WOODS ROLl<; HEGIOti". ..It-nl.•
characterized hy an active habit and 'luid:dwmm~1ll0"ellllmti; lacking in Ill/tll," pf til{' other nl'dt'r~, Sensory organs when present are on the ha.~C8 of the tontark-s a" l'iguwut,,,.l, o,'cllale structures, proh ably visual in Junction. Otucysts an' entirely meking in this..order, T'he radial canals aI'" URUtllJ~' fOlll' in numher,rarely six or eight, Gonads are .leveloped and borne on the walls-of the manubrium. rarely extending somewhat Up"ll trw proximal portions of the radial 1~·UlRls.-N"m(JJ'Ri.1', U. LEPTCHIEDFS.t:.-CompRred with the Anthnmedusse the umbrella of medusa' of this order is usually fiat and disk-like; velum smaller and more delieate. at timeR dillienlt to distinguish, so that in many of the species motion is somewhat sluggish, beiug' produced asmuch through the general eont.raction of the umbrella as by the velum, Sensory organ>', when present, are nsuallv otoeys!,;, rarely oeel li, more rarely both, or both may be lacking. OWI'Yil!.S areusually borne bctweeu the blIS('" of tentacles, sometimes npon the inner side of their bases, and are prohahly equilibriurn organs rather than visual. Gonads are borne along the line of the radial canals, rarely extending to tlJl' manubrium and upon its sides.-Tinw, Nem(ipsi.~. HI. Trucf!oMEOl's.cK-l'sually devoid of a polyp stage, tbongh th« n-cent determination of this in UuniOnemH", by Perkins, suggests the pos",ibility of its occurrence in others. S..nsory orgall S, when present, are otocyst», entodermal in their origin, ocelli usually lacking. (((mads horne upon the suhmnbrellur surfaee of the radial canals, often throughout their entire Iength. Umbrella usuallv hernispherical or hell-shaped; marginal tentadcs usually nruuerous. 'lV. NAllCOMEIWS3·:.-Solll('what rlattish, or disk-shaped urnhrulla, with 1"tJtael"8 sd. ill sockr-t-Iik« reel'plaeles high on t.lu- exurnbrellar surface: radial canals usually in the f'mn of ftllt, l'0udl-lik,' diverticula of the storuach. Y. Rn'l!0NoPHOlu.-Comprising frep-swimming lmlymorphie ('olonieR, which an' prO,llle(~1 by llllrlding from a medusoid individual. n,'nads l'ro.lueed ill speelaliz",l mpdl1s"i,1 l-'flllOphOl"'S which st'1,lom hl."·OllLt' fn'., from the colonv. The. Riphonophora am «haracrerize.l hy lUI extn'n,,' ,\,'grpe of specialization found nowhere 1·18e lllllO!lg the e,denterate~, so great indeed as to leave 80llW doubt as to the homologies of some of the individuals.
ANTHOMEDUSlE.
('()J)ONIlD.+:.-J\lanuhriulllcylilHlricul; month simple, devoid of lohes or tentar-k-s: g,oJlad~ horne on the manubrium, hut not radially divided; radial canals four, narrow; marginal jf'ntar'll'8 Iour, unbranched. TIARIILF:.-Malll1brimn quadrangular; mouth with four lobes, simple or fimln-iated ; gOlJads four or (,ltdll, radially disposed npo!l the manubrinm: radial canals foUf, rather wid.. ; marginal tentad'>s unbranched. 1\Lwla:UD.K-}Jallubriulll quadrangular, mouth usually simple or with four plain lip-like Johe8, and with fonr or more simpl« or branched oral tentacles; gonads four or t'ight, borne on the manubrium; radial canals four, nsually narrow; marginal tentacles unbranched. CL\\)O~E~lnu,.-Manubrium nS\11111y q\mdrangular, mout.h mrdy sillll,'e, usnully prod;!,,;! with oral lobes or tentacles; radial canal- narrow: marginal tentaeles variously feathered or hrUlIdwd.
Family [OIH)\, 1lJ)..t~.
KEY TO. THE (;E:;';l~RA.
A. With two or Iour marginal tentacles, equallv d-vn·lnp-cd. 1. Teutuclr-s nndrnanuurium inn~, the InUPTP:xh·m11ilg flU beyr.nti. __thl' vt'lum~ hen hemi~pherkai... _J~rmrul1rHr 2. Tentacles 'ruther short and stout, r-apitnto (·nil~. manubrium wtth (llh- or more enu:iOtrkrktHl"" !'"IJmNhut);-1 extending ~hghtl yheyo-nd the Yf']Uln ~ hel i Ohl'll-eonlenL.- "'. . _.~+...... Oiplln"n(l o. Tot'rHm~le" as in lH·(·N~dil1g. but dRY~1-(" and with it dj~tin~.-t f.ing- of ll(~nliH()('y~t!" between IJw bn~-t' and ('lu-h-!rk(;~,-~n(l~; h,Al ra.Lhe-r high and- with rOHluled proj-t'('liOll __. ~ .• >. L·"«.. • ••• lUi-mri'U/( 4. 1'euta{'lei'i el~),.sr-lv poilediu swtmmtng: LH'H high !t1H1 with .-.~iJ;htrcH\"i' of rli'lJH1-ltWysts... . . D'/(;lj!t'ul'u ;1. T{·.ittiic-1t\~ only 'two n:t liberation.•four ill oI1HnrH.r: bdl- or;l} or hemibl1ht'rknl, it~ i"llriaf'(' th.ti(·ti with
ncmalm·ystR· . ~ .. ~. _ ,' ._M'._.. ".. _~_ .• ~ ~"' .~. _ _ __ .A ••• __ •••• ~, ••••• _.~.. _.' ••• •• JJwtri('hJ"!I'~ tl., Tentaelc,"'-fudiuw·n'lfiJ·S: b€ll ('1-{)ngnte, (lYell ~ .. ~ ,~ .. __.. _ _, . _- .]j(Hnrjri.ft 7~ Tentacles ou.!y two; bell hiJ'l:llispl1erieal tludwith rounded a.pical projeetJuH. ~ ~... ~ " . __ . Pcriwmbnll~ 30 nULLETIN 01" THE . BUREAU OIl 1"1SHERIES.
Be Witch 1\ l4irlgllJ consptounus t.enlacle,mlwrgrudimentary or unequally d(.~eIOl}(,q. R; Lnge tentaele stout and subtrtang'ulnr: other three rudimentary; lieU elo!)gat.c oVJLlon'ed>\llgU]srIn
olitUue: manubrtum fbort. and thJt:k . _... 7_ •••••••••• ~ •• ~ ••••• _~ 0 •• •• .-••• _. "00" •• _ ~".' ~ _ •• -••• .- ~- _ •• .- ••:~._ ._~:Et~ithllP,n ~L A -sil-lgle large, lon~ tentat.'ie, two very smR.1L nne rndimentary; belt b~'l1J'i~T.herieal,8li~htlYri:R)·m1Uet~
ti{'l:tf _ ~~._ .• _....•. _ .._. _.•••.. _._ "_~~ _0 •••• ' .0 •• _~ •• _. _._ 0"_ •• ~. _. _ •• __o •• ~. "'."' _0. _; ••• -0 •• -. (!rJr1Jln(1fJ;.1ui, In. A ~lngl(~greil-tJ~i enlarged tenb'l(~l(~,_wtthtlriek b.v.;e. .from \\·bie1)-sec::(tlldHrynlerlu~_~-.aTe IH14d~1:--belJ
evid~tlny a~yrnme,tri'C~1 " " ~ """.. h ._~ _ •••• "." ••• ~ ~ ••••• " ••• 4" ~"" "_ " ••- ••• ~ •• ~~_ HYOoco("IUlj,
SYNCORYNE Ehrenberg (in part, 11'l:H).
Syncoryne mirabills (1" .Aga~5jz). PI. Y, fil!. 1.
,Sa,rs-ifl.. ntlrablUs I-,,~ A,l{a:4~iz, Me-moirn Am{~rj-e.an A(~il(lem.\'; 01 Arts and SdeneeH1 Vol. J\t. l;;;:"4~L p. -2"2-'1. (JiiTifn~~ -mirtfb'ilij; L. AgH~~iz-, Clmtributl.f1n''/ to the Natural Historv of the Lun.ed fl,tll-te~"", Yol. IV, 1.'l,62, pp. 1~\ 3tO, Hlrw'o-rYIN; 1nlrahili,1l ,Alln:uu1, MOnO#"rllph of the -(T~·mnobhl.!4ieHydroids, "lR7l, p. 278. .~-r-fti~1(drabJl-i", Hll('(~kel'-Ryst-em der ~Jcdu~en, 187~1, 1'> 17. Bell subhemispherieal, very transparent, varying frou: () to 1:1 IIUll. in diameter. Tentacle» 4, vcry long and filarnentou», hut capable of j.,"!'f'llt eontraction. Mauubriuiu ]O:lg anrl pendulous, extend ing far beyond Hw velum,lmt highly contractile, often <'!iiIprt within the bell. Mouth simple. Gonads horne on the rnanuhriurn, at. maturity enlarging this organ till it 1iJ1F the hell eavity. A very conunon medusa, f'J,llging in IwaFOll from Fellrnary to May. (}}[,w8.-Bell very transparent, manubrium pale greenish, tentacular bulbs greenish ahout a brownish center, within which is located the black ocellus. Di..triliUNon.-·Faidy common throughout the region; reported by Fewkes as somewhat rare at Newport. Syncoryne reticulata (A. Ai!3-",,,iz).
,"',t!1Hlif':ryonJ'eUrn-l{aUnl A. AKR~~i;';:. in I~; Aga-S',:-;1z, Cot1tribution~ ::\'al"nnll Hj~tnr~' rnitpd Srah''', Vnl.n:-1 },Ii(j2, p. 8-10. Korth Amerit::H.u A(~uh.'ptw;" l:'iG;)~ p, 177. ;"',yU,J'/W!fnt rcticutcu« All m:..n.1fono:;nlph of the Gvnmoblastio Hydroir11"o. 1'"171, p. 2~-:t Sf!lrr]ydyf:rnret'iculaftnn HllCekpl. 8-J~tr~Jn {ler_..\fednsen. 1-H;~)-, II, 21. Medusa very similar to the precPlling, hilt saill to he distinguished in younger stages hy th" .~I'imlly
{.'uryncpfofhH'ta, Haf"l",.dtt.Amcrl-cn.ll ::\;~Lt-uralhl,l., \'n1. XXXVI, 190'2, 1'- :~.,(\.
Bell high h ....nisphertr-al or ovate, ].:1 IlInL in long dianu-ter by 1 1!I1lJ. in short diameter; tentacles 4, rather long IIIIII with prominent basal bulbs, whieh are ora,,!-(e colored with a central hlaek "l'e]lnF. Manubrium long and distinctively sarsian inr-haructer, l'l'njeding far beyon.l the velum, hut capahle of great contraction, its terminal portion bulb-like, baslIlportlon fonning a gaHtric pouch; mouth simple. Gonadsrnedusoid and home ill a wllorJ about the ba-e of the manubrhnn. This is the fir-t member oftho genus from this wgiO!l or from ,\ merican waters known to produce proliferous medusa', as do Forbes's SPl.'{~ieB,_I~·a.n:-i{r. g('nnn~lero. and 8'Jrr{~7(lm~a.. C(}lor8.-liell wry transparent.; manubrium with basal portion orange; terminal hulbF proxim»! light sky-hlue; distal green; tentacle bulbs orange, marginedwith delieategreenish; ocelli black. Di.~trilniU(Jn.-"Asingle ~peeimenblkellat W("Jds Hole.
DIPURENA McCrady (1857).
Dipurenastr . }~iJu('rt'~n«-:oI(Yn)iftH{((!lt ~-[t;,CrfUly,.Ptt'lCeNUngs(;f-the E1lintt Stx·jel~·.oi_Sat{~ral nist~}rr,_'~Ql..:-I:·l&~7_. p_..*~._ L.Aga~ii. "ContIi~ bU!iOH' t'l the ~lllural Hist(;f)' of the United "tate.<, Vol. 1\', ls(;~. p. :!4l.A.,AgaRS]?. NorthAmeriCHP Aealeph,~, l!lfi,), p, Uil. J. W, h""kes, BUlletin or the Museum of {'ompuf'"UYe Zoology, Vol. VIII, 1881.1',105. ';laIJi",ri(t ~"'tn[IltI'lt" Hneekel, l'todronHVl Symemro Me,lu""rum, lS77, :"D, 1-5, [)ipM-rer:t;. slr(mtJt~tatIJ, Hf1.t~k-eJ, SrsteDl der-Mcdllsen~ 18i9,_11, 23, MEDUSlE OI<' WOODS ROLE RltXHON. 31 This medusa was t111't lleseribed byJl,kCrmly fromCharleston Harbor. The only record of it~ subsequent occurrence within that region is that by Fewke« abovecited. For several yean; f han~ taken medusa, it! Woods Hole which differ JUIlo essential resl>PA,t from l\feGMllly's species and whieh I consider identical. Bell subhemispherical to half ovoid, very transparent, with flrmwalts: marginal h!Illadcs 4. stout, mtller stiff, and with {'vident terminal ktlnln<,toa$1 hulb,; promiueut., {'arh with a !'illgle hlack ocellus 011 its outer ('entral surface; manubrium usually long, though highly I'olltraetile and distin guished hy one or more rather sharp consrriotrons.. usually one at the ha..,*' and another about the middle, suggesting the sper-itlo designation. Mouth simple or sli~ht.ly lobed. (,()Iors.-Body of manubrium bright green manrined with red or pink; tentacular bulbs reddish orange, terminal knohs bright reddish, Di.,trioNtion. -Common at 1"oods Hole, rare at Newport (F'ewkl\'). Dipurena conica A.Ag:il!sil.. IJ,jmrf:/Ul '~fif{i('a .A. Ag-a,'·d.z, in 1•..-\~as!'\iz',",Cfmlrn)[ltion~lothe ~utllI'1'tr History of the {-nitea 8te.,k~, Vol. 1'''. 1~-~:!, p. :HI; Nort h Arnertcan Ae.fth-'l)h;J:', 11-':6.1, p. h;;l. S!tU){wr!(J eonic« Hae('k(,i, Prndrnmu..; ;:"~·~tf'lna~ M(.'dn!"urtnfl.~ lJoil"i{, Xo. Hi. ItlPWt'f,?,'fl (,oi,i('f]- He.eckel. Hyf",tmu Ill'.r Mednsf\-H, lk79, I). '.tl. B..~ll coniea\ t.~) hemispherieal, with rather {inn aboral thiekening; nU.lT",!;ina.\ t.<'nladell 4, of san«: character as in l'reeedinl!: "pedes; manubrium indlstingulshable from preeeding; month similar. ~ C()/()rB.~IIHlistingnishablefrom preceding. DiHlril",tiim.-Bllzzards Hay, Vineyard Sound, et<1. :\Iedus<>, answering in every particular to .Agassiz'8 description have been taken «onstantly for wallY years, hut associated with individuals which as dearly eoneSpOll\] with th" pnweding; and, what j,; more significant, these two forms graduato im perceptibly into each other in aII essentials of shnp<." structure, etc. It seems altogether probable, therefore, that we have here silnply 'I varietal I'llI'm, which would hardly justify speciflceeparation, and should probably he included under tl«- aho\'\' species. DIPURELLA HBrgitt (1002). Resembling in some reFIX'ct., thr- pl'ec"ding genns, these luedusa, haw' inarkr-d diffr-rcnces in ..-hape of bell, form of manubrium, and certain aspeds of the tentacles, demanding generic distinction. Dipurella. clavate, Hargitt. PI. l , fig. :1. Bell rather high, subrectangular in profile, with slightapieal projection; sides of hell alnlUststraight, thin, flexible, and capable of marked r-ontractiou both in long awl short diameters. /'induce of the exumbrella dotted rather promisouously with dusters of nnmarocysts. Radial eunals 4, rathor wide and simple. Tentacles 4, unequally developed in the type ~preimeIl. This differeuc« would seem to be dueto immaturity, as is also iudieat,Jfl l,y theexnmbrellar nematocysts. It will he uoh>.] from a comparisonof the figures of this medusa and D.j",r P I1 ECTOPLEURA L. Agassiz (1862). Ectopleura ochracea A. Agar;siz. PI. I I, fig. 1. Rctn]Jlc1lTfI. nchra.l'f(t A. AgaH~iz. iu L. Ag-iL~iz; ContrHmt}ou$ Natural Hi.story Fuited 8tHtt:+", Vol. IV. 1~2. p. Alue.ri(:.fj·n At·,a,lep.ha:, If\65. p, 19J. Haeckel, Sy~tem der }fcdwwn, 1879, p.-2"J. nell elongate ovoid or pyriform, with thick aboral mesoglea.vsides of uniform thickness, exnm· brellar-surface with eigh t meridional bands ofnematocyets uniting at the apex. Radial canals 4, narrow, and eommunieating with a well-defined marginal canal. Tentacles q, usually long and fila mentous.vthough often coiled ami contracted when taken in the tow, Size from 2 to 4 rum, in long diameter, byabout half a8 wide. Manubrium large and flask-shaped. Colr,.r~.-Manuhriumyellowish on base and oral end, the latter often reddish; central portion red dish t.o pink. Tentacular bulbs of similar color; ooelli reddish brown. J)istrilrutiof1.-(jomwon throughout the region in mideurumer. RYDRICHTHYS Fewkes (188~), Hydrichthys mirus P(>\vkt'~. Bell oval or i\1l1lf!1\h('ri{~al, it" outer Rnrfaee d<.,tted here and tfwTl' With elui\tNs of lwmatoey"t". l\la"ginal tentacles I ill adult specimens: only 2 when first liberated; tontacular bulbs reddish in ('OlM, but. devoid of oee1li. Manubrhun cyhndrica], rather :"hort; month "impl,>. O,lorx.-Blllbs of rentacles reddish-brown: manubrium yellowish to orange. Uisl.ril)UJi()n.-~;\ single ret'ord,i- GuJhialJK t.htr(~nll Arr\'~~,T"f(wet"diu~ Boston So{~iety of Natural Hlstorv, Vol. J\~, U\..12, p. Hm. I•. Agtt.'iis:t", Contrbuttous tU the Natum! HiRtOI'y of the United 8tate~, Vol. IV, 1802. p. :H4. Eu,i.'m'!f,u:-dC-!JfUM Leidy, .Marine Invertebrates of New .Iersev and Rhode J!51Ilud. U..r-.r.l, J'. ~, ill J',lir-nal of )..{OAd.any nf Scienee><, Phil,, Bell high, elliptical 01' ovoid in outline; ~iz(' 1.5 HlIn. high hy (l,x mrn. broad. Radial canals -f marked hy line" of reddiRh pil!llwnt on the exumbrellar surface; marginwl tentaclos 4, very rudi mentary. Manubrium spindlu-shaped, about half as long as hell; mout.h rudimentary, probably not hUJetionaL Gonads home on manl1hrium alld filling entire hell cavity at maturity,Sexual pro(lnct~ discharged at once on libr-ration of the medusa from the hydroid-c-indced, often before-in many ca"f'~ the medusa never hecoming free, hot ,lis,~hargillg the egg!'; or sperms and dying upon thebranches. Peunnria sePlll8 to he just on the border line between HI(> fixed and free gonnphnre phases not uncorn mon among tbeTlIbularii,he. I have elsewhere discussed thisfeature of the. 8pecif\~ in more detail. (Cf, American Naturalist, Vol. XXXIV, p. 890, etseq.) Colol'~.-Generalcolor, pale rosypink; manubrium, chocolate-hrown, reddish pigment along-lines of radial canals. Ova vary from creamy white to orange, ])i.~tril!lttion,-Geueralthroughout the region in shallower wafers; less common from deep waters. Oneof rhccommonost of OUl' hydromedusa-, and exhihiting in striking way tho characteristic alter nation ot?-.'t'nel'ltt.ioIl8. As Itl'BviousJy >\1IOWI1 (01'. eit.}, Pcnnori« exhibits interesting seasonal anrl cnviroumentalvarinricns. Specimensuf P. (li/>l)o,~a hom Florida awl Porto Rico, compared with P. tiwl'ell"1 show hardly sllttidl'ntdi:fferelH'l'$ to warrant sp,'cifil' distiuctuess, fl. BiBtgalow, MEDUS..£ OF' WOODS1l0LE REGION. 33 PERIOOJJIJroS Sars (HHQ). Perigonimus joneaii Osborn & Hargitt. Ted cut. l'ITigonim"" jan£ Bell hemispherical, with slight apical projection, about as high as broad, 2 rum, or slig-htly 1M I...'. Marginal tentacles 2, located OIl opposite sides, and with2additiollal tentacular bulbs at the inter mediate points; tentacles highly retractile and often carried coiled within the bell cavity, especially when tue rnednea is disturbed. Velum well developed; manubrium short, 8uh'lulIllratie, and with simple, 4·1obed mouth. Gonads undeveloped in specimens taken, and showing no evidences of growth within a period of more than two weeks, during which they were kept in apparent health in the aquaria. IIahillll.-Found only on the leg'E and abdominaluppendages of the common spider crab, Lilrmin, and taken Irom t.hissouree during several seasons. Di,«trilllJ.lion.-Long: Island Sound, originally taken at Cold Spring Harbor. EUPRYSA Forbes (184,s). Euphysa virgulata A. Agassiz, RuphiJ.'l(-l l'i-r,rprla/n ...\.. Agas,"tiz. North American Aealpphre, ltit}.), p. ]oS~i. Haoekcl, R,\~:"l*:m der )Ierlu~("n. 1879, p. ;J,'). Bell somewhat elongate oval or subrectangular in profUe; tentacles 4, hut unequally developed, one being much longer and heavie-r than the others:hasal bulbs pinkish and extending upward along the radial canale for a short distance; manubrium short and thick, cylindrical. and with an aeeumulation of' Iat-Iike glohule;; about itB hase; month simple; wmal!!'. horn.. upon tile mauubrhnn. In Bir.e the medusa is from II to 10 mill. in long diameter, slightly less in breadth. C-r,h,I"".-Bases of tpntaeles with hrigbt pignwllt, ext('w!ing up t.he radial canals; ruauubriuu, yd· lowish; 1;(>11 transparent. j)~~lrilmti{)n.-Nahant,AJaH,~achllfldtH Bay, WOOlls Hole, RYBC)CODONL. Agassiz (Il'(2). Hybocodon prolifer L Aga8.~iz. PI. JI, iig. 2. Ilf/ilfJC,:ldu;; p-rol((tT L. .·\gu ....:.;ft:. COJ1lrihnti-oll~ to tJw Nntnnd Hisjor:'r~ of HH' rull.-ed SiHtes, -l~;:L v.ol. J V·, p. '2:4;), A. A.J!f.tf...... ;,;;i7:. 'Korth.Am.erh:i.l.H A-ea.lepha.:'.]~-j)-.l'~ i'.t_~" Allman, Monogra-ph-of tb{~GYJmu)tllu-!"t.ie}}ydroich, 1~71, p. il~:.!. llut'f'kel, svstenr der Meduseu, l~.7-fJ;p. ::Ct Hell subhernispherical, unsynunerrical, 1wing' humped upon one side adjacent 1<1 til(' ",illgll' large teutacle; theh,W;"r having a heavy, thick Ita"" and affording support for Hw prolilerous flee"w{ary mer.hlHII" which loud asexua.lly therefrom. The tt,utade is very Jon/.(, the terminal two-thirds I,('iug abundantly supplied with ringso] nematocvst». Manubrium rather short, eylilldrieal, an (I with simple mouth. G01l3ds 011 walls of manubrium, when- the ovadevelop directly iuto aetiuula-, several-of which may hefolmd in various stages of development at the Raine tirol,·. Developing actinulre and hlldl]ing medUSfJ are found at the same time, usually during the early i'pring+l\:1ardl to May-though proliferous medusa- seem to arise almostconstantly, being present on speeirnens taken in August. An examination of the histol(Jg'y of the gonade shows aspects of oogeneeis and development almost exactly similar to those exhibited in Pennaria, (}oryllwrl'ho, Tolmlaria eroceo, and-others. l':ggeleavage is 80 similar to that found in the last-named sped€-!; as to be almost indistinguishable dnringcorresponding phases. Ovawhich become active and begin development show the sallie phenomena of absorption of their fellows asDofiein has pointed (lUI, in Tn/mlaria IIWMmbryantJunnwn and Allen in T; crocea. Iti!! not dear how fertilisation OCCU1'8, since the e-a-rly Il,B, F. l!lOf--,l 34 BULLE1'IN OJ<' THEUUREAU of FISliERIE8. development takesplacewholly within the tissues of th« manubrium, hilt it. is presumably through the penetration of the ectoderm by thespermatozoon, as in several other tubularians, lI.ttO()(,onrH! is eharaeterized hy the .presence of 5 meridional li11eB of orangeor pinkish pigment over the exumbrella, two of them ariffiug- from the hase of the large tentaele. A8'ooeiat,,,l with thelle hands are batteries of nematocysts, A remarkable feature ill Hie apparently gr'ddllal disappearance during late spring and summer of these bands, together with their nematocyats. both being wholly absent in specimens taken in August. (hIQ,.."..-Hell transparent: orange bands over the "xumhrelIa, on base of tentacle, and-on kuobs at distal f'nds of radial canals; manubrinrn similarly colored at its base anrl oral end. DiJltrilnffi01,.-neneral throughout the region, tboughusually in greatest abundance within limited areas along thecoast. Hybocodon pendula (L. Agafl.8i7.!. 1'1. II, fig. a, t.'nrllm..{W']JlJa po:"t/.(}tt{11 I- ]fy{JO"n(juu j)rndul1l-Huk'ck-el, Sy.o;tem der :Med.us~·n, 1"'79. p. ~H; Hargttt, Rio-1Qgieal Bulletin, VoL IV, 19<)"21 p.2O. Jio-IU)('(UtIIl-$·lir:ndHbJ.$ Allman, }r!ouo,qrRph (lymnoblustit-· Hydrold-!'i, 1s-71. p. 397. Bel! similar to that of preceding species, though hut. slightly unsyrnmetru-al, Hwdusa slightly larger: teutncles unequally developed, OIIt' rather larg(~, the others rnuch smuller, one heing sometimes rlldinll'nt}lT.". Manubrium very similar to that of preceding, and with gonad,,; home Oil the surface as ill tlw former. The hydroid of this medusa I have frequently taken at various places in and about Vineyard :"ollnd and l\Inskeget Channel, aIHI off Chatham, usually from sandy bottoms and at considerable depths. It isa most beautiful form and JiVf'8 qnito well for a few days in HI{' aquarium. L. Agasf'iz stated that it,; IlIf'dllS Family TIARID..}:. A. Margi-niil tent.ll('1·e~ two or rour. L .Mttrginu-I tentacles four; bel l with rounded Hph~l projez,;Uoll _...... •.. Prot.lff.nr 2. ~{nrginal t-t~llt.R,('lF~ t\VO; h(1Hwith rather sharp apical projention . , ..... ~.~ _.. .Stomotocu. B. ~rttrgjllul tpntu.eleslll11ner6ui-!. 3. BpU witn glnbul-Hr apleRI I)fojo(;tion. ~ . __ ••• ~ T~IITii< 4. H-cJI without: gl-oliularapicnJproj"ceUon ... ~ Turrito})~~~~ PBOTIARA Raeckel IR79 1• Four perradial tentacle»: manubrium with lm.ad seAsih;base: g'mttd", lwme i!lfollrllla,~Se~OJ] the anglesof the manubrium. This genus was established by H:wekel t{) distinguish a medusa of s~'nflJetie characters, >;omen-hat. intermediate between the Co.luniidm and the Tiarid.e.and indicated by him as the prototype of the latter fatuily. I have elsewher-e dvseribed briefly a rnednsa takenin the -,voods Hole regiOll whiehhas characters quite similar to theg"llus under eonsideration. Protiara haeckeliHm;.!;iH. Tt-xteut. Bell half-ovoid, with rathrl' dougatf'dapie'l] projeet.ion; tentacl..",four, nHl~rstout. sl!ghtlykmgt'F than •• bell,am] with enlarged l) jt.,'tmWJto('(t opi('o.ia, 'r~. \ A ft.,v( )f"y"r.) STO:MOTOCA L, AgliUIsiz (J 1:\(2). Stomotoca apicata (:'>1eC>ady). Text cut$ . .....'o.ph.f:nio, npir'{{ja ~h~Crnr1y; Prn(~e~diJLg!'iElliottSodety 01 Niltund lIiHol.{)ry VqLf. lX:J7.-J-l. 1~H. ,...;fI)11i-Ol-1#~', !tId-rata: L. Agu-s,,'4z,'(:ontrihuti01JH Natural History rnH(~l Statti', Vol. jV,1~(t2. p. :-H1. Di-u(tm7ittlla. r,n.r-VH(f!- Fe\"k('~,Rulietin MUSf:HllnCOluparuHve Z()oln.(~'y. VuL VIII, 1M). IL 1,11, Aluphinfma apicatmnHaeekol, lc.:.ystelU del" )Jedugen, l~79t (:I. tl1:1. This species presents rather striking sexual dimorphism: the malt- has a long tapering lipieal 1'''''> j(·(;tion which is solid, while in the female it arises abruptly from Ul" hell and b hollow> The eolore oft.he two sexes also differ, the male showing a preponderaur-e of gn·(,n, while th,' lemale is riul l brownish ocher, Radial" "anal" wide, tentacles two, highly "ontraetiJe and with prominent 1'a."aI bulbs; rudimentary bulb-like processes at the iutermediate radial points, and often interradial huH", about the margin; manubrium large, quadratic in sectioll,with broad bas«: gonads in four masse" on manubrial walls: mouth with prominent everted 11)1>"s. Ontogeny unknown. Colors lIS indicated above, Distribution ehiefly southward in Woods Hole ~gi{)n; Newport, R 1., ete. Mitl-suIDu,er. stomotoca rugosa Mayer. ,'St{>m.aJOC'J and having a rugose manubrium. Tentacles similar in size and character to preceding; radial and eircular canals wide, all with und.ulating outlines; velum well developed. The.sexnal vlimorphism note..lmthepreeeding seems tobe lacking in this species. Onlogeny.·-Bl'ooks has described this medusa (cf. 01'. eit.}, as derived from a lrytlroid which he identified as Perigonimu8 minnttUI Allman. Colors.-Rell transparent: .tentachs and bulbs red..lish as isalso the manubrium. lJi8tribulion.-Similar to the preceding. TURRIS Lesson (18S7). Tunis ve8icaria A. Agassiz. Text cut, Tnrtii41jt:.i!ic(f;tia A. Ag'H.8-Oliz, Proce·eding;>i Boston Society of ~(tt't1r;fll Hj?ltor~t, Yo!' IX,lH6-2. p, 97: Xorth Amerlean Ae1tJepha:.. jl'lt". p. 16~. (:'aJablan.at~e~ic-a.r'{;um Ha']('kci, System ller }[eduI-I:cn. lx79, p. li4. Medusa high, bell-shaped or hemispherical, with a prominent globular apical projection; tentacles numerous, each with broad basal enlargement hearing a single ocellus, and tapering to filamentous ends; manubrium large and with prominent crenulated ora! lobes; gonads horne Oil base of manu briumaud extending somewhat upon the Ionrradialeannls. l Orffl'llia epi''''Jpit!is F')fIJC".Hrrti"h S.. ke(k~'(-d Medusa-. 184~. 1'. ~7. 'ft1,·ri.~p'l''''P'tli"t-,'wk,". B\lllrtill ;'\I1lf<8\11tl CUIT!flRroHveZooln"L Vol. \'in. l&~l.p. 147. Moon8. TURRITOP8I8 McCrady (I M7 L Turritopsis nutricula M,{'rftlly. 'f"xt cut. TUTrr:tO))ilis untris-uta M('_Crady. Prcceedlngs or Ell.iott 80 dety of NaUITHJ History, Vol. L V.:f.7, p, ]27. I... Agn,~slz. ContrHmtlon,.. to tbe :Sat-uTlll History of the Vuited S-tnte~, Yrd. I\F, 1,'#-;2, li~ ~~H. A. Agt.L~siz, Xorth American Acalepha-, 1~\ p. 167. Hur-ckr-l. Brl-lt'em {ipr "'ftlt"d_u~'tm, 1879, p. tin. J[ntlerdn mu1t-it.f.ydw:ulata Ve\\'kl:~. Bul lettn Museum Corn pRra-tin' Zl)ology, VoL vIIT, lAA1. p. 1.f9, Tatrllopsi.~· nulriculn:1-lap'f, Bulletin 'MUI'CUUl Comuarauve Zoology-. VoL XXXVII, 19l10, p. !Ix. ?li",luRa hieh-hemispherioal, with rather thin walls: radial canal" Iour, narrow; "dum '11',,11 ,Iev,·loped. Marginal tentacles numerous and of equal size, ~"wh with a dark brown ocellus on 1,hr' inner side of its L,a..io Family MARGELIUA-:. . II I" 1 J)lI slJtorphoijt1 1. M.Urg1nH1tentR(' 1eRS, rare 1r 4! ~ymnlCtnea_ y( !HVO~ei •...... +r.~. _ _ ~F._ _ ~.~4 ~ f~ Pod!)~{!'run{' ,j Marginal tentacles ,I.l,. rudimentary.. _. ~~""" .~ .. ~ _~. + •••• _. _ •• _ ••••• 0 ••• _ ••••• , ••••••• ~ _ •• __ ••• ,_ ••_ •• _ ~r.,'ttlladi.'I, :,. Margina1 tentacles S to 1f, _ _'" _ ,.. . Willi" 4. 'I'entaeles in -8clusters, ~ .. , _..• ~ _.. _.. __ '.'~'. _~ .. _.0 •• _ •• 0"_ •••••••••• 0 ~~ •••• _ .. _ ~". __ ••••••• __ ~ ._1..1::::/0 b. Tentacles in.J. «lusters .- _'4" _.~., • •_ ••• _., ~_ ••••• __ • ~ __ •••••••••• 4 ••• __ ~~ ••• ~~ •• _ ••• _ •• • 0"" _." _ BO"-l!(JnhtlJillia fr. Tentacles in 4 dusters, each murglned hy an erect, clavate pair ~4 _ •••••••• ~~ ~~ ••••• '~T.+4'4 •• _ ••• ~.4~ .~ ••• _];'r·(:,(n(YjJHi~ BULI.HTIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISlJEIUES. DYSJl[ORPROSAr, Philippi (1842). DysmoI'phosa i'!i f~lgurans A. AglUl"iz. Text cut. Rell subhernispherieal, with a slight eonical apical projeetion ; radlal canals 4, simple and narrow; marginal tentacles 8 in adult specimens, only 4 in yonngrsym metrically disposed; manubrium of medium size, its m'al end provided with 4 rather prominent tentacles; secondary medu8lebllddedfrom the body of the manubrium in great numbers, this apparently the chief mode nf reproduction, as I JulVl' not found the sexual PfOl!twtfl at any time. A. Agassiz says the number of nwtlus:e thus budded heeolllel-l 80 great at times as to afford a ~pletl'lid phosphorescent'e. Ontogeny, 1I,.t known with e"rtaillty. O,lol'.<.-Bell transparent, bases of tentacles and tip of mnnnbrium reddish orange, pigment ar ba"" of tentaulcs probably or-ellan in nature. Young medusa buds pale bluish by refleeted light. Ih">ltribti!ion.--Cornm'm g.merally throughont tIl.- region in July and August. PODOCORYNEII Bars (1846). Podocoryue carnea Hal'S. PI. IV, fig. 5. PmiONJ-TlIlI.-i; t:il17U'U S:ars, Fauna I•.ittorali~ ND-rveg'ia~, Tume 1, p. ;1, IMt" Krohn, Archtv .fUr Naturgesetuehte, -:Bd.XVII. lWil, p.-22tL nlncks,Hriti~h Hydrok] 7_.:{)ophyh:~}\, 1&18, fi ....~.( A1I1m-tH., MOIln~ravh Gyumoblnetfr: Hydnrid~, 1~71; p.:lHI. _ np..;:morphO:HI Ntr~U~{t· Haeckel, 8yRtem d4~r ;\retll-:L",cn. 18791 p. 77. General form very similar to the preceding sp.-des, with which it has been confused, unless upon fuller knowledge of the entire liie hlstorvit should.appear that the two forms are hut dimorphic phases of one species. Their oecurrence i II the same I'ej,-iOIl and season, however, makes this posfCibility somewhat doubtful. Hell heu.iapherical with low archei! aboral portion, entire exumbrella dotted with jn-attered clusters of ueruatocysts in Y(Hlllg which disappear in the adult; It") :lmm. in height and ~1ightly more than half us broad. Marginal tentacles 4 in young medusa, hut 4 additional interradial ones appear early, alwavs remaining shorter than the Jl~,rradia]s, however. }\1anuhriUlll well developed, usually quadrate in t«.",tiOll an,l with 4 oral tentacles which are tufted with clusters ofnematocysts. Gonads horne on base of manubrium and apparently approaching maturity when the medusa is liberated from the hydroid. (hlor>~.-Ben very transparent, base of manubrium reddish-brown, gonads palehllliBh,hright reddish-brown ~JlOU3 on perradial tentacular bases, duller ones 011 the interradials. It is somewhat douhtful whether these pigment spots are true ocelli. Onlogcuy.-Deriveddirectly from the hydroidPo({(worllne, the lifeeyde being easily .traeed on speeimens kept inaquaria. Di...'rilndion.-Geuerally the same a~ the pre.;t..oding sIX,des and dnring essentially the 811me season. nTh",,, can hardlv he serious doubt as to the identity of these genera. Were there by Phirippi, the name 1)!f~-mrn1)}wsa,should have rt:~r(~IlHkm. In vipw of reasonable drmbt nn uanee of Sars' .nnmo ill the Iltcrnture, it seems best, to giye it right of way. Uncertainty a.~to Iormcr fnrAgas:rlz'l::! species, MEDUSlE OF WOODS HOLE Rl'~GION. 39 LIZZU Forbes (1848). Lizzia grata A. Agassix. PI. 1, fig. 4. l.-iz:dn.- -grala A. Aga.~iz,-P.roceedlngb- Boston -Rf)(derr uiNaul.....tlHistnrS', Vl;j.lX; 1!{(i2r-P~ ~¥.J. Fowkes, Bul letln Mu~rum (XUDp.lirntive Zoolugy. VoL--YII.L 1~1, p.14-2, A. AgR~"'i.7.. Xort1\}..meru-un A('.n:!eph~l·. l'S{i;1:, p. 1(i-l. Jf(irgdlh~-m- graboft- Haeekel, SY8tern-..jer 1!;rednsen~J,iol;7"9, p. yft. Bell subeonieal with high, rounded apicalprojection. Marginal tentaelps in 8 clusters, perradial dusters with usually [) tentacles, interradials usually :{ in mature specimen", fewer ill yonn!!. 'I'here are no ocelli. Mauubriumof moderate size with 4 rath,'r promineut oral lohes, wluchun- slightly bnmeht,L Gonads form prominent clusters 011 the basal portion of the mannl-rlnm. This medusa, like l).'I"IIU/l'pJW~{1.fuiiflll'l1i1••, prixhwe8 medu8w by asexual bnddinl{ from 'the h<)d~' "f t.he urnnubrium. Rpeeimens are founrl with 8e"'mdarymedu,",ein all ; r,ne f~a.'"!e~, Di. :BQUGAINVlLLIA Lesson (] :-;:lG). Bouga.invillia carolinensis (;\TeCra.)y), 1'1. 11, fig_ 4. lap]J(d~rf'AU,' "(l.,lJlincn15i.; McCrady, Prof't:('(liug;~.EIHort~()clety Nuturu l Historv, Vol. 1. 1S;:i7, I). J(~.f. J/'i.rgdh-< -CjlrJ)Ji-I!('n.'l-f~ L. .AgtL,\!" Bougainvillia supercilia.ris L.· Ai!'a.o;siz. Text cut. Bippocrcne BU1>errfUllri/J L AIl'_iz. Memoir» Amerie....n Aew:'lemy of Arts and Sdenees. YoL III, 2d _ies,lM9,p.250 SthnJ~m._MuriIwhlv(,J.'ttJbrntp,'o!ni Grilnd It,Janan,lS53, p~-l] ,__ inS~ith~onirlnContriblltiOlls_ to Kn(~wl(.-dge.Yol.VI -HCYllfPliiwilliu 8upt:Teilfuri-,~ L. _Aga~i-z, Contributions to Natural Htstory United 8tat~, Vol. -J\Y, 18fl1, p. 289 and 34-1. A. AX.aA~iz. North American .AcnU,;-phte, li'ifV'I. p. }l).'}. 11lp'{.H~·rfnt}l~9P'f'{...a[{tn·s Haeekel. Systeln rl.(·r M(!(lu~en, ]879,11. 9'2-. III gtmeral form and eharaeterisfies very similar to the preeeding' species, hut of larger sizt, and differing somewhat ill shape and in the «ornplexityof tl,e oral tentacles as well :\8 the di.•position of the gonads. The marginal tentacle," are al~n more numerous and of great.er length; Tile manu hri um is shorter and broader, awl the gonads are crowded about. H" base instead of near the oral end, as in the iormer :;pedt·s. Rize Irorn $ to 12 mm. in diameter in maturity. Color.•.-LC'8S bright than in preeeding "pedes; sensory pads dllllyeHowish to orange, ocelli black, manubrium "imilarly ,..olored, reddish orange distally. DiMriIJUlion.----,8imilar to that of jlreeeding, but often taken from greater depths and farther offshore. June to lo'eptemb«r. BouglLin'Villia gibbsi Mayer. lImifminriUia- !/iMJl'-l Mayer, Bulletin :Muro::ellDl. CorupafRlivt' Zl)''tlflg~' \'01. XXXVIl. 1HOO, p, 5. llou!I"in,·iliia supercittari«. Medusa very similar to lJ. carolinen••·i.s, distinguished by Mayt'l' by the relatively greah'r hteight "f bell and by the shorter and broader manubrium. Moreover, the siz« is smaller, tilt' marg-inal tentacles fewer in number, and the oral tentar-le« Je~R eomplex. Mayer records H.R occurrence at Newport, Iroru Julv to October. He gives ample description in the article cited, WlLLIA F~rb61 (1848). WiII,i" Forbt'S, British Naked-eyed Me,lus,,'. IMP. 1'. 19. lFillhr .1-., .\ga.....siz, Cm-ltribu.tion~ to Nu.tural fIi~tory of the l'nited Stnr.es, Vol. IV, ]861, p. :~4iL Willia ornata ].]eCrady, PL T, tig. 5. lFflla-in omatn. 1\feCrndy, Proceedings Elliott gor-iet.y of Natnral Hfstory, Vol. I, IHfi7. p. 149. U"Ul-lam'nalaA. Agu!:.'ls1.l•. Nortll Amertcan Aea lepha-, l~t';5, To. ]71. H-i'Ui(, f).f.''Hnu)!ff·(l- F-ewk('~, Bulletln Musenm Conlpiuutivp Zoology, YoJ. IX, 18H"'2, p. ~~. Dus(frOi!m"U .fl;f/sflip{.rwrn Hftt:"eHel,System (\\'r Medusen, 1:-0,79, p. 1i"i2'. lI'illMI(li!n/{lI!l.H"eekt'l. RYR(PHi rler Medusen, 1879. p. 157. Body of medusa rather low, bell-shaped, somewhat conical above, about twice as broad as high, and with rather finn walls. Radial canals only -l at birth, later each of these branches us shown: in the fignre, finally resulting in from 12 to }(j terminal canals, which eornmunicate with that of the margin. Tentacles likewise but 4 at birth, but iuoreasing in number with the increase of radial canals, so that. 'finally there may be 12 01' more at maturity. Between the terminal branches of the canals are irregu lar lines (if nematocysts, which pass upward on tile outer surface of the bell for short distances. Mannhrimn well developed, mouth with -1 everted lobes, Gonads Iorm prominent masseson the base of the manubrium, but never extend outward upon the radial canals. Ontogeny wholly unknown. ColQr.-Ocelli reddish brown, gonads and manubrium pale greenish. J)i1lt1'i/;ution,-]l,[ote or less common at irregular intervals. Occasionally taken innumbers in the F..eIPond and in the tow of the harbor. Haeckel, in tJltj RYl'\tem tier Mednsen (vide supra), has pla<,-,e,lthis Iorm amongthe eannotid Lep tomeJ\nllle,wbieh seems to me to be whollywithout warrant in so far as its more fundamental eharac- MEDU8£ OI<'WOODB. HOI,}i REfUON. 41 ten; lire (x.llll:emed, the branching radial canals.vperhap«, excepted. As will be noted, its shape, tentacles, ocelli, ek.,are all distinctivelyAnthomedusan, snd I have thereJorp ventured to place it among theMargelidse, When its ontogenycomes to be known a different nssignment iuay b,; required; lr.EIlOPSIS L. Agauiz (18411). Nemopsis bachei L. Ag8.l'siz. Text cut. S('1i1-0pxiX bndui L..Agassiz, Memoirs- Amcrteun "\.J~H.tl('mr Art.... nnd 8l'it'.Hees, YoL IV, ]S4~l, p, -289; {1..ontTihutions Na.trtrnl History t'rlitL'{l Sbl.tl":-i, V()L Jr, l~l;~, 1-'. ,'H:~. ~\. ,,'lgn;SHiz. NUTt.h Am~':ritltln .Af'-fl:.lp).h:l-\ 1St';;;" p.14~j. ,V()!io}JxitJ, HiMH'.; This medusa, wh ili- similar in general a.~l'edE to the spedes of JJo11!F.inrillia above described, has sereml very distiuctivc difiereuces, such a.s th« disposition of the gonads beneath the radial canals, awl also the pair of «Iavate marginal toutaeles which arr-h O\'l'1' the clusters of long tentaeles. It is spe(~itkally distinzuished by til .. height and the tlrickuess of the Willi" and upper !~)rti{)l1 of the 0011. The marginal tentacles are in 4 clusters, arranged about a Iml bous pad, with a distinct series of occlli at their bases and each duster with a pail' of erf'ct, cla vat«, tentacular bodies, As in Rougain"illi(f, the tentacles varv in si~e and number with age, averaging about. 7 or 1:\ in eaell eln:,;ter in matun- s[lt,cimens, the end" usually appf'aring to hUH' clavate enlargement". :Uanuhrimll similar to the species already referred to, mouth with 4 eomplexlv branched tentacles which are capable of great r-ont.raetiou. 80 that they may become almost indistinguishnble. Gouade horne (Ill basal portion of manubrium awl in course of rh-velopment ext+mding heneath HlP radial canals, almost or quite tht' entire length in litany eases. On!ogeny.-Unkllown. eol"r".-,'·':'en8or~· bnlhs ydlowish orange, gonads yellowish, lJi.~II·iI,ution.-COllJm(lnthroughout the region, ranging in season from ,1 line to Septemher. STYLACTIS Allman (J g7J i· $tyla.ctis hooperi Sigerfoos. Bell globular, slightly dungatp, about 1 nun. in height. Marginal tentacles H, rudimentary, symnH·trkally dii'posed about the margin. Oeeili absent. .Manubrium larg«, devoid of oral tentacles '.)1' lobes. ChmadH borne in "eneml mass about the manubrium: products disdulr,l.,'l'JJ at. once upon liberation of the medusa. Onl(ly"liy ,-'Derived directly fr"ma small hydroid, having it« habitat upon th,,< shell of R living snail, IlJyana8xn "I'wilelo. Distr-ilmtioJi.-Originally deseribed from Cold l"pring Harbor, Long Islaud. Likely to Ill' found within.the present l'(,>giOIl. Family CLAIJONEMIDA:. KEY TO'fHE tiE.'IERA. A. )Ea:rginaI tentacles fonr, 1.\\'0 rndhncntarv ~". _ _. _.4 ••• -••••••••••••• '" ••• 04_ ••••••••• ~ •••••••••••• ""." Ul'1n-m.rn-'iu .H; }[a:rgiriaJ tentacles two ~.~ _ < ••••• " •••••• - •••• " ••••••• 4_~ ••• -••••• ~ ••• (.'(wlmJli.x GEJIltABIA McCrady (1&'57). Four simple radial canals, at the distal exumbrellar terminus of which are .. clusters or hands of ncmatocysts. Marginal tentacles 2, at opposite perradial points, each loug and with various knoll-like and stalked elusters OJ nematocvsts, 42 BULLETIN OFTH1<: BUREAU OF nSHERIES. Gemmaria cladophora A-.AgllS8ka ~-/t"mNtarla dadoptwro. A. Aga~lz._ North Amerieun Acalepha-, 1.~).G, I'. l&L Ha~~~k{~l. System. fle-r:-Meduscn•.1879l p ..Jti·L Bdl subhemispherioal to eonieal, with walls of varying thtokness over different regions, giving to the suburnbrellar cavity a form differing froll! that of the cxumbrella. Marginal tentaclees, 2 rudi mentary, the other 2 long and abundantly supplied with bl,ttt,ries of uematouj-sts, many M whieh are r;t>tlke<1. Manubrium well developed and with the gonads borne on Its proximal portion: month simple, with 4 slightly everted lips, richly supplied with nemat(){·yi'ts. Ontogeny unknown ordoubtful. (h,l(}r.~.·-TelJiadeslight brownish, with orange pigmentaticlll at thebases, Di.~ll'ilmtioll..-Ma.~saehuilett" Bay, AgailSiz. WOOdR Hole. CORYNITI8 McCrady (lRr.7). Corynitia agassizii McOrady." OJlynlJis Hg(lJl,Si::i-l :M('Cnviy, Pro{'ef·.(liugs.EIHott &-M:~.iety ~H-tHrnJHlstorJ', Yul, L 1~7, p. ]:~2, 't't;Ju'lutlria- !H;11inUIB:U-}[(~C1'ildy,op. ett,; p. 'J9. Z4w-clnJ !It'1-'WUJf;{L:'UcCrU-u)\ up. dt, ibid. T lJalOf'h(l/(:i.x 1IrjJiraU)'i I a, A,gas.'4iz1 Contrtbuttons Natural Ilist01'3- United Statf'~", Vol. ]V'-lKG2~ p.23~. (}jr!!u_-Ui~ HyuFf:izil A. Ag.ll.8f-!i-z., North Aniertean J\f~aleplj:ite, lHfi5. p, l~fi; Allman, Mo.nograph Gymnohia~tic Hvdroids, l-H71, !•. 287; _MnrlJaCh, Quarter]y Journal Miern""Copi(~111S<'ieth'e, Vol. 4'2, 1899, p, :15~. (.'o'J'y-ru'ti.;; (f!Jftssi::,-li Jlae'l~kdl 'System der Medusen~ 1879, I). 4\:1'. Bell elongate hemispherical, slightly higher than broad, about 2 nun. in height when Jiberated. Marginal tentacles 2, long, with broad base, the entire tentacle rough with batteries of nematocysts, many of which are stalked and erect like vort.icell:c, for which they might easily he mistaken upon , In r-ontrast with the Anthomedusa-, the Leptomedusa- an' usually characterized by a flatter and more disk-like umbrella, which is also often of more delicate texture, or thinner and softer; the velum isusnally leB.": developed; tentacles usually wore numerous and with a utore general disposition about the margin. Gonads almoxt always horne upon the radial canals. Ocelli may or may not; he present; sensory bodies usually of the vesiculate type-e-otoeysts. TnAFMANTllIu;.-Radial canals " or S; rarely more, always simple and unbranched. Tentacles 116ual1)' numerous; ocolli usually present, otocyxts usually lacking; manubrium usually short, with 4- to 8-lobed mouth; gonads ill the form of undulating hand-like organs along the radial canals. OAl:"NUTHla-;.-Hadial canals 4 or 6, branched or with lateral pinnate diverttcula: tentacles usually very numerous; oeclli usually present, otoeystsIacking; gonads usually spindle-like pouches on the radial canals; mouth with 4 or (; oral lobe.':", which are sometime>! rudimentary. Eucor-ro...:.-Radial canals al ways 4, simple and uubranehed; tent{\eles nsuallynumerous, at least oj; rnanubrium usually short and quadrntoin section, with 4 oral lobes: o<:elli'ahsent, otocysts always present,usually g or more; gonads usually vesiculatebodies on the radialcanals, EQUOro:IlU,.-RadiaI canals numerous, 8 to 16 or more, often HJO,simpl('; tentacles at least R, usually very numerous; otocystsalways present, 8 or more; ocelli absent; gonads usually ribl),)ll-Jike; manubrium varying from very short to long, oral lobes usually numerous and variouslyiplnited or fCllded. «hl f1,forthl'mnmg paper (l>Iltth"ilul1l,~nZoolli3eh"nSt....tiou·NeAPel,.B Family THAUMANTUD"E. A. Radial canals, -4; marginal tentacles numerous fLud wlth basal cirri.~ .. _.."~ ...• ~. ,.. _ _.. _. _.4_ ..-.. _. ~Ii{u:#{Hct'n _B~ Radial tan-als, 4; marginal t{!ntad~ numerous.ibut without t~littl (~irrL. '".. , T •••• ~_. _ ••••••• ','" '" _ •• '" _. ~. _ ~ .....'tiJ~H·oldrnfH! C. -Radilll (·anal,..., :R; marglna] tentaeles UUIiltlroU"" without ~\l eirrt. _. __ .. ~ ...... ,_. ~ ~. _'. rltdlCf't'lH'W n. Radial (,-Jtnttl~nllni-e-roll~rI6.to 32 ormore: -tentu.dcs numerow, without btlsal(:,irrL,.; .. __ .' _. _.'" ....-.... _'. Or.c!U8t(.rmil LAODICEA LesIon (184:1). Laodicea calcarataA.Agas:;iz. Text cnt. Dtwdfcea (":lira-ratn A. Agassiz, in L. Agassiz, Contributions Naturu.l Risto'!")' f:-niteo::] Hlatt'"'~' VoL I V. ]M:!, p. ~~flO. Lujif'Y1. -I,.ilt!ofn/a.,A. Ag')l~iz. North Arnertean 'A.'alL"p]m., lStlil~ p.122. l~aodir;.((1 (~(Jk-antfa· HI:H.,'(~·kP1. ;.:y~tl"'lll del' M~"c1u~en. ls79, Jl. n~4. Bell hrna,j, low ,lome-shaped, about twice as Lroad as high. Marginal tentacles very numerous and with ,~w"llen bases; interspersed with them are nnUH'rOIlR tentacular ~p\lr8 and cirri. Radial canals 4, along which the gOlU\ S!-it-nrup!w·ra hwinio.1n L. Agnbi'iz, MmnoirH Amerie.an Aeadcmv Arts fi-:rHl.8eieHl~l'S~ Yolo rv, 1M9, I), 300; CCHltrilHJthl1;" Sa/.uml History t"nikd Stltkw, Vol. IV, lW;:!. p, ~i\l. A. Agft,~iz, N(}rth.Anl,prjean Ae&lepha~, ltifJJ, Ii, .136. "tauroSlIY"'''laduiala Haeckel, Systetn der MedUBell, lJJ7? p. 1:10. Bell low dome-shaped, about twice as broad as high, adult specimens attaining a diameter o!I[}() HIm. or more, the average, however, only about 40 t.o 50 mm. 1\iarginll.1 tentacles very numerous; velum thin and delicate; manubrium indistinguishable, mouth early confluent with the genital folds, which are sta"1'a8toma lacillU1.ta. Alter L. AglUIsiz. double along the ventral aspect. of each radial canal, and are variously folded or crinkled: gonads develop within. thecomplie.ated. folds just mentioned. Oeelli present as violet pigment spots 011 the bases of the tentacles, more prominent on young specimens, 44 On1ogeny Imperfeetly known. Ova develop within the genital fold", the larv!e being later dis charged as aetinul.c. C()hll's.-Bell transparent, with bluishmilkytint, genital folds and oral ridge-q oi similartints, Dislrilmti'iII.-Vtn·y conunon at times at \Vo(}(ls Hole and in adjacent waters. Agai,siz reports the species extremely abundant at Nahant, Boston Harbor, and Massachusetts Bay during eatlYBI>ring', May and June. Its oeeurrenco seems to 111' somewhat e-rratic, however, as I have taken specimens hut twiee within ""'put years, llIELICERTUJI" A, AgassiZ (I K(}2j . Melicertum camparrula A. Aj,(a.b'siz. -..Vdirainmram.]>aJl'fi-la A< Agn;,..-o,;..I';j,~> ill .L. Aga,"l. :Nnrth Aun~ri(,ll,n A('o.lellh:t" }Slir.,p. )3(t HUN:k't'l, ;;:;y~ti'm der "Mf'thl,'iieIl 1 11179, liP. 13i-J-:.-7; MedUIl<'l bdl."bapi·.l, about aH high as hroad, f'npahle of consider able (,hang!' of form hy erratic contractions of the umbrella. Marginal tentacles numerous in the adult, but the young resemble Laudieff(. iu having but 2, later aeijuiring others. Radial canals H in the adult, only 4 in early life. .Manuhriulll mur-h as ill Ll(odi('N(,oral 101",,.. g, with l'inuou8 edges. Oniogen!l.-:Medusa derived directly from the hydroid stock. Its development hail been followed by A, Agassiz (op. ,.it., p. 134). Col"r.-Bellligl,t ocher; gonads and ba"'"8 of tenuw'les brownish. l)i~tl"ilndirm.-MaR8adluset(8ami northward (L. aud A. Agassiz). So far as I am aware, the lliedusa has not been recor-led at "'oods Hole.. thongll likel~' tnbe found at any time. ORCHISTOJIA Haeckel (1K79). Orchistoma tentaculata :\lap'r, Text cut. Ordih::twnn i-ndantlut(J Mayer. Bulle-Un)1 userun (~nnparfl-tin·~ Zl..I{lh;g'y, Vol. XXXVU, 1900. V. S. Mayer describes all immature spedme.n taken at NewJlort which has the following specifi« characters: Bell slightly flaring near the margin, gelatinous 8uh aTld8 generic. term \\~l:I,.S upparcnuv firi';t elnvlo:red 1,y Oken in ]816 (Lt'.hrb. dcr Nuturgeschichte) •.aud -the very simitur term MeU.re-rta was proposed by Peron &. Lesueur in lKt)lJ in lh.·::-jgu:\ting a Greenland medu-u, prosutnably itl.entfr.oJ with that later descrfbed bv Oken..In 18'29 R~,{~h£wholtz.nnder t he uinourial here used, de!«'rib(~d with somewhat ruore detail andaceuracy a medusn quitesiml'lar, l'-'abrie-iu:H; however (FU.tlIHl GrfPnlIlUdkaj1780, p. .36ti),.had ·uF\ed the- samcspeeiHe term in describlug probably the same. or' a similar medusa. Haeekelh.....hown (Systemder Medtl.,*,n, 1'.139), that a11 these earlier accounts were either so inadequate or-inuoeumu aB to leave serlous.douut whether the medusa. d escrfbed by A. Al(>t.ssiz (op.cit.) withcrttlcal detail waaidentical with that olth" eurlieraccOlmt><, He therefore proposes to credit both the generic and specific terms to the Iarter, und so dcidl{Imles them in his account (op. cit). While in ,tri"t conformity with CSUt blished usage the priontyof the 01<1" {\{\!lCl'iptions should haverecogrtltion, I have accepted Haecket'e version and 'leave a final adjustment for those having larger eonceru.ru problems 01synonymj. MEDllSE O.!" WOORS HOLE REGION. 45 FamilrCANNlrrlI>lE. PTYCHOGENAA. Agallliz (1stl,')). Ptychogena Iaetea A. Aga8.Q iz. PtydiOt.fr-n-tIl{Xl{~a A. Agassiz, No-rtll Ameriean A'-l1ierlh,t';Lq&:•. p. lSi. .Haef=.keJ, Sr:;;tem. dt-r Met"lnSCll, JS71J. }l. J-t7. l!ell dOIlHc>-Bhaped, about twice as Irroad as hi~h,wi.th rather thick wa118; marginal tentacles numerous and filamentous; radial canals -I, lateral walls with numerous poueh-like diverticula: gonads variously folded and dispose,l beneath the canals: gastri« cavity very flat, quadrate in form; month large, but devoid of definite lobes or lips. The medusa seems wholly devoid of sensory organsof any ,",ort. According to Al-'3ssiz, from whose account thisdescrlptinn 11118 been condensed. this is a deep-BRa form, seldom coming to the surface, and when doing s6 apparently k illed hy the action of the light. Ontogeny unknown. Co{or8.-Gonads, radial canals, ami tr-ntacles milk white. Ui~tri"/ltioli.-Ma~sa('hugt'tt8Bay. The oceurreucr- of this species within tIIi.' immediate 'TPgion of Woods Hole has not been reported, EO far as I am aware, though it is likely to betaken at almost any time. Family El!COPlD£. KEY TO 1'111' OKl'ERA. _". )lHr~itHt.l tentacles .1. ",l)lUdimt'~ wit h lan-ral cirr-L LMall11hrium Y{'ry lone. e:d.~·II{ling hevond velum ... _~EuUml1 :t )f.tllllbrl1llJl short. b:"nt~td-(~~\....ith la.u-'rn1 basal eu-ri ._ _.. . };Udtfi/fJta :~. '~ru-iluhriHm short. tenta.clcs devoid of hElM! cirrl .. "" __ _« ~ ('(ylia. (jn v.) P. Mu nrtnnl tentiu"h..}! 16 or HIOTt', L j,-Innubriurn. long, hen hernisphericaL _. _.~ __ .. _ ~ ~ ~. _ ~ + •• _ Ttrna f~. Mauubrturu short, bell dif.'eolfl. otoey!o I. 7\-fullubriuln short. -oral Iips v.uri-flllsJr fimbriated «. __ _. o.. ". _.• « •• ~ • TiaTti11fd,'f ~ ){anubrlUlll}.hort. 12 otor-yst«, tentacle- with Interposed l"irri .. . __ ~ _.. ~. _~ ~ __[,hluU/< 9, Mnnubrturn short quadra.n-. 111 uu.trgiral] tenUtelct", with 1(i- inkrpu."i-l'cl ot(l('r~t~ .. " ..... RjH:1IJhf'f.is lfJ. Mauuhdu.n\ O;i,l\ot't, 0-r\\11()h<..\(o', l1htin, tcntRd~~ m.(jt'('; than 16'1two (~\O(·y+:.t~ between (~v'h l,a.i'r ., •• ~ .•.••.• _4 ~ ("kcnm"q EUTIMA McCrady {I l';l7). Eutima mira 7VleCnu1y. PI. 1\", Ii)!. 1. .Fu!iO/'{i:ruJrn J\kCn-uly. Vrne('~'tU1Jg:-, .El-liOI..l Siwidy Slt.tural IH..tory. Vol. I. j).;:y,", p. l~IO, L. ;\gllfjKj7.~ CtlntrH,uUOH~ Nut.l1m1 History L'f ritc-d 81at-t'-~, ""-01. JV, 1~t)'.l" p. :~(iO. A. A.ga~..,izl Xorth Arnc-rh-au .Ai,·alephJP. lR&"1, I'. UO. Huer-knl. System dr-r Medm..n, 1079, p. 191. Medusa low, bell-shaped, about t wice as wide as llir:h, walls uf bel! very tiahby, collapsins; alrnoHt at OIH'e on hein)! taken from the water. Siwof adult l.'; to :!O 01111. in wide diameter. Marginal tell' tacles-l, very long and tapering to mere t hreads; each has a larger ha.se with a pair of distil1d cirri. though these are often EO closely <'oiled a, to escape attention. The velum is extremely delicate lind perhaps little functional-us an organ of locomotion, which is chiefly accomplished by rhvthrnir- eon' tractions oi the entire hell. The manuhriurn is very long and pendulous, extending heYl!nd the 11e1l margin two or three times its height. There is a long gelatinous pednnde, only the distal iifth consti tuting the ga.~tril' portion. 'I'he unonth is -I-lobe,l with stronglye\·{~rsibleIiPE, which Iorm a disk-like organ not unlike the sucking disk of 11leech. Gonads am horne along the median portion of til(' canals. The 8 otoeysts are disposed about the-margin of the locH, each containing several otoliths arranged in the forrn of crescents. Within each marginal quadrant there arc alw.:'; rudimentary ten taeles, each with its pairofcirri, which are also rudimentary, and slight swellingswhk-h appearto be of similar character. Ontogeny unknown. CO"Jj'~.-Bellvery tramljr.mmt,basal portion oi tentadel! pa];' green hy reflede,i light, hut lllocll;\;tj illl r08e ('olnr by tralllHnitted light, an interestiug chanwter which is p08se&'lBd by luan)' other )lIel1lls;<·. The distal portion of the manubrium is' also gr;lenish with a palel'inkish hue, and the SAilue color thoughlessdiJ'tinet, is iOUIJ.d il\ the glll1lv]s. lft'.oltri1JIl!i01'L-" ery common at ''roods Hole and ill ViJle)"lrd :-\olluddllrlngAugust. 46 BULLll-'T1N UF THE BUREAU OJ<' FISHERIES. Elltimlllimpidll A. AgMsiz. Eurt"", UmIJid,~ A. Agassiz, in L. Ag""",iz, Contribution" NatnmlHl"tory United SI",te", Vol. lV, 186'2,.p.262: North Amertcan Aealepha-, 18/'tl,II. 1Hi. Haeckel, System ,lcrMedu"l'n,l8'l9, P..l1h. This medusa is very similar in genera)' aspects to tbeprt!{'eAing species, if indeed it may notbe found upon a more eriticalcomparison to he Identical, or perhaps a regional variety. lis size seems to me the only distinctive difference, though the tentacles ereeaidto he shorter and to have the basal enlargement, Agassiz gives the siz« of adultsns nearly 2 inches broad by about 1 inch high. Ile describes the otoeysfs also as of unusual size, easily visible to the naked eye. In many years of collecting about Nanshon I have never taken this medusa, nor do I find it reported by other collectors. May it not he that some unusuallylarge specimens afforded th(l occasion for this speeitie dlstinction? Distribution.-Buzzards Bay, Naushon p. Agassiz). EUCHEILOTA MeCrady (18.5;). Eucheilota ventricularis:M:eCrady. PI. IY, fig-. 4. Ew:/wibj.ta (!t:;ldrl(''Ular-i~ Mef1mdYl Pro.:~edjngs Elliott Society Natur.al Hil-itory,Vol. I, 185,. p..1S7. f:udU'ilm-tJ, L. AgH.BRiz l Contrilmtiowol to Na.ture.I History of United. Htlltel'l, 18tiZ~ Vo1. IV. p. ;jfla. E"clJeilo/a ,'eluri<~tlari<.A. Agm'sJz, Xorth American Aealepbre, ]865, p. 74. Raeek£'!, 8yRtem der ;;r",IUS<'Jl, p. 179, 1S7i). Bell snbheruispherical, broader than high. Marginal tentacles 4.perradial,with 4 somewhat rndimentary interradial, eachset with a pair of basal cirri. The interradial tentacles afterward develop andadradial tentaclesappear with later maturity, but none ill the specimens taken by rue showed these, andtheyare therefore absent in the figure given, Velum well develope.I. Gonads in spindle like masses on the distal third of the radial canals. Ontogeny unknown. ("ol,m'.-Bell transparent, tentacular bases and manubrium bright green hy refleeted light. /}istT'i[lt!lion,~Fairly common in the waters adjacent to Woods Hole, and at Newport {Fewke~), Eucheilota duodecimalis A. Agassiz. PI. IV, fig. ::. l!."t~hdlotu t.tnout'cima.lu;_<\. Ag'a...~iz. in L. ..t'gH-..,~j:z,C"JTltrib-ution8Na.t11ra-l History Utritnd State" VoJ. IV, 1&>2. p. 3'>3; North American .~""lepha', 1S6.'i, t'. 7.'). PhiaJiu-rn. dlw(/,eclJna.lc Hfi..E!ekel, 8Yfo;lenl der Medusen, 1879, V. tso. Medusa similar in fOTJ!l to the preceding species, imt. dlstinguished hy having hut 4 long tentacles with.their lateral cirri, and bythe presence of 12 otocysts, a between each t.wo tentacles, Di8ITilmtion;~8imilaTto the preceding species, OLYTIA Lamonrollx (1812). Clytia. bicophora L. Agassiz. Text-r-ut, elyria bloup/wra L. A~ssjz,('(}ntribulions to Natural !ti,.toryof United Stall'S, Vol. IV. 1~62, Pt'.:w4, 3!>1. A. Agassiz. North Amer• . !ean Acalephre.lS65, p. 78. Eprotl,v,i"I>i',>f,phora H~kel, System derMedusen, 1879, p.1M. Meduaa variuble in form. and other characters with development, at first 'inclined to he globular, latt~r henvlspherical. Marginal tentacles at first but 4;. at matnrity, 16. Velum fairly weUdeveloped, though narrow. Otocysts i'I,disPJ)Sedou.eitherside of theperradial tentacles, OnIOf/f"ny.-Fromhy(lroid Cl!/liu bicophora. Cf}1(il'8.~nen, tran8parent; ovaries and•tentacle'ha.." Clytia nolliformis (MeCrady). (hnqj(j.n.,tl-a-ri(l-noUiJ(~ritti~_MeCmdr, in J-)r{p(~eedjn~ Eniott &xdcty l,I Natural Hlfottory; .VoJ. I, lR.~7.p. 194. Ctr-nq)itnula"ria-~¥}ltt,()lli8 I~cidy 1~_ll-rinc -JtiVt~rtebntit:~.- New ~lf'rM:'Y aut! Rhodflo l:"fa.nd, l~Sb. p. -{~. i:T!tfl(t('yli",i,.i"" L. As-a.s.'il,eontrilJUtion, t,) Natural Hi Tim.i Jurw..osa. L. AgflS':liz, Con tr.ibutions to Xn.turn! Hi."tory of UnHed ~[at(l.fol. VCi.L 1\-\llil.':!. p.an:!, A. Ag-fl..~..:iz-~Xorth Aureru-an Aealephse, ll;:-.ff;i~ p. 11:1. Haeckcl . By;<;t-eUl 'der ~fed\.l~en!]87'9, p. 20-'). }:"pvvkeR.- Bullr-tin Mtu:lollln Cnllil'ttlrfl.tiY-~-i Zoology, Vol. YIII, 181'1, p, 1r,;. 'I'hix splendid medusa, one of our most beautiful pUI'opi,I", 11:1" a bell-shaped umbrella about IL" high as broad. :-,ize in maturtt.y about 50 t.o flO mill. Hody of h\'ll rather thirk and neavy, particu larly ill aboral region. Marginal tentacles numerous, with bulhous bases. Manubriuru JOllg, eapable of protrusion beyond tlu- velum, though ll~ual1y about 011 a level therewith. Hadiai "allaM 4, rather wide, with gonads extending the entir« lengtll and downward upon the elollgated· jWdlll1d" of the mauubriuui. :\Ionth with 4 fimbriated «versil.le 101.",,,. Otocyst- nunn-rou» and l'ymmetrjeulL.,· di8 t ributed ahont the margin, each contuiniug several otoliths, Fewkes has eal led attention (Bulk-tinMusenm Comparative Zoo]')!,!y, Vol. VIII, p. Vii i to til(' fad thut. "l'eeim"!1,Q an' often devoid of the glli't.ric and oral portions nf the manuhrinru. 1 have frequoutly note,l tlw 8H1ll(' thing, and han, sUl'pee!..'d that it might he ,hw to yorill'l,m" fi,;IH:'8, SDIll<' of whu-l. are known to fl:,pd l\l-Hl the oral Iobes, et e., of the Reyphom('dns,f'. "'hateH'r the eansr-, it "e"m" to prn\'e of small inconvenience to the medusa, as thr- organ is soon rogenerated. Onloyol.y.-The ontogenv of Tiina has been traced by A. Agassiz (d. North ,'l.uwrit'an Acaloph.«, p. ]I.')), who .has reared the h yd roid from tln- 1'/.'1,"8 diHehargef] by the m('dul',l' in aquaria. The ..haracteristic p111iS:es of development, through planulie to polyp~ am] hydroid i'olonip~, occupied ~{}nw six months, at the end of which till' colonies were very minute tufts, barely visible tn the naked eyi'. (};lrrl's.-Whil« the bell is quite transparent, the milk-white WHladR and mouth lobes render O'f' medul'a Y\wy eontlpiCUo118. 'nit, tentades alsoare whit«, with a dd1cate rOHY pink in many spet·illl('n~. Dislrii"iliorl.-Rather genelHI .th1'0ug!lout the regi OBELIA P6Jl}n &; Lesueur (THO\)). The genru; Ol>dia, as at, present (lenaI'd by InOl't anthor", is lIludl more ()/)mprehell~i);.. than. wal' understood by l"orhes, 1\fcCrady, and Aga,~siz. As IlOW eOllstituteclit ('f)rnprises Jnl'dus,p having- tbe following {~haracteristic~: Eightadrndial o!.'.K'y"ts, whiehare horne on th"inward projecting hases of the marg-inal tentacJc~ of that region: marginal tl'lltades numerotlll, 12 to 24, or \'\"'11 IOO or more. Yf,lulI' rudinll'lllary. bell flat and freely eversH>fe, the medllfm.· often swimming more or lesl' freely in that ('onditio]). a The pxtn'ln"l.1' variable "tage ofdevelopme,nt at which the medn8;J' lpave the WHlothecll', 801Jte times with 12, 16, :H, orf'\'en 41' h'ntaclt'S,ROmHillws with the gonad8 flln'ady well dl'\'('lop..d, "rmtetilne~ without any trae('s of them, render \'erydiflicmH any ,.~,rtftil1 deft'rminatiml ofsp('('!es; and the Sluue variable temlendes oithe hydroid stocks hut a,lU to the diftktlltie~ of til(' prohlem. Ilt'IU'('. in (~(llnparativ('ly f{~w ca$flS mllywe fel'! ('Yen a l'ea~onahle ""surane~, that the spedes 11~1l1llJy r(~'ogllized as distinct art1 entitledtr) that rank. (-kA~-wiU:1~-n9*ed~th-b~£finitioliillehlde.~ what-by earlier.wntun,wefe re(~gnjzed H.'S the !;f:"nern-OfBtfC!}lJt-UI'td.ObeliJ:t, tehiel'lf 48 BULLETIN 0.1" THE JHJREAU OF' b'I8HERIES. Obelia collllllilJaurali13 McCrady. J;UV1lUyj,-j,(1 !/t:lali1W¥O. BtiIll.J»!Ol1.-Manne Itlve_rWbraJ-f~s.of GrHndMR.ntln~ -185311). 8, ill Snlilbwniall -C"ontrilmtfcniE to Knowl edge, Vol. VI. Laomcdia dickqlomaLeidy, Marine Invertebrates of New Jersey and RhodeJsland, 18f~'\, 1'. 6, In Journa.l Academy Natural • SCJeIll'''''.of Phlladelphia, Vol. III, 2d series, O1IeUll t"jmai.~"r;r1i~ McGmdy, Proceedings Elllutt Society oj Natural HIstory, Vol. I, 18.57, 1\197, IL Ag""siz,C{}ntributions to NatnrJlI!Jistl1ry of United State., Vol. IV, 1862, PI", SJ5,351. A. Aga",,;z. North American Ac>tlephre,I865, p, Ill, .inBulletJIl Museum Com[13rotlvcZooJogy, Vol. I. Haeekel,H)'8tem del' }[edmcn, 187". p.1U, Be11 flat awl discoid, mar ginal tenracles H'llt liberatlon; gonads borne OIl distal half of radial canals: manubrium cylin drical, mouth four-lobed. Size of medusa about] mm. at time of liberation. Developed from hydroid of same name. Oodia. ,Ur'l,oana. Di~lril!Uti'm.-EYl'rywhere throughout the region. Hydroid found 011 various species of Fucu», and very politic, hundreds of modusre heing Obelia diaphana (I,. Al-,*,siz.) Text cUI,,:. TjUluuwnJia,~ dbJ..plw1U1, IJ. Agassfz, Mem-oir."! American Ael:u.Jem:r (If A rtx and Seien{'(\~, Vo1. I\"", J~-tJ. p.30(l. RucvJlf' riinpluw(t !\. Agl:tti:;Lr.,in L. Agassiz, Contributions tu'Sa,tur-..t1 l-n:;l1-nry of United State:", ':'lJL l V, UHi2. p. :,t22. -'S'Drth Amerlean Aealephte, IN;;'). p.k:L Obelia rJiapfw1Ht- A1inld,n, .A..nnals ll.w1 1IHgazine .()-i Nat ural Hi!'Jt~,ry. YoL-XUJ, lSla, It, ai2. Hat"ekel, gvstem d(!( :M~dlusen, 18791 p. 17,'1. l\tednsa flat, diseoid,with usually 24 ten taclps lit liberation, later as !Hany :\H 200 or more. Nize ahout I mm.at birth, lw('ornir:g as much as 5-lhmn. at maturity. Mauuhrium cylindrical, with four-lipped mouth, Iipsahort. (,onad" usually nbserrt at birth, be('oming m",r;"di SerttiJ.aria._.liddlilH~~9t l~l.t.ljal'-. Elenchus ZoopllytoruDl:. 176ii. p__ 116. Laomoiia. _rfelH;f,(nf)~d. -Lrttnttrek. An lmuux sans Yertebrcs, Torno JI, lk17 f p. l~H. Lnmouroux, -Hi~toiH~dl!s- PolypleTs (;"ranig~'ne~Flexibk1~1~,p. ;t" 1..(ufm~rU(titi!7unfea A.A!;tt8Siz. North Amerknll. Ae-itleph~~.. l86G_,'p. -~H. Or,,'li Obelia pyrifonnis (A. Agasslz.) Eucop£lWi"if01'lJti8 A. Aga!jsiz,North AmerlClHlAcalephre, 156i>,. p. HR. Laotnwia p.vri!&17YJi. Leidy, Marin'; In vl'rtebrate Fauna New Jerseyuud Rhode I.hmn., ill Journa! A""demy beien""•. Philadelphia, 1&')5,Il.6. Obeliapyriformis Haeokel, System der Medusen, 187\1, P.:175. }'ledusa fiat, discoid, with U tentacles at birth; gonads l\lso present at this period, pear-shaped and borne on proximal half of radial canals. Otoeysts somewhat largerthan in some of the preceding species and usuallyulightly to OM side of the tentacular bsse. Maullbriumglobular with simple mouth devoid of-lobes or lips. Devdupmenf.-From hydroid of same name, having its habitat ohlerlyon eel-grass or in similar surroundings. m8tribution.~Somewhatgeneral throughout the region. .Obelia fusiformis (A. Agassiz.) Europe cn frusiJormi8 A. Aga~_f.,izl North American Acalepha., 1&;,1, p, [(I, ElU~(t}JC {?) diraricata A. ..Agm·;,'·~jz-, op. cir. p. 91. ()f){iiafu.sijonnis Haeckel, System der ~le(\usell. 18'79,p. 177. ;Uedusa very similar to former species. but with 48 tentacles at birtb, when also the gonads are well developed and of fusiform shape along the length of the radial canals. Manubrium quadrate in shape, with four-lipped mouth. Devdopmelll.-Froll1 hydroid of same name. Di.slribuliml.""'-Ma.':!8achusetts Bay, Nahant (Aga8>!iz). I have not identified this medusa from the Woods Hole region, and there may be a question as to it,.;specific distinctness, since Agassiz has him self expressed doubt on thi", point. TlAROPBIS L. Agauiz.\184\l ). Tiaropsis diademata L.Ag'a.~8iz. Text cut, Tinropsis rtiodcmata L, Aga."#5iZ 1 ::Men101rnAm('riean Aead·pB:iY..A rts and Bcieuee.", Vo1. 1. V j Ib'iH, l~. 289, ·CollttHmtinH~ NR.1.urtt! History United 8tates, YoL I'\T, 18621 p. 308. A. Agussi», North American Aculephrc, 186.'1, p.·.o9. Hacckel, By:~tcm der 1II"d1lH'n. 1879, r-188. Bell hemispherical, or low dome-like, about half as high as broad. :'\Iargillal tentacles very numerous in maturity, though comparatively few when the medusa is liberated. They are always short, forming a deli cate fringe upon the margin of.the bell. Pigment spots occur at the bul bous bases of the tentacles, and am probably ocellar in charader.Eight otoeysts are present, distributed between the tentacles, 2 in each quadrant and between the radial canals, each containing black otoliths. The velum is narrow and very delicate. Gonads spindle-shaped, disposed beneath the median radial canal region. Mauubrium very short, with four fimbriated oral-lobes. Ontogeny unknown. Ttaropsis diademata; Alter A. Cblor.~.-Bell pale bluish milky tint, gonads OCEANUPeron &; Lesueur (J809.) Oceani(Jasa generic term has been Iargely superseded by most European writers upon Hydrome dus::e,aml Haeckel has designated'it as obsolete, merging the medusa; formerly classed under it into other genera, as Epenthesi», or instituting new genera which better define the characters of those forms, Several AmerieJlll authors haveIikewise abandoned .the use ofOcennin!l>l a generic name, bnt still others, notably A. Agassi» and Mayer, have continued to use itIneomethingof its earlier sense. To the present author ithas seemed expedient to continue to use it, though recognieing its growing obso lescence. As at present{lefined hy Agassiz and-Mayer; it would seem to differ from Epenthesi:l chiefly in thepresence of two octocysts between each two marginal tentacles, and in its larger nUTIlber of the 11l.ttet. 50 mJu.ETIN OJ;" THE BUREAU O}<' FI8HERU:S. Oceania languida. A. Agassiz. PL V, fig. 2. f)cettr-t'j"alang-uidn. A~ Agujol...iz, in L. Aga~iz, ContrHHltjnus to Naturu.I llh;to-ryof United -State.~l -Vol. IV, 1862, p~ ~-G3;_ North A1Df''l'iean AealeplHl~.l&i!"" 1'. 7u. PIIi"lidium lanouidum Haeckel, System fler )1 eduaen, 187~, p.188. Bell rather low, syrnrnetrically arched, walls very thin and delicate, collapsing when takeh from the water. Velum also vorv narrow awl delieate. Marginal tentacles numerous in adult, usually 32 or more, with about 2 otoeysts between the bases of each two. Gonads elongate masses along the dist.al half of the rsulin] canals, or when fully mature extending ultnost to tbetnaunbruun, the latter very short and with four-lobed month. Tentacular bulbs large and oval in form. The rnedusreare Rlu~gish in temperament, moving languidly, often simply drifting; when disturbedv or even without apparent disturbance, they often «ontract-the margins of the hell, folding the body into an aspect of collapse. This species is very abundant in the Woods Hole region, particularly in middle or late sum mer. In size it 'varies from ].5 to 20 mm.in broad diameter, with about half the height. The ontogeny of this medusa is somewhat doubtful. Haeckel assigns it to Camponulino. lanyuida. I have never heen able to determine definitely its entire life history. Oolor~.-Bell very transparent; tentacle bulbs brownish with green center: gonads likewisegreenish brown; manubrium streaked with greenish. Di.~lr"'IJUtion.-Rathergeneral throughout the region, June to September. Oceania singularis Mayer. Oeean;u"i,,,gul,,ris Mayer, Bulletin Museum Comparath'e Zoology, Vol. XXXVll. 1900, p, 7. Medusa with straight, sloping sides, and with a rather sharply constricted apical region, somewhat lens-shaped. Marginal tentacles 16, with large hollow basal bulbs, the tentacles rather short and abundantly supplied with mematocysts. There are also 1Ii rudimentary tentacles and 32 otocysts, 2 between the bases of each two rudimentary tentacles, each otocyst with a single otolith. Manu brium rather long, quadrate in form, and with four-lolled mouth. Ontogeny unknown. Colrm.-J3ases of tentacles greenish, distal portions brownish, gonad~ ofturquoise tinge. Diiltribution,-Newport., R. 1. (May~~r). EPENTHESIS McCrady (1&57). Epenthesis folleata MeCrady. 1'1. V, fig. 3. Npe",~!lc>!6{.f",:tel'M JkCmdy~ Pmeec Famjly JEQUORElDlE. KEY TO 'raE (}]i:XERA. A. Radial canal.' 8 or more, often lobed or forked near pr RALOPSIS A. Agassiz (lH6a). Ha.lopsis ocellata A. AgllF!'iz. ]JtlJupsb; occttata. A. Agag.~i-z! I'roeeedtngs Boston Bode!.)' Natural History. Vol. IX, lSfu1-, p. 211): North Ameeiesn Aealepnse, lSf5fi! p. 99~Hae{'.kel. Systum der Medu~en. p, 217, 1879. Bell law and evenly archeu, a or 4 times lIS broad as high. Tentacles vpry numerous and capable I.d g-reat contraction ami extension with nnmerous alternating cirrl. Radial canals 4 in young speci mens, increasing from It to 20 in adults. Otocyst!' large and numerous, composed of double rows of otoliths, and symmetrically disposed alm]g the margin of the IwJl. Manubrium very short. with four 10be!:1 mouth. Gonads form elongate masses along almost. the entire length of the canals. Agassiz has noted the occurrer-ce of double manubria in specimens of this form, particularly where there is an extension of the gastric pouch in one plane of till.' medusa, attributes this appearance to a tendencv to or "beginning of transverse fission." This inference seems to me hardly warranted without clearer evidence of such fission among medusa, I have occasionally found the same appear anee in smaller medusro, for example, ()(omnia hmgtlidu and G(I!1:i(J'IlClIIU8, in which so far as. 1 um aware rhere has never been noted any tendency to fission. (i. T. Hargitt bas found frequent examples or such double manubria and mouths ill individuals undergoing regeneration of exeised parts, (Cf. Biological Bnlletin, Vol. I V, p. () et seq. ) c\ga"si;~ has made observations upon the development of this species. (Cf. Procoedmgs Boston ~ociety Natural History, voj. IX, p. 219.) lJi8tl'ilmlioli.-J\ahant, ~lasB., Bay (Agassiz). This medusa has not been taken at Woods Hole recently, nor elsewhere in the southern part of the region, so far as known to me. BTOMOBRACHIUM Brandt (18:38). Stomobrachium tentaculatum L. Aga!'siz. Sfomobrw·hiu.w, tr:-n/(f,C~il(itu.m 1•. Agas:-tlz, Contrtbnuons to Natural History of 'Cnited SLutes, Vol. IV, 1.%2, I'~ :ltil. ~\_ A.g'u!,:.,giz. North Ameriean Acalephre. ll'liW-, p. 98. Hucekel, SysteDl der Ml'(~as-eHJh.;7!Jo, 1'. 2'24. Bell low, evenly urched; radial eanal» 12, g-astrie portion of manubrium very Hat, mouth with .} rather triangular lobes which are variously frilled 01' folded. Tentacles very numerous, but short aud devoid of any considerable contraction or extension. Gonads linear in form and dispol'l:' RHEGMATODES A. Agassu (181)2). Rhegmat<>destenuis A. Agassi». Text cut. Rh'JJ1Jiai.otj,. A. AglLS"iz, in L. Agassiz ContributiollS to Natural History of l:llit\~l State,. Vol. IV, 1~1.p, 361, Rbeg"t(>.tO, p, 95. Haeckel, System del' Mednsml, p, 220, 1879. Bell very low and flat with evenly rounded exumbrellar surface. Radial canals numerous, fmm~:lO to 4{}or more in mature specimens;mOiltly simple, but exhibitingnumerous variations, as spurs, anasto mosing branches,etc. Marginal tentacle>; numerous andevenly diEpoeed., rather filiform and capable of 52 BULLETIN OF THE nUREAUOFFIElHERIES. great contraction, during which they are often characteristically coiled, and with a broader base, above whieh Is a tubular.'spur-like fiap; numerous rudimentary tentacular bodies interposed between the long tentacles. Gonads in double-linear series along the COUr8e of the radial eanals,extending from slightly beyond the gastric cavity to about the same distance fromthemarginal canal. Manubrium almost lacking, gastric pouch very .fiat, mouth a simple crinkled rim about-the edge of the gastric poncho Otocysts numerous and variously interposed between the bases of the tentacles. . In general habits this medusa is sluggish, swimming lan guidly by only irregularly intermittent pulsations of the bell margins. The velum is but poorly developed. It varies in size from 25 to 'i0 mm., the average. being about 40 to 50 mm. Ontogeny wholly unknown. DiJltrilmti(JIl.-Not uncommon throughout the region, but very erratic. During the summer of 1900 it was very abundant at Woods Hole; in 1001 it was entirely absent: in 1902 a very Rhel}'lnatode. tenui•. few specimens were taken. lEQ,UOll.EA Peron &: Lesueur (1809). .2Equorea albida A. Agasslz. §;qlwrca albida A. AgaOlSiz, in L. Agassiz Contributions Nat\1ml Hist ZYGODACTYLA Brandt (1838). Zygodactyla grcenlandica (Peron & Lesueur). Merill.,a !l'QllVl·ea. Fabricius, Fauna gra,ul/iudiea. 1780, p . .364. "f}l'wrra [Jrmu",,,riica Peron & Lesueur, Tnbleau des Meduses, etc.. in Annules dn Museum, Vol. XIV, 18®, p . .'139. Z!I[Jotlacl1I1a [Jrfrnloll THE TRACHOMEDUSJE. PErARID.£.-Radial canals 4;.manubrium without peduncle, mouth usually simple, occasionally 4 flmbriatedJobes; .gonads variously folded or undulating, suspended beneath radial canals. Tentacles numerous, usually solid. Otocysts variously distributed between bases of tentacles. 'J'RAeRYNE~fIDff~.~Radialcanals 8; manubrium long, devoid of peduncle, with mouth Iour-lobed. (;'Quads 8, bornebeneath radial canals, Sensory organa, otocysts with central otolith. AGLAURID. Family Pb'TASHl.-E. A single genus under this family comes within this region-namely, Oonioncmve, which was by Haeckel referred to the caunotid Leptomedusa- (d. System der Medusen, p. 146). Later and more detailed knowledge hlth of the structure and life history of Ooni.onenH!S has dearly demonstrated its trachynernid affinities. Whii« it does 110t easily come within thecurrent limitations of the Petasnlre, the genus seems most closely related here, and it appears upon the whole better to enlarge the scope of the present family than to establish an additional one. . GONIONEMUS A. Agassiz (1862). GonionemuB murbachii Mayer. PI. VI, fig. 1. a o-onion.en-litlB oertcn« A. ",;\gus...tz, N-ort,}J American AcaleplH.e:: Jg{~). p.1~;"ill Contribntions Natura.l History Un.ited SIil,tes, Vol. IV. 1862. p. 350. GOrl-ftn.l::'rna ueriens Haeckel, System del" Medusen, 1879, ft. 147. Goni01lCm,u8 'Jiluroochii .Mayer, Bulletin Brooklyn Institute Arta and Rdenees, Vol. I, 1901, p. ;J.. (;mdonem,f!: nwrbachH, Yerkes, American Journal of Physiology I VoL VII, 1902, p. un. Perkius, Johns Hnpkinse-nircmity Circulnr. May, 190'2, < 'I'his species was first deseribed by A. Agassi r. in 18fi2, from the Pacific coast. In 18% a specie; was found at Woods Hole and supposedly identified with the Pacific species by Murbaeh, hut it has since been classed as a distinct species by Mayer. . (ionimu;rf1us ml,!rbachii may be characterized as follows: Bell somewhat. "lei'S than a hemisphere, though in early life, and even in many specimens approaching maturity, it is almost if not quite hem ispherical. Manubrium rather short, seldom extending" to the velum, quadrangular in shape, with 4 prominent 111ld delicately frilled oral lobes, Radial canals 4, tbough Ulany specimens are found with 5, 6, or even 2 and ~-l. (Cf.paperon Variation in Hydromedusre, by writer, Biol, Bull., Vol. II, 1IlO2.) Gonads extending under radial canals in undulating folds. Tentacles numerous, 50 to 80 or more in Iuny developed specimens, and with prominent basal bulbs of brownish color delicately tinged with bright green. Each tentacle with a prominent suctorial pad near the tip,at which point the tentacle often presents a sharp knee-like angle. Sensory bodies, or OtOCY8t8, each with a central otolith, vaTi ously distributed between the basesof thetentacles, Ontogeny...-The life history and devekiplmmt of this medusa has recently heell worked out with mueh.care byH. F. Perkins; who has thus shown thatthere is a well-defined, though lowly organized 'hydroid generation, from which presumably, the medusa- are derived by asexual budding. C9lor.-Bell transparent, rsdial eanala and gonads yellowish-brown, manubrium brownish. DiJltnbution.-Chiefly in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven.and adjacent waters, aThe figureis fault)" in some respects, hut I> better substitute wasnutavailable. 56 Bl1LLETIN of THE Btl'REAU Aglantha conics Hargltt, Text cut. Aglanttw. comca. Uargitt, Biological Buflertn, V..,L IV, 100'~, p. 21. Bell high, with ratbersherpupical projection which i., lj'lightly eonstrletedatItabase in IDlUlY specimens. Bell walls rather firm, and when compressed tending to wrinkle longitudinally, acondi tion which often appears also in'preserved specimens. Manubrium long and pendulous, though notreachingthe velumrpeduncle gelatinoUll; gastric porrion much as in the preceding. species, as, indeed, are other general characters, Radial canals 8, extending the length of the peduncle, Gonads 8, cylindrical and suspended from the upper portion of the radialcanals. Velum well devel oped and the chief, if not sole, organ of locomotion; movements quick. and erratic, the medusa; darling with arrow-like swiftness through the water. Ten tadps apparently numerous, but mostly lacking in the specimens taken, not withstanding the effort to distinguish them on living specimens, Those present rather short and blunt. No marginal organs (otocysts) distinguished even in Iiving specimens. In many respects the specimens resemble very much the preceding.species and were at first taken for the young. A comparison as to. siZ'l and sexual Aglnniha coniea, maturity, however, seems to show undoubted specific distinctness as.elsewhere pointed out. Average size from 5 to 6 mm. high by about talf as wide. Ontogeny entirely unknown. Cblo-rs.-Bdl very transparent, with only the slighest irrideseenceby reflected light. Di...tribution.-Taken chiefly off Nantucket; in fewer numbers at another time off Chatham, Mass. Collections were made with the open net atdepths of from 12 to 20 fathoms. August. ¢ Family GERYONID,.J:. KEY TO THE'GENERA. 1. 'l'hree centripetal canals between ~eh pair of radials ' c •• :• ...... Liriop« 2. One centripetalMIla! between each pair of radial" , Glo,soeooon LIlUOPELe88on (1843). Liriope scutigera McCrady. L·;"';ope lICUligcra McCrady, Proceedtnga ElltottSoniety of Natural History, Vol. I, 1857,1'.208. lArianlha "ctdigera Raeekel. System der Medll.,en. 1879,p, 287. Bell hemispherical, with thick walls. Radial canals narrow, 4 in number. Manubrium very long, extending Jar beyond the margin; mouth simple, devoid of lobes; lips small, fringed with nematoeysts, short gastrostyle protruding from the mouth, Tentacles long, hollow, very flexible, and with neniatoeysts arranged in definite rings. OtOCYb't8 4. each with a club-shaped organ. Gonads flat and spindle-shaped in outline, disposed beneath the radial canals. Ontogeny unknown. ,DiJJtriblltion.-Newport, R L (Fewkes) . Liriope cerasiformis Lesson. PI. V, fig. 4. Liriape =o.t Marginaltentades 4 on :\dult specimens; youngerspecimens often with well-developed interradial tentacles, the gradual disappearance of which is easily traceable in a series of specimens of hwreasing ages. Nematocysts of tent~les disposed in regular annulations with intermediate perfectly' smooth spaces. Manubrium long, extending.far beyond the velum; gastric portion rather short !lJld bell shaped, with slightly quadrate oral lips, beyond which protrudes the pointed gastrostyle, Gonads flat and heart-shaped, and Jisposed about midway beneath the radial canals. Ontogeny wholly unknown. OoWrs.-Bell quite transparent,gonads and manubrium dull whitish in formalin spec/imeus. /n$tribution.-Region of the Gulf Streain,takcn in -sur face tow. GL0880CODoll Haeckel (18&4). GI08SOCodon tenuirostris (L. Agassiz). Text cut. LiT'iope tenuirostri« L. AgaB'liz, C{)ntributio1l8 to Natural History of Unit~d States, Vol. IV, 1802. :1(.',. aklJl8oC So far as I am aware. only two, or at most three, families of this order are represented in thi;; region. and these by very few species. Diagnostic characters of the families are given below, but IlO keys to the genera will be necessary as in families of larger numbers. Family CUNANTHID£. Wide, pouch-like radial canals, which connectby double peronial canals with the marginal canal. Otoporpre on the bases of thcsensory bodies. CUNINA Eschscholtz (1829). Cuninadiscoides Fewkas. CU>t'na discoid£A! Fewkes, Bulletin lduseum Comparative Zoology. Vol. VIII. 11lS1, p.I61• . Medusa flat, Iens-shaped, transparent.with smootbexumbrella. Tentacles 14, stiff, ~lid, and usually carried at right angles to the vertical .lineof hell. Manubrium vervemall or wanting. Otocysts locatedon the lower margin of theeollar-likestrneture called by Fewkes the subumbrella.· lJic8tri1n~ti{)n.-Occasionallyfoundat Newport. This account is condensed from Fewkes'B descrip tion, the medusa being unk!l0\\'ll to me. 58 BULLETIN OFTItE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. No radial canals or gastric pouches, hut peronial (;anal present. Otoporps- as in preceding, Family iEGINID£. Double peronial canals connectingt.he gastrk pouch with themarginal canal. interradial pouches present. Otoporpa- lacking. lEOINA Eschsoholtz (1829!. .2Egina. pachyderma (A. Agasaiz ). Text cut. {!(J/ftlpa1Wllal)(M~hydermaA. .Agussiz, NorthAmertcan Acalepha-, lS65;fi~ ;")Z. /EfJinapnchyderrna Heec-kel, Sy!.;-t,(~l'll der ~fednsen, 1879, p. 389. Bell somewhat conical, slightly broader than high, 1.5 mm. by 1 mrn. Marginal tentacles 4, rather long and arched, with numerous dus ters of nematocysts, and with ocellate spots 011 the bnlbous base of each. Manubrium well del'eloped, conical in shape, and with plain mouth, gen ital pouches 8,8)"II1metrical]ydisposed about the manubrium base, Radial and marginal canals well defined. ColOl'.-Bell dull yellowish, with darkerspotsscattered overthesurfaee: ten tacle basis brownish red. Di,lI'il,lIliOJl. -Kahant, September (Agassiz). I havelIot seen this me Family SOLMARlD,~. ?\t) marginal or peroniul canals; sometimes radial canals or modified radial canals. Otoporpre alJAPn1. SOLMARIS Haeck411 (J87H). Solmaris tetranema Hargitt, Text cut. Solma","i.s Haeckel, Bystern der Medusen, lS79, p. ass, 80lmariB teironcm«: H"rg'tt. Biologicn l Bulletin. VoL IV. Hm. I', lR. Bell flat, disooi«], about three times broader than high, \l mm. by 8 mm. Exuinbrellar SUT face convex, of firm consistency, and with a soft, flexible collar region indefinitely marked off from the fanner. Medusa without circular or peronial canals. V('lUlUfairly developed. Gastric pouches 8"lwJ.Ti.lelranema. small, and without distinguishable radial canals. No signs of gonads present. Tentacles 4, of similar size and inserted high upon the Rides of the bell, terminating proximallyiusharpinwardly directed ends; tentacles stiff over proximal half, but attenuate and rather flexible distally, the eudodermal cells in this regiou seeming much lesscrowded than proximally. Alternating with these primary tentacles were whatappearedfo be 4 undeveloped or rudimentary .tentaeles, At first these were thought to be assoeiated with sensory bodies, but the absence of otocysts or-similar structure seems to indicate their teutacular uature. A singlespeeimen was obtained near the Gulf Stream and hall the appearance ofiLllmalurily; being also somewhat damaged, accurate.detennlnation was not praetieable, yet 1 have proposed·fnr i.t the provisionalname "Idrmrema," 'iudieative of the number of tentacles, MEDUS..EO};' WOODS HOLE REHION. SIPHONOPHORA. Almost, if not all, the members of thisorder likely to be taken in the Woods .Hole region are indo dental rather than integral faunal factors, borne hitherby tropical currents or prevailing winds from seaward. The proximity of the Gulf Stream and it",general course are undoubtedly the most domi nant influences in transporting various subtropical faunal elements to these waters. The following synopsis furnishes hardly more than a convenient check list of speciee ofwhich I have been able to find records, and only a comparatively few of which I have personally taken during the more than ten years of observation and collecting within the region. The order Siphonophora comprises three fairly distinct suborders or sections. IhsCONscr.£. With discoidalpneumatophore, but devoid of nectophores or bract". VELELLA Boac (1802). Velella. mutiea Bosc. l"eleUa mutiro- Bose, Histoire Nnfurelle des Vern, Tome 11, 180'2, p. li11.\. L. Agu...asiz, ContrihntiOtlR Naturnl Hixtory Untted Stuti..~.s, Vol. Lv , 1862, p. 366. A. Agusslz, North American A-rJ.tlellhat1,]&'1.5,p. '216. Amu:ni8!a 11/.UliwHaeckel, Siphonophol'a Challenger Report Zoology. Vol. XXVIII, ]!'&~. p, R.I. hId/« m.UtiNl Mayer, Bulletin MU8eum Comparative ZoolDgy, V"I. XXXVll, 1900,1'.71. Pneumatophore an elliptical or oblong disc, usually with an oblique vertical crest, and with numerous zooids suspended from its lower surface. Color of radial canals and manubrium often bril liant oehraeeous, Occasionally taken in Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay. and off Newport. .,~ PORPITA La.marck (1816). Porpita linnreana. Lesson. Porpita. tim",,,na Lesson. Histoirc Na.turelle des Zoophytes Acalephes, 1&13, P..',8\1. L. Agasstz, Contribution Natural History United Stilles, V"L 1\', ]8t2. [l. Stitt A. Ag.a."siz, N-orth American Acalepha-, IRe':'), IJ. :2.18. Mayer, Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoolog,', Vol. XXXVII, 1900, p. 72. Pnenmatophore a circular disc hut devoid of vertical crest, other wise similar in general aspect" to the preceding. DiBtribl.ltion.-OeGasionally taken at Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Newport, R. I., etc. CAL'iCONr';CT~E. "'ithout pnemnatoph OTB~" but wi 1h one or ruor« nectophores. DIPRYES Cuvier (lS11). Dipb.yes bipartdta Costa. Text cut, Diphyn bipartua Costa, Genere Diphya, 1840, p. 4. l>iphyes a~"",inat« Fewkes, Bulletin Museum Comparutive Z,",logy. Vol. VI. ]880, p.142. DIphyesbiJfaTtitaChun. Siphonophoren der.Kanartsehen Inseln, ]888; Siphonophoren der Plankton-Expedition, 1897,p. 24. Mltyer, Bulletin Museum Com paratlve Zoology, Vol. XXXVII, 1900, p. 74. This species if! widely distributed throughout the tropical Atlantic and not infrequently drifts into the bays of the regionIrom the Gulf Viphyc> biparid«. After Mayer. Stream. "Mayer records it as often taken at Newport in late sum mer. Specimenswere taken off the borders of the Gulf Stream during 1902. Figure 25, after ::\-layer, gives agood general impression of the shape of thiamedusa, but no figure can give theremotest idea of its delicacy or motions. 60 BULLETIN .OF THE 13 UREAUOFFISHERIES. DIPlIYOPBIi Hallekel (1888). Diphyopsis campanullfera Eschscholtz. Text cut. JJipkyC8 campannlifera Esehscholtz, System der Aealepheu, 1829, p. 1&7. Diph1l0P8is campanuli/era Chilli. Die Siphonophnren der Kallariwben Inseln, 1il8B~ Die Siphonophorender Plankton Experlition,lx!I7, p, 26. Mayer, Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoology, Vol. XUVII, 1900,[\. 75. This form is similar in general characters and distribution to the pre ceding. 'I'heaccompanylng figure, after Mayer, gives ani-lea of itsgeneral shape and size. Chnn regards it as an extremely variable species, both in the size and proportions of the colony. It is frequently taken in the deeper tows, particularly south of Marthas Vineyard and in the region of Nantucket. CUPULITA Qno,. " Gai.mard (1827), Cupulita cara (A. Agassiz). Nannmia cara A. Agassiz, Nortb American Acalephee, 186<\ p. 200. Agalma ek[/fJn8 Fewkes, (?} Report t', 8. Fillh Comrulssiou 1884, p. 964, 1886. Oup"rUa rara Chun, Die Siphonophoren der Plankton Expedition, 1897, p. 103. This is a large siphonophore, ora generally borealhabitat. The descrip tion of Agassiz (vide supra) is quite full, with good figures, including a180 aecounts of its development, which obviates the necessity of fuller details here. HIPPOPODIUi Qnoy & Oaimard (1827). Hippopodius luteus Quoy & Gaimard. Hippopodiu6 IUIewlQnoy & Gaimard. in AnTI/lIes des Science. NaturelJes, 'fome X, 1827, p.l72. Githa Iiippopu« Fewkes, Report D, S. Fish Commission 1&'\4, 1886, p. 963. Hippopodius luteu6 Chuu, Die 8iphonophoren der Plankton-Expedition, l~!I7, p, 34. Oocasionally taken within the region adjacent to the Gnlf Stream, but Dip"!!f'T'8i8 "m"pa"ulifcra. rarely, if at all, near to the coast. After Mayer. ANTlIOPHYSA Mertena (1829). Anthophysa formosa (Fewkes): Athorylriaj'ol'mvsaFcwkes, Bulletin MusewuComparativc Zoology, Vol. IX, 1882, p. 271 Anth'~]Jh.y.,,/orm(J8a Chun, Die Sipbonophoren dcr Plaukton-Expedltiou, 1898, p. 61. Thls specieswas first described by Fewkes from the Tortugas, and has not since been recorded out of that genel1tl region till reported by Chun (vide supra). Hreckel has described underthe name of .Anthophysa dar'uriJtii what is apparently the same species. During the summer of 1902 a single specimen of this interesting siphonephore was taken south of Marthas Vineyard. It agrees in general characters with the descriptions of bothFewkes and Chun. In size it is intermediate between the specimens they deecribedvbelng about 4 !DIn. -lu diameter, and about the samein height. MEDUS..E OF WOODS HOLE REGION. 61 SPHERONECTEB HlUley (185\J). SphlJilronectes gracilis (Claus). Text cut. •'fonophyes Il'.~ Clans. Schriften ZooIQgL,",ber Institut \Viell, 1874, p, 29. Di1'w1'h1/"" inermi~ Fewkes, Bnl1etin Museum Comparative Zoology, Vol. VI, 1881. 1'. 143. The figure given herewith will afford a generally sufficient means of identification. Fewkes reports the species from Newport, R. 1. Other than this I am not aware that it has boon found within this region. CYSTONECT..E. With large vesicular pneumatophore only, no uectophoros or bracts, PHYSALIA Lamarck (1801) , Physalia pelagica Bose. PhysaNapi'J:agiroBosc, Hlstoire Naturcllc des Vers, Tome II, p. 188, 180"2. Pltyso.lia drdhusa Tilesius, in. Krusenterns R(~18e, 181'2,p. 9L Phy.alia mml'clla Eschscholtz, System der Acalephen, 1829, p. 160. P.~?AmJj(J l'y·!tJ(lJrtJ.L811lliL....,gK, _.'IniIDD1J.:r:- sens Verte,bre.,;" 2d 8dHiDn, 1M), P. 92. Huxley, Oceamc Hydrozoa 11>.>9, p. lOG. Plty"alia aretnuso: L. Agassiz, Contributions to Naturu] History of the Ullited States, 1A621 p. 33,:'. Chun, Die 8ipbon{Iphor-en del' Plankton-Expedi tion, 1897, p. 89. This is, for several reasons, the best known of siphonophores. Its large size and conspicuous float, and long and numerous ten- tacleswith their powerful hatteries of nematocysts, have comhined Hl.h THE SCYPHOMEDUSlE. In general form) structure, habits) and distribution the ~c"yphoIl1edw;aj have much in common with the Hydromedusee and probably sustain a much closer relation to them than to any other of the ccelenterata classes. As a rulethey are of larger size, somewhat sluggish in habits, the margin of the umbrella is more or less evidently lobed, and there is usually a large manubrium which is provided with large < oral lobes, often complexly fimbriated or plaited. The body is also usually much thicker and more rigid than in the Hydromedusa-, and in some of the ord(lrs it is provided with a well-organized musoularsystem. As in the Hydromeduare there is usmdly a well-defined alternation or genera tions, though with notable exceptions in some of the orders) and in all there seems to be a tendency toward the suppression of the nonsexual stage, which is frequently quite inconspicuous and more or less temporary. In contrast withthis phase in the HydromeduSl.e, the metamorphism is usually more extended and arises differently namely, bya process of transverse fission, known as strobilization, the entire hodyof the polyp constricting into a series or segments which eventually become free larval BULLElTN os THIte BUREAU O}l' FISHERIES. jelly-fishe» known as ephyrlI'. These in turn pass by an insensible metamorphism directly into medusee, Direct asexual budding from the adul~ medusas is very rare in this class, though quite comrnonin the former. Here the medusa seems the pre dominant phase in the life history, while quite the reverse is frequently the case with the Hydrornedusre, where the hydroid is often large, long lived, and conspicuous, the medusa small, rudimentary, or entirely suppressed. The following morphological characters are usually sufficient for the distinction of the two classes: 1. Absence of a true velum. The velarium of the Cubomedusse' has important structural differences, though doubtless serving-essentially similar functions. 2. The sexual organs and products of entodermic origin. 3. Gastric filaments usually distinct. 4. Sense organs, when present, are perhaps modified tentacles, known as tentac ulooysts, or rhopalia. There are four clearly distinguishable orders of Scyphornedusee, characterized as follows: 1. STAlfROMEDl'S,E.-Vasifonn or subconieal umbrella. The medusa sedentary in some cases, attached by an aboral peduncle or stalk. Wholly devoid of sensory organs, hut provided with H tentacles or tentacular organs which serve as anchors. Stomach with 4 wide gastric pouches, which communicate with a marginal canal. Gonads ill fonr crescentic loops on the floor of the gastric pouches. II..P~;nmIEDe;,vE.--Umbrellamore or ]88S conical in shape and with usually a well-developed horizontal constriction which divides the body into two regions-van aboral, whieh often resembles very much the apical projection of many Hydromedusa-; and a basal or marginal portion, which is 8 or 16 lobed and bears tentacle8 and rhopalia. Stomach capacious, with '1 gastric pouches which are separated by narrow septa and extend into a circular sinus. Gonads much as in the former order. Ill. CUUOMEDFS£.-A distinctively quadrate bodyor umbrella, which is provided with a definite velarium supported at the radial angles by thickenings or frenulre, Marginal tantaeles 4, interrarlially disposed, theirbases often provided with wing-like expansions known as pedalia; rhopalia 4;perradially disposed. IV. DISCOMEllUS.'E.-A shallow. or disk-shaped, eight-lobed umbrella. Marginal sense organs 8, per- and interradially disposed about the margin. Tentacles often very numerous. Manubrium frequently large and with pendulous oral lobes variously plaited ior crenulated. Rtoruach usually large, with 4. to 8 or more gastric pouches, within which the sexual organs are horne in gsstrogenital pockets. The medusre of this order are often of large size" many specimens of Oyanea reaching a diameter of :) to 4 or even 6 feet and having tentacles of 50 to 60 fed or more in length when fully extended. The average size, however, even in this genus, is generally much smaller. By far the greater number of Scyphomedusa- are members of this order, as will be seen in the following list. of genera and species found within the"region under discussion; and this is true of other regions as well. • STAUR.OMEDUSlE. Tl!l88ARlM;.-Margin of umbrella devoid or lobes or anchors, apex attenuated into a hollow stalk, which ill certain genera serves as a means of attachment; tentacles 8, 4 of whicharc perradial and 4 interradial. Sofar as known to mel no representativea ofthis family come within this region. LucERNARnDlI<~.-Mllrginof umbrella definitely lobed,each lobe terminatingin 3. tuft of delicate, knobbed tentacles. Exumbrella attenuated atthe apex Bean organofattachment; margin ofumbrella with 8 tentacles, arranged as in the preceding family, but in some cases modified as anchors-. MEDUSiE OF WOODS BOLE REGION. H3 Family LrCERNAl{IID£. KEY TO THE -GE:NKILL .-L Vt1':fthout. gnstrogenttal pocket,..s in the suburubrellur wall of the fadiullHliwht':o<. 1. ~.:mbrd la with 8 marginal unehors . . ... , _JlaUd]ip.tu~ 2. Cmbrt"!J1a without ruarginul anchors. . ~ ~ 4. _ _ •• ". ~. ~ ••• _ ••••• ~ _ •• " . _... ~. ~ ~ .Luccrnari« li-,-'Vith 4 perradial gnstrogellitnl por-kets in the suburnbrellar wall of the 4 radial pouches, 3. Margin of umbrella with 8 anchors <0 ...... •••• 11"licy"thus RALICLYSTUS Clark (186:». Haliclystus auricula Clark. Text cut, lla.{.iclll.stu« 1...1:uriculn Clark, Jonmn.l Boston Society Narurn.liHlstor;', YuL V'l l , 1863, p.r);1~l; A. Agct~~i?" North American A('alephrr.l~6[jrp. U;{; Lucernarise and Their Al.lies, lSi~< p.l;~. in Smithsnuiun (jontribntiona to Knowledge, Vol. XXUr. HaBeke1, b'y,tem dor Med uscn, 1~79. p. 389. l{ati~'l?jst-ulS prinuua Haeckel. Prodromus :';';y,~t{!ma' 'Mt~du-...-.arum< 1877, "So. 37h. Tmbrella octangular to pyramidal, stalk quadrate, upproxi mutely as long as the lx-ll height: 8 arms, arranged in pairs; 4 perrarlial sill uses, broader and deeper than the 4 interradials, each arm with from 100 to 120 tentacles: S large marginal anchors, Size, broad diameter, 20-:'\0 mm.: height, including stalk. about the same. (·IJI"r.~.-\'ariable, «iten including every tint of the spectrum. Usua]]y, however, the color i8 simple. Dislribution.-Massachusetts Bav northward. Haliclystus salpinx Clark (l8H.3). ll(l.lictY"~!1LR u.nrif"1:hr., After A. Ilalidystu-s saApi11.J' Clark, Journal BORt-on Society Natural Htstory, Vul , VII, l)o;(i3\ p. ;~!~:.3-. A. Agassiz, North Amertcan Acalcplue, lSOti, p. tl4. Huer-kvl, AguK'4iz. 8ystenl der MednsGTl, lA79, p. 3M. Umbrella oetangular, stem quadrate to prlsrnatic and provided with -l interradial longitudinal llJUSCleR. Eight arms symmetrically disposed, each with a t.uft of tlO-iO tentacles, Marginal anchors very large lind about as long as th.... tentacles. Di.,tTilmlio".-Chiefly northeastern Atlantic coast. LUCERNARlA O. F. Muller (177(». Lucernaria quadricornis O. F. Muller. Lucrrnoria quadrieorui« O.F. Mullerv Prodrornus Zoologia De.ntca, 1771t 11. 8H.N~ Fauna Lirtoru.lj~Korvrgla:,184.11-. L Agll$•siz, Contributions Natural History United Btares, Vol. IV', p, 17[;, 1~2. Clark, Jonrn-a! BO'''-(.(Hi S(.('it>iy Natural History, VoJ. Vll, 1~6,1, p.552. A. Agassiz. North American Acalepha-, p, 62. ]81>5. Il!H"'kel, f'.yst,·mdor Medusen, lS79, p. :1;)0. Umbrella flat funnel-shaped to quadrate pyramidal, abolit twice as broad as high. Stalk cylin drical, single-chatnbere.Labout as long as the hell height and with 4 interradial longitudinal musclea. Eight arms, arranged in pairs; the 4 perradial sinuaes of the bell margin as broad and deep aii the 4 interradials; each arm with 100 or more tentacles. Diameter of um brella about fiu mm.; height, including stock, slightly greater. (}o!m·s.-Variable, gray, green, yellowish-brown to reddish. Di,' RALICYATXUS lIaeckel (1&79). Ralicys.thWJ lagena Haeckel. Lucemaria aurieula jo'abri PEROMEDUSlE. Only a singlegenusof the Peromedusai is known to come wiihin the limits of this region, and that but rarely, specimens beingdrifted in currents of the Gulf Stream. Ueneric character,q.-UmbreJla with 4 perradial, buccal pouches and with 4 basal funnels; gastrio pouches with 2 rows of filaments. PERIFlIYLLA Steenstrup (1837). Periphyllahyacinthina Steeustrnp. Pcriphf}U{J. hY(tci1dhina Htl:lenfoltrup, -AntI\- MURei Hafniensis, 1837. Haeckel, Systemae der Meti'UiSel1~ l~7t}~ p. 41R Fow~e~ Report U. s. FiBh Commission 1&>4, p. [1,'l,1. Umbrella bell-shaped; the 8 tentade lobes with about the same marginal dimensions as the rho palial lobes. Length of tentaeles about twice the bell-height. Manubrium extending to base of the marginal lobes, and about twice as broad :L9 long. CbloT,~.-gxumbrella reddish, pedalia and marginal lobes red to violet, tentacles bluish (Haeckel). Di.~tribui'ion.-Greenland (Steenstrup) ; Gulf Stream south off Marthaa Vineyard (Fewkes). Periphylla humilis Fewkes, 1'f:rijJhllUa h,w/,ill. Fewkos, Report U. S. Fish Commission 1884. !" Il'Jl. Umbrella II)w, conical, diameter twice that. of height. Rhopalia 4, provided with protecting hoods. Marginal tentacles ]2, yellowish in color. Exumbrella brown, rough and opaque; central disk and corona usually uniform brownish, I}i.'ltributioll.~A8of preceding species. Periphylla peronii Haeckel, Ch.arlJbdca l>eriphylla L. Agassiz, Contrihntious Natural History United States, Vol. IV, 1862. 1'. 173. Peronand Lesueur, Tableau des Meduses, 18D9,p, 332. vcum. Report U. S. Fish Oommisstou 11l71. p. 724. Per-lphylla penmii Haeekel, System del' Medu8en. 1879, p. 420, Umbrella low-conical, about as hroadas high. Marginal lappets 16, 8 tentacular and 8 ocular. Tentacles long and stont,abont as broad at base as the marginal lappets. Manubrium about as broad asIong, and somewhat cubical in shape. Di.stl'ilmtion.-Tropical Atlantic (I,.,4'l1.SSiz); Georges Bank (S. L Smith). CUBOMEDUS.iE. Of the Cubomedusse only a-single family has represeutativesdn thiaregion, sofar as lam aware, and ofthis but a single geuus and specieecccurs. Other examples arelikely to {)Ceur, however, under favorable circumstances. MEDUSlE OF WOODS HoLE REGION. 65 CJ:IABUDEA Peron ~ Lesueur (1800). Cha,rybdeaveJ:TUcolJa Hargitt. PI. V, fig. 5". Ch4rylxLea.verru<»sa Hargitt, AmeneauNatumllst. Yol. XXXVI, July. 100'2, p.li-T.!. Several speehnens of this species were taken by the author at 'Woods Holt. in the summer of HlO1 and were briefly described (vide supra). The following are distinctive characters: nell ovoid in outline as seen in profile, cuboid as viewed from either pole. Size 4.....5 mm, in heightby 2-3 nun. in width. Surface of hell dotted somewhat irregularly with light brownish, warty clusters of nematocysts. Rhopalia 4, perradially located and set in rather deep pocketaarched by protecting hoods. Tentacles 4, interradial, spindle-shaped, and deeply annulated. Velarium well developed, but. devoid of any distinguishable canals and supported by frenulre on the inner llerra(lial cornersof the subumhrella, Gonads undeveloped in the specimens, which were likewise without distinguishable gastric filaments. ColfJr.~,-Ughtamber-brown, with deeper brown on the tentacles. As pointed out in the original description, the specimens show many contrasts as compared with to 1ypi<',a1 species of Charybdea, This may be due in part to the immaturity of the specimens, lIS already suggested, Mayer has described a similar species from the Tortugas which he likewise considers immature, and he makes the same suggestion concerning a somewhatsimilar form described by Fowkes, This assumption may in a measure account for certain of the negative charactersnoted, hut it, has seemed to me doubtful whether it adequately accounts for all. In the absence of specimens in sufficient numbers to warrant a decisive determination, however, the matter must of necessityrest where it is for the present. Two species described hy Mayer from the Tortugas-namely, Charyodea auri(cmalld c. purwtuta were based on single specimens, which, ht:'ing regarded as immature, R.S above mentioned, leaves the same doubt a" in reference t,j c.,.·crrnCimo.. A comparison of Mayer's description and figure>'! (d. Bul. Mus. Cor». Zoo!., XXXVII, No.2) will show many points of similarity, though at the same time evident points of difference. DISCOMEDUSlE. CANNOST()M.,K Disoomedusa- with simple quadrate mouth. devoid of oral .lobes or tentacles. Marginal tent.at:les short, solid. EpHYRIIl"E.-Hadial pouches usually 16, broad and aimplu; no marginal canal, Cllidly del'p-s('a Iorms, though o...casionally taken at the surface. LI~ERGlD,¥..-Radialpouches broad, termillating in numerous branching, blind distal canal», SEMOSTOM1E. Discoineduee withquadrate month and with elongated oral arms or lobes which are often corn plexly folded and frilled. Marginal tentacles hollow, often very long. Marginal lobes of umbrella usually 8. lTLMA\uu,.E.-Radial canals of small size, but usually numerous and branching. the hrauche« often anastomosing into an intricate network ami finally unit.ing with a definite marginal «ana L CL\SKllU:.-Ra11iul canals broad and pouch-like. and with numerous blind, lobular "ll.nals; no marginalcanal, ?>larginal lobes 8-16, rarely more. PEL.HilIJ),1C,-Hadial canals rather broad and pouch-like, hut simple and without ramifying branches: no marginal canal, Marginal lobes usually }6. RHIZOHTOMlEo Discomedusee in which the mouth earlybecomes more or less overgrown and obliterated hyth« 8 root-like oral anus, into which the gastric cayi~ extends. Openings to the outer surface t hrough various funnel-like mouths on the edgesand surfaces. Thereare no marginal tentacles. TonuMID"E. __Radialcanals 8-16, narrow and with anastomosing branches. .Marginal canal ubsent. Rhopalis 8-'16. Suctorial funnels on the outersurface of the oral arms. PrLEMIILK-Hadial ('anals8-16, occasionally more, variously branching awl anastomosing. Rhopalia 8. SuetorialIunnele on both inner and outer surfaces of the oral arms. Drawn br H. H.nig"]"w. B. B.Y.19001--5 66 BULLETIN of THE BllRRAlJ OF FISHERIESo Family EPHYRlDiE. KEY 'J'(} nu: GEXEmA. L Gona.d,; 4. lobnlar pouches 16,8 ocularand 8 tentacnlur , ...... •...... n"'O'yluCfl 2. Gonads 4, simple, horseshoe-shaped: marglnal Iobe IIHl'2 ,.' , , ...... ••.Eph-yroidcs 3. Gounds 8, symmetrically disposed; lobular pouches 16, ocular...... , , ..NaUSU/Wf 4. Gonads 8, symmctrieallydil!pO."'d; lobular pouchos 32, 16 ocular, 16 tentaeu! IT ' So,,,phomilp.i~ 5. Gonads H, arranged In pairs; lobular pouches 11llmerou , __...... ••; AI;Jllq BATHYLUCA Mayer (1900) , Bathyluca solaris J\1ayer. Bathliltwl.(lI"ri~ Muyer, Bulletin MUOlCum Comparative Zoology, Vol. XXXVII, 1(10(;, p, 2. Umbrella rather flat and thick, aboral surface dotted with batteries of nematocysts; marginal lap pets 24; tentacles 16, long and hollow; rhopalia 8; manubrium cruciform, simple, devoid of arms or appendages. Gonads 4, horseshoe-shaped; A snbgenital pits beneath them on the subumbral wall. Stomaeh large and with 16 ga."tric pouches, 8 of whichextend to the oenlar .lobes and 8 to the tentac ular lobes. Color,~.-Disk translucent, slightly bluish; clusters of nematoeysts dull yellowish-brown; tentacles slightly greenish. Distrilmlion.-);arragansett Bay, R. I. Condensed from ~\Iayer's description, which is the only record for this region. El'HYROIDES Fewkes (1884.) Ephyroides rotaformis Fowkes, EphJjroidc., )'a/aJarm", Fewkes, Heport,1.'. S. Fish Commission 1884, p. 919, Fewkes describes what he considers hoth a new genus and species. The generic characters are not definite, no mention being mad!' as to gonads, radial pouches, etc. The following description is condensed from the report above eited: Umbrella fiat discoid, and viewed from the aboral aspect comprises three zones-"discus cen tralis," "zona coronalis," "zona marginalia." The last-named zone is marked by definite marginal lappets of large size with rounded outlines twice as long as broad and 16 in number. Interposed between the lappets are a similar number of gelatinous elevatioIls-"soc]es"--<:,nding a short distance from the deepest point of the marginal incision of the discus centralis and zona coronalis, The mar ginallappets are supported at their base hy a pair of gelatinous socles. NAUSITHOE K{jlliker (18,')8). Nausithoe punctata Kolliker, XaU$it!we pttlldiltl' Kollik,'f, Z"i!sel1riit fur 'Wissen8ehiiftlicl1e Zoologi», Vol. IV, J8,~J, p. 328. L. Agassiz, Oontributfons Natural History United 8tatl~s, Vol. IV, 18fi2,PP_ 12'2, 167. Mayer, Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoology. Vol. XXXVII, 1900,1'.1\7. Reported by Mayer from the Bahamas and Tortugas, and therefore likely to be found in the Woods Hole region, though not yet recorded there. NAUPHANTOPSIS Fawkes (1884). Nauphantopsis diomedere Fewkes, N,wplw"topoi,' rlimnedci£ l"ewkes,Reporl IL B. F'ish Commis,lon 1&14, p, 944-946. From fragmentary specimens eollected by the Alba/toss in the Gulf Stream, Fewkes has described this genus and species as new. The following brief synopsis of characters -is taken from the report cited. Umbrella high disk-shaped, with somewhat vertical walls, as in LinergeB.ExuIl1brella divided into :\ central disk and a peripheral corona by a shallow eoronal furrow. Corona crossed by 32 radial Iurrows alternanng with same number of radial rounded.elevations, ?flal'ghJal lappets 32, rectangular in shape with rounded free angles. Tentacles 24, long lind flexible, arising from the incision between the margmal lappets. Rhopalia 8 cn. 1)!st1'lbmwn.~-Latitude 38,longitude69; depth 2,033 fathoms. 67 ATOLLA Haeckel (lS7g.). Atolla. bairditFewkes. AlnUn b"i,.d;i "ewk.." R"!,ort r. B. Yi"nColl)mi;;sion 1&'\4., p. \Y Linc'Yuu':. »iercurin» Haeckcl, System der lIpdU~('nl 1879, p, 4fJ:i. Fuwkos, Report I". S. Ftsh COlluniRSirm 18'71. p, ~);1(J. jlayeT, Bullet-ill Museum Comparative Zoolog-y. Vol. XXXVII, l~OO. p. 6,'\, Reported as very common in Straits of Florida by Fowkes, and by Mayer a8 abundant in the Baha mas aIHI Tortuuas. It.. or-currenee within our portion of' the Gulf Stream is therefore quite probable, though not yet recorded. Family ULMARIDJE. KEY TO THE GENEHA. I, Rhopalta x; tentade~ numerous, short, borne on under margin of umbrella outside the velar ll1ppCl-S .. ,. ~ ... _.A'1li'diu 2. Rhopalra H3; tentacles IHlrner0118, Ionjr, 111 ]6 clusters on the lower lrlRl'gin w.ithin the velar lllppet~., _"'.' Ph({{'clll'FjJhora AURELIA Peron & Lesueur (1S09j. Aurelia fiaviduia Peron <'10: Lesueur. PI. VI, fig. 2, aml text r.nt, Aureti« ;fhwfdu1a Peron ;.\; Lesueur. Tableau des .Met.in8(~", ·vk., lXOlJ,J:l. ;'-:"")9. LC."*I(Hi, Histoire Na-tureOi:' dl',''; Z.ool,hylf's Aeulc!,he:-:, 13-1.:), p. 376. JltX:!ll.,>("i aurit« Fabricius, FaUIJR (-iroeulandiell, ],;,loO,O, 1'· :Mm. Gould, Report III ve-rtebrates of ~la'''·~.;·ll."husetto.::.ll-;·ll, p. al~. j}Iedu,;:J.n.,.-fhuidubl Gou.ld, op. cit. ...4.ure,~ia. jln.l~idula L. Aga~~i;t;, Contrj·hutioBi".Xaturul Htsrorv l'llit-e·d 8t~lte:", Vol. IV, 11':'1'-;1. PJ). 51, Hili, A. Agft"!~iJ:. l'orth American Acalepha, ]&~\ p, 4'2. Haeekel, ;.;iy::- PlUCELLOPRORA :Brandt (1835). Pha.cellophora ornata. (V erri11). Ca!Unem" ornata Verrill. Ameriean Journal Arts and Scien"e_, 181>9, p.1l7. Annal' and Magazine Natural History, VoL IV. 1859, p. 160. PiIa"dlophora om"la Haeekel, Sr,tRnl der Med".ell, 1879. p. 643. Umbrella fiat and disk-shaped, rather thick and rounded aborally, the exumbrellaI' surfaee cov eredwith wart-like papilla-; walls transparent and with prominent radial canals which are of two sorts, one branching and anastomosing, the other simple and straight, each 16 in number. Margin with 16 10b<>-8 deeply incised, within the sinuses of which is located a prominent rhopaliurn. Tentacles numerous and of varying size and length, arisiugJrom the under surface of the margin beneath the circular canal Manubrium large and pendulous and with prominent plaited oral arms. Gonads 8, in prominent pouches within the gastric cavity. Specimens vary in size from 10to 18 inches in diameter, DistribuliOll.-Taken at Emrtport,Me., by Verrill and later by Fewkes, from wbosedescription (Bulletin Comparative Zoology, Vol. XIII) this account is chiefly compiled. So far 1I8 known tome the apecies has not been taken in the Woods Hole region, but, like others of similar range,its occur renee is not improbable. Family CYANEI n£. CYABEA Peron. Lesueur (1809). Cyanea. arctica. Peron & Lesueur; Ci/ane"nrctko Peron & Lesueur, Tableau des Medusee, etc., 1800, p.363. L. AgallSlz,(''olltribution~NatllrilJ l{lstor}' United Stnt"s. Vol. TV, ]BtV2, pp. 87, 162. A. Agngsiz, North American A,,,,Jephre, 186.\ p. 44. Haeckel.l'lyl Umbrella fiat and discoid, with a central aboral convexity; marginal lobes 8, with 16 or more see ondary lappets. ~larginal tentacles very numerous, in8 dusters composed of .several eeries ofrows, the tentacles very long. This is one of the ~est of OUrmOOll800, often reaching a diameter of several feet, and with tentades50 ieetor more in length when fully extended. The lltmnaeh is large, an-I there are normally 16g8iltric pouches, 8 OL'11lar, rather small and somewhat triangular, and 8 tentacular, much broader. The gonads are massive, extending the genital pouches into pendulous sacs hanging aboutthe margin of the manubrium, which is long and with complex oral arms hanging ill plaited folds within theeircle of tentacles. Cyanm, like Atlrelia, presents l1U1Uer(IUS variations, notonly in numerical and structural Ieature», but in color, size, etc.' . Coz,)r,~.~UmhreIla brownish to purplish, alternating with areas of 'transparency over the exurn brellar surface. Gonads yellowish white; tentacles variously colored, yellowishv.orange, brown. ]}istruYlLtion.,-AlmoHt the entire coast from Maine to NorthCarolina or beyond. This species is rather distinctively an arctic medusa, and is most abundant inearly spring, though occasionally occur ring in midsummer. L. Agassiz halldescribed two other speciesof Cyanen,namely, C./uM.'n and C versicolor, J have not been able to recognize any constant differences of sufficiently marked character to warrant the couelu sion of their specific distinctness. Collections made from a wide range of New England coast waters and southward to the Gulf Stream show every feature of lutergradation among these supposed species and the preceding so fully as to preclude any definite line of separation between them. It would seem doubtful whether they were even entitled to varietal distinction, so intimate is the blending of varietal characters among medusse takenwithin the same region. Family PELAGJIn.;f. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Marginal tentacles 8; marginal lobes 16 .• -. l'ela(fiu 2.hlargirud tentacle:"! 24; marginul lobes ~-\2 .: ~~ .. _ __0'" .-. _ •• _. ••••• _" ••••••• •• _ ••••• _. _< •••• __ • Cltlly&t-(l"J'll.~ 3. Marginal tentacles 40, less ill )'IIUng specimens; marginal Jobes 48 .. . 1>act!lhmu1rl1 Dt..CTYLOlIE'fllA L. AgasSiz (1862). Dactylometra. quinquecirra (Desor). PI. VII, fig. 2. Pela{JiqquhUfuecirl'li" Desor, Proceedings Boston Society Natural HiJ PELAGIA Peron &:Le&u&ur (1809). Pelagia cyanella Peron & Lesueur. PI. VII,fig. 1. Pela,tiI' C!/U1t£lla Peron & l",ell"ur, Tablea u des Meduses, etc., 1WJ. p. 349. Esehseholrz, System dcr Acalephen, 1829. p, 75. L:Aga!<\!iz. Contributions Natural History Ilrritod State", Vol. IV. 18ti2, p. 1(H. A. Agll""iz. North Ameriean A(~,UJpp}Hl\ 18G;"1, p, 47. HaecteL 8ystmu der Medusen , JH7!J l p, 507. Umbrella somewhat dome-shaped, or snbhemispherical; marginal lobes Hi, with 8 rhopalia and 8.teirtacles symmetrically disposed in the sinuses of the marginal lobes. Gonads 8, forming eonspiou OilS pouch-like masses within the gastricpouches of the tentacular radii. Manubrium large and pen dulous, with --I variously frilled oral arm" approximately as long HE the tentacles. Ool.ifrs.-Disk translucent bluish, sprinkled with reddish brown dots over the exumhrellar surface, though more numerous near the margins and along certain radial areas, and forming crescent-like loops on the marginal lappets: manubrium similarly mottled on the outer edges of the arms, inner edge" and frills delicate flesh colored: tentacles dull madder red to brownish red. Gonads pale pur plish. Like DaCf!/lomefrIJ. the color of PClngia is more or les.~ variable in different specimens. This is a rare medusa in this region, only tW0 specimens having been taken recently, both south ward from Marthas Vineyard in the region of the Gulf Stream. Distribution chietly pelagic. According to AgaBlliz (above citation ) the development of this medusa is direct, skipping the polyp awl strobila stages and transforming directly from the planula to the epbyra and medusa. ~ CTENOPHORA." "Yhile there continres to be widespread uncertainty as to the exact systematic relations of the ctenophores, there can he little doubtas to their more or less geneml relationship with the coelenterate phylum. hence their inclusion in the present synopsis. In general they may be considered free-swimming medusoid ccelenterates of pelagic habit, wholly destitute of the polyp phas« of the preceding classes, More over, there is lacking any tendency to a colonial habit, so characteristic of the pelagic siphonophores, budding or proliferousssexual reproduction being unknown among them. Ciliary locomotion, so characteristic a larval condition in the former group, continues throughout the entire life of ctenophores, though the cilia hecome greatly modified, appearing a", plates occupying definite meridional areas over the body. Tentacles may be entirely lacking, and when present. are but two in number and located on opposite sides of the body, in perradial planes, and capable of contraction within lat-eral pockets. Again, nematocysts, so distinctive a feature of the classes previously described, are wholly lacking here, though certain cells of the etoderm of the tentacles, known as adhesive cells, may possibly be regarded as homologous with them, and may aid in taking prey. The gastro\'Rscular system is well developed. The stomodeum, or so-called stomach, is usually large and opens above into th(~ principal cavity of the canal sys tem, theso~calledfunnel, 01' infundibulum. This divides into 8 terminal branches occupying.udradial positions at their peripheral extremities. The stomach and funnel planes of the bodyareat right angles, and comprise the perradial planes known, respectively, as stomachand funnel planes. There are no signs of gastral.filaments. The muscular sJ'stem is but slightly developed as sueh, though there are numer ousmu8Cular fibers intricately distributed through the mesogkea. Many of these fioors are curiously branchedand polyuueleated. "ThiilMCOUllt presents merely the briefest synopslsot the speetesIound wtthtn the MEDUSA: OE' WOODS HOJ,E REGION. 71 The nervous system, orrather tissue, seems ehiefly limited to the aboral pole and concentrated about the sensory body (otocyst 'n, whose function is probably that of equilibrium. In form the Ctenophora are for the most part ovoid, pyriform, or spherical organisms, of extreme delicacy of texture, making it almost impossible to lift a speci men from the water without its dissolving into a bit of formle....s slime. Oe8tus, or Venus's.girdle, is a rare exception to the usual shape 111 ready indicated. In this form the body is greatly extended in the atomach iplane and flattened in the funnel plane. Ctenophores are hcrmaphrodite.uhe gonads heing horne on opposite sides of the canals. Development is direct for the most part,in only a few cases tllhowiug meta morphic phases. The Ctenophora are distinguishable into two fairly well-defined sections, namely, those with tentacles and those without tentacles. or TENTACULATA.--With more or less evident tentacles, ~t leal,t during the earlier larval history. NO.KTENTAcCIk4TA.-Devoid of tentacles during entire life history. ·TENTACULATA. ORDER CYDIPPIl),F;. Body more or less spherical or cylindrical, with two simple or pinnate tentacles which are retrac tilt' within lateral pockets. Aboral pole without wing-like processes. Family MERTEXSIlll..£. Body somewhat compressed in the ga.~trie plane, suhtentaeular ridges longer than the snbgastric. !tERTENSIA Lesson (1843). Mertensia ovum (Fabricius}. Beroe m'ltin Fubricius, FuunaGroenlandlcn. 17-1'ill, p. :'~2. (Jydippt f)-man Eschschol tz, System d er Acalephcu, 1829, p. 25. Bcroc pilf~-u,'I"Seoreslry, Arcti« Rcgkons, 11''120. ~lItrlensia 3('o-rt.'dJHi Lesson, Hiatoiro ~utuTene des Zoophytes, Aealephes, 1,.,43. J[crtcntda ovu-m.. A. AgaBSh:, North Americs.n Aealepha-, 1,.;6<5, p. 26. Chnn. Die Ctcnorihonm tIer Plunkton-Expedittou, 1898.p. 10. • Body subspherical to pyriform, from H. to 18 nun. in diameter. According to A. A.ga.~siz this species is distinguished hy apeculiar whirling motion in swimming, lind by a distinct pinkish 1'0101'; body somewhat flattened. Only rarely taken at \V('or!s Hol(';eommoner northward. Family PLEUROBRACHIID£. Body pyriform to spherical; subtentaeular and snbgastri« ri.dges of about equal Iength, l'LEUROllltACRlA Flemming (1822). Pleurobrachia pileus (Fabricius). Beree piiellBFabriciUii, Fauna groenlandiea, 1780, p, 361. Flemming, History British Animal« lSZ,; p. 5(14. U!/'Uppel.ileu.l):sehscholtz. System dCTAcalepheu, 18....9, p, 24; Plenr"l))'(whin l.hododartyla L. Agassiz, M(Jmoirs Arueriean Academy, Vol. IV, 1849. p. 3H. P!euro!rra,,/Iir, pi/f'wl L. Aga.'lSiz. C(lUtributiOll' to Nutural Htstoryof the Unlt Very similar to the preceding sIJedes,si~-e]8 to 2t1 mIT!.; nearly spherical in form; tentacles long andfeatheredor pectinate; tbe 8 series of vibratile plates prominent One ofthe cmn1l1onestofour early ctenophores, as well as oneof the most beautiful and of a firmer texture than any others (~f this order, making it possible to preserve fairly well speeimeus.that have been properly killed. Distrilmtion.-(~hiefiynorthward, though common during early spring in Woods Hole andadjacent waters. OnD}}R LORATA. Body compressed laterally; that is, g1tstricplane longer than that of the funnel. Oral region with 2 lateral lol)(~, and with 4 auricles, Tl'nta(:les ill lateral furrows. -Family LESUEVRIID.,f. :\lal'ginlll lobes somewhat rudimentary, aur-icles long and ribbon-like. LESlJEURIA M. Edwards (1841). I,estteuria hyboptera A. AgllK~iz (1865). Lesneuria hllboptrra A. Ag"ssi7.. North American Acalepha-. 1!\f,[,. p. ~3. Chun, Die Ctenophoreu dr-r Plankton-Expedition. 1ll9R,p_ :12. Body large and nearly rectangular as viewed from the proad aspect. Aboral pole deeply pitted with sensory body at its bottom. Very transparent and highly phosphorescent. Somewhat Iikr :lfnemiop..~iJJ, though distinguishable by the greater flattening and by the rectangular aspect. DiBtrilmfion.-Newport, H. I., Woods Hole, Massachusetts Bay. Family BOLlNIH,E. Lobes of medium size, auricles short. BOLINA Mertens (1833). Boline. alata L. Agassiz. Uoli"" alala 1•. Agassiz. Memoir. American Academy Art~ and ticienees, Vol. IV, 184S, p. 34\1. Contributions to Natural History United States. Vol. III, 1800,p, 2&\. A. Ag:""",iz,North American Aealepha-. l&", p, lil. Chnn, Die (~tello, phoren del' PIankton-Expedttion. B98, '1', 22. Similar ingeneral Iorrn and size to Jfnnrdop.~i,~, but more distinctly compressed. Described by AgaBsiz lIB one of the commonest species in Massaehusetta Ray, it is, however, rather nirt~ south of Cape Ood, being seldom found at-Woods Hok-. Family MNEMI1ltt:. Lobes large and arising fmm about the level of the funnel, which is also the level of orig-in (}f the auricles, and these are long and ribbon-like. DE:MIOP818 L. Ag8UU: (18IJO). Mnemiopllia 1eidyi A. Agassiz. MllemilJ1)si~ lei<,/yi A. AgilS8i",. North American Aealephre, 1)(6,'>. p,~l(). Fewkes, BUlletin Museum Compara.tl\'e-Zoology, Vol. IX. p. 291. 'I'his is .one of our largest and commonest ctenophores.vspecimens often measuring 100 mm. or more in polar diameter by about half that width in narrow diameter. The marginal lobes are long and pendulous, extending far below the mouth level, As seen in profile the outline is somewhat triangular, specially when fully expanded. In contraction the lobes are curvedTnward, dosing tightly over t.he mouth and !,>1vingal1 oval outline to the animal. The.tentacles are. rudimentary in the iadnlt, though quite well developed in the young. MnemiflJt.tis is brilliantly-phosphorescent, emitting Budden tlashes-of light when disturbedat night by a dipping oaror other eause. (',ommoll throughout the region, andusually veryabundant. duringsnnunerand early autnmu. MEDUSA?: 01" WOODS HOLE REGION. 7:3 Bodygreatly elongated and ribbon-like. CESTUS Ltll1leur (181M. Cestus veneri.s Lesueur. ('{stUB '1.1f.:1l(;'t'';S Lesueur, Nouveau Bulletin {h.' ht :-;{~'iM(' Philomattqne, ]:",13, p. zsi, r:hun, Ctonophoren Phlnkl(IU·Exp(·dl~ ttou, 1891\. p. ~'(J. This is a ,Ustindinely tropical species an-I rarely found beyond a tTupkal ranw'. Jt. 1m" J)('<'ll reported by S. I. Smith from (;t',(,rgps Bank, and A. "\gl1El'iz ha~ reporu-d frl1gllleut~ nf a single speclruen fonnd at Xev,yol't, R. I. NONTENTACULATA. Ctenophora wholly devoid of tentacles. Only the order Beroidn, family B('roidte, ha» representatives in this regioll. The hod.y b ovoid, usually somewhat compressed laterally. Month .very large, opening iuto a capacious stomach. Radial Ganale with lateral 'and vuriously anasto uiosing branches. :BERGE :Browne, i 17(6). Beroe ovata Bose. Text cut, Itcro« fflJut.a Bose, Histoiro Naturel!c des VeTI', IF!O"2, p. 14-9. Fewkes, Hulletin MU~l"lnn COmp'trlltive Zoolog-)". VoL IX, p. 251. ldlliu tyoata Lesson, Histoirc Naturelle Zoophyte..-'8Aealephes, 1"4:-1, p, 13·:1. li1yi/JpM_,:.c ciarkii L. Agassiz, Contrtbutions Naturnl History United Stutes, VoL TIL lSt;.o, pp. 2-",~. 196. IdHiop,"i~ l1.tfin1...."i L. AgiL....oqiz, Contributions Natural HIstory Cnlted -Blu.:t,t;..s, Vol. Ill. lkt-.\ pp. 2>*S! 29(t One of our finest ctenophores. Body large, measuring 40--70 mrn. in polar diameter, with about half the width. Margins plain and capable of slight evagination or eontraction. Radial canals 8, extending to the margin and otherwise connected with numerouaanastornosing lateral branches. Ciliary areas prominent and of beantifulpinkish hue. Common at '''00d8 Hole in 19()], though seldom taken in any NHl siderable numbers. Beroe cucumis Fabricius. Beroe cucumls Fnhrtcius, Fauna Gncnlfi.nd=ic'a, 178tJ-, p. :161. R~{:hReh-()ltz,- System der Acalepheu, lit.-9.p. 36. Chun, Ctcnophoren derPlankton-Expeditluu, 18~, p. 'tH. Hf:)'(JC o1'al0•• lilyia borenli« I...esson, Naturnl History der Zooph:yte.~AeaJcphen,l84_3,_ fl. l3.j. Jlfi.li{[ arctie« Lesson. N:FlUn'ul-ni~tory der Zoophytes A('..I:\.lcr,};e~, HW~~. p. 13<1. Jdy-ia ro8to{a L. Agassiz, Contrtbnttons Natura] Hlsrorv t'nlted State... , -Vol. Ill, 1~li2, pp. 27n and ~90. Idy-la. _CUCt1.iU.~ A. Agl-lRSiz, North American Aefll{~phfe. 18G6.p.,%. This, like thepreceding, i~ a most beautiful ctenophore, of splendid roseate hue, varying in siz« from 1.5-20 rum. in polar diameter, with about half the breadth. In germra] aspects it is much like the preceding, though much smaller and more hrightly colored, Range, according to Verrill, from Vineyard Sound to Labrador. Reported by AgaBsiz hom eoasr of New England. Taken by the writer in lB02 off Crab Ledge, ncar Chatham, Mass. LITERATURE CITED. Only the more important citations of authorities are included in the following list: AGASSIZ, A.., Catalogue of North American Aealeplue. Cambridge, 1865. AHASSlz, A., aud MAYER, A. G;,Medu8 AGASSIZ, .L., Contributions to the Natural History of the United States, Vols. III and IV. Boston, 1800'-1862. ___ Memoirs American Ar~.demy of Arts and Sciences, 1849. ALLMAN, J. G.,A Monograph of the Gyrnnoblastic Hydroids. London, 1871. -'-_._ Numerous papers in Annals and Magazine of Natural History. AYREI;i, W. 0., Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 1852, etc. HilA Nwr, J. F.• Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium, ete. Aoademie Imperiale des Seicnees de St.- Petersbollrg, 1883-34. BROOKfl., \V.K., The Life History of North American Hydromedusn-, Boston, 1886. --- Studies from the Johns Hopkins University, V()1. IV, 1888. BROWNE, E. T., Variation in Aurelia aurita, Biometries, Vol. I, 1901.' C'AVOLlNI, FILlI'O, Memorie de Polypi Marini. Napoli, 1785. CHl.'N. CAI\L, Bronn's Cll18Benund Ordnungen des 'I'hier-Reichs. Leipzig, 1889-1900. --- Die Ctenophoren der Plankton-Expedition. Leipzig, lR97. -.-.- Die Siphonophoren MAYER, A. G., Medu.sre of the Bahamas. Memoirs of Natural Sciences, Brooklyn Institute of Ari~ and Sciences, VoL I, 1904. MCCRADY, J., Gyrnnophthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of Elliott Society Natural History, Vol. I, 1853-1858. }OIiiLLER, O.F., Zoologia Danica, etc., 178&-89. NU'M'HW, C. C., Hydroids of the Woods Hole Region. Bulletin n. B. Fish Commission, Wllshingtul1, 1901. PALLAS, P. S.,Elenchus Zoophytorurn, etc., 1776. PERON,}'., and LESUEUR, C. A., Tableaudes Me,lnses, etc. Anuales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. No. XIV, 180'J. BARil, M., Fauna Littoralis Norvegire, Christiania, 1846. SOLANm;a, D., Natural History of Curious and Uncommon Zoophytes. London, 1736. STEENSTIWP, J. J.,Uber den Generationsweehsel ... in den niedern 'I'hierelassen, 1842. STHIP80N, Marine Invertebrates of Grand Marian. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. VI, Washington, 1853. VERRlLL, A. E., Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound. Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1871. INDEX. The fol lowlria index n:fcrs chieBy to names (If faru i lics, KPtH~Nl, nud specie.s. Generic svnonyms H,f'l' printed in italies. Page. Pag-e. "EGIl allJidn...... 52 CORYMORrlJA .•. > ••••••• ".~ ••••••• ~ ••• '~'.""". 30..12 42, ,,] }EQl'ORElD.£ . .•.••.. ...•. . . pendula 0"' ¥ •• '< •••••• > :-;4 A.'l"lma . so C!01~y-n( _ ~." .• > ••••• ~~ •••• " 30 AGi,ANTIIA.•. __ •..•••..••...... __.. _ f..:e, CORYNITI:"l, ~_ _ ~~.~ .. ~ ... _ 41,4~ conies.. ~ •...... __ '_~"""" •. _ _.. ~. 56 a,gl:ls~izH ~. -.. . . 4'! c1igi!&liH.. . . 55 CTESOPJ-lOR,.L ...... •.• ~.~ .... 2S,70 ~'\GLAr.RA ...... •. ++ •••••••• _ ••••••• 5[) CeB01I'EDlfS.."C - ••• _. ~,. • ••••• ,...... 62. fi4 'ncmrstorna ~ _. . __ . ('s-'S A'Sj:1Y\"i1N~ . _.. ~ •.. ~. -'-'; ,'\(iLAtJRIJ.I}E. _"."' ~~"'."""."" .••• _••••.. _.. _•• ~ •. CU:Ke';:·A . ~.fr •• _ ••••• -~.".".".'.~ r,7 Ampliineuus ~_ .. ~, _. _.. _.. + •• __ ••• __ +.~~._ 35 rliseoidps . _. -- _"'. ~ ~. :'.7 ANTHOMEDCS,'f:. __ '" _. .• A""."". + ••••••••• ~ ••• 28,2\1 Ct~rt:uTA... .~ ...•... ~.~~.. H(j AXTHOPllYSA . so {'nrR ...• ~... !;o fnrmosn .. _.. ¥ _ •••••••••••••••••• _~~ ••• so CYA~E>-\ ~ •• ~ "- 6;';; ilr'{n.r.l~fst-{t.. "'.. _•. ,.o.~. ~ .. ' _~" ~_. _ .••...... _ ...... 'itl llTi~tkn. ~. ~-.". 1,;:1-; A..TOLIJA . _~~ •.... , ~.~ __ .•...... •.... _~ •..... ~ .•. ~ .•. 67 Ju1\·R., •.•• ~... {i~i batrdli. . 67 v-ef:·'ir·Dlof". ~Hl verrill! . 67 CYA:KKIVlE _ _.. •... 11;\1;:--; ~4thorybia " ~._ "._ .. 60 Cfldippr .... ~ .. ~~...... 'i] ACRELlA . ~j7 (:-YnIPPID,-fI:- ~ .. " - _... il flavidola.~ _.~ >.. . ~ . et CY-STO:SECT,f~.. -.~ •.. - ~~ .. _ ~. {il BATJfY:;:,l;CA •...... ~~A" •••••••••••••• 1;6 DAClYLOMJ{TRA ; .. - -_.. ~ •...•. _•. , > G~~ j;i; i4-0111ri~.. ~ .. R < •• , •• ~ • ~ •••••• " •• ~ •••••• _ ••• quinqlleeirru {l~j BER'OE ~ __ . _ ~'.".'" _ ~ _ .. ~".", .. _ 7~t D Ina"i-tVi.l-dl()- ~ • . . . ;:t:') cueumis ~ ~. 7.i D1PHY&". -.- ..• _..-...... ,l~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ovata.. _ _ _._.. _ . i3 hjpartitlt. ~ ... _ __0 ••• _ •• ~ " ••••• • • • ••• i)\~ BEROIDA ...••.• ~ ~ •• '" _"'" ...... •.• ~. _.. ~ _ ' i:J ])ipb-,pltlJW1•. "' .. ~.~._- ~ .•..... "-~. GI BEHOlD.-E . n DU'J:ly o -r'SJ!'i ., -'.' •• ' --. ~."' •• ".'." tin B()LINA ~.~ ,.~_ ...•. •.••. _....•..••. 72 (·am~l:El.nl1lif('ra_ _ __~ " fin alatu , . 71 DTl'l:llF;L1A ...... _...... _...... •. "n,:n ·B-o-r"INIDA-: .• ~. __•.•• _•••••••• , .• ~ ...•• _,. > ••••••• L'.'.' 72 t,laTatu .... ~. .~~, _.. ~:-n BOl"GA1:\VILLIA ¥ ••••••••••••••_ ••••••• ~ •••••••••• _._ •••• :17.:W JJnTln:~A ~ .. -_ " •• ~ .. _ ~ ,. i'!I,;{fi carolinenxis.. 0. •• _ •••• ~ ••••• _ ~.~ ••••• ~~tt conicn. ~ _._ ~ _ in gibbsi. . 'Ill :wtrang-nht-tu :{(f snperciliarls _._.. ~ > •• ~. ~ ••• ·ltl JJISGOMEDrH.to:.... . , , , ~ _... II:!: (i;j CAI_.CYOXECT.1<: .••..••..••• ~~~ •••.. ~. ~.~ .•...• _.,~~ ••••• JJ9 DIH(·{;-I',a.:(:T.;Jo; •.•.• _~ ••• ~. __•• 0 ••••••• ,_, fl~! ('n.:fI1rxi.n.-cl-la. _•. ~~ .••••.• ~ ...••••.••.• _••. _.•••.••.••..••. .~8 f)Y8MORPH08A ..•.. . ~ .. ~. :~7,W·\ -CAX-SOSTOll.1-: •.•.•. '~~'.' ..• ' __ •.~.~.~ •••••••• ~ <4 ••••• _. fh=) f\l.lg-1unn~_ .. ~_ ...... :l~ CA:5S_0TI-D"l::.~•...••.• ~ •... ~~ •.• ~ •. ~L. <' •• _ •••• L •••• __ 42 TJysc-flnnoftJ •. ~ ..• 4 ~~.~_ •• ~.~~ ••••••••• _. •••••••••••••• 40 C"loblema •...... ss -El-"OPLEl~g:A •... ~."""."" ~ ..-•• _ ~ ~ :?~f, 82 C·~TrD..E ...•• ~ ... , .. __ ~ _4. _., ••.• _ •• __ ••• __ ••• ~"" • ~ •••• 73 oebraeea _ __ ~.~~. :~'2 C"ES1'\,'S.•.• ~ _4 ••••••••• ~~ •••• ~ ••••• ~ ._•••.•••• _.~~ ••••••• '~. Eircnc, .... .•.... -~~ .. 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E-OOIU;fLOTA ..... ~._ ...-.", •. _., .• ~~. _.•••••• _•.•. a~ •• ' 45,46 MERTENSIIDE.... . , 71 duodeeim"1l8...... •.,...... 45 MNE)lIlT>.t;...... __ n ventrleularis ~.~ ..-. _.. ~ _ ~ , ~.. 46 MNE~HOftUR ...... ••_." ~ .. _~ .. ~ .-.. _..•...... • ~~ -.-.. +. _. 72 Elw'JVe , -18,4~ leid,i . 72 El'''OPHJh; 42.4;; M'ldeeria...... 37 E!l8>ryM ·..... 32 .t.l!o'rWCi.lHltI8 ~ •. _ •• ~ •• ~.~. __ ••••••••••• ~., .. -~.~ •••.•.•.•• 84 El1'PHYSA.· •.• _..•••••••••..• ~ .....••-•• _•.•.•..••.••.., ...• 30,:)3 j',{onophyts . •.. "~ .. "•..•..... ~ ~ •.•- .... +~_ ••• m Yirgull\la ...... 33 Nanomi« .... ~. ~ ....•-_ ..~ ~ _ ~ .. 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[,3,64 ORCHJSTOJl{A .. lal(erm 64 4:1. 44 toutaculatn ~""" Ha{'Jrordllk __ " 32 41 PEGA,STHfl>.-t': ••. ~.~ •.•. ".•• _ ~ .. _."" , . ~~. 0.;;'; Ha.1ocharis 42 o. l)ELAGIA.· .• _~ ....•,. ~4'·".'.".".'•. ~ •••... v •••••••• _~ (;9.70 JI.ALOPSIS ~ •• o__ ~.··.··.·.···o.. 51 cyanella . occll"ta [,1 70 l)ELAGIIDtE~ •.•...... ~_ ...•• _.~ ".~ ..•. - .. 67,.69 Hi/lpocrmc...... " ...... 40 HlI'!'OPOJ)IlTS...... oH PE"NARIA . 29, a2 l uteus __ 60 gibb08ll .. 3'1 Hotnocncma ...... 54 tiarella 4 ~ •••••• , 82 l'ERlGO};IIiIl'S ... _ .. HVBOCOVON ..•...• o~_ .. _: · ~_o ~ "_ 30,38 prolifer ...... 3:J jOl1CHiL> ....•• ". ~"." ., :)3 pcnduh\ :H PERlI'BYLLA ..•• ¥ ••••••••••••••• 4'"" 64 humtlis .. HYDRlCH'FHY8 2\J,:32 64 hyaetnthtnu . mir\l}:. ~ _ __ ~ .. _.... 32- 64 HYDROMEIlUS!I< ...• 28 peronll ... ~ _ "' . M Idlfia --...... 7:J l':E-ROMEl)l~S.,£ .... +~ •• 0'" .~~< •• _ •••• • A •••••• _".0 _ ••• _. 62, ti4. r"J'F.TASID..-¥i ~~ •••• ".,~ .• " •••• _~.' •••• , ~ •••. _•.• ~. Idyop.~1J.;· ~...... '-' .. ~."'~' ~ .. _. 73 ss l}H.ACEI.I-,OPHOR.~.. ~ ~. _ ~" ~ .• ".'" ,~ J~iif(}r.a . __._ .•. _•....•....•• ~ _.•. o c...... 'JH 67.£~ oruata -.>_. ~ •.... _.. 4 •• "._.~ ••• , •• 6~ Ij~()DICE _••..••• ~ ~ 0 ••••• -..... ••••••••••• 43 I'HlA1.lS .••.. ~ •• '.'•.•.•...••.. ~ - - .• _..••. _." .. " •.... ~ ..• ealcl'irat~l ~... . ~ , 4:, 15,.1(1 Liwrnedi.a 4~.49 c:ruciatu.. . ~~ ~ . 50 LEP'l'oMJo:f)n~.ti: ~ ...... •. _ ~ _. 29.42 l'hialididrlm. ~ ~ ~ ~ 0······.· _ . 50 LF,;8Uli;URIA ~ .•.•. o~.~ ~...... 72 PH'x·SAUA < . 61 hyboptera 72 pelagic" , . 61 I~E~t'1EtntnD~\<:.> ~.... . ~~._ ~_ .. _., 72 PlLEMlD.£ _ __ . 6~ L-I:t'F~RGF"'-; ••••• ·.~_~ •.•.•...... '...... •.•...... • 67 P/atyp-;xil' _ . t7 PLEUROBJIACHIA .. . .. mercurius ~4 ••••• ".'.' •• ~.~ •• _. t}4 71 pileus '''''' .. l.ilN.ERH]O.~: , -.. + - •••••••• ~~ •• +_ •••.•••••••• ~~ fi.:\ii7 71 PLEUR-OBKAGHIID£ •..••.•.• ~ .. _.. , ~ ••.•-....• _;. Liriiuuhs: _ ~ .. ·~ ·_ .. ~ 4" ••• ~.... flf"_i 71 LIRIOPE _...... ,>6 PODOCI).R"{"NE~~ •.•.• _ ~. ~ ••• " •••••••• ~ M _ •••••• ~"' ••••• ~ 87,38 carnea .. ~ _ __ . __ .. _..~~_ .. .- _ 38 {"'era~iIOmlii' ~ ~""".<. ~ ~ ,." r •• <..... it; Pol/!cann(J. __ __ .. , ." - ~ ~l-ltigcrH. .• ~M~."' •• '.".""'"~"""'.~...... f.() l ..-l:ZZJ A ~_ .•....• ~ .•..• ,. ~ •• , .. _ -._ •..••••.•••• "~4' 37, ;~9 I'OR-PITA .. '._~""'w' +~ ~ ••• ;- •• w_ •• ". ~~4'.'."'•• -." ~~. gratu _ 3~ Ilnna-ans _ ~_ ". J~!.!(')<.:R~.ARIA~.3~~ ..•. ~._ .•.•.•• ~_ .•..• ~ •. _...... 62 ltRoTlARA- .•• ~~~~ .. ~ _ "....• ~~;, .• o~ ••• •• •••• • •.••__••••• quadrioornts 6.~ ha;ckeli __ .. l,l'C;;RNARlID_1!. 62.63 l~TYCJlOO:£NA "_"~M.' ••••.~.••••••••_•••• ~ •••.~ ••••• Nrmania _ ,...... M }act" _ , .. MAR b-lKR-T-El'fSJA "~~.~ ~~ •••• ~ A ••••••• ~-•• ~ •••• ~ 71 typicum c . ovum ,c.,...... 71 Saphe"i(l ~ __ .. INDEX. 7H Page. I~H.ge. &1nia...... 30 TIlAPMANTlJD~; 42••1~ SCYPlIOMEDtTB.E ; ••••••...• 28,61 17uf..umanti.as ~.~ •.. _ ~.~ '.L~"'''.' •. , ~. ·j8 8E)!08TOM.£ ~ _.~. ~~ .•....•...• ~~ •••. .-..• _ ~ •. ~~., •.•• _ (i.5 TJARTD.£ " 29,:~ &.Jrlularla __ _.. _._ ...... •,. _..•_ _.. 4.8 TlAROP8I~...... 45.4\\ SU"HON'OPHOR..\ . _...... 29.59 diademal."..... 49 SOLMARlD,li: • .. 58 lI'lMA •• _..• , •... ~~,.~".... •..• ,,+ .•.. 4.5!47 SOLMARl8 •.••.... _ __ _. f~ fornlO~a ~~ <., ._..... +~. ••• • ••••••••• ~ ••• 47 tctranema...... ~_ ~.....-5S l'o'RvMln~ .. ~. ¥ • __ •••• • ••• + •••• , _ tV} Bpf[.T:n.ONECTK~.•.....••. -. ....•...• ~...... ••.••. .. 61 TRACH(}:M}-:I,UEt,~~ •••.... ,~.~.~ .. o •• •••••• 2\J g-TlM',Bls. ~. 6-l T1U-.CHY'N:t:~U)£ ~ ....•..... +~... f.L.('"\\~ Sta:utop1wra .. ~ ~ ~ _...... •.•...... ' "8 Trm'hy-ne·mn . .... _.•. "...... ~ .. .. ;)-'1 STAeRO~EDn~t+: •.. _•..... _.,. __..• .. ,...... 62 TCBRlS~~ ..•.••....• ~... 3-1,3ti STH'RO~TOMA. 43 epj,<;c-olHlH~L .. ., ..• ~ ..•... '" 3t; Iucinlatn ~ __ .. _.._...... ,IS Yl~h.'ariR .. ~ .. <.. . 36 StObtOBRArHH1)! .•.••. _•.... "~~.""""_'~""'" •••• [-,1 Tl'RRlTOP!;)s :H.37 tentaculaturn. ... "... _._<.•.... "•..• ~ 51 nutricula...... ,), ST01'ofOTOCA~~ •.•••••• ~~+~'."""~.~. :'].4 eI~'-'L\ RID..f: < •••• "."'... • ••• _ •••••• nfl.67 H.,pictlt~t.&~.. •...... ++ ••••• ,.. 35 VELELLA ,,9 rugoHa ..... +_ +~ _ sr, lliutiea ~ .. _.. &9 8TYLACTIS.•... " .•_•• _...... ·'", ~ ..•...... ~M ;17.41 WiIM/" .JU hooped....,...... 41 Wn.I.lA . 31•.J{) SYSCOH-YX]L.~ .• ~ •• ~,.,. ,"'".•... ~~. 2lJ,30 ornu-tu_ .. ~, . <. _. _. • _ •• _... •••• 40 tnirahilis ~. ~ _. >. _.... ••••• ;-w Wi/lei" .•...... '" 'W produetlL. .. ';0 Zu,ncZea , LK' •••••••••• +. _ •• _ < v. ~. ..•..•.•. 42 reticu\Rta...... 30 ZYGOD.1:CTY-L.'" ••. , + •• ~ _. __ •••• _. ~~~_ •••••••• ~, ;)1. 6'2 Sywlictpon ." .. ~.+ ••• ".,.... au gl'ct'ulu.ndiea~~ .~~ .... ," .~~ ..... ~.~ .... ~ :)2 1~K"'S-ARJD.£ .•..• ~~ ••...•. ~ •. ~ ...... • ~. __ ." .•••.•..•• 62 B ull. U. S. B.F. 19 04 . PLATE I. + -1- JULIUS 8lt N A CO .H .Y I. SVNCORYNE PRODUCTA. 3. DIPURELLA CLAV ATA . 2. DIPURENA STRANG l!JLA'rA.. 4 . LIZZ IA GRATA . Bu ll. U. S.B .F. 1904 . PLATE II. -, ! Ii" .,. 1 I. ECTOPLEURA OCHRACEA. 3. HYBOCODON PENDULA. 2 . HY BOCO DON PROLI F ER. 4 . BOUGAINVILLIA CAROLINENSIS. Bull. U. S.B. F. 1904. PLATE Ill. , + I PENNARIA TIARELLA. I. MALE. 3. HYDROI D 2.FEMALE . 4. PORTI III OF COLONY. Bull. U.S.B .F. 1904 . PLATE IV. -+- + 3 ;' 5 + \ ) \ ) I • I. EUTIMA M IRA. 3. EUCHE I LOTA DUODECIMALIS. 2 TIMA FORMOSA. 4. EUCHEILOTA VENTRICULARIS. Bu ll. U.S.B .F. 1904. PLATE V ~ , / I f \ ) \ f I 2 ~ ~ ~ I • ~ l " \ I • I / . ~ . . 1 I / .f Ir I .' ~-/ I .: 1- J .,. - I. SYNCORYNE MIRAB ILIS. 3. EPENTHESIS FOLLEATA . 2.0CEANIA LANGUIDA. 4. lIRIOPE CERASIFORMIS. Bull. U. S.8.F. 1904 . PLATE VI. 2 I. GoNION EMUS MURBACHII. 2 AURELIA FLAVIDULA -i. 0:: 0:: a :::> 0 z :::> 0 -c 0:: f "-l :E 9 6-c a N