B R I T I S H M U S E O M .

, DEPAR TMENT O F

M DAL C O IN S AND E S.

A G UI D E

TO THE PRINCIPAL GOLD AND SILVER

IN OF THE AN E T CO S CI N S,

M F R C RC . C . 700 TO A 1 . B D . O I .

AY H EA D D. R C L V . P H B A . , ,

ASSISTANT KEEPE R O F CO INS.

TH I R D E D I TI O N.

LO NDO N

Y O RDER OF THE TRU TEE PRINTED B S S.

LO NGMANS Co. P er s e r Row B . UAR ITCH 1 5 P cc , at no t ; Q , , i adilly ;

St reet C v A ASHER Co . 1 3 e r e G r e a nd a t er . , , B dfo d , o nt a d n , B lin ; 5 d 5 9 TRUB NER Co . 7 a n e , , Ludgat Hill ;

C RO LLIN FEUAR DENT 1 9 s r ree 4 P ce v s Pa r s . , , Bloom bu y St t, , la Lou oi , i .

D ’ E E ITO R S PREFAC .

' THE chief value of Greek coins lies in their being a s m original works of art, not copies , are ost of the extant

r f r sculptu es in the ound , and in their ecording the suc ces sive c r a r t phases and lo al va ieties of Greek , in which

l s m m s s c s respect no other c a s of onu ent , ulptures , bronze ,

e - fic tile s s m c a n m m t rra cottas , va e , or ge s , co pete with the . F r om the seventh c entury before the Chris tian era down

r r m r m s wa ds , and f o the fa thest east to the extre e we t of

r d s a r e the ancient civilised wo l , gold and silver coin still

m s s extant , in any case as uninjured as when they fir t left

t es h r the dies . The devices or yp whic they bea , if not by

e n r e l adi g artists , certainly faithfully rep esent the styl of the s culpture and eve n of the painting of the p e riods to which they belong . Thus in no other branch of Greek monuments can the s tudent so re adily and so thoroughly w m trace the gro th , the aturity, and the decay of the

r plastic art as on coins chronologically a ranged . For the study of mythology they p resent th e local con c eption s of the gods and heroes worshipped in the Gree k m r d l . wo l , with their attributes and sy bo s The historian will find a galle ry of portraits of sover e ign s almost com

lete r m A s s l p f o lexander to Augu tu , as wel as evidences of the history and of the political revolutions of innumerable autonomous states and citie s in these all but imperishable

a r records . The student of pal eog aphy will find on coins

m e a s exa ples of various ancient alphab ts , such Lycian and

r P oe I r n & c . r Cyp ian , h nician , Greek , Latin , be ia , , in va ious m s l m . m tages of deve op ent The etrologist, by co paring ’ F EDITOR S PRE ACE .

ff r l the weights of coins of di e ent ocalities and periods , ma y gain an insight into the various systems of ancient me its ff s d u s trology in di erent tan ards , and obtain a j t

e v m view of the r lative alues of the precious etals , and of

r f r R m r the g eat lines o t ade in the Greek and o an wo ld . For p ractical purposes th e medallist and a r t workman will fin d this series the most profitable a s well as the

e s l v saf t guide . The artist wi l not fail to percei e the sug

e s tiv e l s n m g va ue of de ig s which , on however s all a scale , n a re esse tiall y large in treatment . The fronts of the two upright cases A and B placed back to back in the centre of the First Coin Room contain electrotypes of the fines t ancient coins in the National h m ff Collection , arranged in suc a anner as to a ord a synoptical view at once historical and geogr aphical of the

r r m gold and silve coinage of the ancient world , f o the

c B . C. 7 0 0 invention of the art of oining , about , down to the Christian era . Case A is d ivided ver tica lly into four historical compart m n m s B . m um ent , and case into three These co part ents ,

r I II l rur e . be d to V , contain the principa coins c ent during the following periods :

— — h Per . r i d Archa ic Ar t e t e s C rc B . C. 7 00 480 Pe o I. i a o f , nding with ian s war . — — r n r F Ar 480 40 0 . Per i d o T a siti na l a nd Ea l ine t II. C rc B . C . i a o f o y , to h s re c t he end of t e Ath enian up ma y . — — F A e the r P e riod o ines t Ar t. 4 336 . II C rc B . C . 0 0 I . i a f g of Spa tan and

Th eban s up remaci es . — — r A e of e er 2 . Peri d o La te F ine Art. C rc B . C . 336 80 IV . i a o f g Al xand D and the iado c hi . — — C rc 2 80 1 90 . Per i d o the Decline o Ar t. A e of the V . i a o f f g

E &c . pigoni ,

— Per i d o c ntinued Decline o Ar t. A e of the rc B . C. 1 90 VI. Ci a o f o f g

Attalids . — f — r . A e o r I C rc 1 0 0 1 . Per iod o la te Dec line o A t VI . i a f f g Mith i dat es the Gr e at and of Roman dominion .

Each of the above seven compartments i s d ivided

ta ll horizon y into three geographical sections , the upper one ’ EDITOR S PREF ACE .

P oen r (A) containing the coins of Asia Minor, h icia , Sy ia , m B r &c . , and Egypt ; the iddle one ( ) those of Northe n P th e s and Central Greece , the eloponnesus , and island

ZE e a n I of the g ; and the lowest (C) those of taly , Sicily ,

th e r M e s southern sho es of the editerranean , and W tern u E rope . Each of the seven his torical compartments thus offers in its three geogr aphic al sections a complete view of the coins current throughout the civilised world during that

r c c l m r s pa ti ular entury or period , the who e for ing a se ie of ' s v historically succe si e tableaux . The individual specimens are separ ately labelled and

m r the w -on e s th e m er nu be ed in each of t enty section , nu b s o ui f referring to the foll wing G de , where su ficient de

s cri ti n p o s and explanations are given .

REG NALD STUART P LE I OO ,

Kee er o i s p f Co n .

LIST OF AB B REVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS

OF TERMS .

A7 a ura m old E L electrum a n a llo of old a nd s l ZR , (g ) ; , , y g i ver ; ,

a rgentum (s ilver) . f bv. o verse th e a ce of a n O co . b , i h b reverse t e a c . R ev. , k

T e the ri c a l evic e u on th e ob verse or re er yp , p n ip d p v se .

F ield th e a re a b e e e n the t e a nd the circ mfere , tw yp u n ce .

Ev. exer ue the lo e r or on of the d g , w p ti are a of a coin s eparate from th e re s t b a s ra h li e y t ig t n .

S mbol a n a cc ess or device in th e fi eld or e e r y , y x g ue .

B - O u the a es the me a s A7 a nd N. . pl t t l EL a re a lo ne i nd ic ated ; a ll the rest a re ZR . AUTH R’S PREFA E O C .

THE want of a general chronological V l e W of the coinage of the ancients has long been felt by all who have devoted a n hi f r a It y study to t s branch o a ch eology . is this want

I m r m which have here ade a fi st atte pt to supply . In the choice and classification of the coins described ll I h in the fo owing pages , ave throughout endeavoured m to keep si ultaneously in view the historic , artistic , and m e s r l m s l . st ict y nu is atic int re t of the coin se ected Thus ,

I s l and thus alone , have found it pos ib e to present to the spectator a tolerably complete representative series of the gold and silve r money current throughout the ancient m world in approxi ate chronological order . This seri es gives at the same time a view of the finest and most interesting Greek coins in the National Collee P l a l a c m f tion . utting aside al theoretic estheti ethods o l l m c assification according to styles and schoo s of art, y endeavour has been to arrive at one which is strictly h l I istorica . With this object in view began by erecting f m as many definitely fixed points o co parison as possible , I r m that is to say, chose a ce tain nu ber of dated coins , or coins about the precise d ates of which numismatists a re k l I gener ally agreed . Wor ing by ana ogy , next proceeded to group around these fixed points all such other coins as

m me — m m r see ed to , on various grounds nu is atic , histo ical , or — l the s m artistic to be ong , as nearly as possible , to a e

. l periods The divisions into periods do not, it wil be s seen , exactly correspond with those of the hi tory of art, s l m but are rather tho e of the po itical history of the ti es . If ul t m , then , the res of thus grouping together fro a historical standpoint specimens of the chief monetary ’ 0 3 v u AUTHOR S PREF ACE . issues of all parts of the ancient world prove to be also mm n a d m a co e t ry on the history of the growth , evelop ent , d l e and ecline of Greek art, it wil be none the less valuabl for being a thoroughly independent commentary . As an aid to those who ma y not be intimately acquainted e - s with the w ll known handbook of Greek art , a few slight e r indications have b en given , at the head of each pe iod , e r s of the chi f characte i tics of the art of that period , as m s exe plified by the most notable extant sculpture . s d r m r m The artistic i e is , howeve , but one of any f o which it is poss ible to appr oach the science of numis ma tic s I , and hope that it will be found that undue impor tance has not been attached to any one aspect of interest to the neglect of the others . In th e very compressed form in which alone the dimensions of this little Guide permit of explanations of m e the coins described , pro inenc has been given to the m m r n c infor ti e and circu stance of the st iki g, and to su h mation as is not gene rally acc essible to the public in the di s r a Th e ctionaries of Clas ical a ch eology . works to which I a m indebted for the matter contained in these notes a r e for the most par t numismatic treatises by English and m m n for eign arch aeologists far too nu erous to Cite . A o g the articles which I have found of the greatest value

s r . M . . . are those of Mon ieu W . H Waddington , r C T

r P. P M . P C . B . . R . S . Newton , , Mr oole , Gardner, rofessors a mm r t Drs . Mo sen and Cu ius , Friedl nder, Von Sallet, - B r s Imh oof B m r Pr s . Len orma nt andi , and lu e , ofe sor F , m I m ms . r P . and M . J . Six , of A terda have , oreover, to acknowledge the personal advice and assistance render ed

n P . me in the arr angement of the coi s by Mr . Gardner and

e th e Mr . C . T . N wton , and in portions relating to the

A . . M . S hi s tory of art by r Murray , and especially in the

P . r evision of the whole by Mr . R . S . oole

L Y H E B ARC A V . AD . 1 880 Ma rch, PREF ACE TO THE TH IRD EDITI N O .

SINCE the publication of th e se cond edition of this Guide

I e r n th e a r m hav had occasion , du i g prep ation of y r r His tori a Na mora m O r Pre s s la ge work ( xfo d , Clarendon , 1 887 ) to r e -examine tray by tr ay the entire collection of r B r m G eek coins in the itish Museu . This revis ion has enabled me to make some mater ial improve ments in th e

x m m r te t of the Guide . Nu erous and i po tant article s have also appear ed in various Numis matic publication s

m m r both at ho e and abroad , so e of which involve e

r r attributions of whole se ies of coins . The a rangement adopted inthis Guide is however but slightly affec ted by

r s a s m s r m r these new discove ie , they for the o t pa t e ely call for an occasional Change of attribution within the

eriod s c th e r s s p to whi h coins were p eviou ly as igned . The m m r re — s a r e I A 2 2 : . ost i po tant attribution the following .

m I . r I A . 2 1 22 e f o Colophon to Delos ; , , Ancor to

Rh n d a cum B 2 8 r Apollonia ad y ; V . . , Alla ia to Lace 3 — 3 2 0 II . m I. . m V V . 3 9 dae on C , and C , Nu idia , Maure

- B a rcid e tania , to Carthago Nova the capital of the dynasty In in Spain . the few instances in which a Change o f

period as well as of locality is necessitated , the fact has m l s been noted in the revised text ; but, as co p ete ets of electrotypes have already been widely distributed a mong

s m I h m local Mu eu s , ave not thought it advisable to ake m P s a re changes in the arrange ent of the late , which

c l s for consequently identi a with tho e of the last edition , any alter ation in the numbering of th e specimens might lead to much c on firsion in cas e s wher e this Guide has r s been quote d as a wo k of reference . On the even s P - e s repre entative lates of the half crown edition, referenc are give n to the fully illustrated edition containing

s eventy Plate s .

H . B ARCLAY V . EAD 1 889 Au us t . g , SELECT GREEK AND ROMAN COINS.

— 00— 480 E D I C C B . C 7 . P RIO . IR A .

ABOUT era seven hundred years before the Christian , s m r l the Lydian in Asia Minor, at that ti e u ed by the e r m ae rs illustrious dynasty of the M nad , fi t began to s m s m r n v ore r m ta p all ingots of thei ati e gold , obtained f o s o f r e P f l m r the washing the iv r actolus , with an o ficia a k u s s n e l as a g arantee of ju t weight , thu re dering an app a to th e scales on eve r y fres h tr ansaction no longer a m m atte r of necessity . These sta ped ingots were the

firs t c oins . The Official marks on these earliest O f all coins con m m s O f n r sisted erely. of the i pre s the rude une g aved s ce e punche , between which the ingot was pla d to rec ive h mme r t e . O f the blow of ha r Very soon . howeve , the art the engraver w a s called in to ador n the lower of the two r th e th e dies , that of the obve se , with the badge of state or s ymbol of th e local divinity und er whos e auspices the cur s rl m reney was i sued , the ea iest ints having been , it is gene s c O f m rally suppo ed , within the sa red precincts a te ple . The Gr e ek citie s which studded the coas ts and islands of As ia Minor soon adopted and impr oved upon this simple s r m but none the les e arkable Lydian invention , and to the Greeks the credit is probably due of substituting e m s r ngraved dies for the pri itive punche , and ce tainly of inscribing them with the name of the people or ruler by s whom the coin was i sued . In r r Phid on O f s Eu opean G eece , , king Argo , is said to rs m c n have been the fi t to strike oney, on whi h occasio he ' th e O f m O eMo Ko i c dedicated ancient bars etal , B , whi h had B 2 PERIOD I .

m m before served for oney, in the te ple of Hera at Argos . e r The Eubo an Cities Chalcis and Eret ia , as well as

Corinth with her colonies , and Athens , were not slow to m follow his exa ple . m s s in Fro the e centres , A iatic and European , the new v e ntion r e O f sp ad far and wide , to the coasts Thrace on the ’ s i I north , to tho e of the Cyrena ca on the south , and to taly In c th e and Sicily in the west . ea h district weight of the s tandar d coin or s ta ter w a s carefully adjuste d in proportion th e r u s e s m s to talent the e in for weighing the preciou etal , l n ff i n ff ll these ta e ts being di erent di erent localities , but a c B or n e arly all tra eable to a abylonian origin .

“ The form of the ingot (fla n) of most of the early coins e - I was b an shaped or oval , except in Southern taly, where the earliest coins O f the Achaean Cities wer e flat and Cir l v t e s l e c u a r . The de ice ( yp ) con isted usua ly of the figur m l or r - O f m of an ani a of the fo e part an ani al , heads and r e me n r figu s of gods and being rare in the ea ly period . v e s O f rs The re ers ide the coin does not at fi t bear a type , but only the impress in the for m of an intaglio or incus e s qua re O f the upper of the two dies betwee n which the

fla n or ingot was fixed . The early coins of certain Cities of Magna Gras cia above mentioned are characteri s ed however by having devices on both sides (generally the s ame) on the obverse in relief and on the reverse s incu e . The coins of the two centuries previous to the Persian r wars exhibit conside able varieties of style and execution . In c ommon with the other remains of archaic art which c m r have o e down to us , and with which it is inst uctive to m m ma co pare the , they y be divided into two classes , of which the earlier is characterised by extreme rudeness in the forms and expr essiveness in the actions repres ented ; m m the later , by a gradual develop ent into ore clearly ff defined forms with angularity and sti ness . The e y e O f the r human face is always drawn , even when in p ofile , as if seen r m r f o the f ont , the hair is generally represented by lines m m s m O f minute dots , the outh wears a fixed and for al ile ; e but , withal , ther is in the best archaic work a strength and a delicacy of touch which are often wanting in the

fully developed art of a later age . TO facilitate a c omparis on O f the c oins with the other m r s me c onte po ary productions of the pla tic art, a list of so D I 3 PERIO . of the chief artists and best known works of art is a p pended

P rincip a l Artis ts

— 6 ers c Di nenus Sc llis of Cre e c rc . B . C . 00 Si yon p and y t , i Found

of the e arlies t s chool of s culpture in marbl e . E ina — Smilis g . — i a Sparta Git a d s . es — B a th cles s e c e r wa s the r e of Magn ia y , who hi f wo k th on Apollo c ae at Amy l . —A e s A r gos g la d a . — O na ta s n ina Callon and . — a hu Ar t les Si cyon C na c s and is oc . e s— End oeu s e r He ia s s ritia s Nesiot es Ath n , Ant no , and g ; al o C and , th e s c rs of th e r Ha 1 mod ius Aris to it on ulpto g oup of and g .

P rincip a l ex ta nt Works

The three old es t m etopes of Selinus . “ m r e a s r r hom s The e s s O c enu era. a bl tatu known Apollo f om , Th

e s Te nea c . (at Ath n ), and (at Muni h)

a r c es A r s s e . Two chai s tatu of pollo . B iti h Mu um The s tatues from the Sacred Way to the Templ e of Apollo at B ra nchid ee r s s e . B iti h Mu um . End oeus s e e e r e e . S at d Ath na att ibut d to . Ath n A s A is l s e e of ri tion r toc e . e s St l by Ath n .

r r s s e m. Ha py Tomb . B iti h Mu u C Ca na chus r s s e m opy of Apollo of . B iti h Mu u . C of r Harmod ius Aris t o it l s on. N e opy g oup of and g ap .

The s s Re e s P r s . Tha o li f . a i E A P RIOD 1 . .

PLATES 1 — 3 .

LATE . . Obv. r e s r c e . Rev l P Lydia EL St iat d u fa . Ob ong sinking between

s re s s . l c s er . . rs two qua inking Baby oni tat Wt g .

s . B . C . 7 00 Thi is the earliest known coin Circ . .

. R s Obv. e s r e . Rev. I c s e s h Lydia EL ai d qua n u quare . P oeni cian - s er . 1 1 0 rs . half tat . Wt g

? . bv R s e O . P re e v e Lydia C) EL ound hi ld ( ) in high li f, di id d diagon

* r s . R ev. Incus e s ua 1 e c a cr c ally by two b oad band fq . ontaining u iform - P c s er . . r me . oe h rs o na nt h ni ian alf tat Wt g .

G r - 4 . . bv. he . R r U O ev. O e e . c s e ncertain EL o gon ad nam nt d in u . ’

24 rs . i s er . 1 Eubo c tat . Wt g

’

m . b s s c . e R v. O 5 . v. r . Sa os EL O Lion alp blong and t iangular s ink

Eub ow s er . . 1 33 rs . ings . tat Wt g 4 5 m The extremely archaic style of Nos . and arks the r B C first part of the seventh centu y . .

- M . . Obv. re r of l s r 6 . ver re e . iletus EL Fo pa t ion , with ta o fo h ad s inkin b etwe en s re s s P e c R ev. Oblong g two qua inking . ho ni ian

s er . 2 1 7 rs . tat . Wt g Struck probably durin g the period of the hi ghest ‘

r s e rit M B . C . 623 . p q p y of iletus , before

. b No z EMI Z H A E v. c M re r r 7 . phesus EL O ( t og ade “ rc c e ers I t h e s of P es . ee . Rev. in a hai l tt ) , am ign han Stag f ding

O s s re s s . Phnenicia n s er blong inking b etween two qua inking tat .

rs . Wt . g P This is the earliest inscribed coin known . hanes was r m l c t a Halica nassian , of no s al a count at the cour of Ama s is O f , the king Egypt , whose service , however , he m O f P m deserted for that of Ca byses , king ersia , who he 5 25 n B . C . . assisted in his invasio of Egypt , This coin ma us y , however, have been struck at E phes by an ancestor P of hanes . The coin was found at Halicarnassus . 8 hi . C O S . . b re P O v. . Rev. I c s e s . oe c s er EL Sphinx n u qua h ni ian tat . 2 1 rs . Wt . 7 g

- 9 . m . . Obv r e r of c . Rev. I c s e Sa os EL . Fo pa t bull , looking ba k n u

2 1 rs . s P e c s er . . 7 quare. ho ni ian tat Wt g

c r P A coin perhaps stru k du ing the rule of olycrates , 5 - B . C. 30 5 20 . B 00— . C. 7 480 . 5

3 ’ IO. o . . b O v. s ea . ev. I s r ho i Lesb s C) EL Lion h d R ncuse qua e . P ca c

s er . rs tat Wt . g .

1 1 . Z eleia . . Obv. C aer . Rev T o s r w c e s es . Pho a i EL him a . in u qua c c

s e r. rs tat Wt . g .

1 2 - . . . Obv fis h le s . Rev. Two c s e Cyzicus EL . Tunny and fil t in u s r n Phocai s er 2 es o e c a s c r . c . . 52 rs qua , ontaining o pion tat Wt g .

. 1 0 1 1 1 2 ma mm Nos , , and y belong to the period i e d iate l m o y preceding the refor of the coinage by Cr esus , 5 . 60 B . C Circ .

1 3 . N - . ll . b F re r s of b a ce c e . Rev. Sardes O v. o pa t lion and fa to fa ’

Two c s e s res E ic s er. . 1 24 rs . in u qua , ubo tat Wt g

1 4 . A7 rs . 42 . r s e r. . . Sardes Simila . i tat Wt g 1 5 . . JR . r c s er . . 1 59 rs . Sardes Simila . Babyloni tat Wt g 1 6 824 rs . . B . r Si lus . . Sardes . Simila . g Wt g

- . 1 3 1 6 m l Nos . are speci ens of the go d and silver coinage 5 — 5 54 s f B . C. 68 of Croesus , , which he sub tituted or the r p evious coinage in electrum .

b ow s e r K . 1 P . A7 . Grea Rev 7 . The . ersia Obv. t ing holding and p a

D ri . 1 29 rs . I c s e . a o n u . Wt g A Persian daric of the earliest style ; st ruck in the — 521 485 . I B . C . reign of Darius . ,

LATE 2 . m rm em e he . Rev. ea of 1 . JR . bv. 8 . La psacus O Janifo f al ad H d

82 rs . Pallas within an incus e s quare . Wt . g

f l l B . C. 480 . A coin o fine archaic sty e , probably as ear y as

1 9 a rm e m l e e e cc s . . JR . Obv. Tenedos J nifo h ad, a and f mal , B'a hu

a xe . ex/ £810 i reAe D e T 3 k u . NE. s Di Rev. T E morphus (P) . oubl 13 rs Wt . 8 g . f h B z . s . v. A . ristotle (a p . Steph y Tenedos) re ers t is type to a decree of a king of Tenedos , which enacted that h o l d b e all persons convicted of adultery s beheaded . He u o i Inter ret a tl o n is , however, certainly wrong in th s p as m s c re re Leake justly re ark , su h subjects were never p h k e se nted on the money of the Greeks ; their types , their m n m m s m na es of me and wo en , were al ost alway euphe istic , relating generally to the local mythology and fortunes of the m ri ncI al i s place, with sy bols referring to the p p product on , ” f m t O . or to the protecting numina . the y h of Tennes

P . and the Te ne d ian axes dedicated at Delphi . ( aus x . I A. 6 PERIOD .

7 B . - 20 . 0 111 6 Obv. re r of rs e . e r s 5 Fo pa t ho R v. Two incuse s qua e 1 2 r e t r ev ces . . 8 rs ado n d wi h flo al d i Wt g . m . B C . Extre ely archaic As early as the seventh century .

z men fie . . - 2 1 . Ola o B bv v O . e r r e Rev. re r Lion d ou ing p y . Fo pa t of e r c s e s re 2 6 6 rs wing d boa in in u qua . Wt . g .

P th e c I erhaps earliest known coin of this ri h onian city . In the time of Croesus the Cla z omenii had a treas ury at

H r . . c O f Me th mn a Delphi ( e od i Like certain oins y ,

&c . n e 480 , also havi g types on both sid s , previous to , this i’ coin is of the Eubo c standard .

1 . 2 2 136 0 8 B . . b . re v I c s e s r . 1 26 r . ev. s . O Ly R n u qua e . Wt g

’ m i u c r A didrach of the Eubo c weight , str k du ing the early period of Delian independence before th e Pers ian r wa s .

“ ZR. P a . 2 3 . b P c r v. e I s e O l t e a a nt. e l R v. c hoc ea S a ( ho a) , yp p n u

r . 585 rs . s qua e . Wt g This coin is contemporary with the earli est electru m

m r e c r B . 5 P ae . C. 68 of hoc a , struck in the ti e of C o sus , i c r in M s m f . (o . a state the unich collection with the a e type) m 60 2— 5 The Phocaean Thalassocracy lasted fro about 5 8 .

24 . TGO S ZR. b Gr s s r O v. . ev. I c e e . . 1 3 s iffin R n u qua Wt 8 gr . The griffin is probably connec ted with the Asiatic s r wors hip of Dionysu . The type also occu s on the coins c m s e m of Abdera , to which pla e o t of the T ians re oved 44 is m in 5 . This coin probably so ewhat anterior to d that ate .

’ m . ZR. 2 5 . I bv. s c l c v. c s . s . Re e s re Sa os O Lion a p fa ing n u qua . Wt 3 91 rs g . m 5 9 Later in style than the electru Nos . and , but the e earliest known silv r coin of thi s island .

h ’ - 2 ers n s us . JR . le e e . 6 . o e s e r e C bv. O Lion h ad and fo g ; b n ath , X

f . . rs . re r r e . e ec o R ev. XEP. ( t og ad ) H ad and n k bull Wt g

2 . AR. r e of r e c s e 7 . b . Rev. Cnidus O v. Simila H ad Aph odit in in u

r . 96 rs . s qua e . Wt g Ch e rs on e su s and Cnidus in early times we re two dis tinct

e s e r e r s e on e . Citi , but w e aft ward unit d into The lion is h m - m - e t e sy bol of the sun god , the bull of the oon godd ss , th e s r A iatic Aph odite , whose head is seen on the coins of

Cnidus . — 7 B 0 0 480 . . C . 7

’ LATE 3 . 2 U . B . 8 . O Ro s s s c . ev. c e . P ncertain bv. Lion calp fa ing R ugh in u

6 3 rs . Wt . g It is very doubtful whether this coin should be given m rt n ma c m Go a n . It to Sa os or to y , i Crete y be o pared 33 ma for style w ith No . of Lycia but this als o y be

r L t tus . C etan , of y

2 l mn a . B . 9 . Ca e r bv. e e e e . re y O B a d d h lm et d h ad Rev. Ly within

c se e ress . . 1 5 5 rs an in u d p ion Wt g . This head perhaps represe nts on e O f the Argive her oes r who wer e shipwr ecked on this island after the Trojan Wa . c ma m e e The style is rude , but the oin y not be uch arli r 480 m a l mn e n B . C . C a tha , at which ti e y was subj ct to i s . Artemisia I. of Hal carnas us

- B . 0 m . ev I c s e s re 3 . b e R l Ca irus O v. Fig l af. . n u qua in two ob ong

v s s . 1 85 rs . di i ion . Wt g - f . 1 . re r o e r . e . Z I N B bv. R v IEAY O 3 I . O . alysus Fo pa t wing d boa ’ 2 2 3 rs Eagl e s h ead in incus e s quare . Wt . g . The territory of the is lan d of Rhodes w a s anciently di

Lin d u s I m s . vid e d among the three Cities , alysus , and Ca iru

O f m r . It the above coins , that of Ca irus is the earlie

exhibits the form of incus e peculiar to the Carian coasts .

h u s . B . s . R ev. 32 Pos eid ion Ca r a t Obv. . in p Two dolphin 2 0 8 rs 30 . . . Two oblong s inkings a s on No . Wt g

’ R ev I c se s re . . B . v. r s e . . . b 33 . Lycia G) O Boa h ad n u qua Wt rs g .

- B . re . . 34. . se Obv re r of r . Re v. I c s Lycia . Fo pa t boa n u qua Wt rs g .

35 . . B . I s s re c l . R ev. c e bv. r Lycia O Boa wa king n u qua , ontaining ’

r s e e s . rs . t i k lion nding in c o ck s h e ad . Wt g The s e three coi ns ma y ser ve to s how th e gr ad ual p ro 5 r It ma b e e . 3 g ess of art in Lycia . y doubt d whether No

is r B . e C . 4 Th e p evious to 80 . wild boar was pl ntiful in

parts of this district .

’ P s s . 3 6 . ZR bv Pr e r r s e Rev. ha eli O . ow of gall y in fo m of boa h ad .

( . er of c s AZ e e s re . 1 1 rs P St n gall y in in u qua . Wt 7 g . The types a re a pprO pria te to a maritime City of the ” m c P oi A a rla nts . ff o o . i portan e of haselis , andp cf ¢ n s , a ski

l n ri Ce e d e s . B . 3 7 . G R Obv. . ev. I c se s re . t 93 rs . oat n u qua W . g Celend eris c e b e en , on the coast of Cili ia , is said to hav m P n an ancient settle ent of the hoenicia s , but Greeks from m B C. Sa os settled there in the sixth century . I B . PERIOD .

- PLATES 4 6 .

‘ 1 . . . h bv Ce r c fi m . TE O . rr o a PLA 4. Thrace or T asos EL ntau a ying ny ph

e I c s e . Phocaic s er. . rs . R v. n u tat Wt g This remarkable electrum stater of the Pangas an dis tr iot of Thr ace or of Thasos is of the same weight r a s ly m Z e leia standa d the ear electru of Cyzicus and ,

L A .

lu Z aee . B . I 2 . . e Thrace Obv. AIEAEQ N. C ntaur c arrying

m ev c s e s re . . rs ff R . . o a ny ph . Flat in u qua Wt g

. B . m is rms 3 . Obv. r eel h h Thasos Saty kn ing wit a ny ph in a .

I c se s re . . rs . Rev. n u qua Wt g

B . 4 . . r s a s n Lete Obv. Saty t nding oppo ite a nymph a d holding her

° r Rev. I c s e . 1 5 2 C rs by the w i s t . n u Wt . g .

5 . . B . l r b ut of fi er r . rs Lete Simi a , n wo k Wt . g .

The types of the above coins all refer to the worship of the rude forc es of nature symbolised in the orgiastic rites B h ll of the Thracian acchus and is fo owing (Centaurs , M M a n aeum mm a . P Satyrs , enads , t g , on the su it of m l B l which was the fa ous orac e of acchus , was the re igious m i centre of the Thracian ining tribes , whose co nage d f m spread over the whole istrict north o Chalcidice , fro H a lia cmon the Nestos in the east to the in the west ,

before the time of the Persian wars .

6 . B . - . l O v se . . 14 rs . h e e . I G r . R c 7 Neapo is bv. o gon ad n u Wt g

P as Neapolis , opposite Thasos , was the port of the ang an It s di strict . coins follow the standard of the neighbouring m ining tribes and of Thasos .

Aca nth ll s 7 . B . bv r l I s s re . O . ev Rev. c e Lion d ou ing bul . n u qua

2 68 rs . Wt . g

All the early coins of the Cities of Chalcidic e follow r hi the Attic standa d . That there were lions in t s district at the time of the Persian war s we learn from Hero d otus r h m r m m , who elates ow they ca e down f o the oun tains and seized upon the beasts of burden In the army of

Xerxes .

1 0 PERIOD I . B .

The O rre s cn probably also occupied a portion of that

m B l n r . range , as so e of their coins follow the aby o ic standa d ta d ra hm oc c s &C . e e The large , of these peopl s b long to P n r the hoe ician standard introduced from Abde a . When i Alexande r I . of Macedon took posses s ion of the B is alt an i n B . C . 480 B is a lt a territory , about , he adopted the coin r l types , and appea s to have put an end to al coinages m hi within his do inions except s own .

1 8 . B . . Obv. Co c l ev s R . Corcyra w s u kling ca f. Two oblong ink s c r er e rr e s c e G r e s of ing ; within whi h , flo al patt n on ou ly all d a d n l in A c oiis . 0 1 rs . . Wt 7 g Th e Corcy re a n s identified their island with the Scheria m P a of Ho er , inhabited by the h eacians and their king l in A c oiis .

1 9 B ’ . P . . r bv. ll s h e c . R I c se s e . hocis O Bu ad fa ing ev. n u qua 44 rs Wt . g .

B r s c rc e 2 0 h . . b oe e ev. c s . l l v. s . R T ebes O B otian hi d A o within a i ,

h er ee c se . 1 90 rs . th e archai c form of t e l ett within a d p in u . Wt g

2 1 o . B . ee of r s k es . R ev. I c se s re bv. . Eub ea O Wh l fou po n u qua , 2 r 1 6 s . divide d diagonally . Wt . g

The wheel is the badge of Chalcis in Euboea .

‘ 2 2 B . se s re m r e . I c . . Obv. . R v Euboea or Ceos A pho a n u qua ,

d v . 1 27 rs . i ided diagonally . Wt g This vase occurs also on coins of Ceos of the E gine tic standard and it is not improbable that the fir st coins of

’ that island were Eub oic in weight .

’ m r rece . 2 3 . . B . l s e fa cm . Rev. l Euboea Obv. Bu l h ad g Si i a to p ding rs Wt . g . ’ The bull s head ma y allude to the name of the island .

- ’ 24 G r e . Rev. r er s B . bv. . Euboea . O o gon h ad Simila , but a panth

r . h e ad in one of the t r iangular di vi s ions of the s unk s qua e . Wt - 1 31 6 rs g .

- ’ b G r h e . Rev. s e c B . v. 2 5 . Euboea . O o gon ad Bull h ad fa ing in

rs . in cuse s quare . Wt . g 2 1 — 2 5 m l The above coins , Nos . , were for er y attributed m to Athens before the ti e of Solon , but they have been recently restor ed by Prof. E . Curtius to Euboea . The - l Gorgon head is probab y the type of the City of Eretria , — B . C. 7 00 480 . 1 1

2 5 h h l f hm . as t e w ee is o Chalcis . The tetradrac , No , pr obably date s from the time when the Pisistratidae wer e oe exiles in Eub a .

P LATE 6 . 2 6 . s . B . l e R I s re O w . ev. c s e Obv. l P Athen ( ) to ft n u qua , diagonally

v e . . 1 24 rs di id d Wt g .

2 7 . e . B . l ve bv e of P l s . O . R v O w Ath ns H ad a la e . AG E. and oli

r c s s rs . b an h in incu e quare . Wt . g

2 e 8 . .EH. . r . . 257 rs Ath ns Simila Wt g . These two tetradrachms are fin e examples of the archaic It r style of art in H ell as . is p obable that they a r e not m c m or u h later than the ti e of Solon , , in other words , of m dl B C hi m about the id e of the sixth century . . At t s re ote period Athens s eems to have bee n the only city which made u s e of double dies (reverse as well as obverse) for

the coinage .

i a - JE n . B . 2 9 . b ea r s e R I O v. S . ev. c s e s re v e g to toi n u qua , di id d into

. 1 9 2 rs . e ight compartment s . Wt g h Phid on 7 t . , king of Argos ( cent is said to have been the firs t to introduce the art of coinage into Europe an r c is c m G ee e . He said to have oined his oney in the - i ZE in a . s e a r s s s m island of g The to toi e a y bol of Astarte , r I r th e Phoenician goddess of t ade . t is p obable that the i P oe ZEgin et c standard is also of h nician origin .

30 r . B . P s s r c . Obv. e e e e R v. Co inth ga u p an ing ; b n ath , koppa .

I c s e s re v e e r r c r e s . . n u qua , di id d into ight t iangula ompa tm nt Wt r g s .

is r It ma This the earliest coinage of Co inth . y date P B 2 — r m m . C 6 5 5 85 f o the ti e of eriander, . .

B . 3 1 . . Obv. Pe s s s e e . Re Corinth ga u tanding ; b n ath , koppa v. I c s e ec r r res emb lin a maea nd er er or s s c . n u of p ulia fo m , g patt n , wa ti a rs Wt . g . Thes e thin flat coin s of Corinth are also of a very early e period , though later than the pr ceding .

n s B . 2 r e . . 3 . T Obv. he r the s e of C te C os us Minotau , in hap a man the e o f e e on one ee with h ad a bull , kn ling kn and holding a s tone ev m e e r his . R . r e r the r c r r in hand Laby inth of a and patt n, fou o ne s

c s s ee c s e s res . . on i ting of d p in u qua Wt grs . Thi s is an early repres entation of the famous labyrinth Dae m built by dalus , the ho e of the Minotaur . 1 2 E OD . B P RI 1 .

i - B . 3 3 . . ores a . fis n l G bv. C le h a d h . I c s e Ceos O utt do p in Rev. n u

f 0 . 1 80 rs . m ar o N . 3 s i il to that o . Wt g The coinage of Ceos at first followed the Eubo ‘ic stan i E in i . Gores a et c dard This coin of is of the g weight , f m h h and o about the iddle of t e sixt century .

X S B . r 4 Na O . C r s re e 3 . Obv h h h iv es . ant a u w at d wit y and g ap .

ev I c se s re . 1 87 rs . R . n u qua . Wt g

B . b G e . v. el l c P O . ev 5 . I 3 aros oat kn ing and ooking ba k R . ncus e m r me s s re e r l r c . . rs . qua , in ight t iangu a o pa t nt Wt g

~ B . e . R ev . Obv. E l fl . r re 3 6 ce . . Siphnos ag ying Simila to p ding

1 9 rs . Wt . 7 g The early coins of the Cyclades are all of this globul ar f f ll h inetic . abric , and o ow t e n standard - 7 00 480 . 1 3 B . C.

— PLATES 7 9 .

PL E 7 P l - AT 1 . E . . B . h h h bv. G r e b e e c truria opu onia O o gon h ad, n at w i

X r of v e . Rev. rs (ma k alu ) Plain . Wt . g . m l This is one of the ost ancient coins of Etruria , a though s s 480 - po ibly not earlier than . B oth the weight standard and the type of this Etrus can money seems to be derived f I B . from Euboe a (o . . m 2 m . . a . ZR. bv e of m Rev. KY ME. Ca pania Cu e O . H ad ny ph .

ss e r in e l . rs . Mu l with ma p ant . Wt g The coins of the Campanian cities are from the earliest r times st uck on both sides .

‘ r m . . . B 3 . A bv re r r e . Calab ia Tarentu O . TA RA ; ( t og ad ) pollo me e H y a cinthius ee l fl ev. re er. R kn ling, holding y and ow Sa typ c se rs in u . Wt . g . m 4 . B . o . same s cr . r s r n l h Tarentu Obv. in iption Ta a iding do p in ;

m e c s e . . 1 23 rs . e e sc l s el . Rev. e b n ath , a lop h l Sa typ in u Wt g

Th e m w m f oldest coins of Tarentu , ith those of any o n e I the neighbouri g Gre k cities of Southern taly , are distinguished fr om all other early Gr eek coins by their the having , instead of plain incuse square , an incuse type r on the everse . All the coins of this style are probably 0 B . C 5 0 . anterior to .

5 m ZR 2 2 . l r R ev. eel . . 1 rs . v . Tarentu Ob . Simi a Wh Wt g ‘ m B . r s r on d 6 . . v l Ob . R Tarentu TA A , Ta a iding olphin, ho ding - - fis h v R re r r e . Sea rs e e e s c l c e . Re . uttl TA A 5 ( t og ad ) ho ; b n ath, a lop

s e . rs . h ll . Wt g ‘ m . . s n 7 . B r s e e o Obv. R e e Tarentu TA A ; Ta a at d dolphin ; b n ath , of r s of rc c s e e s c s e . Rev e r ec allop h ll . H ad Ta a , a hai tyl , w a ing n k

e . 1 22 rs lac . Wt g . We learn from Aris totle that the youthful figure seated m mm on the dolphin , which is the ost co on type on the c w a s for oins of this city, intended Taras , a son of P m m h it oseidon , fro who the city is said to ave derived s

name .

-‘ ZR. - 8 . . . Obv. rAr s . e e l Lucania Laus Man h ad d bull, ooking

c . R v M. e e c s e . . r e . NO s ba k Sam typ in u Wt g .

AAF IN Z e The inscription on this coin , O , is b gun on the m h obverse and co pleted on t e reverse. PERI OD I. C .

9 ’ . . B . - Obv. AA re r r e h S . ea e b Laus ( t og ad ) Man d d ull , looking c e er e c r Rev m - . . e scr e e . ba k ; in x gu , a o n Sa in iption . Man h ad d bull rs Wt . g .

IO 1 1 M m ' . e ta ontu . B . bv me . ME . Ea r of c r ev O R . , p TA o n . Sa - e c s e . . 1 24 2 1 23 8 rs typ in u Wt and g .

— . 1 1 l s 1 0 re ‘ No , which is e s spread than No . , is struck r mi I . 31 . upon a Corinthian state si lar to B . The ear of c r Me ta on tum orn refers to the fertility of the ter itory of p , which was s o great that the people of Me ta pontum wer e e abl to dedicate at Delphi a golden harvest (Strab . vi . 2 64:)

1 2 PO i Il i = . S d O a u B . b O v. MO P re r r e P s e HO Z ( t og ad ) . o idon e for c s c s a cr s s his s rs e nak d but hlamy , whi h hang o houlde , wi lding

r e . R ev. e e cus e e ce s cr c is t id nt Sam typ in , x pt in iption, whi h in

r s e e ers . rs ai d l tt . Wt g .

PLAT 8 ’ . 1 P 3 . . ZR. b E osidonia O v.

| A . 2 2 r e H O E A . . 1 rs Rev. M l . Simila typ . Bu l Wt g

P a of At osidonia , as at the other Ach ean towns I fla t Southern taly , the coins with an incuse type on the reverse give place at an ear ly per iod to pieces of smaller m i di ensions , thicker , and having a type in rel ef on both

sides .

‘

1 4. P x u s . ZR. b Mo B l O v. w M Siris and y q u l , + EM m n O de . a e e r e c Rev. V s with h ead tu n d ba k . (v ) S typ rs incus e . Wt . g .

Moneta ry alliances of this kind between two towns I are not unusual in the sixth century in Southern taly . r ofis i s m f w The reve se inscription , v , the na e o the to n in ’ m t vo m the no inative ; Ep i s is an adjective , also in the no ina

. oii t tive case ; sub v mos .

1 5 . . ZR. b M v . e r e c . Sybaris O v. V (E ) Bull , with h ad tu n d ba k

R e e cus e . . rs . ev. Sam typ in Wt g

m a B . C . 7 20 Sybaris was colonized fro Ach ea about , and it

m B . C. 5 1 0 enjoyed unexa pled prosperity until , when it was

destroyed by Croton .

1 6 . . e e e rc c s l e . Rev. . B H . bv. A Velia O V E F mal h ad, of a hai ty

o ve c B . . rs . Lion , ab whi h Wt g

544 P a w a s f B . C. Velia ounded in , by the hoc eans - 1 5 0 4 80 . B . C. 7 0 who left their native city rather than submit to the

Pers ians . The lion is a common type on coins of the P hocaean colonies . ii 1 B ru tt . 7 . . B . N re bv . e O . Caulonia KAVA ak d figu , hold m his r s e r r c on his s r e c e e g in ai d ight hand a b an h , and out t t h d l ft a r m s r re w e ee c s s a mall unning figu ith wing d f t, whi h al o hold a r c r s c R ev e e c s e b an h ; in f ont , a tag, looking ba k . . Sam typ in u , s re 1 2 8 rs but mall figu wanting . Wt . g .

This type has been explained by Ga rru c c i a s an imper s onation of the promontory Coc inthus holdi ng the Wind Z god ephyrus .

1 8 . l . B . bv re r r e . r e Rev. Cau onia O . KAVA ( t og ad ) Simila typ .

e s cr e r c . . rs . Sam in iption . Stag ; in fi ld , b an h Wt g

The same change of fa bric is noticeable her e a s on coins m 4 5 La ii s 8 9 P of Tarentu , Nos . and ; , and ; osidonia , 1 2 1 and 3 .

1 9 . . B . Obv. PO . r . Rev. e e c se . Croton Q T ipod Sam typ , in u rs Wt . g .

2 0 . B . . Obv. e s cr e . Rev. e e Croton Sam in iption and typ Flying agl ,

rs . incus e . Wt . g

- r l ae e The ea iest coins of Croton , an Ach an colony found d 0 0 m about B . C . 7 rese ble in fabric those of the other c ae but l n &c . A h an cities , , unlike those of Cau o ia , Sybaris , r m the se ies of its oney is prolonged to a late period .

2 1 r . B . . Obv. e s cr e Croton and Syba is Sam in iption and typ .

Rev. VM v . c . . rs . (E ) Bull , looking ba k Wt g

This federal money of Croton and Sybar is together is of considerable value as an indication of th e style and u s e re r w a r m fabric in befo the g eat which ter inated ,

B C. 5 1 0 s . . , in the de truction of Sybaris

2 m B . r eer 2 . R . Obv. C r m les hegiu ha iot in biga d awn by u . Rev.

re r r e . re . . rs REC INO N ( t og ad ) Ha Wt g .

An a x ila u s r R m B Aristotle states that , ty ant of hegiu . 0 . 494—47 6 c O m , having gained a vi tory at ly pia with the m a m / 7 for R m ule car, p 7, struck coins hegiu on whi ch the r 1 mule car was rep esented . This 8 one of the coins alluded to by the philos opher. PERI I. OD C .

2 3 . . B . O bv. T EP$ NA. e er . Rev Terina H ad of T ina . N$ KA r r e ra e . N e A teros e r c h is ( t og d ) ik p , w a ing long hiton, wit diplo , s - . She h s r c . The e ve r h tanding old b an h whol in oli w e at . Wt . r g s .

Terina was a colony of Croton . Its coins a r e of great r beauty , but little is known of its histo y .

Pra m 9. 2 4. l . A ri n m e tu . l B . Obv. AKRAC ANT . Sici y g g O Z Eag e .

R ev. Cr a . rs b Wt . g .

25 - - . . B . Obv. e e ll a ve er l e e Catana Man h ad d bu ; bo , wat fow ; b n ath , -fish r ver . Rev. KATANAIO N. N e d wrea i ik , hol ing th , walking h to t e l e rs . ft . Wt . g If thi s coin of Catana does not belong to the period

B . C. 47 6 s e before , when the inhabitant were xpelled by H ' ie ro I. m c i e of Syracuse , and the na e of the ty chang d B tna m r w B 4 1 h . C 6 h to , it ust be b oug t do n to . , w en the Ca ta n aea n s were reinstated .

2 6 — - . . B . ( AZ . re r m Gela Obv. EA Fo pa t of an h ead e d b u11 ( River h . ua r t e rs es cr e N k Rev. e god) Q d iga, ho own d by flying i . Wt . 2 65 rs g . l n h f l h - Ge o , t e tyrant o Ge a , conq uered in t e chariot race - f O m B 488 . o C. at ly pia , in . The reverse type this coin m ay commemorate the event . 2 m 7 . . B . us l v C c . Rev. ur c e r e a rr Hi era Ob . o k Fo in t iang s anged

e th s 89 5 rs . lik e ails o f a mill . Wt . g

Th m me Na x us e ost ancient coins of the towns Hi ra , , Z R m mae I and ancle in Sicily , and hegiu and Cu in taly , - follow the B gine tic standard . All these cities are Chal o s idio colonies . The coin of this standard struck at 1 r m B . 48 r a r e . C Hi era all previous to , when The on of Ag i entum e m r g s ized Hi era and introduced the Attic standa d .

2 L n ini 8 . e o t . B . r the rs es c r e N bv. e . O R ev. Quad iga , ho own d by ik ’

AEO N INO N. s e e s r r r e T Lion h ad with op n jaw ; a ound, fou ba l y r s rs co n . Wt . g . i l l 2 6 m Th s coin be ongs , ike No . of Gela , to the ti e when ’ n Gelon w a s master of Le onti i . The lion s head on the t e t reverse is a yp p a rla n . 2 9 Z c . . B . r b DANKLE. D c ve e c an le O v. olphin within a u d obj t

r e res e th e r b r of c e . R ev. w c s e v e p nting ha ou Zan l Shallo in u , di id d

s eve r c r e s the c e re s e . . 856 rs . into al ompa tm nt ; in nt , a h ll Wt g The name of Z ancle was deri ve d from the old Sicilian B a uele e r r m f the word , a sickle , and had ref ence to the fo o

harbour . The town was afterwards called Messana .

1 8 PERI 1 OD 1 .

P RI II — R B — O . I A . C. 480 400 E D C C .

TH E c f coins of this period , which coin ides with that o e m c ma the Ath nian supre a y , y be divided broadly into two s s 0 s c s m m clas e , ( ) tho e whi h re e ble ore or less the ar chai c r d c P I . a n s c oins of e iod , (B) tho e whi h border upon the e P III coins of the fully develop d art of eriod . r r r As a geographical o de is adhe ed to in each section , early and late c oins within the above limits are some m ti es to be found side by side . In A s ia Minor the impor tant commercial city of Pr s r s Cyzicus , on the oponti , g adually obtained omething l m c m e K ike a onopoly of coining ele tru , the Gr at ing his retaining in own hands that of coining pure gold . In Eu r opean Gr eece the Athenian coinage had by far r a n d i i the largest ci culation , obta ned so h gh a reputation , r s not only in Eu ope , but even in the far Ea t , for purity of m r w a s d etal and accu ate weight , that it found ina visable m k e m m l its c ircu to a any i prove ent in the types , est lation should be affected . m ul The Corinthian oney had also a wide circ ation , r r chiefly howeve towa ds the West . The coins of Elis , e r unlik those of Athens and Co inth , present a great m l m nu ber of types and a continued deve op ent in style . In I m s I taly the coinage of Tarentu is the riche t . n Sicily Syracuse affords a larger var iety of types than any r e r other G eek city , and on this seri s the p ogress in style

‘ a rt ma from archaic to fine y be traced step by step . During this transitional period a gr eat advance is noticeable in the te chnical skill in which the dies of u the coins a re pr epared . The rude inc se square is gene s a r rally uperseded by egular incuse square , containing m m e m m m so eti es a d vice , so eti es a ore or less orna r m of mental quarte ing , together with the na e the city or of th e magistr ate under whose juris diction the coin In s was issue d . Asia Minor the incu e square is for the mos t part retained down to a later date than in European

Gr e ece . Ar tistically the devices on the coinage of this period a r e characterised by an increased delicac y in the render 1 9 PERIOD 11 . ing of details and a true understanding of the anatomical m f structure of the hu an body, and towards the close o r r r m m m ff the pe iod by g eater f eedo of ove ent , every e ort e c l c om being then dir ted to realize idea conceptions, a ple te mas tery of technic al skill having been attained during the preceding transitional stage .

The chief sculptor s with whose works the coins of this period are contemporary are the following

— n Aris t C s s c Cana chu s a d ocles . la a . Si yon — JEgina Callon and O na ta s . — —4 2 r s A ela d a s B . C . 508 5 . A go g , mi — Rh e iu P r s e re B . C . 450 g ythago a , b fo . e s— a la mis Ath n C and Myr on . — C ss e s r P s Alca menes . la B. Ath n My on, hidia , and — Pe nes s P c e s Pa onius e e . lopon u oly l tu , of M nd The principal extant works are

ss The s c res of the e e of e B ina . Cla a . ulptu T mpl Ath na at g c C s s r s Muni h . a t in B itis h Mu e um . ’ r e c of r D s s th Class B. Ma bl opy My on s i cobolu in e Palazzo

ss R e . e r r s s e m Ma imi , om Anoth in B iti h Mu u .

P r e s c res . r s a th non ulptu B iti h Muse um . The s culptures of t he Theseium and of the Templ e of N e A teros s e . ik p . Ath n

c res f th e f O . C s s S ulptu o e T mpl e o Ze us . lympia a t in

B e rlin . e e s th linus e r e e . l r M top of thi d t mpl at Se Pa e mo . The r e e of th em i l s f i z e T pl e of Apollo at Ph ga eia . Briti h se m Mu u . PERI II . OD A.

1 1 . A .

P ATES 1 — 1 L 0 1 .

ru n 1 0. P 1 2 . . A7 1 2 l , , . 9 B 84 ersia daric (wt and , sig os (wt . I . . 1 7 l e As A , but of at r style . m 3 . U l . H Obv. rs e r c e e ncertain e ectru stater o p an ing ; b n ath , I er . Rev. c s e s re r ere . rs flow n u qua , qua t d Wt . g . m 4 . U . b O v. Rev. I c s e s re ncertain electru stater Sow . n u qua , 2 1 r ere . . 6 rs qua t d Wt g . m 5 . U c . fl Obv. C c ve c r n ertain electru stater o k ; abo whi h , o al

r . Rev I c se s r e . e r ere . . 2 1 6 rs o nam nt n u qua , qua t d Wt g .

These three staters of the Phoenician s tandar d appear to 8 e . 9 P be of lat r date than Nos and of eriod I. They are n not to be co founded with the Cyzicenes , which follow a n r differ e t moneta y s ystem .

— 85 1 9 . C 0 . . 6 yzicus , EL

r m e s l Elect u stat rs of Cyzicus , of early ty e . Cyzicus appears to have had a monopoly of coining these stater s a n d h e ctae hi r e mm e m the , w ch ci culat d in i nse nu bers c w m B r C . 4 8 th oughout the an ient orld fro about . 7 down

38 7 . r men to , and perhaps later They are f equently i d w r s n t one both by iters and in inscription . The tun y - fish is the mint mark of Cyzicus the types are extre mely m r m r . O s 1 2 nu e ous f the above , the ost inte e ting are No . , which re prese nts the two golden eagles on the omphalos c a re m P of Apollo at Delphi . whi h entioned by indar 1 4 . e m n n P th . . a a d ( y iv and No , C crops , half half - i serpent , holding an olive branch . The we ght of the stater

is 248 r s . . 1 5 of c s 4 1 about g No is a hecte Cyzi u (wt . — — 1 6 1 9 h ectae P ca wt . 40 38 Nos . , of ho ea ( the min t-mark on the s e being a small se al in addition to the 1 7 c . s h e oin type . No has also the head of a eal as t badge h e ct ae P s of Phocae a . The of hocaea of thi period are of m r l r me l e s e n co pa ative y pu e ta , but aft rward th y obtai ed a bad reputation thr oughout Greece for the base char acter

e r c m s H es chi us s . v. of the gold of which they w e o po ed . y , I . t ' (De O Ka KLO O V wo mo ns T T xpvo v. - 480 400 . 2 1

20 . B . . f e . bv. e o R Sinope O H ad nymph Sinop ev. Z INQ . Sea his 4 s 8 8 rs . e agl e c arrying dolphin in talon . Wt . g

Si nope was the wealthiest Greek city on the coasts of th e m s r a s Euxine , of which its fleet was i t ess far as the r entr anc e of the B ospo us . On its currency the city is l — r ikened to a sea eagle seizing its prey in the wate s .

1 o Obv. e of . 2 . R nd h a um . . Ap llonia. ad y c B H ad Apollo ’

Rev. . c r s r e s e . . rs . A An ho . Magi t at nam Wt g 2 2 . h nd um R a c . B . r c . e . Gor Apollonia ad y Obv. An ho R v - 5 e 0 rs . gon h ad . Wt . g

c m l s or m This ity stood , on a s al i land pro ontory through which the Rhy nd a cus flows before emptyin g s Pr n e s e r m r it elf into the opo tis . Th e coins wer fo e ly t r s e ma t a t ibute d to A tacu s in B ithynia . Th y y be a li tle 4 r B 00 . late than . C .

2 - - 3 . m s . . Obv. s ea rse v e re . Rev La p acus EL Half ho , in in w ath .

I 235 rs . c s e s re . n u qua Wt . g “ One of the La mps a cene staters mentione d in Attic

s cr s e s ers s . in iption , togeth r with tat of Cyzicu About the e nd of th e fifth century the se coins wer e s upe r seded by o II c r r I. 1 5 a ur ency in pu e g ld . (See A . The sea horse is a symbol of Poseidon .

24 P r e . i d s l n . r o o B bv. e ae e e . O . Rev. H ad of Apollo , w a ing t nia 6 1 rs HO PA Z I . re c se s re . . . O A Ly , in in u qua Wt g

Por d os ilen e w a s one of th e little islands called H e ca t on c e s m nesi in the hannel betwe n Le bos and the ainland . 2 5 . c . B . re on rs e . Rev. A AP. Obv. C c Dardanus Figu ho ba k o k ,

c s e s re . 7 2 7 rs . in in u qua . Wt g

The re ve rs e of this coin bear s a monogram composed of e r s I H c is to Z en is the l tte , on whi h account it attributed , m r B e r r s . o n sat ap of olis , und A taxerxe Mne on The figure hor s eback h a s bee n e r rone ous ly supposed to represent the m e c s fa ous que n Mania , his wife , and su cessor in the atrapy .

‘ ’ - 2 s . Z KH I N. s ea rs e . e 6 . B . bv. P Scepsi O I O Half ho R v. alm

s . 5 9 rs . t ree and grape . Wt g M S ce psis had belonged to ania, but after her death De r c llid as r n s s y the Spa ta got po ses ion of this town , and

t r the r n r B . C. 399 res o ed sove eig powe to the citizens , .

This is probably th e date of the coin . PERI I A . OD I .

PLAT E 2 Me th mn a 7 . B . . bv. r . v of h er e l e O Re . e P s y Boa H ad alla , h m t

r e Pe s s . r c r c e rs M Q MNA| O Z c c , ado n d with ga u A Y , in a hai ha a t

on s . rs . both s id e Wt . g

e r c e P th e The pur a chai styl of the head of allas , ancient ’ f m e e r i e n or s of the l tt s , and the Eubo c w ight of the coi , m m B C 4 . 80 . ark it as not uch , if at all , later than .

’ 2 B . 8 . . c e s e Mytilene Obv. Two alv h ad s face to face ; b etwe e n I s s 6 r e ree R ev. c e re . . 1 9 s . th m a t . n u qua Wt g

r m This coin , in spite of its globular fo , is not of archaic m It m r work ; neither is the etal pure . see s , therefo e , to

belong to the latter part of the fifth century .

l z m n 2 B . 9 . C a o e ae . bv. re r of e r Rev. I c s e O Fo pa t wing d boa . n u

1 0 8 rs . s quare . Wt . g

n r r B C . 480 An early coi , but p obably not befo e . , and 2 1 P r i A I . s l . ater than No of e od ., notwith tanding the fact

that the reverse bears no type .

30 . . B . b C r KO AO Q NIQ N r r . Colophon O v. D ( et og ad e) H e ad of

re e . Rev. re c s e s re . . 83 r . Apollo , lau at Ly in in u qua Wt g s A coin of Colophon under Pers ian rule ; the weight is P that of the ersian siglos , and the style of art transi i n t o a l . 3 1 . . B . EZ | O N. B e E¢ e . Rev. I c e s u bv. s Ephesus O n u q are . 2 0 5 rs Wt . g . This Ephesian silver stater belon gs to about the middle c e of the fifth entury . The bee is conn cted with the r m worship of the Ephesian A te is , and was the badge of

the city .

32 . Er th rae . B . Obv N e l r c rs e y . ak d youth ho ding in a p an ing ho ,

c is s EPY . b ee or s Rev. G) er c s e whi h tung by a wa p . Flow in in u

s re . 7 2 qua Wt . grs . A coin of the best transitional style ; the bee is pr o m m e bably only the sy bol of a agistrat .

33 . . B . b Gr ffi r e e e O v. r s e v r e Teos i n with fo paw ai d ; abo , a b a d d

m s . R ev I c 1 r . s e s r e 7 8 s . a k n u qua . Wt . g

34 . . B . b s m r e c O v. e e e re v Chios Sphinx , at d b fo a pho a ; abo whi h ,

es Rev. I c s e s re . . rs . bunch of grap . n u qua Wt g

m th e n is Chios was fa ed for its wine , and Sphi x a s is r symbol of Dionysus . This tater not of the fi st r f b u t l the cu rency o the island , be ongs to the period of — m B . C. 47 8 41 2 . Athenian do inion , —4 0 23 B 480 0 . . C .

m ’ . B . f x 35 . bv. s s c . . re r o o O Rev. Z A Sa os Lion alp Fo pa t , in

c s r 203 rs . in u e s qua e . Wt . g m l A c o of the atter end of the fifth century . The ox s m m was the y bol of Hera , the tutelary goddess of Sa os .

” ‘ B . h . bv K . e t 3 6 . O Z N e e re r r e O . Cos ak d athl t , p pa ing to hu l

th r r . Cr c s e s re . di s c us ; b ehind him e p iz e t ipod R ev. ab in in u qua

2 50 rs . Wt . g Lin d us I s m s m Cos , , alysu , Ca iru , and Cnidus ade up the m Dorian Pentapolis . The te ple of the Triopian Apollo w a s near Cn idus the central point of this union .

B . m ra . r e Y NO . 3 Te bv. M 7 . O T er es e e . Rev H akl kn ling . ’ PIKO N s c se s r 2 4 rs PME . e e . 7 T E Lion h ad in in u qua Wt . g . This highly interes tin g little c oin was p rocured by r r th e Mr . Newton in the island of Cos . The obve se bea s m T mn e s s Termera m na e of y , a de pot of about the iddle r H w r n i i u of th e fifth c entu y . e a s p obably a s o of H s t ae s T mne s Te rmera m H men the son of y of , who erodotus 4 s s B . C. 80 tion as erving in the fleet of Xerxes in .

38 c P . . Obv. e P s Rev. e e rs s r Ly ia B . H ad of alla . H ad of ian at ap

e . 1 29 rs . in inc u s e ci rcl Wt . g

P r is The head of the ersian sat ap on this coin , if a

r r s c r s . port ait , the ea lie t which oc u on a coin The date ,

400 . B . C. judging by style , is about

B . bv. rri r r e s e s e r 9 As en d u s . O 3 . p Wa o a m d with hi ld and p a ‘ - EEF . r s e or ree e s R ev. (s tyl e archai c) . T i k lion Th l g , and lion ,

r the e c s e s re . . 1 63 rs . both unning , whol in in u qua Wt g

r s e s m Th e t i kelion , like the wh el , is suppo ed by so e to s r be a s ymbol of the sun . Thi opinion is bo ne out by - its c ombination on this coin with the lion , a well known solar symbol .

B . v ve c t he E e ru . Ob . 40 . Cyp s Bull , abo whi h gyptian wing d s c r ae s r the c r s e e the C r a ab u , and in f ont ux an ata ; b n ath , in yp ian

s s e re . c e r ARI. Rev. E e s re c s c hara t , agl with p ad wing , in in u qua

rs . Wt . g P e r This is a coin of a king of aphos , call d pe haps n n P r m a re fre Aris toph a tu s . Egyptia and e sian sy bols n s quent on Cyprian monume ts . The Cyprian derived them from the Phoenicians .

l h n B . bv Ra m cc e the e Eue t o 1 r . 4 . Cyp us O . , a ompani d by nam of

r c er R ev. Cr s c se s re . in the Cyprian cha a t . ux an ata in in u qua - 6 5 rs Wt . 1 9 g . 2 4 PERI 11 A OD . .

Euelth on T uk rid f l m was one of the e kings o Sa a is . r a m m f P m The is a sy bol o Aphrodite ande os .

42 . . B . bv e r s c h O . e b ow v c t e Cyprus H akl , with and lub , ad an ing ; ’ s s e v AALMELEK P s . R e . B oe c lion kin hang b hind him , in h ni ian ’

s f e r s e . 1 r c r c e rs . e e . 66 s . ha a t Lion , at d in i ld, am h ad Wt g

r s B . AZ BAAL 43 . . b l r e v. O v. R P oe c Cyp u Simi a . , in h ni ian

ev r s . rs chara ct ers . Lion d ou ing tag . Wt g .

B a almelek (47 0— 450) and Az b a al (450— 42 5) were Phoe r th e nicia n kings of Citium in Cyprus . They sha ed mi hegemony of the island with the Greek kings of Sala s .

8 . . B . Obv. ev r Rev AKAN IO N Acanthus Lion d ou ing bull . . G

the r r ers of r r . s re c a re e . s A qua , fou qua t whi h g anulat d . Wt g 424 B . m C . B r a sid a s About the year , the ti e of , the Chalcidian towns gener ally exchange the Attic for the

Phoenician standard . This coin of Acanthus is of the m B 424 l . C. . ater syste , after ZR 9 . . . D M Obv. s s o a s s r cr s e e v e ende iony u n ; in f ont , ow at d in a in

e Rev. r es . e a s s AI . e . MENA O N w and b n ath , a dog Vin ith g ap

2 60 rs . Wt . g m f A tetradrach o the Attic standard , struck about the

B . e middle of the fifth century C. The Dionysiac typ s of m Mend aea n this city refer to the fa ous wine .

ZR . 1 0 . Ol . bv. r r R v. E e ynthus O Cha iot ee d ri ving quadriga . e agl

c s e s re . . rs . flying, in in u qua Wt g This is an archaic tetradrachm of th e important city of B B i a n s Ol . C . 47 9 ott ae ynthus , struck soon after , when the were expelled from Olynthus and the Chalcidian popula a z u mm m tion res tored by Arta b s . The type ma y co e orate

an Olympian victory in the chariot race . 4 — 4 B . C. 4 ZR M 98 5 . 1 1 Al I . . bv. . exander of acedon , O Man

rr s e rs s on the r er s e rs e . Rev. c a ying two p a , tanding fa th id of a ho EEANAPO r c s e s re c u r r e AA , ound an in u qua , ontaining a q ad ipa tit

re . rs . s qua . Wt g m I An octadrach of Alexander . , of the type and standard of the coins of the B is altae ; struck after his B is a ltia n m 480 acquisition of the silver ines in .

41 — I. B . C . 3 3 9 . . 1 2 . c 9 B rs e e r Ar helaus , Obv. Ho man w a ing

X AO . rs . AP EA k a usia c s r e s e . Rev and hlamy , and a m d with two p a

r e r r c s e s re . . rs . Fo pa t of goat to ight , in in u qua Wt g

LATE r . bv rn s In ex ZR . s e the . . . P L . O T O 1 3 . a issa . Man izing bull by ho

H 110 t he e c s e s re . APlZ Al . rs e Rev. A o ga ping ; whol in in u qua

94 rs . Wt . g The Thessalian youths were renowned for their skill in m catching bulls and ta ing horses .

ZR. r . o s c c R K . r 1 4 bv C w . ev. O P l . Co cyra O . u kling alf Flo a - er s o c e r e s of Alcinoiis . . 1 69 rs . patt n, all d ga d n Wt g I 1 8 B . . Cf. . — ZR. 1 5 1 8 . . O e r R ev. I c s e s r bv. oe c . e Thebes B otian bu kl n u qua , 1 5 c G EB . r er of res in whi h ( ) A Ha monia , daught A and

m . 1 r e and e of C s s e e e me . 85 rs . Aph odit , wif ad u , at d, holding h l t Wt g 9 — 2 7 B . 480 400 . C.

1 6 B . Her b o c G E es w . . ( ) akl , walking, holding and lub Wt i E er es s r h s . s BAIO . . 1 85 gr . G S H akl t inging bow Wt rr off th De c 8 rs EBAIO N. er es c e 1 8 g . S H akl a ying lphi

r . 1 rs . t ipod Wt . 84 g Thes e Theban c oins a re fin e e xamples of the style of mm P e a re art i ediately pr ec e ding that of hidias . Th y all s 430 previou to . — 2 e . A . 1 9 3 . v. E O l e b e of e . Re G w v Ath ns O v. H ad Ath na and oli 1 9 D m r c c s e s re . . 6 59 b an h , in in u qua ( ) ecadrach (wt 2 0 e r r m 2 1 D c m 2 65 . ( ) T t ad ach (wt . ( ) idra h (wt 2 2 2 r m 6 5 2 3 e m m 1 9 ( ) D ach (wt . ( ) H idrach

(wt . It s r c m e 2 28 to I B . 7 is in t u tive co pare th se coins with . , “ ” th e c ns a r e r c s e r e r r r c later oi a hai tic , the a li t uly a haic Th e e in style . archaic style and xecution of th e Athenian mone y is to be accounte d for by th e fact that any alte r a tion in the appe ar ance of coins havin g so wide a circ ula a s e e s m m r r tion thos of Ath n ight have da aged the i c edit . This fixed hier atic c har acte r of the c oin age of one of the r e s H e n c c e s m s g ate t ell i iti re ain , however, an isolated fact e m s m in Gre k nu i atics .

in 24s a . ZE B . . Obv. . r s e Rev I c s e s re g Al Land to toi . . n u qua v e five c r e s W c t he e e rs I di id d into ompa tm nt , ithin whi h l tt N and 1 89 rs dolphin . Wt . g . ’ c n ZE in a r ekur The oi s of g we e popularly called x va z. s e e r e s e m e 4 B . C. 5 6 Thi island c as d to st ik ilv r on y in , e c me th e e e m r when it b a part of Ath nian pi e .

2 5 r . JR . e s s Obv. P e e . Rev. Co inth ga u ; b n ath , koppa . H e ad of

P s e . . rs . alla ; b hind , koppa Wt g ’ r m m c mbk o r The state s of Corinth were so eti es alled , on Pe e r e n account of the gasus which th y bo . I the e arlies t period the name of the city w a s s pelt with a koppa s K c i s e r s r s (Q in tead of ) , whi h aft rwa d etained as a di tin in m r c n e e g uish g a k on its oi ag . N xt to the money of e s c rc i Athens , that of Corinth had the wid t i ulation n the

r c e r e B . C . c h fifth and fou th ntu i s , espe ially in t e districts r r to the no th of the Co inthian Gulf, and in Sicily and I Southern taly . — 2 6 4 . . JR . E PLAT 2 6 3 Obv. e s e r e . Rev E Elis ( ) agl , with p nt . F A. 2 7 e r . . 2 rs . FA 1 8 Obv. h AEIO N. E e Thund bolt Wt g ( ) agl , wit

R . s er e . ev F A. N e r c rr re p nt ik unning, a ying w ath . Wt . 2 8 r of e rs . r s e . . 1 85 rs . 2 9 Obv g ( ) Simila , lat tyl Wt g ( ) .

e of the O e s . Rev. F A. e r H ad lympian Z u Thund bolt , in lau rel 2 8 E IOD II B P R . .

30 re h . . 1 85 rs . Obv. e er e r w at Wt g ( ) H ad of H a, w a ing upright

F . e Rev. er s s . re . 1 8 r t phano A Thund bolt , in w ath Wt . 7 g s . 3 1 e r Obv. E e v re . Rev. F . N e s e e on s e ( ) agl d ou ing ha A ik at d a ba . f In t he e er e r c o re . . 1 83 rs Th x gu , a b an h lau l Wt g . [ e re ve r s e s c e M e of s c w a r . . t he e r ver typ thi oin opi d by T Wyon , ng a of t he s r c c e r e the e of 32 e er . Obv m dal t u k to omm mo at battl Wat loo ] ( ) . ’ f r E e s e e o P . R ev. F . er agl h ad and l af b yonia ( ) A Thund bolt, in 3 3 re . . 1 85 rs . Obv. E e ev r m ra Rev. w ath Wt g ( ) agl d ou ing . - 34 F er . . 1 90 8 rs bv. E A . Thund bolt Wt g . ( ) O agl e d evouring

re . Rev. FAAEIO N. er s one e x ha Thund bolt , with two wing ; tr e e . 1 rs . emity o rnam nt d Wt . 83 g The series of the staters of Elis is one of the most a u w v ried and beautif l in the hole range of Greek coins . Artists of the highest abilities wer e employed at this r mint . The types efer to the worship of Z eus and Hera mm at Olympia . The diga a was not abandoned on the f m m s coins o Elis until Ro an ti e .

- 3 5 rt n a . r 5 38 . . 3 o . E s e . ZR G bv e re Crete ( ) y O u opa at d in t e . 3 6 . 1 89 r e r r e . . rs . R ev. F O PTVNIO N ( t og ad ) Bull Wt g ( ) R Ita nu s . b r e . ev. r s r I . O v. T iton t iking with t id nt TA Two 3 7 P t 1 3 rs . a . s ce c . 7 r s er e e . Obv. ma ine p nt , fa to fa Wt g ( ) h es us re r r e e c s Cre r EEAXANO Z ( t og ad ) . V l hano (a tan fo m of Ze us) s e e on t he s of ree c c on his ees R ev at d tump a t , with a o k kn . . 3 P ae s 8 . . . rs . bv. ¢ AIZ T . Bull Wt g ( ) h stu O Herakl es e t h e e r ae r his ee is th e cr c ; . Rev. ont 'nding with L n an Hyd a at f t ab

< AIZ IO N. . 1 81 rs . D T Bull . Wt g The coins of the Cretan c ities a r e r emarkable for the unconventional style in which the s ubjects repres e nted m m r fin e a re . treated So e of the are ve y works of art , r r Th e r n others sur prisingly ba ba ous . coins of Go ty a r r Z th e rm refe to the abduction of Eu opa by eus , in fo of s s re c r a bull . The a si tance rende d by the ab to the hydra n s B ib li h 3 8 m ot . . 5 (No . ) is e tioned by Apollodoru ( ii , Some of these C retan coins ma y wit h equal probability m be given to the earlier half of the next century , as any of them a re r e -struck on coins of Cyrene which ca n

r r B . C . 40 0 hardly be e a lie than .

ZR. a s co s cr c rs 3 9 . . . Obv. Io w e e Euboea Eretria , a , at hing h lf ; - C e fis h . . 2 6 5 rs . r . Rev E. on he r ba ck a bi d . uttl Wt g In Euboea the s pot was shown on which Io w a s be lieved e a s c to have been kill d , as well the ave in which she gave ’ " r c s c r birth to Epaphus . The bi d on the ow ba k is pe haps Z r m m eus, who , in the fo of a bird , guided Her es to the place where Hera had tied To to a tree . 4 0 — 00 29 B . C. 8 4 .

II. C .

PL T S — A E 15 17 .

ZR. PLAT 1 . . Obv. e G r r h l e er E Etruria Wing d o gon unning, o ding in ith I s er e . R ev. E I. r c c e e v e hand a p nt (D A hai wh l , ha ing long axl

e cr s se s c rv r s . rs . b am o d by two band u ing outwa d Wt . g

c F aesul r This oin has been attributed to ae . The Go gon is m r hi m - the sy bol of the wo s p of the oon goddess , the - of II 3 I . . . 9 II . wheel of that of the sun god ( A ; . C Th e e ma b e th e m dat y about iddle of the fifth century , or r r e - P r s e a lie . The w ight standard is e ic .

m u . At . 2 . C Obv. e e e e . R v. KV AIO N Ca pania m F mal h ad . M - re r r e . ss el s e ve c s r s e a s er e . ( t og ad ) Mu h ll ; abo whi h , pi t ix ( p nt)

rs . Wt . g This coin may be as signed to th e period of prosperity which Cumae enjoyed after her deliveranc e from the

I r B . C 4 7 4 . Etruscans by Hiero . of Sy acuse , .

l . B . Obv. e P s e e ve 3 . Neapo is H ad of alla ; h lm t bound with oli . S rc c c r c r - e NEHO VIT E e s . e e . R v. (in a hai ha a t ) Man h ad d bull

1 1 5 rs . Wt . g m ZR . 4 . r . . Obv. TAPANT IN N r s Q . Calab ia Tarentu Ta a , e e e s re r s e s e e c e , , nak d h lm t d holding aplu t and ound hi ld at d on ba k'

of e e c fish . R ev. s e e d ista fi dolphin b n ath whi h , Man , at d, holding ,

er s . rs . at whi ch a young panth jump . Wt g The seated figure ma y represent the Demos of Taren r of Q hi c m l tum . The p esence on t s oin co pe s us to place r it in the last years of the fifth centu y .

’ r . ZR. f r s . l b . e o e e 5 . v s s O . Lucania He ac ea H ad H akl , in lion kin

e H E. . . 20 8 rs . R v. Lion Wt g

H B . C. 433 . eraclea was founded by the Tarentines , This

is one of its earliest coins . m ntu . ZR. . Ea r c r ta o . Rev. Me bv. ME 6 . O p TA of o n Apollo ,

e r c . . rs . nak d , holding b an h and bow Wt g

R . P s e e ium . J b e Thur O v. ve 7 . H ad of alla ; h lm t bound with oli ;

ve Rev. G O Y PIQ N. e l ere abo , Bull , walking , with h ad ow d ;

fis h . r . e r . In e er e . s b en ath , bi d x gu , Wt g

urium l Th , on the Tarentine Gu f, was one of the latest It o f all th e Greek colonies in Italy . was colonized from 443 e a B . C . s Athens about , and occupied a position n r the ite s P of the des er ted Sybaris . The tyle of the head of allas

m I . ma I . 3 on this coin y be co pared with C of Neapolis . P RI E OD II. C .

8 . . B . l Obv. em e e ear a em of arl s Ve ia F al h ad , w ing di d pe . Rev.

VEAHT EQ N. ve c owl . rs . Lion ; abo whi h , flying Wt . g

9 . B u u tt . r . ZR . Obv. e Caulonia Apollo , nak d, holding b ran ch ; e a rm e e e on e er s e e l ft xt nd d ; ith id of him , a dolphin . R v.

KAYAQ NlATAZ . . . rs Stag Wt g . None of the money of this city appears to be later in t B date than the end of the fifth cen ury . C.

1 0 . . B . b E Croton O v. agl e per ch e d on the capital of a column of the I c r er the - e r e r c . Rev . PO . r oni o d ; in fi ld , a lau l b an h Q T ipod ,

e c e one e . 1 1 6 r with a fill t atta h d to handl Wt . g s . T his is the tripod of the Pythian Apollo who was r s r m P hi wo hipped at C oton , in a te ple called the yt on .

1 1 . Pa nd os ia . ZR. Obv NAO Z lA r c . fl A c c r c er (in a hai ha a t s) . e of Pa nd os ia e r r e the e H ad nymph , w a ing b oad diad m ; whol in - Z rc c c l re re . R ev. KPA | r c e s au l w ath ® (in a hai ha a t r ) . River Cra this e s er ve- r c nak d , tanding, holding pat a and oli b an h ; at his

fi rs . e e s h . f t , a . Wt g The archaic forms of the letters on this coin are not

s wi th e le . consi tent th sty of art , which is that of the m in i iddle or latter portion of the fifth century . The s cr p ff m tion is therefore an a ectation of archais . 1 2 ’ m . s c . ZR s ca . R v. . S bv. L e E I O R C NO . Rhegiu ion lp , fa ing e r e re e s s e e his r re s on s f B a d d figu , nak d to wai t , at d, ight ting ta f - e e his s e . Th e e re re . . rs . b n ath at , a dog whol in lau l w ath Wt g k I I . 4 The seated figure on this coin , li e that on C . of m m ma f . Tarentu , y represent the de os o the city Coins of this type may date from the time of the expulsion of 4 1 th e B . C 6 despots , . .

1 3 . . ZR f N e e r cr ss re e em v. e o Terina Ob H ad ik , w a ing a o fo h ad diad r me e e c e er e ( I) the l e o na nt d with hon ys u kl patt n ; b hind , ; who in - re NAlO N. e N e or E re e re . Rev T EPI lau l w ath . Wing d ik i n ,

s e e on v s e h l c ce s r . . rs . at d a , o ding adu u and bi d Wt g This is one of the most exquisite productions of the ’ - ( ) s is art of die engraving . The I on the obver e the artist s hurium 2 2 T III. . II. . . 7 signature Nos C . , of , and C , of Pa n d os ia b e m , appear to by the sa e engraver, who was I doubtless well known in Southern taly . All the finest him coins of Terina of this period are by .

1 A . AKP. Ea ev r ser . ri n um . A7 bv. e PLATE 4 . Sicily g ge t O gl d ou ing ’ m s r e s e e e . Cr ea h e e e s . Rev e p nt ; b n ath , two p ll t ab ; b n t , agi t at nam ,

Z I AN . A O Z 2 0 4 rs . Wt . g 2 m e h e B C. 4 1 About the year . , gold oney app ars to av B 4 — 4 3 1 . C. 80 00 .

l h s been first coined in Sicily . The go d coins of t i first

r m . II 1 2 3 a e l . s . . 9 is ue all s al Cf C , of Catana ; , of Gela,

39 r . and , of Sy acuse i m ZR. 5 . A r e ntu . 1 bv AKRAC ANT O Z . E e on c l g g O . agl apita

Cr e e r rs . c . Rev. c r s c . . of olumn ab ; b n ath whi h , flo al oll Wt g This coin belongs to the beginnin g of the period to whic h it is he re clas sed .

n ZR . 1 A ri e tum . n 6 . n he o e Obv. e es s o re t g g Two agl , tanding ha ,

e r t he re the er r s it s e s cre . about to t a p y, oth ai ing h ad and aming In e t h e r e e r ve r- ve Z T PATQ N fi ld , ho n d h ad of a young i god abo , ’

Rev. K A . e r v (magi s trate s nam e) . A P F ANT INO N Nik d i ing - ‘ r ve e r c r es . . 2 67 8 rs . quad iga ; abo , vin b an h with g ap Wt g r B 4 s i ntum s . C. Ag r g e was de t oyed in 0 6 . Thi coin Th e v belon gs to its last years . style of the re e rse ma y ' be compared with some of the Syracusan coins of I Per iod I I.

1 m r . ZR . bv. KA NAI . 7 . Ca a ina O MAPI Q N H ead of young He ’ kl s s r ve- e r a es err . Rev. P s in lion kin ; in f ont , oli l af and b y alla r v r s he is c r e N e es ve . In d i ing quad iga ; own d by ik , who fli abo

e er e r c r . . rs . x gu , g ain of o n Wt g The le tter Q o c cu rs occas ionally on Sicilian coins before m e r 40 9 . r B h e r . C 4 t . 0 5 yea Ca a ina was d st oyed in .

- m . ZR. 1 8 . Obv. r e e n r ver Hi a ris Ca arina Ho n d h ad of you g i god pp , fi ’ c e er s e s r er ves . r s fa ing on ith id , a h ; all within a bo d of wa A ti t s

KAM . C r s e EYAI. Rev. N e e on s nam A ymph ama ina, at d wan , h e r v e a s s s s ver er e holding il a ail , and pa ing o wat ; b hind and

e e f s . . rs . b n ath , a i h Wt g This is one of the most poetical of the works of Evaen etu s ; unfortunately, it is not in very good pre s ervation .

A7 . 1 9 . . e of P s e r Obv. e e Catana H ad alla , w a ing h lm t a dorned with - Rev. KA. ve e ves err s c . e . . 1 8 rs hippo amp Two oli l a with b i Wt g . I 1 4 I . . . See above , C

B . 20 . . Obv. KATANAIEO N] . e of l r Catana H ad Apollo, au eate . r rses rs R ev. Quad iga ; ho walking . Wt . g .

2 1 . JR. Obv. KATANAIO N. e of . Catana H ad Apollo or River - AmenanuS P e re e err . Re god ; b hind, lau l l af and b y v. Quadr iga ;

cr e N e . . rs es rs . ho walking , own d by ik Wt g

r hm s B . C. 46 1 These tetrad ac s are ubsequent to the year , when the expelled inhabitants of Catana were reins tated b y the Syracusans . 3 2 PERI c. OD n .

2 2 . . ZR. b - O v. Gela C EAAZ . Fo repart of man h eaded bull (ri ver G s e . R ev. r rs es cr e b N e In e er e la ) Quad iga ; ho own d y ik . x gu , e s c e r me . rs . hon y u kl o na nt Wt . g

2 3 . . A7 l . Obv. rs e rme s e r e r Phr Ge a Ho man a d with p a , and w a ing y - e e . R ev. A r E AZ . F ore a rt of man e e ve gian h lm t p h ad d bull ; abo , r f c o r . . 2 rs g ain o n Wt 7 g .

h w as B 1 2 C. 4 40 T is coin struck between about . and 5 . m 2 2 The tetradrach , No . , is earlier .

2 4 . . B . b r - Gela O v. Ho n ed h ead of yo ung r i ver god Gelas ; hair ae r I s e s . EA O N. ree R ev. r Q bound with t nia ; a ound , th fi h - r r ve N e rs . b e l r . v ve e . Quad iga d i n by ik a o , o i w ath Wt g Th e presence of the letter ( 2 on this coin shows that m s l 40 5 l it u t have been struck short y before , when Ge a s r was de t oyed .

2 m 5 . . B . bv N m m r s r r e O . e c c l Hi era y ph Hi a, a ifi ing at a ta ; b hind ’ h e r e s e r c s s e s r s , Sil nu bathing und a fountain , whi h i u f om a lion

e ve r of c r EPAIO N re r r e . . R ev IM h ad ; abo , a g ain o n . ( t og ad )

r c r ee r c r N . rs Quad iga ; ha iot owned by ik e . Wt g .

m r B 40 8 f l Hi e a was destroyed in . C. . This beauti u coin l m t probab y dates fro abou t h e middl e of the century .

L n ini ‘ 2 6 . eo t ER . . Obv. VEO NT lNO N. e re e H ad of Apollo , lau at ; - e e l r ree re e ves . R ev. r c r eer b n ath , ion ; a ound , th lau l l a Quad iga ; ha iot

cr N In e er e . . 2 60 rs . e e . own d by ik x gu , lion Wt g This coin of the latest archaic style seems to be the work of the artist who engraved the famous Dema reteion r I ma e of Sy acuse (I . C . it y well have b en struck in tini B . L on C. 47 6 r t e , when Hie o es ablished at a colony of exiled Ca ta n aea n s and Na x ia ns .

ini 2 ont . 1 B . u e Le b of A ollo la r . R v. I 7 . O v. e VEO NT NO IN] H ad p , ’ f r . rc c c r c ers . s e r r r s o c (in a hai ha a t ) Lion h ad ; a ound , fou g ain o n

rs . Wt . g A coin of the purest transitional style of about the middle of the fifth century .

B . . re e e c . 1 N M Obv. MEZ Z ANIO 28 . essana Ha ; b n ath whi h ,

N e . Rev. r es c r eer cr e dolphin . Biga d awn by mul ; ha iot own d by ik

In e er e s . . rs . x gu , dolphin Wt g

The hare an d the mule-car were first adopted as coin r An a x ila u s types accor ding to A istotle by , who won a - O m victory with the mule car at ly pia , and is said to l have introduced har es into Sici y .

34 PERI 11 c . OD .

39 . AI . . Obv. e of er l es . Z Y P . Syracuse H ad H ak Rev. A Incuse s re v e r r s : th e ce re of c a e e qua , di id d into fou pa t in nt whi h , f mal

e 17 9 rs . h ad . Wt . g

l II. . 1 4 1 9 2 3 This coin , ike C , , and , dates from about B 41 2 . C. . The incuse square containing a female he ad is imitated fr om the earliest silver money of the city

B . . Z Y PAK Z I 40 . . Obv O O N. He of re s s ur Syracuse ad A thu a, ’ r e s on t he cr s s her re e th e r s ound d by dolphin ; band a o fo h ad , a ti t s

e EY MH NO Y . Rev. r the c r ee r cr e nam , Quad iga, ha iot own d by

W rs . Nik e . t g The engraver of this coin spells his name sometime s

H m m E. s r with an , so eti es with an Mo t of his wo k r c r appears to be ea lier than the end of the fifth entu y . This artist ma y be said to have introduc ed the highly ornate style which characte rises the Syracusan coinage of the age of Diony sius the Elder . ERI 1 3 P OD 1 1 . 5

— — I B . 40 IR A . C 0 33 6 . PERIOD II. C C

DURING the war in As ia Minor between the Spartan s r A e s ila u s P s n s c c e unde g and the er ia , Cyzi us ontinu d to s r r s s t ike her electrum state rs in la ge quantitie . On thi currency the inc us e reverse of ar chaic times was to the e e P o m P ce last r tain d . robably ab ut the ti e of the ea of Anta lcid a s s s m , or shortly afterward , thi fa ous coinage a d r s began to decline , n was gene ally super eded by a gold r n m s m ha ve cu re cy , of which La psacus ee s to been the r m p incipal int . s s m R s Ephe u , Sa os , Chios , and hodes now furni h the r r c e s la ger po tion of the silver curren y of w stern A ia Minor, i e P e s r wh le in the ast the ho nician citie of Sidon , Ty e ,

C . 400 r r and Ara d us be gin about B . to st ike la ge silver r coins , the circulation of which extended along the ca a van routes acros s the desert as far as the banks of the r r s Euph ate s and the Tig i . In P ae m the north the gold coinage of anticap u , the m Ke c m r c e odern rt h , is re a kable for its pe uliar w ight , as m w n In co pared with that of other to s . Macedon the gold a n d silver curre ncy of the Chalcidian Le ague was re m n a n i t s e P p do i nt u til was finally extingui h d by hilip , B 358 r m e . C e wh n about . he began to wo k the gold in s of P re - s th e e n hilippi , and organi ed coinag of the Macedo ian m 1 r e p e . In c entral Greece the chief c urren cie s were those of n In e s s r h . Pe e s s Th be , Athe , and Co int loponn u the e s u e r Mess nian and the Arcadians , nd r the p otection of m n n m Epa i o das , began to strike oney , though not in large

quantitie s . In Italy the rich gold and silver coinage of Tarentum was only rivalled by the s ilver of Ne apolis and Meta on um p t .

w B . 34 In . C 5 Sicily , do n to about , when the Dionysian e dynasty was finally expelled , the splendid coinag of Syracus e had only to c ompete with that of the Ca rtha

ginian dominions . After Sicily was freed from h e r tyr ants m e r Pe s by Ti ol on of Co inth , the gasus staters super ede the Dion s ii larger coins of the age of the y . 36 PERI 111 OD .

During this period the numismatic art reached the

highest point of excellence which it has ever attained . The devices on the coinage a re characterised by intensity m s e of action , pathos , char of bearing , fini h of xecution , m and rich orna entation . The head of the divinity on the obverses of the coins of numerous cities is repres ente d m m em e facing and in high relief. A ong the ost r arkabl a re Cla z omen ae R of these heads those of Apollo at , hodes , m m &c . , of Her es at Aenus , of Apollo at A phipolis , of the m m ny ph Larissa at the city of that na e in Thessaly, of n Pa nd os ia I Hera Laci ia at in southern taly, of Arethusa P Z s mm r and allas at Syracuse , and of eu A on at Cy ene . The fine head of Z eus on the silver coins of Phili p of Macedon was perhaps c opied from that of the famous Z Phi di statue of eus at Olympia by as . Among the most remarkable reverse-types are the Pa n seated figures of on the coin of Arcadia , and of

. l Herakles on coins of Heraclea and Croton As a ru e , r - a r e l n howeve , the reverse types ess varied and i teresting r r I than those of the latter pa t of Pe iod I . During this period it is not uncommon to find at certain e s i m th e m citi , especially n Sicily , the na e of artist in s all

r r l n . cha acte s , generally the field of the coin The principal sculptors of this period a r e the Athenians P r Scopas and raxiteles , and the p incipal extant works with which the coins should be compared are

s . s The Maus ol eum s culpture Briti h Mus eum .

s t e s . The Chor agi c monum e nt of Ly icra es . Ath n The s e of D s s r the C r c m e ofThra s llos tatu iony o f om ho agi onum nt y , 2 s 3 0 . r se . B . C . B iti h Mu um

The s e of er es Pr e es Ol . tatu H m , by axit l , found at ympia f s s o s m e s r s The e d o e r e r M . s h a A kl pio Z u f o lo B iti h Mu eum . Ni i s The s c res the ob d es c or Pr e es . C es ulptu of , by S opa axit l opi in

Florence . — B . C. 400 336 . 37

II A I . .

— PLATES 18 20 .

Pu rs 1 . P . A7 K ne b n r bv. l o O e w a d e . ersia ing k ing with dagg Rev. I c s e . D r c . 1 2 r 8 s . n u a i Wt . g 2 P A7 . . b l how s e r. Rev ersia O v. Youthfu king with and p a n m k D r I c s u ter a r ed . a rio. s Co . . n u e . ( ) Wt g P - 3 . . .ZR. f h Obv. e re o h ow rr s ersia Half l ngth figu king wit and a ow . i l 2 I c s S us . . 8 rs . R e e . v. n u g Wt g 4— 7 . . . ers . 248 rs . of the es er of a rt Cyzicus EL Stat (wt g ) b t p iod . ' 7 e m e No . , with the head of the v iled De eter, is esp cially e r beautiful . The incuse r ve se of these coins is a survival of th e ar chaic style which prevailed when the electrum

coinage of Cyzicus commenced .

D r 8 . . ZR. Z Q T EIPA. e of e e e or Perse . h e Cyzicus Obv H ad m t p on . ’ KY I I. s e . . rs . Rev. Lion h ad, and tunny Wt g O l h l ne of the gems of Greek art, but unfortunately s ig t y

worn . — m H f . 9 1 3 . e cta e , of electru , of the period o finest art

40 rs . Wt . about g Many of the towns of the western coast of Asia Minor

n m r e . h e c t a e c ur belo ged to a oneta y l ague These , the renc e m m y of the union , wer probably issued so eti es at one

m m t m . int , so e i es at another

1 4 . . A7 b N e s cr c ra m. Rev. E e s m l Abydos O v. ik a ifi ing agl ; y bo

s re the e c s e s r e . . 1 2 9 rs . aplu t , whol in in u qua Wt g h Abydos , on the Asiatic side of t e Hellespont , began , l m s c m ike La p a us , to coin oney in pure gold about the r year 400 or perhaps a little ea lier . There were gold

mines within the territory of the city .

1 — 1 9 m es 1 5 e of e wt A7 . ers . . 5 . La psacus . Obv ( ) H ad Ma nad ;

rs 1 6 De e er r s r the s wt . rs . g . ( ) m t i ing f om oil ; g

re e wt . rs 1 7 He ad of Po s eidon in c oni cal lau at hat ; g .

e ea r wt . rs 1 8 Head of Bacchante with point d ; g .

rs . R everses . s ea 1 9 Nike erecting a trophy ; wt . g Half

horse . m The gold coins of La psacus , which superseded the 23 I . I . older electrum staters (cf. A ) about the end of l B . C. the fifth century , continued to be issued unti about PERI III A OD . .

m m the ti e of Alexander. A ong them are to b e found some of the most beautiful specimens of Greek art in

c ow s . 20 2 1 . . B . Obv. a rm h ea m le and e l e cch s , Tenedos J nifo d, a f ma , Ba u im - D or hus Rev. ENE N T AIO . D a x e e . In e m is p oubl fi ld, ag ’ r e s e er s m s two l s . Wt s . 200 rs . t at l tt and y bo g and 55 grs . ne s h m h s Te do appea'rs to ave coined silver oney of t i d ifierent h : in type at three epoc s first , the early period , P B l r of before the ersian wars , on the aby onic standa d ( .

I. . m l d A second , about the ti e of A exan er the Great , W l m P P e hen the is and revolted fro ersia, on the ho nician d f h stan ard , o w ich coinage these t wo specimens are m i l h B . C. 1 89 of I exa p es ; and , t rd , about ( . V . A . on h t e Attic standard .

22 H r l i . e a c e a . ZR. Obv. e of kl er es . e IA. H ad H a R v. H PAKAE leia e of c Hera c . . 1 7 rs H ad ity Wt 7 g .

f H era cleia P l This is a coin o ontica, struck probab y f Sa t r u B — s . C. 3 53 34 in the reign o the Tyrant y 7 . 2 3 Meth mna . . ZR . bv. e f s O o P l . e R v MA . y H ad al a . G Y MNAIO N

r n s re c se . 99 rs . Ly e o rai sed qua within in u . Wt g

P 1 9 . 2 la z m n A7 I LAT 4. o e ae . He f C bv. o ll fa e . O c Rev. KAA E ad Apollo , fu O

88 rs . AG HNAFO PAZ . Swan . Wt . g

l z menae . B . t 25 2 6 . C a o Sl mila r b u i H PAKAEIA and , , w th

NO . 2 6 s ha s th P NAE . rs . e en MANA Q Wt . g al o ’ — . rs . gr ave r s s ignature G EO AO TO Z ErlO EI. Wt g In the territory of Cla z omen ae there was a temple m o of Apollo ; the swan is one of the sy b ls of this god , m m m m Nonnu s who so eti es even assu es its for ( , Dionys . m . h f s ii T e delta o the Her us abounds in wild swan , and the name of Cla z omen ae ma y be due to their shrill r h m m c ies . T e above coins are agnificent exa ples of the full-face type of Apollo ; they ma y be compa r ed with

R m l s . - coins of hodes , Aenus , A phipo is , and Syracu e The fashion of placing full-face he ads on the coinage is

characteristic of the fourth century .

I J or s r . 2 7 . ? R. ea of Pers k Colophon or asus Obv. H d ian ing at ap

Rev. B Z I . re . . rs A A Ly Wt g . A striking portrait of a Persian satrap perhaps Phar n a b az us or Tis s a herne s n tia ra l , p , weari g the , not the roya ' kid a rzs t h . The reverse indicates hat t e coin was struck by

the authority of the Great Kin g . Bra 400-336 39 .

m ’ 8 . . B . b O v. 2 . s s c . Rev. I f Her 2 Sa os A Lion alp Z Y N. n ant a

kles s r s er e s 1 7 8 rs . t angling p nt . Wt . g 2 9 fR. ) . s . bv. B ee e e H E. Rev. As re O Ed . Ephe us ; b n ath , p 6 rs e Wt 1 7 6 . c ding coin . g s m l These two coins , with others i i ar, of Rhodes , Cnidus I a re r l e o and asus , valuable histo ica r c rds of an alliance e r s e s B 94—38 . C. 3 7 nte ed into by the e five citi , , for the m r n aintenance of thei independe ce and neutrality in , the c n a n s o flict between Sp rta a d Athens . The type elected for s rr r m e e s III B thi coinage is bo owed f o coins of Th b ( . . s m th e r It at thi ti e g eat rival of Sparta . also occurs c e c s o r I c B . C. 3 89 on rtain oin f C oton , in taly, stru k about , th e r e I m when G eek coloni s of southern taly, enaced by m s s I. S e Diony iu of yracus , for ed an alliance for their m utual defence .

3 . ) 0 . ER . bv. . B ee . e l Ephesus O Ed R v. AP Z TO AHMO Z - ree . 2 34 rs For epar t of s tag and palm t . Wt g

e c m s P A sp i en of the Ephe ian coinage , between the eace m m c B of Ant a lcid a s and the ti e of Lysi a hus . oth the stag m and the bee refe r to the worship of Arte is .

31 . B . b . r n . O v a d r es . Rev Chios Sphinx , ampho a , g ap . h r - BAZ IAEIAHZ on t e c s s b a r of c s e s re . o an in u qua Wt . 2 s 2 3 gr . The magistrate’s name marks this coin as of a later P II 34 . . date than No . of eriod A

3 2 ZR. . . Obv. e o f the C r e . Re Cnidus H ad nidian Aph odit v.

F re r of l c se s re . . 2 33 O . rs . EO B Q A o pa t ion , in in u qua Wt g A coin apparently of the early part of the fourth century .

3 fR. Ma u lu . 3 . s o s Ob e of c v. Rev. H ad Apollo, fa ing . MAYE Lab ra nd u s rr Z Q AAO . e s e c e a xe Ad Z u , a ying doubl ( p s) and

s ce re . rs . pt . Wt g

Ma u s olus a l B C . was s trap of Ha icarnassus and Caria , . - 37 7 353 .

i A7 34 P x od a rus . b . O v. e of fil r e . Re H ad Apollo, in p o v. r 64 rs H IEQ AAPO . Simila . Wt . g .

Pix od a ru s . JR . bv. e of c 35 . O l . Rev. m H ad Apo lo , fa ing Si ilar .

1 08 rs . H IEQ AAPO Y . Wt . g

d arus 340— 3 Pix o 35 . The date of was During this O in C period the genitive in is superseded by that V. PERI III OD . A .

P 2 0 . 3 6 . COS . B . LAT Obv. e f e r e o er es . Rev. K I E H ad b a d d H akl Q O N. Crab

c e e A I . l Q N . 230 r and ub ; b n ath, Wt g s . It is ins t ruc tive to compare the style of th1 s c om with r V P I . 32 that of e iod A . No . . R 3 7 . A7 . Obv. e of el s l ce his a hodes H ad H io , fu l fa , h ir arranged

c s s es ve of r s . R ev. PO AIO N. R s e in lo k ugg ti ay o with bud , and -s r es th v e r e e c s e s re . in p ay with g ap whol in in u qua Wt . grs .

a Lind u s I The three ancient cities of the isl nd , , alysus , m m B C 40 8 and Ca irus , co bined in . . to found the city of R is hodes . This coin one of the fine st Greek coins whic h m . M . n have co e down to us Waddington , on accou t of the l r incuse square , p aces it in the first half of the fou th cent . , ma but it y belong to the second half.

38 . Rh . ZR. m r l . th l e e . . rs odes Si i a Sphinx in fi d Wt g .

39 . . B . Obv. e of P ll s c l e r e . R ev Lycia H ad a a , and Ly ian tt . Head f e r e er es c s r o c . r b a d d H akl , and Ly ian in iption Wt . g s . The inscriptions on the Lycian coins of the fourth m m m m w century designate so eti es dynasts , so eti es to ns .

40 . . B . AAL RS the Obv. B TA r c c r c er Tarsus , in A amai ha a t . f rs s e e on r e s ce e s o s re . e er s Z u Ta u , at d th on , holding pt L tt and

r h . Rev. r c s cr g ap es in t e fi eld A amai in iption . Lion d evouring

b e e e c . . 1 7 1 rs . ull ; b n ath , wall d ity Wt g

Th e Aramaic inscription on the reverse contains the m Ma z a eus c na e of , the satrap or ruler of Cili ia , under I m whose authority the c oin was struck . t a y be trans ” l z a u wh o - Ma e s . ated , is over Eber nahara and Cilicia

’ 1 s . A7 He of er es 4 bv. l c . O s s Cypru ad H ak , fa ing, in lion kin . e B S I LE 0 S E GO R0 the C r cha R v. A YA , in yp ian

3 1 5 rs . Moufii on. . ra cter . Wt g 41 0— I 37 5 . Eua gora s . reigned about

A7 BA. e 43 . Obv. l e e e r ae W 42 . i , Cyprus F ma h ad, w a ing t nia, th - 42 NI. 1 2 43 e e r ec s . Rev. . 3 rs . l af lik p oj tion ( ) Wt g ( ) fl N,

1 28 rs e of r e rre e . Wt . g . H ad Aph odit , tu t d

Pn ta ora s m 35 1 —332 Nicocre on m y g reigned fro , and fro — 1 2 r r 331 3 . Du ing this period the use of the Cyp ian

character is di scontinued .

B . oe c e er s . Rev. of . K Obv. P 44 . Sidon h ni ian gall y und ail ing r e r I t h Pers ia in chariot drive n by his cha iot e . n e fi eld is th e s e th e c s e s Wt re r of c e re . . fo pa t a goat , in u ; whol in in u qua 2 rs 42 8 g .

PERI III B OD . .

III. B .

PLATES 2 —2 1 3 .

P P a m 1 . . A7 LAT . Obv. e of Pa n c e E anticap eu H ad , fa ing, with point d ‘ e rs s eve e r hea rd . Rev. r AN. Gr f a and di h ll d hai and i fin , holding hi s e r s e e s c r . rs p a in mouth ; b n ath , a talk of o n Wt . g .

P a m 2 . . A7 Obv. e e r e Pa n r e e r anticap eu H ad of b a d d , in p ofil , w a ing

re of iv . R ev r l s . . rs . w ath y . Simila to a t Wt g h m w The Greek colonists connected t e na e of this to n , od Pa n P n which is probably Scythian , with the g . . a ti c a aeum mm r B m n K r c p , on the Ci e ian osporus , the oder e t h , m c It e was an i portant comm e rcial ity . b gan to coin m m m P l M gold oney about the sa e ti e as hi ip in acedon , or

earlier .

3 . B . . ea of . Q N ll . Rev. Obv. ABAH PIT E Abder'a H d Apo o Gr f . . rs . Er l IKEZ IO Y . i fin Wt g

B . er es c e r e s s . Re . 4 . bv e of v . Aenus O . H ad H m , fa ing, w a ing p ta u

O N. G e rc . . rs . AlNl oat ; in fi ld , to h Wt g Among the coins of Ae nus are to be found some of the n fines t examples of the full face on ancient coi s . The p r actice of representing the human fac e in this manner

upon coins is peculiar to the best period of art . Cf.

m i &c . Rhodes , A ph polis , Syracuse ,

APQ . Pr c rs e . Rev. Erl l B . bv. M 5 Ma ron e a . O . an ing ho

e s m c ce s . . rs . IKEZ IO . Vin y bol , adu u Wt g

a r on e a l The coinage of M , like that of al the other cities M P of Thrace and acedon , was put an end to by hilip

50 . B . C 3 a b out .

ev. L c ceius . B . Obv. e of ll . R Pa . 6 . eonia y H ad Apo o W 1 98 rs er es L . t. . AY KKEIO Y . H akl and ion g

5 9— 340 r C. 3 Ly cceiu s (B . ) was the fi st of the independent s e m1 kings of Pae onia . The coins of this district are

barbarous .

Rev. B . bv. e of c . m . O 7 , 8 . A phipolis H ad Apollo , fa ing R ce- r c r me t he e AMCDIFIO AIT EQ N. a to h within a f a , whol in

2 17 5 rs . re Wts . rs . inc us e s qua . g and g 437 l . C B . Amphipo is was founded in , and it ceased to . Ph 1 11 strike autonomous coins when it be came s ubject to p fin e S of Mace don in 35 8 . The silver taters of this city

are remarkable for intensity of expression . — 43 B . C. 400 336 .

AI Q N. 9 . . . e l AKIAE of . Rev. XA Chalcidice Obv. H ad Apo lo ' ’ re e e m s r e s me Ell l EYAQ PIAA. . Ly ; b n ath , , agi t at na , Wt - 132 6 rs g .

1 0 1 1 . . B . s ver s ers s r t o the , Chalcidice Two il tat , imila gold

s er v th e e of the s e rec . tat , but ha ing h ad Apollo in oppo it di tion

Wts . 2 2 2 rs r s 8 . g . and g

l u These are coins of the Cha cidian Leag e , struck at O r B 2 m P l C. 3 9 lynthus afte . , and before the ti e of hi ip s t r of Macedon . The head on this series exhibi va ieties of a ll m style , but are re arkable for strength and beauty of

work . ' 1 2 - . . B . 6v. G r e R . of ev. He Neapolis 0 o gon h ad . NEEO JFI ad

N e . 58 rs . re e . ik , lau at Wt g m I B m ma . 6 This coin y be co pared with . , of the sa e r e l city . The wo ship of Nike at N apo is is due to the s r r s s c h er Athenian ettle s the e , who a o iated with Athena , m e m of who th re was a te ple at Neapolis , called , as at s P Athen , the arthenon .

P l A7 1 3 . . of er s Obv. e e . Rev. ¢ IA| hi ippi H ad H akl a N.

r ve c e P r ca . . 133 rs . T ipod , abo whi h palm ; in fi ld , h ygian p Wt g

P Crenid es The town of hilippi , anciently called , was 358 In name d after Philip of Macedon in . the neigh b ourh ood m e c m were rich gold in s , whi h in the ti e of P a r e e i 1 00 0 hilip said to hav y elded talents a year, or more than

PLATE 2 2 — . B C. 390 389 Z 1 4 M . P . . R. . Obv. acedon ausanias , Young

e e e r ae . Rev. HAYZ ANIA. rs e mal h ad , w a ing t nia Ho . Wt .

rs P e c . g . lat d oin

' - 1 Am nta III B 9 369 . . 5 . s . c . 38 ZR . Obv. e y , H ad of b eard e d

er es . Rev AMY NTA. rse . . rs H akl . Ho Wt g .

i I — d I . B . C. 3 65 59 . Pe r c ca s I 3 . 1 6 . B Obv. e f , H ad o young AI rs er es . ev. H EP KKA. e . rs H akl R Ho Wt . g .

I 59— 336 3 A7 . 1 7 . P I. B . C. . Obv. e of ev. hilip , H ad Apollo . R ( C r eer rs DIAIfl rlO Y . ha iot in biga . Wt . g .

Thes e gold staters were iss ued by Philip at all the m ( - e . e math n ew t chief cities of his e pir They were call d , a n d are me ntioned b y Horace as rega le numis ma Philipp os

11 . (Epist . i . 44 PERI III. B OD .

P H . 1 8 . B . l Obv. e ( e s . Rev. DIAIr hi ip H ad of Z u lrl O Y . B oy

on rs e l a m. 2 24 . rs . ho , ho ding p l Wt g

’ The reverse types of Philip s coins refer to his victories m m at the Oly pian Ga es . The head of Z eus upon thi s

silver stater is a very fine work of art, and is probably a m O m Z Phi copy of the fa ous statue of the ly pian eus by dias .

1 9 . . . B . Obv. e of m a r s s c Thessaly Larissa H ad ny ph L i a, fa ing,

r e s r s the e . Rev. AA PIZ AIQ N. H rs but tu n d lightly towa d l ft o e . rs Wt . g . This beautiful head may be compared with that of t r c m III Are husa , st u k about the sa e period at Syracuse ( . m C . which it very closely rese bles .

20 . P r . B . P s e l b . e l T H . Re O v v. ha sa us H ad of al a ; b hind, ¢ APZ . s I er e A es rs e . n e T E E¢ ANTO re r r e Th alian ho man x gu , ( t og ad ) . 9 9 5 rs Wt . g . O m f h ne of these na es is that o t e engraver .

B — 2 1 . P a . Al r . C. 369 35 7 . ZR. bv her e exande , tyrant , O . Head

of e c e c th e e rc . Rev. AAEEANA P H at , fa ing ; in fi ld , a to h O Y . ’ r e rs e e e s on the rs e s r er A m d ho man b n ath , and al o ho hind qua t , a

b i ennis . rs . p Wt . g

B . 2 P a . . 2 . l Obv. e of ec e r her e A exander H ad H at ; in f ont , ’

EAN. L s e . . 92 7 rs r e . h c R v AAE . to h . ion ad Wt g

— 2 3 . . B . C. 342 325 . ZR . Obv. Epirus Alexander , Head of e r oak - re e EEA e s D . R v. AA NA PO Z u of odona , w a ing w ath Y

Y O O AEMO Y . er e e . TO NE HT Thund bolt and agl Wt . s gr . This coin closely resembles the gold stater of this king r m B . C 332 which he st uck at Tarentu whither he went , . , to a i h e Lu ca nian s B rutti n d t Greeks against the and a s . Cf.

1 1 . IV . C .

24 c O untl l . B . He of Pers e e Rev O I . Lo ri p ad phon . . HO NT Q N. ' the s on of O i e s rme s el s r s r Ajax , l u , a d with hi d and ho t wo d, in

e e ee his e s I Z . . rs . fighting attitud ; b tw n l g , A A Wt g

Ajax the Less was the national hero of the Locrians .

m . B . Deme r 2 . l . e of 5 . Obv e Delphi A phictyonic Counci H ad t , C h D N N. s e e on t e e ve e Rev. AM DIKT IO Q il d . Apollo , at d lphian s his r a rm res on re his e h l omphalo , ight ting ly ; in l ft and a ong

r c of re s m l r . . rs . b an h lau l , y bo , t ipod Wt g This coin was struck under the authority of the Am B 400—336 45 . C. .

hict onic l re - m p y Counci , probably when it asse bled after h m h B t e t e . C. 346 ter ination of Sacred War , , and conferred upon Phili p of Macedon the v otes in the council which r P had p eviously belonged to the hocians .

2 B oe ' m r 6 . . B . . bv. e AMI s e Rev. EF otia O Bo otian hi ld . A pho a ;

ve c r s e e . 1 88 rs abo whi h , o tt Wt . g .

’ The B oeota rch s name on this coin is that of the famous m Epa inondas .

— 2 7 2 9 . . B . oe s 2 7 G E. I e . Rev. Thebes Obv. B otian hi ld ( ) nfant

2 8 G) E. Am er es s r s er e s . . 1 87 rs . H akl , t angling p nt Wt g ( ) ‘ r se in w rea th iv -e ves er e c r es . . 1 85 rs pho a n lo d of y l a and b i Wt g . 2 9 e of e r e D s s c e c rc e re f i ( ) H ad b a d d iony u , fa ing, n i l d by w ath o vy .

1 88 rs . Wt . g

r r me l 2 8 The rich flo al o na ntation of the fie d of No . is e e a n d r m e m e r esp cially not worthy, ese bl s od n Persian D . 2 9 work . The head of ionysus on No wears an ivy r e in wreath , which apparently cove s the whole h ad , r — . e . 400 cluding the ea s The date of th se coins is circ 38 7 .

PLATE . A7 30 . Obv. e of P s . Rev. A l Athens H ad alla G E. O wl and o ive

rs . branch . Wt . g

Athens be gan to s trike money in gold probably in the B a r B . C. 39 3 . e s s s r s s ye ide the tate , half stater , sixth , and

twelfths are known .

B . P 3 1 . . Obv. e s s e e Corinth ga o flying ; b n ath , koppa . Rev. Head

c s er . 1 2 of P s e . 3 rs . alla ; b hind , a anthu patt n Wt g I B 2 5 I. . . Cf.

3 2 . . B . Obv. C maer e e e of r - Sicyon hi a ; b n ath , h ad i ver god D ve r - Rev. e s s v re . . 1 89 rs A opu o , flying ; a ound, oli w ath Wt g .

mae B r The Chi ra refers to the legend of elle ophon , who appears to have been honoure d at Sicyon n o le s s than at

. d w a s d s w Corinth The ove sacred to Aphro ite , who e or S r m s e ship was brought to icyon f o Cypru , betw e n which is land and Sicyon there was frequent inte rc ourse in early m S m ti es . At icyon was a te ple of Aphrodite , and her

Cana chu s . s s statue of gold and ivory by The A opu , on th e m banks of which Sicyon stood , was fa ed in G reek m yth . 46 PERI 111 B OD . .

3 . 3 . B . O bv. FAAEIO N. e of e s l re e Elis H ad Z u , au at . Rev. E le on c of I c c . 1 9 0 rs ag apital oni olumn Wt . g .

The head of Z eus on this coin exhibits a very ma rked f r f m II B . 2 dif e ence o style fro that on . 9 . The earlier of these two coins has been by some supposed to be copied from the head of the famous statue of Zeus at Olympia P ma by hidias , but it y be questioned whether the c oin of ili III. B 1 p of Macedon ( . 8) is not more in the style of Pii1rlm s .

4 Z 3 . B . . Obv. e of l . Rev. I AK acynthus H ad Apo lo Y NG IQ N. I er es s r s e r l e s . . rs nfant H ak , t angling p nt Wt g . The type of this coin was probably suggested by that e III B of Th bes ( . .

3 5 . . B . D b . e me er O v e . Rev. Z Messenia H ad of t ME Z ANIQ N.

s A o h u e c . e et or s v . 1 88 rs . Z u p , nak d , ad an ing Wt g The temple of Demeter on Mount Ithome is mentioned P s s c by au anias as of peculiar an tity . There was also m m m Z I m a te ple on the sa e ountain to eus tho atas , in whose honour an annual fes tiv al was celebr ated by the M s s Z o ni . es e an The eus , with thunderb lt and eagle , on th e rever se of this coin is probably Copied fr om the statue t m A la d a B 4 e s e . C. 5 5 of the latter divini y ade by g , b fore . Th e m l r coin is , however , uch ate , and cannot have been me m struck before the ti of Epa inondas , although the style of the figure of Z eus corresponds rather with that of the s c hool of Polycletus than with that of Eu phra n or r d r s m r and Lysippus, who int o uced greate li ness of figu e . m e (Cf. the sa e type tr ated in the style of Lysippus ,

IV. B .

B . e o r e s s r e 3 6 . . f e r e Obv. Argos H ad H a , w a ing t phano ado n d with

ers e rr ec ce . Rev. APF EIQ N. Two s . flow , a ing, and n kla dolphin

e ee e . . 1 84 rs . B tw n th m , wolf Wt g The head of Hera on this coin is copied from the famous P e e d s tatue of Hera at Argos by olycl tus , which rivall Z O m P d that of e us at ly pia by hi ias in purity of style , hi though it was less commanding in aspect . The dolp ns l m s l Del and the wo f are sy bol of Apol o , respectively as i s L c iu s a t phiniu s and Ly c u s . The cultu of Apollo y

r m S l s E1. 6 Ar gos dates from the ea liest ti e s . ophoc e ( ) i m i d ca lls the Apollo of Argos M a n ama. The dea sy bol ze — n o. 400 336 . 47 by the wolf is that of winter slain by the god of light m and war th .

3 c . 7 . . B b Pa n e n O v. e e s . Rev. s e o r c s Ar adia H ad of Z u at d o k , l his r e his ee s r e ho ding in ight hand p dum ; at f t , y inx ; in fi ld ,

r of rc on the r c Q M. . 1 90 rs . monog am A adia ; o k , AY Wt g

Z eus Lycaeus and Pa n were the two chief divinities of r m e L caeum th e Arcadia ; thei te pl s stood on Mount y , r e Pa n A cadian Olympus . On the rev rs e of this coin is e e mm m r pr sented as sitting on the su it of the ountain . This beautiful coin was is s ued by the Arcadian Con 1 r e r c B . C . 3 7 . s fed a y after A ti tically , this coin is of the ’ s e s s u s m e r highe t inter st , a it show a co pl te figu e by an r r P P eng ave of the eloponnesian school of olycletus .

S m . B 38 . . Obv e of r e s l re e e r ty phalus . H ad A t mi , au at , w a ing C e r r ec ce . Rev. Z T Y M DAAIQ N. er es e a ing and n kla H akl , wi ld ’ m. his c the s s r his e a r . rs ing lub lion kin ound l ft Wt g .

m c - r Sty phalus was a ity in the north east of A cadia . The only building in this city mentioned by Pau s anias w a s m e r m St m h a lia c r a te pl of A te is y p , in whi h we e fi ur e s of S m s H r g the ty phalian birds de troyed by e akles . s m r e Thi coin is of about the sa e pe iod as the pr ceding .

39 . . s B . . Obv. e of e r e r s e Crete Cnos us H ad H a , w a ing t phano s

KNQ Z IQ N. r r e R ev. e ado n d with flowe rs . Squa labyrinth ; in - e AP s e r e er . . 1 7 1 rs . fi ld, , p a h ad , and thund bolt Wt g The foundation of this city w a s attributed to Minos The marriage of Z eus with Her a w a s here c omme morate d th e re M r e en by an annual festival , Sac d ar iag h ce the h a r e t e . he d of He a , as a brid , on coins The labyrinth m B 32 ay be compared with that on I . . .

0 P 4 . a . B . b AAQ N. s a s O v. T e h estus Talo a wing d youth ,

( Z I N. . h AI T Q . 1 urlin a s tone . Rev. D 7 8 rs g Bull Wt g .

w a s ma n f H e ae Talos a o brass , fabricated by ph stus . ’ H e e r a nd watch d the coast of C ete , warded ofi hos tile ships by hurlin g stones at them . The presence of the le tte r ( 2 on this coin renders it probable that it is of e II 38 d B . . lat r ate than . PERI III OD . C.

III. C .

PL — ATES 24 26 .

PLATE 4 2 . 1 . . A7 Obv. e e r rk s Etruria Young mal h ad , bound with w eath . Ma f o v e . R ev alu , XX . Bull crowne d by bi rd with w reath in b eak ;

r s r . In e er e F ELZ PAPI E r s c c r s in f ont , ta x gu , , in t u an ha act er .

s . Wt . 7 gr This remarkable coin has not been attributed with c certainty to any particular ity . The type of the reverse m m e . c a n se s to be Ca panian There be no doubt , however , m l that it belongs to the idd e of the fourth century .

2 ’ B . . . Obv. EI VE. C s h - e . Rev Se a rs e Etruria ® ow ad . ho . rs Wt . g . ’ l II The cow s head on this coin is , ike the Gorgon on . 1 m - . l m r i C , sy bo ical of oon wo sh p . H 3 m . ri a . B . . Obv. e of er c e Ca pania y H ad H a, fa ing, w ar

e r e rifli ns &c. R ev. r ing lofty diad m ado n d with g , Y PINA ( etro - r e . e e 1 14 rs g ad ) Man h ad d bull . Wt . g .

4 . B . . a l Obv. e of P r e e Rev Ne po is H ad a th nop . . NEO FIO AIT HZ - r N e . e e c e rs . Man h ad d bull , own d by ik Wt . g P m l arthenope , the ancient na e of Neapo is , was derived f m h m ro one of the Sirens , w ose to b was shown at Nea ’ m polis in Strabo s ti e .

r m . A7 5 . . bv e De Calab ia Tarentu O . H ad of m et er wearing R ev. . s t e phane and veil hanging down b ehind . TA Youthful ’ rs e cr his rs e s r e s e s m s ho man owning ho . Magi t at nam and y bol in rs fi eld . Wt . g . The beautiful series of the gold money of Tarentum probably commence s about the middle of the fourth c en ms m tury . This see to be one of the earliest speci ens .

m B . . s h is r e N 6 Obv. on r e e c e . Tarentu Boy ho ; own d by ik ;

r e c es the rs e c s the ec . in f ont a youth w l om ho , la ping it by n k

R ev P Z . r s r on his cu . . . TA A Ta a iding dolphin, in hand a p Wt rs g .

m B . t . Obv. on rs e c re i s 7 . Tarentu Boy ho , pla ing a w ath upon ’

er e e e e s rs e s f. Rev. h e ad . Anoth youth , kn ling, xamin ho hoo Wi s e r e r Z . r s r e TA PA Ta a , a m d th hi ld and t id nt , iding on dolphin ;

e e c ves . . rs . b n ath whi h , wa Wt g

B . on rs e e s e c rs e m . l 8 e Obv. c . Tar ntu Boy ho ba k , ading a ond ho ,

N Rev. Z . r s on s e r e e . P and cr own d by ik TA A Ta a , dolphin , p a fi s he e ing with his trid ent a s h whi ch wims in t wav s beneath . rs Wt . g .

50 P ERI 111 c . OD .

1 9 B . rut tl l . . B . Obv. O IKIZ TAZ r c ar c ers . Croton , in a chai c h a t ’ er es e s e e on r c c ve r e He s s s . H akl , nak d , at d a o k o d with lion kin hold r c ver r res s e on h is c a b an h o a flaming alta , and t with l ft hand lub

e In er R ev. ver . e e s es . b hind him , bow and qui x gu , two fi h

KPO TQ N. r on one s e o f c l s T ipod , id whi h Apol o hooting an a rr th P h e on t e er s e . . ow at ython oth id Wt grs .

2 0 . . B . Obv. e er c e r s e s Croton H ad of H a , fa ing , w a ing high t phano ,

ve l e . R ev. KPO TQ NI. er es and i hanging down b hind H akl , s e 1 2 1 e a s on of r III. C . . r at d coin H e acl ea ( Wt g s . k l 1 9 Hera es , on No . , is represented as the founder, ’ o imo s r a re imi m , of the colony ; the letters of this wo d t a ted m m r fro the ancient for s . The head of He a is that f h La cinia n m o t e Hera , whose te ple stood on the pro m ontory near Croton .

2 1 . L . B . b I e s l re e his r s r O v. EYE. e ocri H ad of Z u , au at , hai ho t

e H . Pe ce c ce s . Rev. EIPH N AO KPQ N b hind a , holding adu u ,

s e e s u e c s . . 1 1 rs at d on q ar ippu Wt 7 3 g . The head of Z eus on this coin is identical with that of Z eus Eleutherius on Syracusan copper money struck soon

B C 345 . after . .

2 n d i . 2 Pa os a . B r Obv. e of er c e . H ad H a La inia , w a ing lofty s e s r e re r s of ritfins e s c es sh e t phano , ado n d with fo pa t g and hon y u kl ; Pa n th e Re . w e ars e arrings and n ecklace . v er his e e h e is s e e r c r Hunt , with hound at f t ; at d on a o k in f ont , a

e r e er re c is e ca ce s . In fie b a d d t minal figu , to whi h affix d a du u ld, ’ ( I) e r ver s s re . . 1 20 rs . , ng a ignatu Wt g

m c l This agnificent oin is probably a ater work , in his

s e ( ) II. . 7 fine t styl , of the artist I who engraved C ,

h m II 1 3 . T u riu . f of , and . C , o Terina

'

2 3 m B H of . Rev. . R . . P Z . e l hegiu Obv. HI INO ad Apol o ’

s c . rs . Lion s alp . Wt g 38 B C. 7 Rhegium was destroyed by Dionysius in . , after e whic h it never recovered its former gr atness . The date 0 387 C . 40 . of this piece is between B . and

r 2 B . AIQ N. e of er s 4 . . b T EPIN Terina O v. H ad T ina imila

I C R ev. II . . in s t yl e to the h ead on the c oin of Metapontum ( N e or e E r e e s e e on s re c s r erche on ik , wing d i n , at d qua ippu , a bi d p d

h r rs . e hand . Wt . g

m II. . 1 3 h h f Co pare this coin with C , w ic is o purer and severer style . — B . C. 400 336 . 5 1

2 ’ 5 . . B . . bv. l E O e c . r ver s Sicily Catana H ad of Apo lo , fa ing ng a

me H PAKAEIAAZ . Rev. KAT ANAIO N. r the na , Quad iga ; - c r eer cr e fl . . 2 5 s ha iot own d by ying Nik e Wt 9 6 gr .

m l B C. 400 This fine coin is not uch ater than . it may even be a few years earlier .

2 . B 6 . rm . Obv. G EPMITAN. e of er h er s e The ae H ad H a, t pha - nos r e s ea rs es e . Rev. er es ado n d with ho ; b hind, a dolphin H akl ,

rs . s eated . Wt . g

mae H imeraem e m Ther , on the sit of Hi era , was founded B 405 . C . m B . C 50 . 3 . in This coin see s to be anterior to .

. A7 2 7 . S bv. Z e of r e s yracuse O Y PAKO Z IO N. H ad A thu a ; - KI r e c r . Rev. Z . e e Y PA r es . b hind , and ba l y o n H akl and lion

Wt . 88 9 grs . m m This coin is by Ci on , a conte porary and rival of Evaen u n r m e t s . The value of this coi in silve oney w a s S m 1 0 0 lit exactly that of two large ilver edallions or rae .

2 8 . . B . Obv. Z Y PAKO Z IQ N. e Pers e e Syracuse H ad of phon , s rr e s s h e e rs re o c r - u ound d by dolphin ; w a a w ath f o n l eaves . ’ e e ers r s s e EYA R e e INE. v Vic B n ath, in faint l tt , a ti t nam , . m r h t oriou s r . In th e e er e r t e r A AA quad iga x gu , a ou , and wo d G

rs . (p riz es) . Wt . g

Evaen etu s m ma , the engraver of this edallion , y be said n m to have attaine d perfection in his art . Wi ckel ann says of his works : weiter als diese Munzen kann der mensch ” liche B egriff nicht gehen .

2 9 jR . AKO Z IQ N. e of re s . . bv. Z P Syracuse O Y H ad A thu a, ’ e r e e e net . O n one of th e s rr s a r s s w a ing j w ll d u ounding dolphin , ti t

me KIMQ N. Rev. m l r to s . . rs . na , Si i a la t Wt g

B . Z A. e of r 3 0 . bv. APEG O e s c . Syracuse O H ad A thu a, fa ing ; ut her c s dolphins darting in and o among flowing lo k . O n her ’ e r s s e KIMQ N. Rev. Z Y PAKO Z IQ N. diad m , a ti t nam , Quad N e on e r e s is r rs es r c . iga, ho p an ing ik , alighting th i h ad , about to h e rs es ve ver r e the me c r t h e c r eer . T a own ha iot ho ha o tu n d t , and a s a r v c r c s e e hi th e driver look s bac k if at i al ha iot lo b hind m.

rs . Wt . g - ’ m This coin is the chef d aeuvre of Ci on . The type ma y - m B e O . C . 3 88 ref r to the chariot race at ly pia , in , when I r Dionysius . of Sy acuse would have had the honour of a m victory , had it not been for the popular de onstration ma mm m against his tyranny . He y have co e orated his unfair defeat as a victory . PERI . OD III. C

B PLATE 26 31 . . . Obv. Z Y PAKO Z lQ N. ea of P l s c . Syracuse H d a la , fa ing, ’ rr e l s . O n h er e e r s s n e EY KAEIAA. s u ound d by do phin h lm t , a ti t am , De e er u r s he s rc is c r e Rev. m t , in q ad iga ; hold to h , and own d by

rs . Nik e . Wt . g

The rich ornamentation of the obverse of this coin is

characteristic of the Sicilian art of this period .

3 2 . B . Obv. Z Y P KO I . Syracuse A Z Q N. F emal e h ead and dol

hin Rev. l r l s . . 2 67 rs . p s . Simi a to a t Wt g

— h . 2 7 32 m T e above coins , Nos , all belong to the ti e of - I e B . C . 40 5 345 r c Dionysius . and his succ ssors , , du ing whi h l e art in Sici y reached its highest point of exce llenc .

33 . . . bv. O Z PA . v. Syracuse EL Y KO Z IQ N H ead op ollo . Re

Z E . e of r e s . . r Q T IPA H ad A t mi Wt g s .

34 . . Obv. He of ll . Re . Z Syracuse EL ad Apo o . v Y PAKO Z IQ N.

5 4 s . Tripod . Wt . 8 gr

EL I — 35 . . . Obv EYZ EAEYCDEPIO Z . e e s Syracuse . H ad of Z u

K. Pe s s e t h e er r . Rev. E P e r e e el e s Lib ato Y A ga u ; b n ath , th p l t , m r s o f v e s the c b e r r s ver r es a k alu , howing oin to wo th thi ty il lit

. 32 8 rs . or three Corinthian s tat ers . Wt g

3 . K Z IQ N. e . JR bv f A O o P s . 6 . O . Z Y P l Syracuse H ad al a Rev.

s s 1 3 1 rs . Pe ga u . Wt . g

33— 3 6 r m s Nos . represent the period of f eedo re tored to r e n th Syracuse by Timoleon of Co inth . H ce e types of r m s ote ir a Z s A te i S , eus Eleutherius , and the sub titution m for the tetradrach of the Corinthian stater .

A7 r . P r 3 . bv. e e s e 7 . e . rs e Af ica Carthage O H ad of phon Rev. Ho ;

ve c s l of P . . 1 1 7 9 rs . abo whi h , ymbo Baal ( ) Wt g

3 B . b ree rs e cr e 8 . N . h O v. e e e Carthage F o , own d by ik ; b n ath , “ ” a t new c o f C r r had a s e . R P c e ers Ka t c ev. in uni l tt , , ity a thag D e- oim r the e P c e ers at palm (cp g), with f uit ; in fi ld, in uni l tt , “ ” Ma cha na t t he c . . 2 60 rs . , amp Wt g

3 9 B . e of Pers e e e Ka r c h . . Obv. t a da Carthage H ad phon ; b hind , [ - . 2 63 rs R v. rs e ree . . s a t] . e Ho and palm t Wt g

40 He of Pe rs e e s rr e . . B . Obv. Carthage ad phon , u ound d by dol r s C I s of c e . f. I I. C . R ev phins ; imitate d from c oin Sy a u ( . ’ rs e h - ree e e P c e e r D for ma c/1a Ho s ead and palm t ; b n ath , uni l tt , (

2 64 rs . na t Wt . g — B 400 3 3 6 . . C. 5 3

4 1 . . B . r f P r Obv. e e e e r o Carthage F mal h ad , w a ing tia a h ygian - r er s D or r of the es s . Rev. fo m ; p hap ido, a fo m moon godd Lion - — ree In e xer u e .S/uim macha na t of the e e of the and palm t . g , , p opl ”

c . . 2 5 s amp Wt 6 gr . h B The finest known coin of Cart age . y a Greek

engraver .

42 . . B . rs r rece . . Carthage Simila to p ding . Wt g

The style of s ome of these Carthaginian coins shows

~ m ma that they are the works of Sicil ian artists . So e y e s r u e Ca rth a have be n t ck at Carthag itself, others in the n I c gi ian poss ess ions in Sicily . t is a curious fa t that the r e a re no Carthaginian coins before the end of the fifth r centu y .

43 . r . AI. N e r v r Cy ene KY PANAIO N. ik d i ing quad iga - R ev. e s Z u Ammon s a cri fic ing b e fore an ince ns e altar (thymia terion) . ’

s r e s e F O AIAN EYZ . . rs . Magi t at nam , G Wt g

44 r . . B . e f e s Obv. o c . Rev K P Cy ene H ad Z u Ammon, fa ing . Y ANA m b ous tr0 hed on . . rs . ( p ) . Silphiu plant Wt g The worship of Z eus Ammon was derived by the Greeks of Cyr ene fr om the famous oracle of that god in the oas is of Ammon in the Libyan Des e rt . The Silphium plant w a s the chief article of commerce between Cyrene and Greece . 54 PERI I OD V .

P I — 2 R O I cA B . C . 336 80 . E D V . c

THE age of Alexander and of the Diadochi is charac t er is ed m l , as ight be expected , by a very genera cessation thr oughout Gre ece of the I ssue of money by autonomous

. e r m m r states The exceptions are , how ve , ore nu e ous than is s s r for at fir t ight appa ent , it is certain that , after Alex ’ m l l ander s death , so e cities , a though practical y independent , s r m continued to is ue thei oney in the name of Alexander . The same remark applies to the gold and silver money of ’ r several of Alexande s successors , especially at first . In Europe an Greece it would even appear that the gold ’ staters bearing Alexander s name continued to be str uck by the successive kings of Macedon down to Roman times ; for when the Roman general Flamininu s is sued

m B . m C. 1 97 h gold oney in Greece , , e si ply adopted the r m Alexand ine stater, placing upon it his own na e . He r would ha dly have chosen this type , had not these coins m been curre nt in his ti e . In I r m Meta ontum c on taly , Neapolis , Ta entu , and p th e r tinne d to supply greate part of the currency . The earliest gold and silver coins bearing the name of the 38 m m B . 3 R m C . o an people were struck in Ca pania , fro , m m n r n e R . I und r o an do inion Africa , Ca thage , influe ced ’ b y the popularity in all the markets of Alexander s tetr a c m H th e dra h s , adopted his type , the head of erakles in ’ lion s skin ; not , however, to the exclusion of the head of h r r m r c e c s e . P rsephone , whi h had bo rowed f o Sy a use r s a e re A ti tically , the heads on the coins of this g are r is markable for exp ess ion of feeling . The eye generally m r r r s e s et r r . d eply , and the b ows st ongly arked T ue po t ait P e m now make their first appearance on mone y . tol y e is r rs c his e a s s c Sot r howeve the fi t to pla e own h ad , u h , c n m r e upon his oins , not u der the se blance of a G e k divinity , n h e m but we ari g t e plain roy al diad . r e rs e - is e e r A f equent r ve type a s ated figure , the gen al s c s r rs m r or a pe t and po e of which is bo rowed at fi t , o e less r m Z AetO h oros di ectly , fro the seated figure of eus p on the money of Alexa nder . PERI I OD V.

m m As ti e goes on , the hu an figure as represented on m r m r éla ncé the coinage beco es g adually o e , and the m r r muscles of the body are o e st ongly indicated . Cf. for

I. 24 II B . 35 n I . B . insta ce V . with This is due to the influe nce of the school of Lysippus . The principal sculp ’ tors of Alexand er s time are those of the Argive Sicyonian Eu h ra n or P school , p and Lysippus , and the sons of raxi e h em- tel s and of Lysippus , together wit the g engraver

Py rgoteles . The chief extant works of art are

Th e s c l res fr m the e e of r em s E es s the u ptu o T mpl A t i at ph u , in s e Britis h Mu um . The r e C es of e s of e er the Br s s e m ma bl opi h ad Al xand , in iti h Mu u ,

vre C . Lou , and apitol The m r e c of t he me s of s s a bl opy Apoxyo no Ly ippu . Vatican .

h s s e of c c . T e eated tatue Of Ty ch Antio h . Vati an PERI I . OD V A .

KING S .

PL ATE r A7 1 . P . o Obv. K h h w ver s e r ee e sia ing , wit , qui , and p a , kn ling ;

M. e re r Rev. I c s e D . e r c . b hind , w ath ; in f ont , n u oubl da i Wt . 2 6 5 7 grs . The double darics form a link between the coinage of P r m c s r the e sian e pire and that of the suc es ors of Alexande . Th e presence of Greek letters or symbols upon all of them rende r s it hardly possible that they can have been issued

by Darius . 2 Al . . JR. m h . exander the Great Tetradrac Obv. Head o f

N O Y . e s Aeto h s er k es . Rev. AAEEA AP oro the e H a l Z u p in fi ld , Pers s P er r r s e e e e er Cl. . a h ad Of u ( ) ; and und th on , a t i k lion (Mull , ii

C c . 265 rs . ili ia) Wt . g A7 3 l . . . . Obv. e of P s A exander the Great Stater H ad alla . N - PO Y . e re r R ev. A EEANA s A ik , holding w ath and t ophy tand . In e N m e e of A ra d us m r m of Arad us fi ld , y, p opl [ ] and A, onog a .

t rs . W . g b l B . 1 0 C . 3 This coin was pro ab y struck in , when the throne of Alexander had become vacant by the death of f R 3 1 Ale xander the son o oxana in 1 .

4 . l h . JR. c m. Us es A exander t e Great Tetradra h ual typ . r o f Ara d us er r 3 30 Monog am und th on e ; s tr uc k b etween B . C . and

2 8 . 2 65 rs . 0 . Wt g

. JR. m 5 . . In r of e s Alexander the Great Tetradrach f ont Z u , m s re r ra er r e AA. t . r . fo pa t of ; und th on , W g

ra m m h AA l The is the badge of Da ascus , for whic a so

stands .

l h . B . r r e of Ace 6 . A exander t e Great Tet ad a chm with nam re P oe c c r c ers the e 2 7 of the e e c era [A c ] in h ni ian ha a t and dat S l u id , 1 s s ere re s r c m e ce B . 3 2 c wa which c o m n d C . . Thi oin th fo t u k in 2 r 2 6 58 s . C . 8 . . B . Wt g

l . B . e r r c ee rs e 7 . A exander the Great T t ad a hm with f ding ho

h e r . rs . in t he field of t e r ve s e . Wt g Coins of this class are frequently found at Hamadan r r (Ecbatana), in the neighbou hood of which place we e the m s a e a n P e fa ou l lains , wher , according to Strabo , as many as brood mares were pastured for the royal

stables .

58 PERI Iv. OD A .

m l h M h h A ore probab e rendering is t at of r . Howort , w o e m r ads the na e on the obverse Ph ra ta he rn es p , who was P satrap of arthia under Darius Cod oma nnus and Alexander

the Great .

1 6 . P . A7 . Obv. e f o e s . R arthia H ad Z u ev. ANAPAF O PO Y . rr r a r a cc m , , e N ke h r ves th h Wa io in qu d ig a o pani d by i , w o d i e ors es .

. s Wt gr . This and the preceding coin were found at an old fort on a tongue of land at the confluence of two rivers which

flow into the Oxus . One or more princes named Andr a m P r h t B . C . 33 goras were supre e in a t ia be ween 0 and 2 5 0 .

1 7 . I h . So te s . J R . Obv. e e e h p e . R ndia y H lm t d ad Of king ev.

Z Q ¢ YTO Y . C c . 5 82 rs o k Wt . g . SO h tes I h P h p y was an ndian prince in t e anjab, w o m . In m l sub itted to Alexander the ti e of Se eucus , whose m O coins he i itated (cf. bv. of he would appear to have l been an independent ru er . 1 m 8 . . AI . Obv. e of e er e ed h Lysi achus H ad Al xand , d ifi , wit horn

of . e Rev. B AZ IAEQ Z AYZ IM Ammon , and diad m AXO Y . P s Nik e oros s e 1 3 r s l h e . . 0 . a la p , at d Wt g h h T is coin has an anchor in the exergue , perhaps t e m -m An c ore in B int ark of the town of , . ithynia , which 1 B . C. 3 6 was rebuilt by Antigonus , , and which Lysimachus am ic aea ren ed N , in honour of his first wife .

m c . 1 9 . ZR. m . es a s N . 1 8 Lysi a hus Tetradrach Typ on o , th b e e the - e r E es s t he e . . 2 60 rs with , mint ma k of ph u , in fi ld Wt g .

2 0 — 1 E . I . B 3 1 . . V . C . 32 3 ZR. b gypt Alexander , O v. H ead of e er the Gre e r e res s c s e Al xand at , w a ing a h add ompo d of an ’ e e s s c ; Rev. EEANA PO Y . e s Aet o horos s e e l phant alp AA Z u p , at d .

rs . Wt . g

2 Al x nd r I 1 e a e V . b . . O v. a r . Rev. Egypt . Simil AAEEAN

A PO . P s t . In e e e on er e Y alla figh ing fi ld, agl thund bolt , badg

rs . of Ptol emy . Wt . g P l m These two coins were , struck by to e y Soter, as m n r r i n e IV . gove no of Egypt , the na e of Al xa der , r P the son of Alexande r the G eat by Roxana . The allas on the rever s e is perhaps a r epresen tation of the statue P m of Athena Alkis at ella, and is a sy bol of sovereignty over Macedon . 6— 2 84 I B . C . 30 . m . b e P a O v. 2 2 . . Egypt tole eus Soter, H ad I . EMA O Y P e e e e r ae s . Rev fl TO A of tol my, diad m d , and w a ing gi

e er . . rs . B AZ IAEQ Z . Eagl on thund bolt Wt g -2 59 8 . B . C. 336 0

B 30 6 . l m a l . C Pto e aeus dopted the tit e of king in . He i’ struck coins not only in Egypt, but in Cyprus , Cyrena ca ,

and other parts .

I E C TI S .

m A? " r s e Phr LAT 23 . . e a e r a r e Obv. P E 29 . A astris H ad of Mith w a ing l u at y '

MAZ PIEQ N. e e re i s or ca . Rev. A T gian p S at d figu , Ana ti

N e . rs . r e e r m s . Aph odit , w a ing odiu and holding ik Wt g

m r P hl m e c A ast is , in ap agonia, was na ed after the ni e of od omannu s m r O f Darius C , who a ried Dionysius Heraclea , 0 6— 302 hi s m B . C. 3 , and after death Lysi achus , who shortly ’ n e e s h e r afterwards aba don d her for Arsino , when reti ed w a s r to Heracle a . This coin p obably struck after her r m m c . O death , at the city whi h bo e her na e n an exa ple m . r m in the collection of M Six , of A ste da , reading AMAZ T PIO Z B AZ IAIZ Z HZ . the figure on the reverse holds

Eros , instead of Nike . A7 24 . . . bv. e of l . R O ev. A Pr Cius H ad Apo lo F NQ NIAHZ . ow .

d e e . . s In e c a n r . fi ld , lub agl Wt g All the gold staters known of this B ithynian town c m r m r ai s s a e f o the g eat find at S da , which con i ted m f e b re B al ost entirely o stat rs of Alexander, struck efo . C. 1 It the r 3 0 . is probable that coins of Cius we e struck

during the lifetime of Alexander .

2 . B . 5 . c . bv. e D s s O . Hera lea Dionysius H ad of iony u Rev.

er es ere c r . . rs . AIO NYZ IO Y . H akl ting a t ophy Wt g

m us a r c Dionysius and Ti othe were tyr nts of He a lea , in the time of Alexander ; afte r the death of his br other H m rr m e s e . e e m r Ti oth us , Diony ius r igned alone a i d A ast is , B C 30 2 th e . . s and di e d in . The types of obver e and revers e r r s m efe re pectively to the na es of the tyrant and the city .

’ H e c e . B . 2 6 . b f s O v. e o er e s s . e R v. ra l a H ad H akl , in lion kin

H PAKAEQ ET AN] . D s s s e e c r s iony u , at d, holding antha u and

rs s iv . rs thy u bound with y . Wt g . The types of this coin a re Sugge s ted by th e tetr a

m e r . It m m c drach s of Alexand is of the ti e of Lysi a hus , s r m th e r e who re to ed autono y to people of He acl a , and c introdu ed a coinage on the Attic standard , in place of Pe r the sic standard hitherto in use there .

B . 2 7 . c . Obv. e of De e er or Pers e e e e Cyzi us H ad m t phon ; b n ath ,

KYI l . s e e on s Rev. a nd r es his tunny . Apollo, at d omphalo , ting

h e s . I the e e re er n c c . . 1 92 rs . lbow on ly hold a pat a fi ld , a o k Wt g 60 PER A IOD IV . .

The attitude of Apollo on this coin as well as the style c mm r indi ate the period i ediately afte Alexander . The town appear s to have maintaine d its autonomy down to me s m s r m n the ti of Ly i achus , who is the fir t to st ike o ey e r his me m th e in own na , certain tetradrach s of Alexander u (M ller , Cl . v . ) being later .

‘

2 r c nn e s u s . ZR . 8 P o o . b . Z e . O v ANAE II ENH H ad

Rev. F PO KO N. re s r r e e Stag at t ; in f ont, ampho a ; b n ath ,

s rs . as tragalu . Wt . 55 g Proc onn es u s (now Marmara) is an island in the P ro 1 2 0 s a n m P o . . 7 pontis . De osthenes (adv . oly l p ) call it w a s s e ally of Athens , and says that it be ieg d and taken

s . e rs n by the Cyzicene This coin , which b a a striki g m l r rese b ance to ce tain coins struck at Ephesus , while B 288— 2 8 the r m r e . C . 0 that city bo e the na e of A sino , , is of ”

m m . ti e of Lysi achus . The stag is a type parlant

2 ) -s 9 . B . r m s . e of e . Rev. E 4 . Ephesus Obv. H ad A t i Half tag, - re e b ee . . 7 rs . palm t , and Wt g

s m . This coin belong to the period of Lysi achus , circ 2 0 B . C . 8 .

’ f er es s s . Rev. Er th rae . B . b . e o 3 0 . v y O H ad H akl , in lion kin

E c s e c owl . In e MO AIQ N. . PY . Bow in a , lub , and fi ld, Wt 2 32 r g s . ' This coin belongs probably to the time of Alexander the Great . ’ Z A H r HZ IANA 1 s s c l . Rev. 3 m . B . bv. . Sa os O Lion a p

2 35 rs . Forepar t of ox . Wt . g I m Samos , like the onian cities , continued to coin oney r Th e during and afte r the reign of Ale xande . tetra ’ dr ac hms with Alexander s name attributed to it a r e of a muc h later period .

’ IO N. . KO r es s s . R ev B . bv. e e 32 . Cos . O H ad of H akl , in lion kin ’ s e MO Z XIQ N. . c s e . s r e Crab , and bow in a Magi t at nam , Wt s 2 3 1 gr .

m s m s . The style of this coin is that of the ti e of Ly i achu The inscription KO IO N for KO IQ N is a n ar chai m . Sub s . m s e que ntly this is land formed part of the do inions of

r . Ptole my I. and his successo s

- . u ce e s r e . R ev B . . e e . Obv , 3 3 . Rhod s H ad , f ll fa , of H lio adiat

In field row . R se b ud b cnea th AMEINlAZ . , p PO AIO N. o , with ; ,

20 8 rs . Wt . g B — 8 . C. 336 2 0 . 6 1

th e These splendid coins , with radiate head of Helios , began to be i s sued at Rhode s pr obably immediate ly afte r m m r e e e m Polior c e t e s the e o able si g of the city by D etrius ,

B . C . 304 . The head ma y b e a c opy of that O f the famous

Colossus .

34 . . B . S the bv. B L R r c c r r O c e . Tarsus AA TA , in A amai ha a t h e s of rs s on r e e s s ce re . Rev. ve Z u Ta u , th on ; hold pt Lion ; abo c the e of the r Ma z a e us th e r c r c c e r . whi h , nam Sat ap , in A amai ha a t 2 4 6 rs . Wt . g Struc k soon afte r the expedition of Alexander by M z li a a e us r Cici a . r c , Sat ap o'f The coins of Ta sus whi h r e c e th e a rriva l of e r a re th e P r c s r p de Alexand of e si tanda d . h s is c e c i mm l e T i Atti , and thos whi h ediately fol ow b ar n r It h a s e e r the Seleucid a cho . b en conj ctu ed that the ’ reve rs e type of many of Alexande r s Cilician coins is m e r m Z Te rs ios r i itat d f o the statue of eus , rep esented on r the coins of Ta sus .

3 5 . . h K B . O T e r r e bv. v Sidon ing, in quad iga, d i n by c r eer e e c rr s ce re s ha iot , and follow d by att ndant a ying pt and fla k .

III. . 39 rs . R ev. G e s ea ve 5 all y, at ; abo , Wt g This octadrachm w a s probably s truck in the third ye ar c hu B -338 T e s O s . C . 359 . h e of the reign of Artax rxe , r attribution to Sidon is conjec tu al .

3 r - ' 6 . . B . lk rth Me a r on s ea rs e . v. l Obv. Re O w Ty e , iding ho , and In e H e r f r . s s r . e o e . ymbol of oyalty fi ld, and initial l tt Ty Wt rs PL 2 0 g . [ ,

Az e milk os e w a s r e , king of Tyr , not deth oned by Al x

r e r e 332 . e w a s e r ande aft the si ge in The coinag , how ve , s s m e a i ilat d to the Attic weight . This coin is of year 2

: 3 1 . . 1 of the Seleucid era B C. PERI IV B OD . .

KING S . PL ATE 3 0 ° 1 . Pa . Pa tra us . B . b O v. e ll or er e eonia ' H ad Of Apo o H akl s . R ev. r A AO re r r T P Y e . H rs e s e r r s r e ( t og ad ) o man p a ing p o t at foe .

1 9 6 rs . Wt . g

d le on Au o . Pa . 2 B . . Obv. He of P l as c . eonia ad a l , fa ing Rev.

NTO Z . H rs e AQ AEO . AY . rs o Wt g .

Pa tra us and his son Aud ole on reigned over Paeonia

B C. 340 2 8 6 between . and .

- 3 . M . l h B . C. 33 6 32 acedonia A exander t e Great , 3 . A7 . of P s Obv. e . R ev. AAEEANAPO Y N . e o H ad alla ik , hold in - re r s . In e er l f w ath and t ophy tand fi ld, thund bo t . Doubl e s ta tei i

264 rs . Wt . g A7 4 . . l . l h A exander the Great Stater Simi ar typ es ; t un

d erb olt er ec P s . . 1 33 rs und n k Of alla Wt g .

— 5 7 . . B . b k O v. He er es Alexander the Great ad Of H a l . Rev.

EEANAPO Y . e s Ae to horos s e e . In fi ld AA Z u p , at d e Bu era 6 . . 2 65 rs . Pr . . s 7 r . 6 er nium Wt g ( ) ow Wt g ( ) , und

r e . Th e e s is r e th c e e . . 2 66 rs th on h ad on thi oin tu n d to l ft Wt g . The abov e coins of Alexander were struck in all pro l r m habi ity du ing his lifeti e .

— III. Ari 2 8 . P li d aeu s B . C . 3 3 3 1 7 . A7 . b He hi p , O v. ad of ( P s . R ev. DIAIII H O Y . N e re h alla ik , holding w at and trophy In e c r c ae s . fi . . rs tand ld , o nu opi Wt g .

Arid aeu s 9 Ph l III . . B . b . O v. e of r l e es . Re i ip H ad H ak v.

e s Aeto horos s e e . In fi el rc . Pr s r ck Z u p , at d d, to h obably t u at

. rs . Amphipolis . Wt g

l . es e e r r 1 0 1 1 . c s ere r o , A exander the Great Th two t t ad a hm w p — s r c the re of C s s er B . C . 3 16 2 97 bably t u k in ign a and , , who did not

he s ver c e . ts 6 r i e t W . 2 5 s place h s own nam upon il oinag g . and

2 64 grs .

PLAT 3 1 ° — B . B 30 6 30 1 . E . C. r 1 2 Obv. e e l es . Rev. . Antigonus , H ad Of H ak '

I Z ANT I O NO Y . eus Aeto horos s e e on r e . B AZ AEQ I Z p , at d th on

2 63 rs . Wt . g m As the fabric of this coin clos ely rese bles that of Nos . 1 3 1 4 e h P and , it is probabl that it was struck in t e elo m ponn e s us in the na e of Antigonus . — B . C. 33 6 2 80 . 6 3

’ 1 3 14 . IV . es of le er the Gre s , Alexander Typ A xand at s coin . W 2 2 6 6 rs . 3 rs . 0 ts . g and g

e tw r m h Th se o fine tet adrach s were found , wit others of

m P r . the sa e fabric , at at as , in Achaia They are supposed Pol s erch on e to have been struck at Sicyon , by y p , betw en h 1 6 3 1 1 m t e B . C. 3 years and , in the na e of Alexander R I h . V . t e , son of Alexander the Great by oxana Coins of this clas s a re dis tinguishe d fr om all others bearing the name of Ale xander by the presence of two Victories on the back of the throne .

2 — P lior c e t s B . C. 94 2 A7 m r o e 88 . 1 5 . e De et ius , Obv. H ad ’ e s s r of cc s E Z of D e r w . R ev BAZ IA Q m t iu , ith bull ho n Ba hu .

H PIO Y . r e rs e . . rs A H M T A m d ho man Wt g .

m r P li r o B . 1 6 e o c e tes . Rev. . r e . D et ius Obv. Simila h ad

B AZ IAEQ Z A H HT PIO Y . P s e e on r e his M o idon l aning t id nt ,

r res r c . . 2 64 rs ight foot ting on o k Wt g .

Poli r m o ce te s . 1 7 . B . b N O v. e or e c a rr De etrius ik , Fam , ying a r -s it r e s on the r w t ophy tand , and blowing t ump t , tanding p o of a Rev A H MH I Z e . P IAE Z . s e . T O Y B A Q P e gall y o idon , nak d , hi e r e s c s r e r his e a rm . wi lding t id nt , hlamy w app d ound l ft . Wt

2 66 grs . The type s of this coin refer to the naval victory gained e m s by the fl et of Antigonus, under his son De etriu , over P m off B 0 . C . 3 6 that of tole y , the island of Cyprus , in .

— B 30 6 2 81 . L s m c . C . B . 1 8 . Obv. e of er l es y i a hus , H ad H ak , in ’ A I v. B Z AEQ Z AY I X e s s . Re Z MA O Y . s Aet o h or os lion kin Z u p , In th e e t he re r of th m - s e e . e m r of t h at d fi ld, fo pa t a lion, int a k e

. 2 64 rs . town of Lys imachia . Wt g 9 A7 m . 1 . 1 9 20 . Obv. e e t , Lysi achus ( ) H ad of Al xand er he

r . Rev. B AZ lAEQ Z AYZ IMA Gre XO Y . at , with ho n of Ammon P s Nice h oros s e e s e r e her r e alla p at d , holding p a ; b hind th on , a

2 rs 20 B . e r r c m th s e . . 1 3 . e e e s hi ld Wt g ( ) T t ad a h Of am typ .

26 2 rs . Wt . g Alexander the Great is represented on these coins in a m r e m . deified cha act r , as the son of A on The head is pr obably taken from the statue-portrait by Lysippus or h em- P r oteles t e g portrait by y g . PERI I . B OD V .

I I C T ES . 2 P 1 . m LAT 3 2 . . . B . l Obv. e e e e r r E Thessaly La ia F mal h ad , w a ing oya diad em

e rr . Rev. AA er s s e MIEQ N. e e on r c and a ing H akl , at d o k , holding 8 c s e . 6 rs . bow in a Wt . g The head on this coin is probably that of the celebrated r m m P li hetai a La ia , who lived with De etrius o orc et e s In as his wife . her honour both Athens and The bes m m erected te ples , and the people of La ia , perhaps to r m r flatte De et ius , placed her head upon the coinage .

2 2 oe . B . B . Obv. e of P s e re e . R N. ev. B O IQ TQ otia H ad o idon , lau at P s e s e e r e on r e e o idon , at d , holding dolphin and t id nt ; th on , Bo otian c er rs rm bu kl . Wt . g . (Wo ) This tetradrachm of the Attic s tandard is a specimen of th e the new coinage of the B oeotian League . It belongs to t - 2 88 244 B . C. earlier par of the third century, , and was

struck at Thebes , after the restoration of that city by

n B C. 3 1 5 . Cassa der, in .

2 B . s A. E e 3 . . e of e l re e . Rev. l Obv. F Elis H ad Z u , au at ag , with

s . 1 82 rs . wings p read . Wt g Compare the head of Z eus on this coin with th at on I B 2 9 III B 1 8 3 3 I . . . . and , and ; the decline of style m is very arked .

N. R ev. EZ Z ANIQ . f D me er . M 2 . ZR Obv. e o e 4 . Messenia H ad t

e s I s e v c e e er . Z u thomata , nak d , ad an ing with agl and thund bolt

In e Z Q Z IKPA r . . rs . fi ld, , and t ipod Wt g I B . 35 . Compare the style of this coin with II .

H iera tna . B . Obv. e of e s re e . 2 5 . Crete . py H ad Z u , lau at

- rs . IEPA. P ree c e e . . Rev. alm t ; at foot of whi h , agl Wt g

f his m . e o Pol rh e niu . B . Obv 2 6 . . Crete y H ad Apollo at

O AY PH NIQ N. e e l o ve r Rev. fl s er b w . hou d , and qui F mal

rs . re s e e N e . . figu , at d , holding ik Wt g

)

H . . T e r e . Rev B . e o f e s TGIIO S . bv. 2 7 . O H ad Z u Ammon , b a d d .

res on ri e . . Po seidon, s ea ted, holding dolphin , and ting t d nt Wt rs 2 54 g .

f th e e s TGDO S . B . bv. e o , 2 8 . O H ad youthful Z u Ammon without s e s h i H NIQ N. P , , Re . b e ar d . v T o idon , tanding old ng dolphin

1 0 6 rs . and r es ting on t rid ent . Wt . g m P At Tenos there was a famous te ple of oseidon , situated in a grove which was much fre quented .

R . PE IOD IV . C

The series with the inscription RO MA NO commence s ab out that time ; that with RO MA probably begin s about

3 18 . B . C.

m s A7 1 . . . 1 . Calabria Tarentu Alexander of Epiru - o f e s of D oa k r e . R ev. Obv. e e r H ad Z u odona , w a ing w ath er AAEEANA PO Y T O Y NEO flT O AEMO Y . Thund bolt ; - b es e c s e r e . . rs . id whi h , p a h ad Wt g

In Spite of the resemblance of this magnificent gold III 2 B . 3 m er . stat to the silver coin , it see s probable that m n B r e r e . C . it was st uck at Tarentu , wh re Alexande w t , in 332 r Lu ca nia ns B r , to aid the G eeks against the and ut n tia s .

m A7 Obv. e e s . Rev. E e er 2 . . , 1 , Tarentu H ad of Z u agl on thund In e CDI NIKAP rae s r e bolt . fi ld , , , and two ampho , u mount d by

s . rs . s tar . Wt g

m A7 ’ 1 3 . . Obv. e of er es e r s Tarentu H ad young H akl , w a ing lion

R ev. T APAN N r ve s c e ec . T I Q N. kin ; lub b low n k Biga, d i n by

NIKAP. r s r e ve . rs . Ta a , holding t id nt ; abo , Wt g

m . A7 r N IN . e r e 1 4 Obv. APA T Q N . Ta entu T H ad of Aph odit

e r s e e e rr ec ce . Rev. P Z . r s w a ing t phan , a ing, and n kla TA A Ta a ,

r e s e e on . . 6 6 3 rs . holding t id nt , at d dolphin Wt g

e r s e c r his rs In m B . bv. N e 1 5 . . O Tarentu ak d ho man , owning ho ’ e s r e s e ( DIAO KAHZ e r es fi ld, magi t at nam , two oth nam in mono r s In e r . R ev. . rae. g am , and a dolphin Simila to la t fi ld , two ampho

99 6 rs . Wt . g

1 3 e s The head on No . is cl arly sugge ted by that on the r m ul money of Alexande r the G eat , at this ti e circ ating ’ m m NIKA . 1 2 . P far and wide The agistrate s na e , , on No

pr oves this c oin to be of the same period . The iss ue of gold and silver money at Tarentum in lar ge quantities during this period is a pr oof of the widely exte nded l R me relations of this city, the riva of o in southern I taly .

PLATE 34 f . B . b . e o P s c 1 . v 6 . Lucania Heraclea O H ad alla ; S ylla on - ( ) H AKAH IQ N. er es e e r A K I . Rev. l P h lm t ; in f ont , , , H akl , ’

e s r . In e c e e o wl . s r e s nak d , t angling lion fi ld , lub ; b n ath , Magi t at

1 20 rs . e KAA. . nam , Wt g

Soon after th e de ath of Alexander the son of Neo 3 2 5 e e th e tole mu B C . s . p , , H racl a fell into hands of the

Lu ni n . ca a s . This coin is anterior to that event — 6 7 B . C. 33 6 280 .

M I7 . eta n u o t m. B . Obv. e of e s e u er . p H ad Z u ; b hind , th nd bolt - R ev. e . [ ME . a r of lTAnO N E c r . In e o n fi ld, KAA , and poppy h ad

rs . Wt . g

1 Met a u 8 m. . ont B . f e s b E O Z . e o p O v. AEYG EPIE J H ad Z u E e e r s . Rev. Ea r c r . . rs . l uth io META . Of o n Wt g

Mew/ 11 1 9 . 30 1311 111 . B . D s s r Obv. e d 1 H a of iony u , bound with b oad - ' em i e . . Ea r f r . o c . diad and vy wr ath Rev. METAII o n Wt

grs .

2 0 M ta tum . e on B . D e . me er or Pers e Obv. e e p H ad of t , phon ;

Ea of r . r A. r c . r v. MET c . Re hai bound with o n o n Symbol , plough

s r e MAN. . rs . Magi t at , Wt g

2 1 M t . m B . c e a ntu . D o Obv. e e e er or Pers e e . p H ad Of m t , phon , fa ing

E . rs . a r c r . Rev. META . Of o n Wt g Meta pontum fell into the hands of the Luca nia n s soon r h e B . 31 4 t afte the year C. ; above coins fall into the r 1 pe iod between about 330 and 3 4 . 2 2 . Thurium . ZR. ev b e P s on e e . R . O v. H ad of alla ; Scylla h lm t

G O Y PIQ N. . s r e EY A. In e er e fish . Butting bull Magi t at , ¢ x gu , - 1 2 0 2 r Wt . g s .

2 3 . . B . f P s e r cre s e e e on Obv. e o Velia H ad alla , w a ing t d h lm t, ’ c r r s s e ¢ IAIZ T IQ NEO Z L R ev. whi h a quad iga and a ti t nam , h es s N e EAHT N. t e ve Y Q Lion gnawing bon Of a tag ; abo , ik

rs . flying . Wt . g

B . 24 . . e of P l s e r e e of P r Obv. Velia H ad al a , w a ing h lm t h ygian

HT N. r Ce r . A Q ev r c e e . Rev Y E fo m , on whi h f mal ntau Lion d ou

re . rs . ing p y . Wt g

B . f 2 r n . e o 5 . B utt . bv. . Rev. K Croton O H ad Apollo PO .

r In e r c e e . . rs . T ipod . fi ld, b an h ti d with fill t Wt g

2 M a n um In e m NO . 0 et o t . styl this coin rese bles , of p

' 2 6 . LOCI i . B . e e I e of e s . R v. E ev r re . Obv. H ad Z u agl d ou ing ha n

e er rs . fi ld, thund bolt . Wt . g

m r wi 1 a m r fo . 7 This coin y be co pa ed style th No , of n u m Meta po t . 11 — A7 PLATE 2 7 . 810 . r . B . C . 3 1 7 31 0 . . e of o un y Sy acuse Obv. H ad y g

e r es r e . N. e Rev. Z Y PAKO Z IQ e e w c H akl , lau at Biga ; b n ath hi h ,

r s e . . 2 r t i k lion Wt 6 6 g s .

— 2 c s . B C . 1 0 . B . 8 . . 3 1 3 Syra u e 7 Obv. He ad O f Pers ephone ;

N. r e e e I. K Z I N Rev. Z A O Q v s Y P r e . b n ath , Quad iga ; abo , t i k lion

In e e r e AI. . rs . x gu , Wt g Although these coins do not bear the name of Aga F 2 ' 6 8 PERI I OD v. c .

th ocle s e , there can be no doubt that they b long to th e ’ r r . Vid e Coina e o S ra cus e ea lie part of his reign ( Head s g f y ,

40 . p . , sq )

r B 3 1 0 — e . C . 3 2 9 0 . 7 B . . Obv. O Sy acus , K PAZ . H ead of

Pers e e c r w e c r . Rev. N e ere c r phon , o n d with o n ik ting t ophy . In

e r s e . . rs . fi ld , t i k lion Wt g

30 7 —289 A7 0 e B . C . . 3 . Obv. e P s Syracus , H ad Of alla . Rev.

AF AG O KAEO Z B AZ IAEO Z . er r Thund bolt . Wt . g s .

B . C . 30 6 m About , Agathocles assu ed the title of king , in m e r s r i itation p haps of Antigonu , who was the fi st of the c i m su cessors of Alexander to adopt it in th s sa e year.

— 1 B . 0 3 . C . 3 7 2 9 8 . JR . Obv. e of P s Syracuse , H ad alla . Rev. Pe s s e e r s 1 4 rs e . . 0 . ga u ; b n ath , t i k lion Wt g

s li r 30 Thi is a piece of eight t ae ; No . was wor th e ighty litr ae r e s r . r m , or ten silv tate s Va ious new ultiple s of th e litra occur fr om this time forward in the Syracus an rr e cu ncy .

2 — H B . C 32 s ic ets a . 87 2 8 7 . A7 . . b . Z Syracu e , , O v Y PAKO Z IQ N. - e Pe rs e e e e e e G E. Rev. H ad of phon ; b hind , poppy h ad ; b n ath , KE e Erl I I . N ve cr es ce m e e G . TA ik , in biga ; abo , nt oon ; b n ath,

6 5 4 rs . Wt . g

s 2 8 —2 r B 7 8 . . 33 34. . C . 7 B Obv. e Pers e e , Sy acu e , H ad of phon ; 34 c e Z Y PAKO Z I N. e b ee r . R v. Q b hind , ( ) bu anium

1 1 1 rs . k r r s r s . 9 Wt . i e ve s . , in quad iga ; abo , ta g and g

s r m Hic eta s Although the e coins do not bea the na e of , ther e c a n be no doubt that the y we re struck under his

a re litrae . rule . They pieces of fifteen

r P e Rev. . . A7 ers e . 35 . bv e of Af ica Carthage O . H ad phon rs e s e e s r e e e r end Ho , tanding on dott d lin , uppo t d at ith by two ’ - s s s s e e e . . 1 45 2 rs . mall ymbol , a goat h ad and an y Wt g

e . B . s of e er 3 6 . e er es a s on c Obv. Carthag H ad of H akl , oin Al xand ’ - P c Gre . rs e s e ree e e t h e R ev. at Ho h ad and palm t ; b n ath , in uni “ ” c r c ers a m ma che na t e e t he c . . 2 57 rs . ha a t , , p opl Of amp Wt g

This coin is subs equent to the time of Alexander ; the r two followin g a re apparently some what earlie . They

are all un doubte dly by Gr e ek artis ts .

3 . B . e c e r c s 7 . Pe rs e Obv. e Carthage H ad of phon , opi d f om oin of - f r ee . . 2 6 2 rs . r c s e . R ev. rs e r c r o Sy a u Ho , p an ing in f ont palm t Wt g — B . C. 336 280 . 6 9

38 . r . B . Obv. e of Pers e e e c s Ca thage H ad phon b hind whi h , ymbol - Rev. rs e s r of re e e of Baal Ho , tanding in f ont palm t ; b hind , t h e s un e e rs e er r . 4 . 26 rs . ; b n ath ho , a flow g owing Wt g

3 9 . e . A7 b O v. rs e e s r Rev. KY PA. Cyr ne Ho man ; b hind , ta . Sil hi m u . 43 8 rs . p plant Wt . g

4 0 . n . B . b f e s O v. e o . Rev. K Cyre e H ad young Z u Ammon Y PA. m In e r . rs . Silphiu plant . fi ld, t ipod Wt . g

r e B . . e of . Rev. K A. Cy en Obv. H ad Apollo Y P Silphium

i . rs . In e er f) . plant . fi ld, j boa and Wt g

of r e r B . C. 322 The above coins Cy en we e struck after , ‘ m P m when Cyrenaica beca e subject to the tole ies . 7 0 PER I v OD .

P I — IR A B — O . O c . C. 2 80 1 9 ER D V 0 .

URING B . C. D the third century , the age of the Epigoni , the coinage throughout Asia is almost exclusively regal ; some even of those cities which pres erved their autonomy s m i sued their coins in the na e of Alexander, and with the hi s m types of oney . In m European Greece , the tetradrach s of the kings of m m s Macedon are the ost i portant ; but , toward the close P re of the period , after the power of hilip V . had been s tricte d R m m m by the o ans , Athens once ore beca e the principal place of mintage in Greec e ; the new Athenian m - r ul tetradrach s soon obtaining a world wide ci c ation . R m r B C 2 68 At o e , silver was fi st coined in . . , and at the same time the Silver coinage of the parts of Italy subj e c t R m m m to o e ceases . Tarentu continued to coin oney

B C . 2 0 9 . until . In II h m Sicily, Hiero . struck coins both in is own na e Ph ilistis 2 1 2 and in that of Queen ; but in , on the cap r ture of Syracuse by Ma cellus , the right of coining in m m Sicily was onopolised by Ro e . Carthage meanwhil e continued to coin largely both in h e r d od e ca d ra chms gold and silver , with the head of P r ersephone on one side , and the ho se on the other, being the larges t silver c oins ever is sued in ancient time s . The coins of this century a r e especially remarkable as e r e r r pr senting a se i s of po t aits of the kings of Egypt , B P B n P m Syria , actria, ontus , ithy ia , erga us , Macedon , and m r Sicily , of inesti able histo ical value . Although it cannot be affirmed that in any great degree m r a rt the coins of this period reflect the best conte po ary , it is yet instructive to compare some of the reverse types m with the r emaining sculptur e s of the ti e . I I . I . a rt P V . V V The plastic of eriods , , and , which it is r r r best to g oup togethe , is cha acterised m i B m ff m . ( . ) y realis , striking e ects , dra atic co positions

s — a t P r m Is i onu s The chief arti ts were e ga us , g at R A e s a n d ros Ath a n od oru s P hodes , g , , and olydorus at

s l Ta uri cus . Tralle , Apo lonius and s I 7 1 PER OD v.

a re — of School o P er a mus The chief extant works the f g , P r m s m n s The e ga ene Sculpture , co bat of gods and gia t , B e r D e s lin ; the ying Gaul , in the Capitol ; Wound d Gaul m N e n c e er e ms and A azons , apl s , Ve i , and oth Mus u ; ” a n d r c e Pa etu s r the g oup all d and Ar ia , in the Villa Lu d ovis i School o Rhod es n th e ; of the f , the Laocoo , in ” c School o Tra lles r B Vati an and of the f , the Fa nese ull , at Naple s .

B m ers on ific a (ii . ) y ideal ythological conceptions ; by p tions of abstr act ide as ; and finally by r epr oductions

of older works .

e r s — of th e New Attic School The chi f a ti ts were , Apol lonius e Cle omen e s s on r s , son of N stor, , of Apollodo u , Gl con e r School o Ita l Pa siteles y , and oth s ; and of the f y, , e u M nelaus , and Stephan s . a r e — th e e th e The chief extant works V nus of Melos , ’ e d r s e e s a n d V nus de Me ici , the Fa ne Hercul , the group of O s B s re tes and Electra , at Naples ; the elvedere Tor o by B d Apollonius the son of Nestor, and the orghese Gla iator A a s ia s by g of Ephesus . PERI V A . OD .

V . A .

PLATES 3 — 0 6 4 .

’ PL ATE - 1 4 . m 1 Four tetradrach s with Alexander s types . No . r c m was st uck at Cyzi us , probably in the ti e of Anti o h u II c s . m i c r . , about the iddle of the th rd entu y

. 2 2 r h 6 s . 2 t e r e . Wt g . No has Ca ian doubl axe 3 r . 2 4 . Wt 6 grs . No cannot be att ibuted with cer r l r tainty , but p obably be ongs to the weste n part of

s r . Ar a d u s 2 6 3 r . 4 A ia Mino Wt . g s . No is of , in P a n d r s e 6 2 hoenicia , bea the dat of the era of Ara c c mme B C w s . 2 5 9 . c a dus , whi h o nced in . This oin - e r c B . C . 1 98 . 2 64 rs 7 . th efore stru k in Wt . g

P Mi r 5 . th a d e I . t s I. B . a P r r of . Rev. ontus Obv. o t ait king B AZ IAE Z MI Aet o horos s e e Q G PAAAT O Y . e s Z u p , at d ; in

r s r cr es c e rs . f ont , a ta and nt . Wt . g i h r — M t a d a t e n r 40 1 90 . s m B . 2 This reig ed f o C . The star c r s n a re m e ms th e a n d m and e ce t e bl of sun oon , and e th e Pe r s m m allud to religion of the sian , fro who the n s P e r s c n ki g of ontus w e de e de d . l h 6 . a c ed n . . K . C o B f De e er v e e . R ev. AAX Obv. e o H ad m t , il d

s e e on s . . rs . Apollo , at d omphalo Wt g 2 B . 3 3 m e th e v . Co par ob erse of this coin with V and , of B yzantium and Chalcis in Euboea ; and the re vers e All e c 1 9 s th e . with V . A . , of Antiochu Great th se oins

ma s m III. B . C . y be a signed to the ti e of Antiochus , 2 2 2- 1 8 7 .

— B . i 2 1 8 . 2 8 0 bv. e Pru s a s I. B . C. O 7 . B . ithynia , H ad Of '

Z PO Y Z IO Y . e s s r us i R ev. B AZ IAEQ II P a s . Z u , tanding,

2 65 rs . holding wre ath and s cept re . Wt . g

— B . e B 2 84 2 63 . bv. 8 m P e . C. O P . PLATE 37 . . erga us hil taerus , H ad

e ( IAET AIPO Y . P s s e e e o e e . R v. f Se l e uc us I. diad m d D alla at d, l ft ,

rs . holding a s hi eld in fr ont of h er . Wt . g

The c oins of the kings of Pe r gamus can only be ar e b e r m m s rang d y style , as th y all bea the na e , and o t of e m th e r of P aer us n e r th po trait , hilet , the fou d of the n s t c is on e e r it s b e a r s th e dy a y . This oin of the a liest ; o d portrait of S e le ucus who appe ars to have b een re cog nl s e r n by Phile taerus a s hi s suze ai .

PERI V . OD A .

— 1 A7 . Diod o u s . A 2 2 B . 2 t e L TE . 1 7 R v. 39 . e s r n er . actria ( ) Z u , hu li g thund bolt 2 d e mu 2 A7 Euth s . rs Rev. er es s e e . Wt . g . ( ) y H akl , at d

1 2 s 2 3 me r . e . 9 r . B . Rev. r es cr Wt g ( ) De t ius H akl , owning - h d e mu I Eut s I . s e 2 24 B . R ev. . . 59 5 r him lf Wt g s . ( ) y

2 m . r es s 5 B . e . . rs H akl , tanding Wt g . ( ) Anti achus

R e . P s e v s r e . . o idon , tanding , holding t id nt and palm Wt 2 6 rs . B . E . B AZ IAEYO NTO g ( ) Agathocles Rev. ' AI K bv AG O AEO YZ A IKAI r er . O . O Y . e us Z , hu ling thund bolt A IO AO TO Y Z r s . Wt . Q T H P iod otu s . O Z . Head of D g

2 7 Al " A a th I es oC GS e s cr . er ( ) g Rev. Sam in iption H akl ,

s e e . Obv. EYG YA H M e of Euth d emus . at d O Y G EO Y . H ad y rs Wt . g .

This remarkable ser ie s of coins furnishes us with the ’ names of the successors of Alexander s gener als in B actria I m B h e r . C. 2 5 0 t and ndia , fro about , the date of sepa ation of B actr ia from the Seleucid kingdom under Diod otus as th e an independent king , down to the time of Antiochus m . o l Great of Syria Agath c es , on the two speci ens above e s Diod otu s described , places the h ads of his predecessor , Euth d emu s and y , on his coinage , but there are other m r speci ens with his own port ait .

— C m II . LAT 40 . 28 34 . . 28 A7 P AAEA DQ N. E Egypt ) Obv. tole y I P m I B e ( . l E N. . and Arsinoe Rev. G Q to e y and re I - P e m B . 42 8 6 rs . nice Wt . g tol y Soter and erenice EO I were deified after their deaths , and entitled G Z r e Q T H PEZ . A sino was sister and second wife of P m - II B Rev. 2 I. . . C . A7 e I 85 247 . 2 9 tole y , ( ) Arsino

APZ INO ( C 42 9 rs . HZ I A D . D A AE O . e c r c ae A D Y oubl o nu opi . Wt g - 30 A7 P m I 22 2 . II . 247 B . C. ( ) tole y (Euergetes),

Rev. “TO AEMAIO Y B AZ I r e AEQ Z . C r c ae s o nu opi , u mount d

I . m c rc e of r s . I s e . r 31 A7 B r by i i l ay Wt g s . ( ) e enice ,

P m III. Z . wife of tole y Rev. B EPENIKHZ B AZ IAIZ Z H I e b e C r c ae. n e . er s . P s r c E es s . o nu opi fi ld , hap t u k at ph u Wt rS — 32 A7 P m 2 2 2 05 . I . Ph . 2 g V ilo a tor B . C ( tole y ( p ), ' ( Rev. T3 EMAIO Y I er . FI A D AO IIAT E e on O PO Z . agl thund bolt

s . . r 33 A7 I r g e II . Wt ( ) Arsino , wife and siste P m I l V . A c z . of to e y Rev. PZ INO HZ b l nATO Po

C r c ae. . rs . 34 P m . o nu opi Wt g ( ) A7 . tole y V (Epi — 2 05 1 81 . n o. Rev. E I BAZ IAEQ Z . phanes), HTO A MA O Y 2 rs E . 4 9 . agl e on thunderbolt . Wt g These magnificent Egyptian gold coins bear authentic r s r m and st iking portrait of the eigning onarchs , not , m as is generally the case with the silver oney, the

tr aditional portrait of th e founder of the dynasty . B — 5 2 0 1 90 . 7 . C. 8

1 A7 PLATE 41 . . O . Obv. e e er the Gre r of dessus H ad Of Al xand at , with ho n

. R ev. BAZ IAEQ Z AYZ IMAXO Y . P s Nik e horos Ammon alla p , ’

s e e . In e r of O es s s s r e s e at d fi ld , monog am d u , and magi t at nam ,

1 29 rs . KO I. Wt . g

’ 2 u B . of er es . O . Obv. e l s s . Rev. dess s H ad H ak , in lion kin

A . e s Aet h AZ IAEQ Z AAEE NAPO Y O oros s e e . B Z u p , at d Mono ’

r O ess s s e s r e s e . . 2 57 rs . g am of d u , and am magi t at nam Wt g Coins bearing the names of Lysimachu s and of Alex an der continued to b e issued after the death of those — m . . . . 1 4 . onarchs , both in Thrace and Asia Minor Cf V A

3 B m B . b of D . . O v. e e e er ve e . R ev. Efl l yzantiu H ad m t , il d

Z KO Y . P s e s e e r c r e MENI o idon , at d on o k , holding t id nt and f In e r o . 2 s re . . 0 6 rs . aplu t fi ld , monog am Byzantium Wt g

Cal h ed on m c . . 6 . Co pare this coin with that of , V A

4 m B . e P s . . Obv. . Rev. Z MO . C e e Sa othrace H ad of alla A yb l , ’ s e e r e e e c . s r e s e at d on th on ; b n ath whi h , lion Magi t at nam , rs MHT PQ NAE . Wt . g . m B h . M ot Alexander and Lysi achus , according to L uller ,

struck mone y in Samothrace . As the types of this auto n omou s coin are suggested by the gold coinage of Ale x e r m r c n and , it is probable that Sa oth a e regained its i de en d en ce e m p aft r the death of Lysi achus , whose widow e 2 7 9 m P m Ceraunus Arsino fled there in fro tole y , then

king of Macedon .

n 2 — Go a ta s B . C. 2 39 5 c . 7 7 B . . Ma edonia Antigonus , . e s e the ce re of c f Pa n Obv. c e o Ma donian hi ld, in nt whi h a h ad ,

r e e his e e . Rev. B AZ IAEQ Z N I ho n d ; b hind h ad, a p dum ' A T

NO Y . e s r er . . 2 65 rs . F O Ath na Alki , hu ling thund bolt Wt g Th e head of Pan on the coins of Antigonus refers to the panic of the Gauls when Antigonus defeated them in B 2 l e r m C . 7 7 . , which was fo lowed by their r treat f o Macedon m and the recovery of the kingdo by Antigonus . The style of the figure of Pallas on the reverse of this coin

is archaistic , not archaic .

n u — 20 o a ta ? B . C 6 . G s . 229 2 . Obv. e Antigonus or Doso - H ad of B AZ I Z Rev. AEQ N II NC . P s e . O o idon A T Y Apollo, holding

he r e . Wt . 2 60 r s e e on t s . bow , at d p ow of a gall y g m This coin was for erly attributed to Antigonus , king of PERI V . B OD .

— B . C. 30 6 30 1 th Asia , , e s ' but flat fabric of the piece , no les e fie min a te c e r r r o than the haract of the art , rende s it p bable that it was struck either by Antigonus Gon a ta s or Do n by Antigonus s o . Thi s latter made an e xpedition by h e w sea against Caria , which , in allianc e ith Antiochus H ie r a x r m P e m r e m r , took f o tol y Eue get s . Co pa e the atti tude of the s eated Apollo on this piece with that on the m r r — n . . 1 2 1 9 conte po a y Syrian coi s , V A , and the head on v e Z I. B V . 1 6 s . the ob rse with that of eus on , of Epiru s Dos on B e . . 2 7 For portrait of Antigonu , see b low , V

i — 7 . P . B 2 20 1 V . C . . 7 8 B . 0 57) . e hilip , Mac donian s hi eld ; in th e c e r e c e Pe rs e s e r e e e s r e nt of whi h h ad of u , w a ing wing d h lm t , u mount d ’ riffin s e his s er g ; r . R ev. B AZ IAEQ Z by ' h ad at hould , ha pa ( DI I - A IInO Y . C re s e re r . . lub , in oak w ath ; out id w ath , ha pa Wt rs g . P m The head on this coin is a portrait of hilip hi self, in P the character of erseus .

— 8 . P V . 2 n . 2 0 1 . o 7 8 . B of P . Rev. hilip , Obv. H ead hilip B AZ IAEQ Z e s e . Ath na Alki , in fighting attitud 2 5 9 Wt . grs .

D rrh a hi 9 . c m u . Monuni us . B . f. Obv. Cow s c c y , u kling al “ R ev. B AZ IAEQ Z MO NO Y NIO Y r er G r e s , Flo al patt n, a d n ”

o f Alcino s . ii . 16 1 rs Wt g .

Monuniu s I r f was an lly ian chie , who , as Droysen sup i 2 0 B C . 8 poses , dur ng the invasion of the Gauls , circa . , D rrha chium seized upon y .

Amb r 1 0 . . i a c a . B . f D e e r re v. e o Epirus Ob H ad ion , w a ing w ath ’ ' i ve . Rev. a and il A M . O belis k of the Apollo A yvl ei s of Amb ra ci

e 1 rs . re re . . 5 bound with fill t, in lau l w ath Wt g PLATE 1 1 . Ca s s o e . B . D e s cr e oak Obv. e of e p H ad odona an Z u , own d with ' E on e r m. Rev. KAZ Z Q IIAIQ N. e s b hind , monog a agl tanding - 6 6 rs . thunderbolt ; all in oak wre ath . Wt . g m R During the ti e of the Epirote epublic or League , seve ral cities of Epirus seem to have exercis ed the right P of is s uing an independent coinage . robably the unity of Epir us which was maintained by the personal ascend e ncy of the Moloss ian kings was partially relaxed when r m Amb ra cia thei line ca e to an end . The above coins of — Ca s s o e a re e VI . B . 1 6 1 8 and p arlier in style than , and ma y be assigned to th e latter part of the third e r c ntu y . — B . 2 1 . C . 80 90 7 7

. B . s D ae s D e 1 2 . Obv. e e e Epirus H ad of odon an Z u and ion ; b hind , A I ev. FIE P . h monogram . R Q TAN Butting bull ; t e Whol e in - 1 4 r 5 s . re . . oak w ath Wt g .

h m P rr B C t e s m . . When fa ily of y hu beca e extinct , about 2 38 r e n r m e r me n e s s e , a publica fo of gov n t was tabli h d in r s c c n n th e c n e c e Epi u , whi h o ti ued till o qu st of Ma donia

R me 1 68 . s n e n th e e r e r r by o , in Thi coi b lo gs to a li pe iod

h r . F or e r f 1 I B 1 6 7 . t e s o . V . . of Epi ote Leag ue lat coin , ,

- B . 1 A a rn a nia . 3 . c Obv. e v Ach loii e r er e s . In H ad of i god fi ld , '

. ev. K AY KO Y PI O Z R A APNANQ N. c s s e e Apollo A tin , at d ,

1 58 rs . holding b ow . Wt . g 0 The se coin s of the Acarnan ian Le ague we re s truck th e m e r e r r about iddl of the thi d c ntu y , p obably at u e th e e e n th r r Le cas . The styl of s at d Apollo o e e ve se ma y b e compar e d with that of Apollo on the tetradrachm

n B . 6 . of Antigonus Dos o ? V .

A7 1 4 B tolia . b of P O v. e s . . Rev. AITQ AQ N. B tolia H ad alla ,

s he s e . s e s N . rs s eat ed on hi ld hold ik Wt g .

i r m m Th s figu e is so eti es but wrongly called Atalanta .

i A7 ol a . O e e I B t bv. r es 5 . . Rev. I r . H ad of H akl A TQ AQ N. Simila

In e r e s . . 6 6 rs . fi ld , A t mi Wt g

li B . t a . r R B o bv. e of e es . e . I 6 . O v A H ad H akl ITQ AQ N. B t olia s e e s e s c the ce G s , at d on hi ld , among whi h Ma donian and auli h

s s . . 2 r s hi e lds a re c on pi c uou Wt 59 g s .

The above coins of the B tolia n League belon g to the — Th e r a r m r 2 9 1 6 8 . e e e e B C . 7 m pe riod . obv s s i itat d f o

h e re . Th r 1 c s e e r t e s e . B . 4 oin of Al xand G at gold tat , V , ma y b e c ompared with th e c onte mporary stater of 24 P rr . . . y hus , V C

- B . of B lia . lu oa k B to Obv. e to s re I7 . H ad bound with w ath and

Rev. AITQ N. fEt olia n r fE l diade m intertwin ed . AQ h e o t O us e c his r r c e on e nak d, pla ing ight foot on a o k , and l aning knott d ’ r his a rm W er s s e r s r e . t . rs . hunt p a , wo d und g

B . o f r s lia . e e h e r s er B to bv. 1 8 . O H ad A t mi ; at hould , bow and ' Et olia s s s N. f e e on e . Wt 1 8 rs AIT Q AQ . 8 . v r . Rev. qui e , at d hi ld g

’ c n s c e r th e me m s r e s These two oi , whi h b a sa agi t at r s m r e ( r s . signatur , b l, we e pe hap struck in the a e yea 7 8 PERI B OD v. .

B 1 9 . . B . f D Obv. e o e e er c . Re B I N. oeotia H ad m t , fa ing v. O Q TQ P s e s e on r e . . o idon , tanding, holding dolphin, and l aning t id nt Wt r 7 81 g s .

s n C. Coins of thi type probably belo g to the period B . - 2 44 1 9 7 . Th e I 2 B . 2 . v appear to be later than V .

2 0 . B . . Obv. e P s e r cr es e e e Athens H ad of alla , w a ing t d h lm t ,

r e . R ev. AG E. O wl s r on e er unado n d , tanding on ampho a ; ith ’ s m h - e s r e s r t e e ve re . . id , magi t at monog a ; whol in oli w ath Wt 2 59 rs g . Nearly all the tetradrachms which have the names of the magistrates unde r whose authority they were is s ue d m r m r ms a r e e ely indicated by onog a , classed as the earlie s t of the later series of Athenian money which

s B . 2 20 begin about C. .

2 1 . . B . r e e e r c r e r f Athens Obv. Simila h ad ; h lm t i hly ado n d with g i fin A IKI K r R ev. E M Q N EY PY AEI and for eparts of ho s es . G - O wl on r th e e ve r e . O n APEZ TO Z . ampho a ; whol in Oli w ath he D c r e e ME. e t s r . . ampho a, K ; b n ath, Symbol in fi ld, io u i Wt 2 60 grs .

Eury clid e s and Micion are mentioned by hi storians as

2 1 7 . B . C m s of the Athenians in . The two agi c a n r s e r s trates on this coin ha dly be the e p ons , though n they ma y be their desce nda ts . The letter K on the amphor a is us ed as a numeral to indicate the tenth m c th e m e prytany or onth during whi h third agistrat , in

r PEZ TO Z ffi . the p esent instance A , was in O ce The first two magistrates on these late Athenian coins held the ir places for one year ; the third was changed every

r u m . E m r p ytany , abo t once a onth M beneath the a pho a is the mark of the particular workshop in the min t in m which the die was engr ave d . The accessory sy bol in the field is almost always the seal of the magistrat e

whose name stands first on the coin .

’

t es . s r es es K EI 2 2 . B . r EY PY A . Athens Simila yp Magi t at nam , rs APIAPA H PAKAEI. Wt . g .

The Eury clid es who signs this coin is probably m 2 1 identical with the magistr ate of the same na e on No . . e e m It will be s n , by co paring these coins of Athens with th e thos e whic h belong to next period , that the style of r the art continues slowly to dete iorate . 2 0— B .C . 8 1 90 . 7 9

B . 23 . a . b . e f s R ev. Ach ean League O v H ad o Zeu Homagyrius . r of th e c ae s s er r s O f s r es Monog am A h an , two mall monog am magi t at , fi h - 3 6 rs . and a sh t e whol e in an olive wreath . Wt . g

fish is m l D me The the sy bo of y . which joined the 2 8 B . 0 . l e ague about C.

B . 24 . ae . f r es rev. AN or Ach an League Simila typ ; but on ,

385 rs . Antigoneia . Wt . g

B 2 2 C. 2 The city of Mantineia received this name in . D m . fro Aratus , in honour of Antigonus osou

’ ~ 2 5 ae . B . s o r r e n ev. s . Ach an League Simila typ ; but wolf

e the s of r s c e th e e e B . C . 2 2 8 . h ad , ymbol A go , whi h join d l agu in rs Wt . 357 g . The style of this coin shows it to have been struck very c on e e r s oon afte r the above date . Ea h of the confed ate s ae e e n e th e e s s town of the Ach an Leagu issu d , u d r r pon i b ilit its ow n m s r e s e r y of agi t at , a portion of the f de al e r r s m r c oinag in silve or coppe . Coin bearing the a ks of - r s forty th ee of these town are known.

2 . B . f e s re e 6 . Obv. e o e . R v. F A. E e Elis H ad Z u , lau at agl ; in ’

c e s er e . s r e s s re I r c A . t W . f ont of whi h a oil d p nt Magi t at ignatu , 4 rs 1 8 g .

Elis continued to coin money independe ntly of the r 9 1 c ae e e B . C. 1 w a s A h an L ague , down to the y a , when it

P e s s . the. last city in eloponn u to join the league The Z s la te r m head of eu on this coin is of a pe iod , not uch 2 r B . C 00 befo e . .

m n . d ée o . B 2 . La c e 7 . e e Obv e R ev. . H ad of a king , diad m d . A A rc c e of th e of c ae s e r A hai imag Apollo Amy l , holding p a and bow ;

es e the s e . . rs . b id tatu , a goat Wt g

The portrait on this coin has usually been s aid to be — l m n III B . 220 C eo e e s . C. 2 3 6 e e e that of , , but it has lat ly b n a s Doson u identified that of Antigonus , in whose hono r it ma 2 2 B . C. 1 . y have been struck after the battle of Sellasia ,

'

2 m . B . 8 . a b e f O v. o P s . R ev. A A. er es Laced e on H ad alla H akl ,

r 2 35 rs . s e ate d on o ck s . Wt . g

The style of the seated Her akles on this coin shows it to have been struck about the end of the third c entury

B . C. 80 PERI . B OD v .

2 9 . . s A7 . Obv. e of er es e r e Euboea Cary tus H ad H akl , b a d d . K Rev. P . r e c ve r e l . e e c A Y Bull lining ; abo , t id nt ; b n ath , ub . Wt . 4 9 3 rs g . The style of the head of Herakles on this c oin is dis tin ctly late r than that of the silver c oin s of the same It ma type . y be as late as the beginning of the second B C century . .

0 3 . B . . Obv. e o f c s III Carystus H ad Antio hu . bound with oa k

r e e e e Rev. KAPYZ IQ N T . N e w ath ntwin d with diad m . ik , in

. . 9 8 5 rs biga Wt g .

w r r B . a s C. 1 9 1 This coin p obably st uck in , when

Antiochus was in Euboea .

1 3 . . B . e e e e r e rr l Obv. Chalcis F mal h ad , w a ing a ing ; two ong

c e . e XA K c s of r h er e R v. A I. E e lo k hai hang down n k , b hind agl ,

s e s c e s er e . s tanding with Op n wing , and ont nding with p nt Magi ’ r e s e MENEA H . . 848 rs . t at nam , Wt g

e c r me The spr ad fabri of this coin , the t eat nt of the hair th e s on obverse , and the expres ion in the attitude of the

l . eagle , al point to a late period

2 3 . a er B . e of e e s ve e . e . Obv. R v. Chalcis H ad qu n H a, il d De e er rc r e e XA KI E N. A A Q m t , holding to h , in quad iga ; b n ath , - k r e . . The e oa rs . _ ENO KPAT HZ . whol in w ath Wt g The head on the obvers e ma y b e an idealised portr ait of II m rr c s m c I . e r the lady of Chal i who Antio hus a ied th e , in 1 9 1 ma c mme m r m B . C . the reverse y o o ate the ga es held on the occasion of the nuptials . B r . . f e s . Rev. EPET PIE e o r Q N. 33 . E etria Obv. H ad A t mi

rec e e . 86 5 rs . Bull lining ; b n ath , Wt g 00 2 . r r B C . Probably not ea lie than .

s s . Rev. P . B . Obv. e e e cr s 34 . aros F mal h ad, bound with o ing band ’

r e e ANAE IK. . 1 1 8 rs . G . s s flAPI. oat Magi t at nam , Wt g

PE RI OD V . C .

In B . C . 2 68 e th e n m R m , wh n de arius was first co ed at o e , th e Campan ian silve r w a s r estricted to the Q uad ri a tus ' g is m l Vi ctoria tus (of which this an exa p e) and the .

9 . m . G . ZR . b O v. e P s . Rev. G L Ca pania ales H ad of alla A ENO .

N . . 1 1 rs e 3 . ik , in biga Wt g

m m B C 34 3 . This town was colonised fro Ro e in . . The silve r money which bear s its name must be attributed to

r B C. 2 8 . the pe iod between this year and . 6

0 u . fR bv. e 1 . S e s s a . O e e a r . R c r ev. H ad of Apollo ; b hind , of o n

S VES ANO . r s e c r r r on one e Ho man , a ying palm , iding and l ading

rs . rs . a s econd ho e . Wt g R m u a B C . 3 1 . S e s s was occupied by a o an colony about . 3 B 2 6 G . C . 8 . Like ales , it ceases to coin silver in

u c eria . ZR. bv N e f O s c 1 1 . N O . o Alfaterna am town , in an ’

r c ers . e e r s r e . c ha a t Young mal h ad , with am ho n ; b hind , dolphin th D s c r s i es e rs r O ne e e . . s . R ev. of io u i , tand ng b id ho Wt g The silver money of this city is contemporary with

that of Gales and Sue s s a . m ZR. id icin u . b m S v. e er e s 1 2 . Te a nu O H ad of young H akl , in ’ . R N e O s c c r rs e e c ev. c e . lion s s kin ; b n ath , lub am of town, in an ha a t

N e r . . rs . ik , in t iga Wt g 9 l m r . G . This coin is c early conte pora y with No , of ales

B . A fl ANQ N. e Pe rs e e . Obv. P 1 3 . Apulia . Arpi H ad of phon ;

O Y . Pr c rs e ve r AAI s . ear c r . R ev. b ehind , of o n an ing ho ; abo , ta

rs . Wt . g The name of the magistrate on this coin recalls that of u m n e c m Da siu s Altini s , e tion d by Livy as hief agistrate

of Arpi during the Hannibalic war .

PLAT 45’ AI. e er es . Re m . Obv. v. r . E 1 4 . Calab ia Tarentu H ad of H akl r s r e r v e e TAPANT INQ N. Ta a , holding t id nt , d i ing biga ; b n ath ,

1 32 rs . er . . API, and thund bolt Wt g This coin is th e latest in style of all the gold money t m o m th e c of Tare ntum . I see s to bel ng to the ti e of Se ond — f l V . G. 1 3 G . 2 1 2 20 9 . B . C. , Puni c War , which is of the

same type but much earlier .

on rs e re ce ve e ZR. Obv. n m . , ; 1 5 . Tar e tu Boy ho i d by nak d man r r r Rev. r s e t APIZ T lrl . Ta a , holding bow and a ow, iding b e n a h ,

9 8 5 rs . b e e e e . . g on dolphin ; n ath , l phant Wt — 1 B 2 0 90 . . C. 8 8 3

s m P The elephant on this coin point to the ti e of yrrhus , — B C. 2 8 1 2 7 2 r . , as the ea liest probable date to which it can s be a signed .

1 6 re ’ m . . R . J Obv. rs e e r c s . s r e s Ta ntu Ho man , w a ing hlamy Magi t at

e E ENO KPAT HZ . Re v. P Z . r s on h e nam , TA A Ta a , dolphin ; e e es c -fis h s r e v c e . . 9 94 rs hold t id nt b n ath , wa , in whi h uttl Wt g . - N. e e r c e . ZR. IQ b . K E 1 7 Luc ania . H a l a O v I H PA A H ad of

s s . R . er es s c P s . ev alla H akl , tanding, holding lub and lion kin

N . 9 7 9 rs . e fl m ci own . ik , y g, about to him Wt g

Z

Thurl um I R. O Y PIQ N. 1 l ev. 8 . e o o lo . R G Obv. H ad p Butting

ve API. o In e er e r . . 94 rs . bull ; abo , x gu , t ipod Wt g 1 — 1 8 m m Nos . 6 see to be so e of the latest silver coins of r c e the i respective iti s . ZR 1 e . e e Rev. 9 . e . Obv. e P s e r V lia H ad of alla , w a ing wing d h lm t ’ f Y EAHTQ N. s r es e ers ear o Lion, walking . Magi t at l tt , and

r . . rs c o n Wt g . Thi s coin ma y b e attributed to the period ending 2 68 B . C .

2 B m tlzl l AI. 0 . . B PETT IQ N. e of P s e . Rev. Obv. H ad o idon r e ve e s e e s ea- rs e e r e her s s Er s Amphit it , il d , at d on ho ; b fo tand an o ,

r . 655 rs . d awing a bow Wt . g

B ruttli ZR 2 1 . D s c r s r e s ta l s . Obv. e s the H ad of io u i , u mount d by I B PETT N. rs c 1 e . Q Th Dios cu1 i on e . . 86 i s R v e . , ho ba k Wt g

2 ru tii 2 . B t . ZR. h Obv. e of m r e ve l e er s er H ad A phit it , i d ; at hould ,

B PETT IQ N. P s e e c his r s c e re R ev. pt . o idon , nak d, pla ing ight

on the c o f I c c r es s ce re . In foot apital an oni olumn , and ting on pt

e c r . 7 rs . fi ld , ab Wt . g

er th e m P r Shortly aft ti e of yr hus , the coinage of the r e c s B ru ttium e s e s re G e k towns of the oa ts of c a , and is c r B ruttia n n e e pla ed by a fede al coi ag , of which the abov c a r e m H pie es e xa ples . This lasts until after the annibalic

war .

' L I i . . 2 3 . O C ZR e KP AO N. e e s . R v. Q Obv. H ad of Z u Roma ( PQ MA) s e e s r s e cr e es , at d, with wo d and hi ld, own d by Fid

s s e r h er . . rs w ho tand b fo e Wt g .

The obverse of this coin resembles so c los e ly that of n m P rr s . G. 2 7 r n l ma y hu (V ) that , bea i g ind the type , it y a s w a s c i B . c . 2 7 4 be considered certain that it stru k n , the R m th e P rr when o ans , after final defeat of y hus , allowed the Locrians to r etain their auton omy P RI . E OD V . C

— PLATE 46 . r h I B 2 P C . 5 2 2 AI. 24 9 7 . . . P s b . e of y r us , in taly , O v H ad alla ;

e . Rev. FIY PPO Y B AZ IAEQ Z . N e c rr b hind , owl ik , a ying k - re r oa . cr . rs . w ath and t ophy Symbol , bu anium Wt . g

2 I d P . 5 . A7 . bv e of A e r O . r s yrrhus , in taly H a t mi ; in f ont , - r c . R ev. N e c rr o a k re ”Y PPO Y B AZ IAEQ Z . to h ik , a ying w ath r her e r s e . In . v e er . and t ophy ; ta abo h ad fi ld, thund bolt Wt

6 5 grs .

A7 2 6 P . . f . Obv. e o r e s h er s er ver yrrhus H ad A t mi ; at hould , qui ;

e er . R ev. FIY PPO Y B AZ IAEQ Z . r b hind , thund bolt Simila

6 6 rs . typ e . Wt . g

B . f D n n 2 P . e o od o ze a e s e 7 . Obv. r oa k yrrhus H ad Z u , w a ing

IAEQ Z H Y PPO Y . D e s e e on r e re Rev. B AZ w ath . ion , at d th on ,

s ce re r s her ve . . 258 rs . holding pt , and ai ing il Wt g Some of the coins of Pyrrhus were struck in Italy and r c m r Sicily , and others in Epi us . A o pa ison of the head m on this tetradrach with that on the coin of Locri , m c s . G. 2 3 V , co bined with the fact that these oin of Pyrrhus are commonly found in the ne ighbourhood of

Locri , is strong evidence in favour of their having been

struck there .

2 JR . b e of c les . Rev. B AZ I E P . v. A Q Z 8 . yrrhus O H ad A hil e s ve e r on s ea -h rs e c rr fl Y PPO Y . Th ti , il d , iding a o , and a ying a

s e . 1 30 rs . r ound hi ld . Wt g

f ers e e e r r s. B . He o P b . 2 9 P bv. . y rhu O ad phon ; hind, ampho a

B AZ IAEQ Z HY PPO Y . e a s f R ev. Ath n Alki , in ighting atti

e . 87 rs . tud . Wt g

2 80 In I B . . I Pyrrhus crossed over into taly in C . taly

s r s B . C. and Sicily he pas ed six years , eturning to Epiru in 4 2 7 . His Epirote coinage is insignificant , consisting

solely of Copper .

— 1 2 5 2 6 . A7 II. B . C. 7 . 3 . r . Obv. 0 . Sicily Sy acuse Hiero ,

Wt . N e . e Rev. IEPQ NO Z . He ad of Pers ephon . ik , in biga rs 6 5 8 g .

II. B . f s Rev. 1 Obv. e o P . 3 . . Syracuse Hiero H ad alla

6 rs . Pe s s . . 85 IEPQ NO Z . ga u Wt g h l These coins , with Corint ian types , be ong to the ’ earlier years of Hiero s reign . B 280—1 0 . C . 9 . 85

3 2 . . II. e e r e r Syracuse Hiero H ad of Hi o, w a ing d r e . R ev. N e BAZ IAEO Z lEPQ NO Z . oyal diad m ik , in qua

r . . rs iga Wt g .

of 32 l l es This piece , of the weight si ver itr , is one of

s n r r B . C the fine t coi s of the thi d centu y .

3 i i ti JR. 3 . . Ph l s s . bv. e l O of Philistis ve e . Syracuse H ad , i d

Z . N e IAO r . . R ev. B AZ IAIZ Z AZ ¢ | AIZ T ik , in quad iga Wt rs g .

Philis tis f m h er f m in , only known ro coins , and ro an r S sc iption in the theatre at yracuse , was probably the r Th wife of Hie o . e coins of this queen are among the m s ul hi o t beautif of the period to w ch they belong .

B . f e er 34 . . b e o De ve O v. le e r re Sicily H ad m t , i d , and w a ing w ath

IKEAIQ TAN. e ev. Z N of c r . R r ve o n ik , in quad iga ; abo , m r c ma s for the e of er f o r c se . onog am , whi h y tand nam Hi o Sy a u

rs . Wt . g

f Pu B . C. 241 After the conclusion o the First nic War, , the whole island of Sicily was divided between Hiero and h n t e Roma s . These coins were probably struck for t h e m do inions of Hiero outside the territory of Syracuse .

— m B . PLAT 4 H C. 2 1 7 . 35 . . 6 2 1 5 . ZR. b He E Syracuse ierony us , O v. ad

er s e e . Rev. B AZ IAEO Z IEP NY MO Y . of Hi onymu , diad m d Q

rs . Thunderbolt . Wt . g

— 7 A . 2 1 5 2 1 2 . 36 . B . C. Obv. e of P ll s . e Syracuse , H ad a a R v.

Z Y PAKO Z IQ N. rt e s h ress h how and a rr ver A mi ( unt ), wit ow, qui , 42 rs and b ound . Wt . g .

— 2 1 5 2 1 2 . B . 3 7 . r B . C. Obv. e of Sy acuse , H ad Zeus . Rev.

K Z I N. N e r . . rs Z Y PA O Q . ik , in quad iga Wt g

2 1 — 1 B . C. 5 2 2 . fR. 38 . Obv. e of e r e er l es Syracuse , H ad b a d d H ak , ’ N e s s . Rev. Z Y PAKO Z IQ N. . . 7 86 rs . in lion kin ik , in biga Wt g

— 2 1 5 2 1 2 . B . 3 9 B . C. Obv. e of Pers e e . Syracuse , H ad phon , KO Z e c r e o l Rev. Z Y PA IQ N. N c r w . e own d with o n ; b hind , ik ,

. 1 0 8 rs . in quad riga . Wt g

m B . s s n f C. 2 1 5 After the a sas i ation o Hierony us , in , a — . 3 6 3 republic w a s proclaimed at Syracuse . Nos 9 were struck during the period which intervened between this date and the capture of the city by the Romans unde r 2 2 M l B . C. 1 . M . arcel us , in 8 6 PERI V c OD . .

40 Ta u r me m . . o um . ZR . Obv. e e Sicily H ad of Apollo ; b hind , r e AY P s . R v. T O MEN ITAN. r . 5 . 0 9 rs ta T ipod Wt g .

s s r The weight of thi coin , no le s than the style , p oves ' e e H II it to b long to th age of iero .

1 r . r . 4 . . Obv. e Per s e Rev. Af ica Ca thage EL H ad of phone .

rs e s . . Ho tanding Wt grs . I V . G. 35 This coin , though identical in type with , is n l c r m m not o y of a redu ed standa d , but of a etal uch alloye d with s ilver ; a considerable deterioration of style ma y also be detected .

At . 2 . 4 . b . R . Carthage O v H ead of Pe rse phone . ev Pranc ing

0 0 rs . hors e . Wt . 7 g

is P r m A m This large coin a unic dode cad ach . co parison of the debas e d a n d e xagge rate d style of thes e c oin s with the mor e c orrect a r t of the c oin s of the pre vious per iod r e e s hows that the y be long to a late age . Th y wer pro bably struck in the inte r val betwe e n the first and second 241 — 2 P B . C. 1 8 . unic Wars ,

Z

R . f r e ev. rs e r . J b Pe s e . R 43 . O v. e d o Ca thage H a phon Ho , looking 82 9 rs Wt . . ba ck . g

This coin is contemporary with the last .

’

ZR . e s r s r 4 G . Obv. e 4 . yrene H ad of Z u Ammon, with am ho n, and

m . INO N. . Rev. O bou nd with t aeni a . K Silphiu plant Wt s 1 17 gr . Th e coins with this legend wer e iss ued for th e whole

’ district of Cyrenaic a during a shor t per iod of in d e p e n d Ecd e mu s De mo h a n e s c e e nce , when and p , itiz ns of Megalo r polis , went over to Af ica at the invitation of the people 243 ff B . C. . of Gyrene to regulate their a airs , circa 87 PERIOD V I .

- I I IR A B 1 . . C. 90 1 0 0 PER OD V . C C

THE defeat of Antiochus by the Romans at the battle 1 90 w a e r e s B . C . s l of Magnesia , , for w ste n Asia Minor no s s c ae important than th e defeat of Philip V . at Cyno ephal Th r m 1 9 7 e for e ce . e in B . C . had be n Europ an Gree f eedo of many Gre e k cities in As ia w a s forthwith pr oclaime d by th e R m n c s c c o a s , in on equen e of whi h they again obtained h n m s e mm t e right of coi ing oney . Thi privil ge they i e d ia tely took advantage of by issuing coins eithe r in their m m r e . . di d e own na es , as g La psacus , Al xand ia Troas , Il m e m n Er th r ae H Ionim iu , Ten dos , Cy e , Myri a , y , eraclea , d u e m n Pe r th e Leb e s &c . , Magn sia , S yr a , ga , , or on pattern th e m n e r a n d his m of oney of Alexa d r the G eat , in na e , but with th e addition of their res pec tive bad ges and of the m r m r m n na es of thei local agist ate s in th e field . A o g these town s were some of the above (which thus appear m s m e r to have coined si ultaneou ly on y of both so ts), and m P a s s m Gos Te nos , Mitylene , hoc ea , Miletu , Chio , Sa os , , ’ m r R e . e r hod s , with any othe s The adoption of Al xande s coin-types by thes e cities is a pr oof that mon ey of this type w a s still the principal circ ulatin g medium ; for a ge neral re turn to an extin ct type by so many town s b e e would inexplicable . All th s e coins are eas ily dis tin gui sh e d from th e earlier mon e y of Alexander by the ir r m s s r Th r la ge di en ions and pread fab ic . e period du ing c th e c e e th e e ff whi h ities njoy d right of coinag di e red . R e for s r ce e s r hod s , in tance , p obably as d to t ike Alex nd rine m a B . C. 1 68 R m tetradrach s in , when the o ans de prive d h e r of h e r territory on the ma in land ; othe r c e s ma n 1 3 B . C. 3 iti y have conti ued to coin until , when the R m n v s m o a pro ince of Asia was con tituted , at which ti e th e c oin c alle d from its type the cis tophorus was adopte d by the Romans as the s tandar d coin for the whole pr o vinc e of As ia . Meanwhile the s erie s of th e coins of the r B c r P P n s a n d kings of Egypt , Sy ia , a t ia , arthia , o tu , B n n n r a n d r s ithynia , co tinued u i ter uptedly, p esent us with m . In P e e J s any valuable portraits al stin , the ew , under S m ae s s m i on Maccab u , for the fir t ti e iss ued mone y be aring 8 P 8 ERIOD VI.

“ h l I l s l m h the inscriptions , S eke of srae , and Jeru a e t e ” le m holy , in virtue of a privi ge conferred upon Si on by II i t S d e e s . Antiochus V . In m f M European Greece , the oney o the kings of acedon m B 1 68 . C. P co es to an end in , on the defeat of erseus by R m a s the o ans , but soon afterwards silver was gain i sued in M di R m r o acedon , vided into four regions under o an p e i Ma ron t ct on . e a in Thrace and Thas os probably be gan to issue their large flat tetradrachms about the time when

B . 4 e M C. 1 6 the acedonian coinage ceased , circa , wh n Mace donia west of the river Ne s tus was finally constituted a m r Ro an p ovince . Athens continued to coin throughout the whole of this d m m f m perio on an enor ous scale , her tetradrach s or ing in fact the staple of the currency for the trade with th e m East through the arket at Delos . So favoured indeed wer e these coins in the market that their types were m s Cre te m ma i itated by certain citie of , a ong which y be

G Gort na Prians u s . specified nossus , y , and In I R m ffe r m taly , o e su ed no oney to be coined except m R m m r in the na e of the o an state , and by agist ates u In r specially appointed for the p rpose . Af ica , Carthage continued to strike down to the conquest a nd destruction 14 In s s of the city in 6 . the We t the coinage of Mas ilia m was plentiful , and a ong the Gauls barbarous copies of r Ar the gold staters of Phi lip make their appea ance . tist i c a ll i m y , the coins of Asia are nco parably superior to thos e of the West ; the money of Ph a rn a ce s and Mithra of P m B dates ontus , of so e of the Syrian and actrian kings , f n a s and o a few of the Greek cities of Asia Mi or , such

M I s me . agnesia in onia , posses ing great rit For the con m of f te porary schools sculpture and extant works o art,

see the remarks at the head of Period V .

PE RI VI A . OD .

b O v. e Pr s ? e r r PLAT 49 . e m s , 8 , Z E La p acus R, H ad of iapu w a ing w ath of ‘ ’ iv . Rev. AAM l AKH NQ N. C r e s a nd s y Apollo itha o du , magi ’ r e s me C wKPAT O Y TO Y N D E E O d ANO Y . . t at na , Wt

2 53 g rs .

Lamp s acus was one of the towns whic h had its fr eedom R m M restored by the o ans after the battle of agnesia .

9 . P r m s . A7 . - Obv. e P s e r c s e fittin e ga u H ad of alla , w a ing lo g

me . R ev. P cres e e . 44 r t d h l t alladium Wt . g s . f e . 1 7 The style of this gold tetrobol is lat ; o No . of Her a c lea but it is an open question wh e ther it ma y not

to . B . C. 300 . H i t m 4 3 . s . Na . 6 belong circ See Head , p .

r m 1 0 . P . B . m s ti a Obv. C s c s er e th e e e ga us i ta y , with p nt ; whol - - i R v. Two s er e s v re . e e r c s e in y w ath p nt , twin d ound a bow a .

r of Pe r s e . . 1 9 2 rs Monog am gamu in fi ld Wt g .

r mm The cistopho i , the issue of which co enced under

r m r . B . e m the kings of Pe ga us (ci c C. b ca e after the r m m r n 1 3 R B . C 3 th e fo ation of the o an p ovi ce of Asia , . , s n r n s r s r r ta da d coi age for we te n A ia Mino . They we e P r m Ad ra m t eu m Pe r m s issued at a iu , y , ga us , Ephesu , m r r m S y na , Sardes , Thyatira , T alles , Nysa , Apa ea , and c Laodi ea .

'

B . 1 1 . A . l e Rev. O A A exandria Troas Obv. H ad of Apollo . rI

AQ NO Z I MIG EQ Z AAEEANA PEQ N AYZ AF O PO Y .

In e e 1 83 B . C . 1 18 . . Apollo with bow, walking . fi ld, dat Wt r 2 50 g s .

Dated tetradrachms of Alexandria Troas are known of the per iod betwee n 1 37 and 2 3 6 of the era of the town n B 3 0 0 w r r e r mm . C . co enci g , during hich Alexand ia p se ved re m c e e r n the f edo whi h it obtain d as early as , or a lier tha ,

90 . e III. s B . C . 1 the def at of Antiochus at Magne ia , Apollo m l m m S intheus , the s ayer of rats and ice , had a te ple near

Alexandria .

H NAz IAIAAO Z m ZR . . Rev. A 1 I . e P s e bv. 2 . liu O H ad of alla ,

< ENECDPO NO Z . e I s MENE DPO NO Z TO Y M Ath na lia , 2 50 rs . s e In fi e b ee . . s e r . holding pindl and p a ld , Wt g

The fre edom and autonomy of Ilium were c onfirme d by n m n 1 89 c me c e . h m B . C. t e Ro ans in , when its silver coi age o s The specially r eligious char acter of many of the c oin

I . 7 f r . s r o . s V type s and legends of thi pe iod ( reve es of A ,

m . 8 1 1 1 2 22 B . 5 6 7 e , , , , and , , ) is r arkable B 1 — 1 0 . 0 C . 90 . 9 1

13 s . B . . I es s r I. . 1 9 . . Tenedo T ENEA Q N. Typ imila to A Wt rs g .

e e l en r f Aft r an int rva of about a c tu y and a hal , Tene d os r in B 1 89 r e n e h r r m a n d e . C . e e e , p obably , gai d f do , b gan s s e e r m th n r c om to i u flat t t adrach s on e Attic s ta da d . A parison of th e for ms of the letter s and of the s tyle of the a r t e th e e r r with thos of a lier coins is highly inst uctive . f I. 1 . 9 G . III . 2 0 A and . A . m 1 4 . . B . b e e he the C e Cy e O v. F mal ad ( Amazon ym bound with - R ev. Y AIQ . r e rs e one e v s e . t aenia . K M N B idl d ho and handl d a ’

In e er e s r e s e KAAAIAZ . The e ure x gu , magi t at nam , whol in la l

W r e rs . ath . Wt . g

r r ms h e The flat tet ad ach of t is town b gin , as elsewhere , i r n rme 1 8 9 ts e m . in , when f edo was co fi d

I r . e 5 . B . bv e . R v. MY PINAIQ N. O . My ina H ad of Apollo Apollo ,

s r r c e r . In r s v se . The with lu t al b an h and pat a f ont , omphalo and a - e 2 57 rs . whol e in lau r el wr ath . Wt . g

Th e types of these c oins re fer to th e anc ient or acle of

Gr n ium e r r . Apollo at y , within the t r itory of My ina

’ PLA TE h r AI er es 1 6 Er t ae . . bv e s s . O . y . H ad of young H akl , in lion kin

R ev. EP . re s r c t s e r e Y Figu , in ho t hi on , holding p a and pom r es s of E es r e s gr anat e and w e aring h eadd ph ian A t mi . Magis ’ 435 rs . t r ate s nam e in fi eld . Wt . g The mos t pr obable per iod during which Ery th rae might

e w a s e B . C . 1 90 1 33 hav coined gold b tween and , when it m w a s in the enjoyment of full autono y .

1 7 . r . B e P s e r e e r c bv. He aclea . O H ad of alla , w a ing h lm t i hly s rs es a s c e r r c s o r nam ent e d with fo re part of ho , on ont mpo a y oin of - EQ TQ N. C re s e s . Rev. KA Ath n H PA lub, in oak w ath ; ymbol ,

N rs . ik e . Wt . g

I c B — . C 1 90 1 The tetradrachms of this onian ity ( . 33) were formerly attributed to Heraclea Sintica in Mace

donia , but erroneously .

s . Rev. AEB 1 b e d u s . of P EAI 8 . Le B . b e Q N. O l O v. w H ad alla , r - c e wee c r c ae . Th e e e re t . s on lub , b t n o nu opi whol in lau l w a h Magi ’ r e s e ArIO AAO AO TO Z . . rs . t at nam , Wt g

'

r e s . Rev. MA . e I NH n B bv. s . TQ N. 1 9 . Mag e ia O H ad of A t mi ’ s r ae er e r . s r e s e Apollo b e id e t ipod , on m and patt n Magi t at nam , - The e re re . EY¢ H MO Z rlAYZ ANIO Y . whol in lau l w ath Wt .

2 5 4 g rs . PERI VI A . OD .

m 20 . n . B . Obv. e of the c ess r re ed . Rev. S yr a H ad ity godd , tu t - MY PN l N re . . 2 54 rs I A Q . , in oak w ath Wt g The three coins above described are all fine specimens

B . C. 1 90 1 33 of the art of the period between and .

h O d S . A7 . 2 1 . R G f e s r bv. e o e . s O Rev. R e P O . H ad H lio , adiat o ; ve A he w e fl N AIO . T c s e s r T Z e . . abo , hol in at in u qua Wt s gr .

l s f B . C . 1 89 At the conc u ion o the peace , , after the t M s R l s i ba tle of agne ia , hodes obtained a arge acce s on of r c u m s te ritory , including Ly ia , excl sive of Tel essu , and r G s Mae In 1 6 the g eater part of aria outh of the ander . 8 the Romans put an end to the Rhodian power on the m r m ainland , and the Lycian League was fo ed , the coins of which have the same flat incuse square as the Rhodian m m coins of this period , fro which they took it . Conte po rar y with this gold money of Rhodes are the tetradrachms m I with the na e of Alexander (V . A .

2 2 B . P b . He of r e s v . Rev. AP I . erga . O ad A t mi T EM AO Z

I Z . r e s Per aea re s ce re her ”EPF A A A t mi g , with w ath and pt ; at

ee s . . 2 57 rs . f t , tag Wt g The style and r eligious character of the reverse of this 1 1 1 2 e f I . of. V . coin ( A and , abov ) are su ficient to prove that Perga preserved its freedom both against Eumenes l s e 1 89 and Antiochus , at the conc u ion of the p ace of , when the possession of Pamphylia was di sputed between m the . 1 5 —1 5 h e rn es B . C. 8 7 B . O ro . bv He 1 2 . O . LAT . P E 5 3 . Cappadocia p , ad C AZ IAEQ Z O PO DEPNO Y NIKHCDO PO Y . Rev. B of king .

N e re &c . . 2 53 rs . ik , with w ath and palm , Wt g Found with six others of the same king under the pedestal of the statue of Athena Polias on the site of h e r itron m. 0 Na C . Priene 1 87 . G. . temple at , in ( T Newton ,

N . S . xi .

— m of I. B l 2 . , 24 8 . Syria Tetradrach s Alexander ( a as) — S r 1 6 3 2 1 44 . B . C . 1 5 truck at Ty e ; date , year of - 1 49 2 2 1 r 2 5 B . C . 8 s Seleucid era . Wt . g . ( ) Antio — 42 45 1 . B . 1 R ev. D s c r . . I . s C . chu s V (Dionysu ) , io u i Wt — 1 2 1 39 . s 2 6 Tr h on Diod otu s B . C. 4 gr . ( ) y p ( ), - r r . . rs . ev. e e r e e R H lm t , with la g ib x ho n in f ont Wt g

Nica tor n B . C 2 7 m II . ( ) De etrius ( ) , second reig ,

94 RI D . PE O VI A.

- arch of Titus . The reverse type is supposed by s Ome to ’ r portray Aa on s rod that budded .

2 r ti s B — Euc a d e . C. 1 3 . B . 80 1 50 At . actria , circa . Obv.

s e e e . R ev. B AZ IAE Z Bu t of king , h lm t d Q MEF AAO Y D s c r r Y K A I . The on se E P T AO Y c r c . io u i , ho ba k , p an ing . Wt

grs .

r . H li B 1 50 33 . B e ocle s . C . . Eu cra act ia , after circa Son of B . 1 . b s of e e v. . Rev. B Z l E Z tides O Bu t king, diad m d A A Q

HAIO KAEO YZ A IKAIO Y . e s s l er Z u , tanding, ho ding thund

s ce re . rs . bolt and pt . Wt g

ith r d — P Ars a s I. M a a t B 1 4 1 3 ce e s . . 7 6 . arthia . V ( C e A Y Obv. e o f . R v. B Z IAEQ Z MErAAO ZR , H ad king ( e r e s n e-cu APZ AKO Y DIAEAAH NO Z . H akl holdi g win p and D e 1 3 of e e c e r a B 1 40 2 4 s 7 . C . . . 6 r . club . at S l u id Wt g Probably struck at some Greek city in or near B aby

lonia .

m I P il m r B 1 1 — 1 46 . E P V h o eto . C . 8 . R. 35 . Egypt . tole y ,

b e P e er e e e r a s . R ev O v. . H ad of tol my Sot , diad m d, and w a ing gi

“T O AEMAIO Y B AZ IAEQ Z . E e er . . agl , on thund bolt Wt

2 19 grs . P - h Struck at aphos , in Cyprus , in the twenty eig th year — B C 1 54 1 5 3 . of his reign . . B 1 90—1 0 . C. 0 . 95

LATE 5 ’ P 3 . 1 . O . B . e . Obv. e Her es s dessus Al xandrine H ad of akl , in lion

s . R BAZ IAEQ Z A ev. AEEA NAPO Y . e s Aeto h oros kin Z u p , s e e r of O es s s e e e the r c at d ; monog am d u , in fi ld ; b n ath , Th a ian

245 rs . name KY PZ A. Wt . g 2 i Me mb r a . . s e . r c e e e Alexandrine Simila oin ; in fi ld, a h lm t , - - h r M m . 2 62 5 r s . t e mint ma k of es e b ria . Wt g 3 m . 4 . B . 3 A7 . Obv. e of , yzantiu ( ) Stater H ad Al exand er the Z I v. A AE Z Gre r of . Re B Q AYZ IM AXO Y . at, with ho n Ammon P h o s r e B Y e e r e s Nike ros e e . O n alla p , at d th on , b n ath , t id nt . Wt .

m. 1 2 7 rs 4 B . c r es g . ( ) Tetradra h Simila typ . Wt . 2 59 grs . The se and other cities on the European shor es of the Euxin e and the Propontis continued to is s ue their muni cipa l money after the pattern of the coins of Alexander m c r r and Lysi a hus , p obably because the barba ians of the

interior preferred that currency .

5 M r n . a o e a . B . e D s s . Rev. A lO N Obv. H ad of young iony u YZ O Y

Z Q T H PO Z PO NITQ N. D s s s n r es MA iony u , tandi g, holding g ap

h r e rs . and two s talk s of t e na th x . Wt . g 6 . s . B . e of D s s . R ev. H PAKA Tha os Obv. H ad young iony u EO YZ

Z Q T H P Z AZ LQ N. er es s . . rs . O G H akl , tanding Wt g Ma rone a and Thasos probably be gan to coin these lar ge tetradrachms about th e time when th e silve r c oin age m s e s in B . C . 1 46 . e s e c a es Macedonia , A co pari on of th coins with th e contempor ary dated tetr adrachms of Alex

r I. . 1 1 e and ia Troas (V A ) shows the styl of this period .

7 . c . ZR. r r s of the s H PA Thra e Ba ba ou imitation la t , but with

H PO Z N. . rs KAEO Y Z Z Q T G PAKQ Wt g .

c r This oin was st uck by the Thracians , who , after the reduction of Mac e donia we s t of the Ne s tu s into a Roman 1 46 r B . C. p ovince , , were left to their native rulers .

r MO StiS . fR. 8 . Obv. e e e . . R ev. Th ace H ad of king, diad m d

. l Z AAAAO B AZ IAEQ Z MO Z T IAO Z Erl Y ETO YZ AH .

rs . Wt . g The portrait of this king bears a striking resemblance I B 1 49— 9 1 i ic omed e s l . . C. N comed e s III N . to those of , , and , P B ERIOD VI. .

B C 9 — 4 B n II Mo i m . . 1 7 f h f. V . . st s a , o it y ia (c A y have 0 0 C. 1 . ruled in Thrace about the year B . The date on this coin (year 3 8) cannot be referred with certainty to any

era , and is probably a regnal year .

— P A M . P C 1 7 9 1 . L TE 9 . B . . 68 ZR. a of Obv. e acedonia erseus , H d

e e I Q IAO Y . Rev. B AZ IAEQ Z H EPZ EQ Z . king ; b n ath , - E e on er the e k re . rs . agl thund bolt ; whol in oa w ath . Wt g This is a remarkable portrait of the last Greek king Z i m of Macedon . o lus , whose na e occurs frequently on ff m Macedonian coins of this period struck at di erent ints , was probably superintendent of the whole coinage of the k m ingdo .

1 — the I . B . 58 14 mi O M C. . 6 . ZR. 0 v e of Art e s acedonia H ad , in

ce re of a ce s e KEAO NQ N H PQ T HZ . . e MA nt Ma donian hi ld R v. - C The e oa k re rs . lub . whol in w ath . Wt . g The right of coining s ilver was conferred by the Roman M m senate on acedonia , at that ti e divided into four

i B . C . 1 58 . f r . reg ons , in This is a coin o the fi st region

1 1 . M . B . l r b ut AKEAO NQ N on revers e . acedonia Simi a , M only, rs Wt . g .

M LEG a tus ZR. 1 2 . . l r acedonia Simi a , but in addition , ( ) , and a - rs . hand holding an olive br anch . Wt . g

s The execution of the e two coins , which were issued 4 R m B . C. 1 6 after Macedonia wa s made a o an province , in , is mor e careful than that of the precedi ng coins of the

regions .

’

AAQ N. ev. G EZ Z of e s . R 1 3 . ZR. Obv. e . Thessaly H ad Z u ’ es es onis e . s r Th ess alian Ath ena It , in fighting attitud Magi t at nam , rs ( K Erl lKPA. . 9 67 . DIAO , Wt g l m m The Thessa ian Confederacy , for ed under Ro an

f a B . C. 1 9 6 auspices after the battle o Cynoscephal e , in ,

146 . B . C lasted till .

f P l s s r on e me . s ZR. b e o nia n es . v. 1 4 . ZE O H ad a la , ta h l t Magi ’ IANQ N. er me XEMEN Rev. AIN , t r at e s na , E Sling

37 rs . e him s e rs . . fighting in retreat ; b hind , two p a Wt g

e P l s e e r e rs es ZR . Obv. n s . 1 5 . E nia e H ad of al a , h lm t ado n d with ho

R AINIANQ N. er ms ev. a s on Ath enian t etr adr ach . Sling and ’ In e m. . r e s e G EPZ IH HO Z . , s pe ars . Magi s t at nam , fi ld pal Wt s 1 1 3 gr . These coins were probably struck after the separation

ZEtolia n B . C. 1 68 . of the ZEnia nes from the League , in

R I B . PE IOD V .

2 3 . . ZR. bv e d of P ll s e r s l O . cre e e me Athens H a a a , w a ing t d h t,

r e r f re r s of rs es . Rev A E ado n d with g if in and fo pa t ho . G — — APAIXO Z MEN N O l r ANT lO XO Z K A w on ampho a . In e r e e on r | m er of r fi ld, ight , l phant ; ampho a , (nu b p ytany) ; -m h - b e e r . T e le ve re . n ath , (mint a k) who in oli w ath . Wt

grs . The fir st magistrate on this coin was afterwards Anti In ch u s I . . B . C 1 7 6 o V of Syria the year . he was in m . l l l l him Athens The sy bo , an e ephant , c ear y refers to , m and not to the second agistrate .

— — 24 . . l r es . KO INTO Z K Athens Simi a typ AEAZ AIO NYZ IIO Z ] .

N e cr s e e re . O n r 3rd Symbol , ik , owning at d figu ampho a, r ( - I r . 24 e A . r r e 7 s . p ytany) ; b n ath , (mint ma k) Wt g The first magistrate on this coin is supposed by some Caeciliu s M l a to be Quintus etel us , proconsul in Macedoni B 1 46 . C. .

— h . ZR. 2 a 5 . 3 rs 2 5 2 7 . Ac ean League ( ) Elis Wt . 66 g . m 2 6 . 2 7 a . 3 rs . . ( ) Messene Wt . 7 g ( ) Laced e on Wt rs 38 1 g . As none of these towns wer e members of the league

1 9 2 a re . r B C. befo e . , these coins all subsequent to that date 2 — B . 3 2 5 . r s e e . For ea ly coins of the league , V

fR . 2 . . b e f s r a a em A 8 . O v. o l PL TE Crete Cnossus H ad Mino , with oy di d

KN Z lQ N. re l r . . rs . Rev. Q Squa aby inth Wt g

R . M s r e . . J Z f . A 2 9 Obv. He o HO XO . Cnossus ad Apollo agi t at ,

KNQ Z IQ N. C rc r l r . . 2 27 rs . Rev. i ula aby inth Wt g

fR. s a n e e r r c ms 0 . Obv. e of P l s o . 3 . Cnossus H ad a la , Ath nian t t ad a h

KNQ Z IQ N. O wl r . In e l r . Th e Rev. on ampho a fi ld, aby inth - e rs . whole in olive wr ath . Wt . g f mm l Certain Cretan cities , or co ercia reasons , adopted for their coinage Athenian types during the second c e n m B . C . tury , at the ti e when the Athenians supplied the r m currency fo the great central arket at Delos , which had

the monopoly of the whole of the trade with the East . B a . . M nos d ia d med . 3 1 of i e Rev. 2 ort n Obv. e 3 1 3 . G , y ( ) H ad , h e s er N. P s k e h or os s er e F O PT Y NIQ alla Ni p , tanding ; at f t, - r h e ve re . . s e G IB O Z . T e p ent . Magi t at , whol in oli w ath Wt

ro PTY NIQ N. C of c e . In el grs . (32) oin Atti typ fi d,

249 rs . b utting bull . Wt . g

3 H ie ra tn a . ZR . Obv. e of c rre e . Rev. IEPA 3 . py H ad ity, tu t d ' - P m re e of h c e le . N mes of l l YT NIQ N. al t , at foot w i h ag a

l s . 230 rs . s evera magi trates . Wt g — B . C. 1 90 1 0 0 . 9 9

34 Pri n u . a s s . jR. s N C of c e ev. l oin Atti typ . R ”P A Z l - P AZ K e ee. rs . H Y F I A : r . Symbol in fi ld , palm t Wt g

All the above Cretan coins appear to belong to the earlier portion of the period to which they are here assigned .

5 P 3 . . s . D s s R ev. Obv. e of h iv . aros H ad iony u , bound wit y

fl Ap lfl N. De e er s e e on s e e rs of c r m t , at d ba k t , holding a o n and

I . 24 s ce r AHM . 0 r e . n el APIZ TO s . pt fi d, Wt g

P . f De 3 6 . ZR. e o e r I Obv. e ve e . Rev. FIAPI. v aros H ad m t , il d y

s s s . . 1 1 6 rs wreath with blo om Wt g . O

m . 35 I. B 6 1 9 A co parison of No with V . and shows it m B C. 3 6 m to be of the second century . No . ight be so e r r l P f m t m what ea lie , whi e aros or ed par of the do inions of P l m the to e ies . PERI VI. OD 0 .

AI. l sh . e of . LA : 1 Obv. l . Rev h P T . Gau i H ad Apol o C ar

ioteer . . 132 rs . , in biga Wt g A barbar ous but intellige nt imitation of a gold s tater III B 1 . 7 of Philip of Macedon . Cf . .

ZR. f r s 2 M l . Obv. e o e s her l er . assi ia H ad A t mi ; at hou d , bow and

ver r m r . R ev. M Z Z . . In e e r e qui ; in f ont , onog am A A Lion x gu , ’ 42 rs magis t rate s nam e . Wt . g .

m . B . bv e of R m e r e e e b e 3 . Ro e O . H ad o a , w a ing wing d h lm t ; hind, D ev. RO M . b e e l s er . 1 s ses . R X ( 0 a ) A iana, in iga ; b n ath , ob t

6 0 rs . Wt . g

B . m . r Th Dios cu n h 4 b . Rev. RO M . e ri b e ea t . O v. Ro e Simila A ; ,

O IL ius . . 6 1 rs . L . C ( ) Wt g

e r r e r B . Thes two coins we e p obably struck b fore ci ca C. lius m 1 3 . Coe 7 . A certain L is entioned by Livy as living

C. 1 7 9 . in B .

ZR. r . Rev. RO M . c r m . l 5 R Obv. a . o e Simi a A Vi to y, in big ;

Wt . 583 rs . e e S AF RA nius . b n ath , ( ) g

. C N m ZR s. O M L m . me e R r m 6 . Ro e Sa typ A and TA A in onog a .

57 8 rs . Wt . g

R m r e . . me B . Obv. e of b C . AN Ro . 7 . H ad o a ; in f ont, X ; hind , D sc r e e M . . . 64 rs Rev. RO . T EST I(us) . A io u i ; b n ath , dog Wt g

An tis tius This ma y be C . Labeo, who was sent into 1 B C. 67 Macedon with other senators in .

R e . f R . ev RO M . B . bv. e o m . O 8 . Ro e H ad oma ; b hind, X A Juno s e e u rotina r O RENl s . . Ca p , in biga d awn by goat ; b n ath, ( ) Wt s 60 8 gr .

R . r R ev. O M D At . Obv. . r 9 . Rome . Simila A iana, in biga d awn

e cres ce . . 63 6 rs . by stags ; b en ath , nt Wt g

r C O . Re . R . e e M . fR bv. v O m . O 1 0 . Ro e Sam h ad ; in f ont , TA A es r Ce rs e e M H ercul , in biga, d awn by ntau ; b n ath , ' 57 4 rs . Wt . g A Marcus Aur elius Cotta is mentioned as a lieutenant - 1 9 s 8 . e r As ia tiou s B . C . 1 90 of S cipio , Thi coin is , howev , e u certainly late r in dat , and was perhaps str ck by his — r c B . C . 1 50 1 2 5 . son or g andson , cir a

PERI I OD V . C .

m . B . 1 8 . Obv. He d of R ma r b e Ro e a o ; in f ont , X ; hind, ear of

c r . Rev. RO M . c r a e e c o n A Vi to y, in big ; b n ath , a man ont ending

a l . e er C N DO M itius . 6 1 with ion Mon y , ( ) Wt . 5 grs .

P On . m Ah en ob a rb us l robably struck by Do itius , consu B C 1 22 in . . .

m . R . B 1 9 . Obv. Hea of R ma e and b ll u o e d o ; b hind, X , a oting rn.

O . L er s r M . e Rev. R er A ib ta , in quad iga Mon y ,

6 02 rs . Wt . g

. i l B 9 . C 6 Struck by C Cassius Long nus , consu in . , the u son of L . Cassi s Longinus , the author of the Lex Cassia ,

ll B . C. 1 3 7 for voting by ba ot, .

2 m . ZR. bv He of m 0 . O . R b e . Rev. R Ro e ad o a ; hind, X O MA . ’

em l e re e e e e s e . . 59 rs . F a figu , in biga ; b n ath , l phant h ad Wt g ’ l h m suffi The e ephant s ead was , doubtless , at the ti e , a cient indication of the moneyer by whom these denarii were issued .

m JR. f 2 1 . bv. Hea o R m . O a r . Rev. RO M . Ro e d o ; in f ont, X A

er a r . e er MET E llus . . 60 9 rs . Jupit , in qu d iga Mon y , Q ( ) Wt g

ma Caecilius This coin y have been struck by Q .

M l l B . C. 9 9 . ete lus Nepos , who was consu

B . He of e C LE| us m . bv. EG NA V 22 . R ll T o e O ad Apo o ; b hind , ( )

O M . c r s cr s e e on r . Rev. R C F . A Vi to y, in ibing hi ld fix d t ophy

f e on e c s e i r s . . 2 85 rs . Mark o valu a h id , Q (qu na iu ) Wt g The issue of the q uinarius bearing the type of the old

h B . C. 1 04 . victoriatus was ordered by t e Lex Clodia, circa

l . 24 . Cf. a so No

. M . e of R ma b e rea . m . ZR Obv. RO h h 2 3 . Ro e A H ad o ; ind , w t

Vict 0 1 a . e er mb ea r R ev. y , in big Mon y , Sy ol ,

6 1 rs . of c orn . Wt . g

er . L I m . ZR. Hea of J Rev. T C O VL us bv. . . 24 . Ro e O d upit ( )

c r cr r of c ca ve . In e er e Vi to y, owning t ophy, at foot whi h pti x gu , ’

m e er s m r . . 2 65 rs F . for a r us . O n Obv. Q , quin i , on y a k Wt g Thi s moneyer be longed to the ancient patrician family ilii of the Clu .

. l A m e x Rev. RO M . m ZR. bv. Hea of R R . O 2 5 . o e d o a ; b hind,

s c l r in a r . e er Hercul e , with ub and t ophy, q u d iga Mon y ,

543 rs . M AC ILlVS M F . Wt . g — . me h . 1 5 2 5 ll a t Ro T e above coins , Nos , were a struck

1 2 5 1 00 . between about B . C . and — D. C . 1 90 1 00 . 1 0 3

I 2 6 . . B . Obv. He of R e . Rev. RO M . taly ad oma ; b hind , X A

er r . e er 6 1 rs . C ARB o . . 3 Jupit , in quad iga Mon y , ( ) Wt g f m The fabric of this coin is not that o the Roman int . It was probably struck at some other town between about

B . C . 1 5 0 1 2 5 . n and , by the father of C Carbo and O . Carbo , s 2 B C. 1 1 1 consuls re pectively in . 0 and 3 . 2 I 7 . . B . bv. RO M . e of R r O . Rev. c taly A H ad oma Vi to y, e s M C ALID ius lu . er MET EL s in biga Mon y , ( ) , Q ( ) , and

6 2 2 rs . O N FO LV(ius) . Wt . g P R m f . B C. Not of o an abric robably struck between . 1 1 24 and 0 3 .

I . 2 8 B . . M . e of R n Obv. RO The s u . Rev. taly A H ad oma , in - r . In e . Cres ce s rs e er quad iga fi ld, X nt moon and two ta . Mon y , F S ER enus . MANLl us P . 2 6 rs . A ( ) Q ( ) Wt . g m Not of Ro an fabric .

’ P 59 . 2 r . . B . LAT 9 . Obv. e of er l es s E Af ica Libya H ad young H ak , in lion

s Rev. I N. ve c Pu c e er A BYQ mem. kin . Lion ; abo whi h , ni l tt

. 1 1 r Wt 7 g s .

M a This coin was probably struck by the ac e , a Libyan

B . C. people , during the second century

30 . . . B . bv m l h e e . Hispania Carthago Nova O . Young a ad - m ree . 10 9 rs . rs e l . Rev. Ho and pa t Wt g

i . . ZR. 31 32 . h of K Obv. ea , H spania Cart ago Nova H d ing - b e e r re re . Rev Ele . ound with diad m , twin d ound lau l w ath . phant

In e er e e er a le h. . 1 08 rs . 5 2 rs . x gu , l tt p Wt g and g These coins have be en recently attributed to the r id l s e B a c e ru er of Spain . They prop rly belong therefore

B C. 2 34 2 1 0 . e to the period between . and Th y were i i s m formerly assigned to M c p a and Jug urth a of Nu idia .

33 . . . b e of Perse h e . Rev. rse a ve Carthage EL O v. H ad p on Ho ; bo

c E s mb l a s c fl e two s er e s . . whi h , gyptian y o , di ank d by p nt Wt 2 rs 1 6 g . Thi s symbol would lead us to suppose that the worship

of B aal was assimilated to that of the Osiris cycle .

EL. s . 1 1 3 rs . 34 . . . m r Rev. r e . Carthage Obv Si ila . Ho Wt g

Pe s s P c inscri B . r . Rev. 35 . . . Carthage Obv Simila ga u , and uni p

rs . ec r c . tion NYWND (Byrs a Wt . g (d ad a hm)

40 . This coin is decidedly later in style than V . C . 1 04 E IO D 1 . P R v . 0

3 6 . . B . h Obv. m l r . e h h R v. H rse a e Cart age Si i a o ; bov w i c , the s un a s s ar of e h ra s . 2 2 5 rs a t ig t y Wt . 7 g .

37 . t . B . m r s Obv. H r e k k l . . l Rev b c . . Car hage Si i a o , oo ing a Wt rs g .

8 . 3 B . h . Ob . He of Pers e h h v e . Pra c rs e Cart age ad p on Rev. n ing o ;

ve s un i h ei r s . . rs . abo , w t ght ay Wt g

3 9 B . . . m r . Obv. l . Rev H rs e s b e re Carthage Si i a o , tanding fo - m ree rs . pal t . Wt . g

f . 33 37 h These coins o Carthage , Nos , belong to t e r 2 1 i s P s B . C 4 nte val between the first and econd unic War . 2 1 8 38 3 9 , and Nos . , to the last period of her history , from the time when Hannibal was compelle d to fly t o I 1 5 n h e I I B . C . 9 t Antiochus . , , dow to conquest and

46 . f h m B C. 1 destruction o the city by t e Ro ans , in .

1 0 PERI v11 6 OD .

m B — . C. 90 89 of m against Ro e , , gave rise to the issue oney l Corfinium m at their capita , the na e of which they changed n m I . I R to talia Spain , the o ans , after having for the greater part of a ce ntury per mitte d the various tribes of the Cit e rior Province to strike coins with native Ibe rian 1 33 s l B . C. s s n egends , put an end in to the e i sue , but duri g

B C . e the revolt of Sertorius . there app ars to have been a temporary renewal of bronze money with bilingual In B (Iberian and Latin) inscriptions . Gaul and ritain gold money was plentifully coined until each of these countries was in turn subdued by Rome . The only other non-Roman coins were those of the fr m m M A ican kingdo s , Nu idia and auretania . R m R m l The coinage at o e itself, and of o an genera s m l m during their various ca paigns , cal s for few re arks ; its chief value is historical and chronological . In point of style the coins of the whole of this century m l m exhibit a arked dec ine . Those struck in Asia aintain r m m their supe iority, and are not without so e artistic erit , l Mith ra d a te s especia ly in portraiture ; those of the Great , l f M m of C eopatra , and o arcus Antonius , being a ong the most remarkable . — B . C. 1 00 1 1 0 7

VII. A.

— PLATES 60 63.

1 Mi hra pra m . P . t d a tes Eu a tor Dion so. ontus (the Great) p ( y 1 2 1— B 63 . A7 kin . C. . e of . Rev. B AZ IAEQ Z sus Obv. H ad g

Ml PAAATO Y EY FIAT PO Z . e e . In r s un O Stag , f ding f ont, - 31 s resc e m . Th e i re 1 r . and c nt oon whol e in vy w ath . Wt . g Thi s beautiful gold stater bears the mint-mark of the P m wi all city of erga us , which , th Asia Minor as far as i h ra B 8 a M t d ate s . C. 8 . the M eander , fell into the hands of in He remained master of the former res idence of the Roman m - governor for ore than two years . The ivy wreath adopted from the cistophori ma y allude to the title of ” th e n e w Dionysus , by which the cities of Asia hailed Mithra d a te s as their deliverer from the tyranny of the

Roman rule .

Mithra Eu 2 P . d a s at or ZR. r to rece te . l . ontus p Simi a p ding, - = 5 2 r e r 2 22 5 . . 2 9 s . but b a ing dat e of the Bithynian era B . C. 7 Wt g

The head on the coins of Mithra d ate s is supposed by Visconti to be copied fr om a silver statue mentione d by

P 1. 33 . m m liny ( , xii The ove ent of the hair , blown m l back by the wind , see s to indicate that the origina ma y have been either an eq uestrian statue or that of a

charioteer .

3 B ni Nicome d - . . es 91 7 4 . ZR. b He f ithy a O v. ad o

. Rev. B AZ I Z N I O AEQ Enl¢ A O YZ N K MHAO Y . e s king Z u ,

re s c e re . In e e e on er l holding w ath and pt fi ld, agl thund bo t, and e 2 14 of the era me c c ce B . . 2 . dat Bithynian , whi h om n d in C 97

rs . Wt . g hi h B C. 84. T s coin was t erefore struck in .

4 i ' . . B . C s tO h hor ll s . m stica Obv. C s s er e Ep esus p i ta y and p nt , - iv re . Rev. s er e s in y w ath Two p nt , on e er s e of r ve h ll I l c . n e rc ith id t ipod ; abo w i h , Apo o fi d , to h , and C P IAZ K E DE. E M AIYZ T P and O Z year 7 7 of the p rovince — of s B . C. 58 57 . . 192 r A ia Wt g s . The name of the Roman proconsul of Asia begins to a — o B .C. 6 1 58 ppear in Latin on the cistophori ab ut , when

. ll l ffic Am i Q Tu ius Cicero he d that o e ; T . p us B alb us ’ . mm e su was Q Cicero s i ediat ccessor. 5 P m . . B . . m l r b ut b e ee s er e s erga us Cistophorus Si i a ; tw n p nt , e r l . MET ELLVS F I S SO IPIO IMPER a l giona y aqui a Q V , m r m m of Per s . 1 87 rs . and onog a ga u Wt . g

In B . C . 48 l Ph l , the year of the batt e of arsa us , the i l r province of Asia was w thout a regu ar governo , but

. Caecilius m Q Metellus ruled it as i perator . The names of the Gre ek municipal magistrates finally disappear from hi s l the coinage under ru e .

6 i b ra . . C B . He e e m e e . e bv. l l O R v. KIBY PA y m t d a h ad TQ N. ’ rme rs em c c e s e r ll . s r e s A d ho an, with ou h d p a , ga oping Magi t at me 1 b ee. . 88 rs . na , and Wt g Cib y r a was the chief of a confederacy of four cities e l gov rned by a tyrant . The ast of these tyrants , Moa

e te s M B . C . 84 Cib ra g , was put down by urena , in , and y

was then attached to Phrygia . The weight of this coin m l is that of the cistophorus , and it see s probab e that it

B C. 84 . was struck previous to .

— 7 . Am n a B . 3 6 25 . . &c . t s C. B bv. e of Galatia , y , O H ad

s N e s ce re . P . AZ I Q Z AMY N O Y . R ev. B AE T h l alla ik , o ding pt

Wt . grs . Amy n ta s was one of the tributary Asiatic kings set up m th e by M . Antonius . His oney follows standard (Attic) s P m h c and type of that of Side in a p ylia , and was stru k 1 fir m t h B C. 3 c ere probably after . , when Augustus on ed i m h m P l &c . in his possession of a phy ia, The gold coins

of this kin g are modern forgeries .

- II E i h n 1 1 I. a s 8 1 2 . 8 e PLATE Syria . ( ) and ( ) Antiochus V p p - Gr us B . C. 1 2 1 9 6 . Rev P s s N e . ( y p ) , . alla , tanding, holding ik s Nik e horos 9 An 243 rs . e s e e . . 245 rs . Wt . g Z u p at d Wt g ( ) Philo a t r B 1 1 — 5 tiochu s IX. o . C . 6 9 . R ev. P s p , alla - I i h an 2 rs 1 0 l . E e s s . 54 8 . V tanding . Wt g ( ) Se eucus p p — 95 Nica tor B . C . 9 6 . R r r 1 2 ev . . s . , . Simila Wt g ( ) n P B 2— 3 P E i h a e s l . C. 9 8 . hilippus hi adelphus, R ev. ' p p

Wt . rs . Zeus s eated . g

- B 8 69 . B . . . C. 3 1 m Obv. 3 . Ar enia and Syria Tigranes ,

ANO Y . s e r r . Rev. B AZ IAEQ Z T IF P Bu t of king, w a ing tia a of c s e e on r c the r ver O r es re res e e City Antio h , at d o k ; i ont p nt d

rs . s wimming at her fe et . Wt . g Tigrane s was deprived of his Syrian dominions by

L B . C. 69 . ucullus , in

PERI VII A . OD .

— P 22 25 . . 2 h 2 Arsac es . Phraates B art ia ( ) X ( . C. 6 9 to

6 0 . Obv. e c . Rev. K . . 6 2 rs circa H ad fa ing ing with bow Wt g . X - 23 Ar a es II. O rod s c es B . C . 55 37 . Ob e ( ) ( v. H ad K of k . Rev. h . 24 . 6 1 rs ing ing wit bow Wt g . ( ) Tiri I — I B . 33 2 C 3 . . Obv. He of K . Rev. s e e dates ad king ing at d , 2 h N e . . 231 rs . 5 Phraa t a ces I s i olding ik Wt g ( ) . and Mu a h s m B — A D 4 er . C. 2 . . . Obv. ea of Phra ata ces I. He oth , H d Rev. ad of s 5 9 rs Mu a . Wt . g .

M I l l m Phra Thea usa was an ta ian s ave , who ates IV . h m ad arried .

2 m — 6 . P . IX l . l B . C. 1 14 Egypt to e y (A exander 88 . 2 15 rs Wt . g .

2 m - 7 . . P l XI. l u B . C . 81 52 . Egypt to e y (A etes), Wt . rs g . m d f Co pare the head on this coin , a ebased portrait o P l m f to e y Soter, with the genuine portrait o Auletes , on h 1 8 t e coin of Ascalon , No . .

I PLAT 63 E . 2 8 . L . M l Tor ua tus a f ll Af. an ius q , proq u estor o Su a . Obv. L MANLI PRO . ea of R . Rev Q H d oma . L SVLLA IMP. ll r m l c ar cr ' e c 1 6 2 rs . Su a in t iu pha , own d by Vi tory . Wt . 7 g h f m f h T is coin appears , ro its abric , to ave been struck

B . C. 81 . in Asia , circa B 2 9 . M . . A7 . Obv. e o Junius rutus B RVTVS IMP. H ad f r s the h l e l re - re S . Rev. B utu , w o in au l w ath C A C A LO NGVS . r b e ee r f s o t 1 23 rs . T ophy tw n p ow wo s hips . Wt . g

Servilius f a Casca, one o the assassins of C esar, was a B — l i M B 4 42 . i . C . 3 ieutenant of rutus n Asia nor, circa

i n . 30 Lab e us B . . . bv. V L H IC S MP . Q O Q . AB | ENVS PART I

e of Lab enus . Rev. Cav lr h rs e s le r e . . H ad i a y o , add d and b idl d Wt

5 8 grs .

’ h La b ienus a l ll him T is , the son of C esar s genera , a ied l B 40 m s e f P . C . l with the arthians , , and ed the against his

m . Pa rthicus country en into Syria He adopted the title ,

and struck money on the occasion of this expedition .

3 1 . . . . I IMP . C O S M Antonius B Obv. M ANTO N VS

R . e of s b h DES IG . IT ER . ET T E T H ad Antoniu , ound wit

- M. n . A to Rev. III. VIR R P C ivy ; t he whol e in ivy wreath . ’ ’ mu i m era c sul de i na tus iterum et ter tio tr iumvir r ei ub s p tor on s g , p ce ituend ce e of O c v e of s c s lic cons t . H ad ta ia wif Antoniu , and i ta,

1 90 rs . b etween pai r of s erpe nts . Wt . g This and the three following coins were struck in the — B . C. 1 00 1 . 1 1 1

f f province o Asia , on the standard o the cistophori , the 3 1 types of which are still retained on No . , and as an

3 2 . adjunct symbol on No .

32 . O cta via nus . B . Obv.

VI. LIB ER A I e of O ct avianus T T S H ad , lau

re e . Rev. PAX. Pe c e c ce s and r on at a , holding adu u , t ampling rc of w a r e her c s ser e the e re l to h ; b hind , i ta and p nt ; whol in lau

re . 1 7 9 rs . w ath . Wt g

B . C . 28 ctavianus h Struck in , the year before O took t e title of Augustus .

33 . u . ZR . b S e of s s . E R. Aug stus O v. IMP C A A H ad Augu tu

e . 1 88 rs . R v AVGVSTVS . Sphinx . Wt . g The figure of a Sphinx was used as a Signet by Au gustus during the early part of his reign .

34 . B . of . IMP IX R PO . e Augustus Obv. T V H ad A e s e em e on r e e E. s s . Rev. C O M AS I l Augu tu H xa ty t pl , f i z

of c RO M ET AVGVST . . 1 84 rs . whi h , Wt g

m R m u s P m This is the te ple of o a and Aug tus at erga us , P mm as the capital of the rovince of Asia (Co une Asi ) . B C 1 9 The date of the coin is . . .

. B . 35 . bv. O A . He f ev. Augustus VGVSTVS ad o Augus tus . R

RMENI REC EP . rme r b ow c s e A A TA A nian tia a ; in a , and

e . 58 rs . quiv r. Wt g Struck to commemorate the resumption of Armenia m under the protection of Augustus , after the urder of

own B C. 1 . Arta xia s . 9 by his subjects , circa '

I D n B . PER O v .

VII. B .

PLATES 64—6 6 .

PLAT 64 E ° 1 . . . B . C. 42 . A7 . K Thrace Coson Obv. O Z Q N. Brutus ' C s B . . C e e e c rs . In e r ( on ul , b tw n two li to fi ld , monog am of

r s R ev. E . e l e re . . 1 3 rs r s ce 0 . B utu agl , ho ding w ath and pt Wt g

l P l B . C. 42 B Short y before the battle of hi ippi , , rutus r g anted to Coson , prince of Thrace , the right of coining It gold . is worthy of note that the standard in use in l f f l Thrace is stil that o the coins o Phil ip and A exander .

. ZR B r m Thrace . arbarous Copies of tet adrach s of 2 5 m wt . 0 r s 2 50 Alexander ( g s . ) and Ly i achus (wt . m -m m bearing int arks of Ode ssus and B yzantiu . m c m r N . 4 2 2 n r o , Lysi a hus (wt . 4 has the cou te a k , C L C ES l A , which shows the coin to have been stil m in circulation in the ti e of the emperor Claudius .

Ma ron e a . 5 6 . l 6 m I B . 5 , and Thasos Si i ar to V . and , but

more barbarous . That Ma ron ea and Thasos con tinued to coin silver during the earlier half of the first century is proved by the fact that one of the r B ruttius Thasian pieces bea s the signature of Sura , Sentiu s a turninu s who was legate of S , proconsul of

M B . C. 88 . Wts rs . 2 6 21 rs . acedonia , . g and g — fR . PLAT 5 1 0 . . N, e e 6 . 7 M b MAKEAO NQ of E acedonia O v. H ad Al x ’ m s er th e Gre fl r r e G) . and at , with owing hai and A mon ho n ; b hind , v f ’ 8 9 AES ILLAS aes r of 1 0 Re . o 7 , , and , Q(u to ) , and ,

S VRA LEG atu s PRO u ae s t ore . C r s b e V ( ) Q ( ) lub, downwa d , - twe en mone y ch es t (fis cus) and s ub s ellium ; the whol e within an - 8 . 7 . 2 54 ve re w . oli w ath . Nos (wt ( t and m 1 0 . 9 m wt . 248 r ( g s . ) are tetradrach s ; No , a drach

(wt . 88 B . C. As the date of Sura , , is known , it is probable that this iss ue of silver coins from the mint at Thes s a lonica was intended by the Romans to super s ede that of m e the Athenian tetradrach s , when Athens des rted the side I a a te I . B of the Romans for that of Mith r d s (see V .

hium . 1 1 1 2 I ll rh a c . ZR . . D r , llyria . Apo onia . y Apollonia APIZ T H N m s r e Obv. Cow s c c ve , u kling alf ; abo , , agi t at ; ’ s s cres ce s r c ce s . Rev. ArIO /\ ymbol , nt with ta , and adu u

e l r l er . . 52 r s . APIZ TQ NO Z . St l ate or flo a patt n Wt g

1 2 D rrha chium e es . s r es ( ) y . AY P. Sam typ Magi t at ,

s on v. ea r of c r APIZ TQ N and AAMH NO Z . Symbol ob o n and

c of r es 54 rs . bun h g ap . Wt . g

1 1 4 PERI n B OD v . .

’ I N lz Im r LJO us e ator . em l e b ve h ch NEF fi p ) T p ; a o w i , T (Neptuno) . 1 26 r s Wt . g . h w a s B - . C 42 T is coin struck . 41 by Cnaeus Domitius Ah e nob a rb us Im e , B C. 42 who was saluted p rator in . , in consequence of his great naval victory over Domi tius Ca lvm us off B rund u ium s . 2 1 m . . ZR . . Obv. M A Ro an Denarius NT . IMP AVG Ill VIR R P C M BA RBAT P Ma rcus Ant nius Im era t r ' Q ( o p o Au ur Triumvzr R ei ublicae cons tituend a r g f ae. M cus B a r ba tius Q uaes tor

e of . S s . Rev. C E H ad M Antoniu A A R IMP. ' PO N III VIR R P C Cae s a r Im er a t r P on z r T : ( p o t fex Triumvi z ub t R e lzcw cons ti ue nd ae . e of O ct a vianus 5 s p ) H ad . Wt . 9 gr .

B . C. 41 M B a r a iu l This coin was struck in , by . b t s Phi ip l a M pus , provincia qu estor of . Antonius .

m Af . 2 2 . R . s . Obv o an Aureu . Same h ead and ins cription as 2 M N . 1 NER PR Ma r o , but with VA O O P . ( cus Nerva Pro '

r r zncia lis . Re q uaes to P ov ) v. L ANTO NIVS C O S H ead of

s s . 1 2 5 rs . Lu c iu Antoniu . Wt g

M . Coc ce ius Nerva , who struck this coin , was pro

a f M . O ctavia nus q u estor o Antonius during his war with ,

B . C . 41 .

2 m . A7 . . 3 . Ro an Aureus

e of . s e l s . Rev. C N DO H ad M Antoniu ; b hind , ituu MIT . I Pr w ve 2 H A BVS MP. c s r . . 1 5 rs A ENO B R . o ; abo whi h , ta Wt g

Ah e nob a rb us f m l Struck by , a ter he beca e reconci ed to 0 B C. 4 . Antonius , in .

2 m . A7 . . 4 . R bv I o an Aureus O . ANT O N AVG IMP . I I

e f . s . Rev. III III . R . C . o C O S . DES . V P H ad M Antoniu

M ANT O NIVS M F F M Ant nius Ma rci lius lius . ( o , fi , fi ) f 1 24 rs . e o s . Wt . g H ad young Antoniu '

M . Im era tor ter tzo The titles of Antonius on this coin ( p , Consul d es igna tus ter tio) prove it to have been struck in

M . hi 4 . B . C. 3 His son , Antonius the younger , was at t s time a mere boy .

Af . r . 25 R m . . o an Au eus

HO RT IVM PRAETO RIARVM. b e Rev. C Gall ey . Aquila

‘ 1 2 5 rs . twee n two l e gionar y s tandards . Wt . g

This coin , with the other legionary pieces of Antonius ,

3 9 3 1 . B . C w a s struck be tween . and

. E R. He of s s . b . S A7 . v C 2 m . O 6 . Ro an Aureus A A ad Augu tu

3 rs . e A VSTVS . . . 1 2 R v. VG Bull Wt g 2 This coin ma y have been struck in B o. 7 . Some of the coins here assigned to Greece ma y have been struck in Asia . — B . C . 1 00 1 . 1 1 5

V II. C .

PLATES 6 — 7 7 0 .

Pr am 6 7 1 His a m a . . . l . JR. b e r e h e e p Ce tiberian O v. B a d d ad ; b hind, KN Ce er c r c L Cel er e rs . K S T HN Rev. , in ltib ian ha a t , in tib ian

c r c ers . rs e l rs 57 5 . ha a t Ho man , ga loping . Wt . g The inscription of this coin is to be read . reverse KEGJLS DJT HWN Ce ls ita n i m the na e of the tribe , not that of the chief city Osca whe re the coin was actually

struck . 2 a l Ma . JR e of r em s her s er G lia ssilia Obv. H ad A t i ; at hould ,

ve . Rev AZ Z A N. . In e bow and qui r . M AIHTQ Lion fi ld, m m r . . 42 5 rs onog a Wt g . Massilia lost the right of coinm g her own money when i r B 49 ae . C. . the c ty sur endered to C sar , in

s . . BVD os . bv. e r l Rev. A Gauli h EL O B a d ess mal e h ead . ( ) G 110 rs e ve c fl e a e e e ree a ping ho ; abo whi h , ying gl ; and b n ath , th W c rc es . t 1 rs i l . 05 g .

c B ituri e s f This oin is attributed to the g , south o the r Ab ud os m Loi e is the na e of a chief. 4 . s . A7 . L r e e r e er r i Obv. e . Rev. C v Gauli h au at h ad ha iot , d i ng a - e e rs e e e c r s r e re human h ad d ho ; b n ath whi h , a p o t at figu , holding

cer ec . . 103 rs an un tain obj t Wt g . Auleroi Di li u la in s Attributed to the a b nte s (J b ) .

5 . B r s A7 . . l Obv. e r es s re e s iti h or Gaulish B a dl , au at bu t, with

r e c ce . Rev. rs e ve c c r . r s p oj ting fa Ho ; abo whi h , Vi to y Va iou

r e s s c e rs . o nam nt attere d about the fi ld . Wt . g Coins of this clas s a re found on the south-eastern coast n n r of E gla d and on the opposite coasts of F ance . 3—5 m ae Nos . are ante rior to the ti e of C sar ; they are

all reminiscences of the gold staters of Philip of Macedon . I I V . . . Cf. C

B ri iSh A7 ev. 6 . s t mmius l c e . R Obv. T INC o ( ) , in an ob ong in u

2 rs . C 1 1 F s . r e rs e ve s r . . 8 (omm ) (iliu ) A m d ho man ; abo , ta Wt g

A7 . u s r . mm . B . b . RI ca . e . Rev C O F 7 . itish O v VE ( ) L af ( ) (iliu )

82 rs . A rm e d horseman . Wt . g

Tin commius mm and Verica , sons of Co ins , king of the e m l m Atrebat s , were probably conte porary ru ers in Ha p

s hire and Sussex .

AI. m r e rm re 8 B . b r c r e O v. C . ritish u ifo o nam nt , fo d of w ath , with

Re . I VAN. rs e s t h c e re . v T AS C O c res cents and ring in e nt Ho , I 2 PERI II . OD V . C

ll ab ve h ch a r a nd elle s b e ea h a her ga oping ; o w i , ing p t ; n t , not ring

r e . . 85 r o nam nt Wt g s .

m Ta s ciova nu s m e s The na e of is not ention d in hi tory . On numis matic evidence he ma y be supposed to h ave

. 30 A . D. 5 . reigned from about B C. to AI 9 B . . b um a v. C AMV lod un . E r o c r . . ritish O ( ) f o n Rev.

VNO b elinus . rs e r c . . 82 5 rs . C ( ) Ho , p an ing Wt g

Cun ob elinus o f Ta s ciova nu s h , the son , reigned over t e m m e s Trinobantes , with , Ca ulodunu (Colch ter) for his m B 5 A . D 43 . l m . C. . capital , fro to circa He is the Cy be ine

of Shakespeare . PLATE 1 0 m . . 13 . f r s ck s er bv. e o h le h l Rev. O . Ro e H ad Satu n , wit i at ou d

Two aes rs s e e . In e e rs of c r . e ers PIS O qu to , at d fi ld , a o n Mon y , C AEPIO Q(uaes t ores) AD F RV(mentum) EMV(nd um) EX

S e s . 6 1 2 rs ( natu ) C (ons ulto) . Wt g ' The head of Saturn alludes to the cera rzum' Sa turni of 1 00 h B . C h a . . t e qu estors These coins were issued in , w en the senate granted to the urban q uaestors extraordinary

funds for the purchase of corn . 1 1 m . . JR f R m b r bv. e o a r e Ro e O H ad o ; in f ont, X ; hind , t ipod M e er Rev. RO M . rr b . A Apollo, with bow and a ow, in iga on y ,

M 6 22 rs . Wt . g - B . C. 99 94 . 1 I 2 . . l . B . a b I LI . e of I taly Socia War O v. TA A H ad tali ;

e re Rev. C P PI us C O s c c r c ers . b hind, w ath . A ( ) in an ha a t D rs The s c r . 6 1 . io u i . Wt g 1 2-1 5 The name on this and the foll owing coins (Nos . ) P u ilu s m . a iu s M t l is that of C p , one of the principa Sa nite — l l B . C. 90 89 . genera s in the Marsic or Socia War , 1 3 I . . l . ZR. h . T b He me e e . R ev wo taly Socia War O v. l t d ad s ers of ce c the s oldi , taking oath allian , by tou hing with point n In of th ei r s wo rds a pig h eld in t he arm s of a kn eeling ma .

s cr r ers AAPI us C . MVT IL us O sc c c C . P iption, in an ha a t , ( ) ( )

M ilus Im ra . 6 2 5 rs . EMB Pu ins C. ut e t r . RATVR ( 0 . p p o ) Wt g 1 4 I . l . l ZR. LI . Obv. VIT ELIV I ta y Socia War ( TA A) , in

O sc c r e of rs e . Rev. C PAAPI an ha acters . H ad Ma ; b hind , X C O s c c r c r r s ers a of a a ce as in an ha a te s . Fou oldi , t king oath lli n N on o. 18 . 6 1 s . Wt . gr 1 5 I . m . . l . 3 He of acch e . Rev Sa taly Socia War Obv. ad B ant e u r h R l I s cri O s c c r c ers t e . nit b ll , go ing oman wo f n ption , i-n an ha a t , o PAAPI . 5 9 2 rs . MVT IL. EMB RATVR Wt g The majority of the coins of the confederate Italian peoples during their war with Rome were struck at th el r

PERI VII. OD C .

’ 2 1 . R m . IR . Obv. e of erc l es l s s s o e H ad H u , in ion kin . In cription; S C FAVST us m r . Rev. G e s rr ( ) , in onog am lob , u ound ed by r fou wreath s on e ith er s ide of the lowes t an aplus tre and an e a r of c r s s s ea l . . 5 9 4 rs o n, ymboli ing and and Wt g . u b F a ustus a B . C . 54 Str ck y Sulla , urban qu estor in , the . i -in- Po m eiu s son of the d ctator , and son law of p , whose V i i rr ctor es by sea and land are refe ed to on the reverse . PLATE 2 2 m . R . A7 . bv O . e of e s e r e r r e c l ce o e H ad V nu , w a ing a ing , n k a , - oa k re e LIl e S . R v and w ath ; b hind , . C A E AR. Tr ophy of G s ms r . 1 auli h a Wt . 3 1 2 g r ae B 49 C . Aurei were first st uck by C sar in . , when after the flight of Pompe iu s and the Senate he made himse lf m m aster of Ro e . The numerals on th e obver se are by m f a m so e supposed to refer to the age o C esar at the ti e , hi l but t s is very doubtfu . 2 m 3 . . A t . Obv. e f s o r . Rev. ALB IN B I Ro e H ad Ma VS RVT F . G sh r m e s cr s se G l s Gree s e s Two auli t u p t o d, and au i h and k hi ld . Wt . r g s .

B . C . 49 m B Struck in , by Deci us rutus , who was sent by ae s M l C ar against assi ia . 24 m AI. . . b O v. C S C E R C O S T ER. e of P e s Ro e A A H ad i ta ,

ve e . Rev H IRT IVS P ae fectus . R . s e ich s is il d A ( ) Lituu , p y 2 a xe . 1 4 rs . and Wt . g

Hirtius A . was one of the seven praefects of the city a pointed by Caesar to govern Rome during his absence in

B C . 4 6 pain , . m 25 . . fR. A b . e of ntius O v Res . Rev. Herc es c rr Ro e H ad tio ul , a y

r and c . e e r C ANT IVS C F RES IO . ing t ophy lub Mon y , T

59 4 rs . Wt . g

h f . T e portrait on this coin is that o C Antins Restio , 4 u B . C. 7 tribune of the people abo t , who was the father of m the oneyer . m 2 6 A7 . r . . s c Ro e Obv. Bu t of Vi to y,

W e e LAN us PRAEF e ctus VRB is . E i R v. L . P C ing d . ( ) ( ) ( ) p - c h s is r one e . rs . y o handl d jug . Wt g

a the mm m B . C. 45 C esar , at co ence ent of the year , con fid e d the care of the imper atorial coinage to the famous

M n i P n us ae . . u a t us la c L , then pr fect of the city m ’ 2 7 . R . . e of Se xtus o e A Obv. H ad - m eius e r e . R e PRAEF ec tu s . Po p ; the whol in oak w ath v. ( ) C LAS(s is) ET O R(ae) MARIT(imae) EX S C H eads of Pom e ius the Gre his s on G ae s Pom e ius on e e r s e p at and n u p ; ith id ,

s 1 28 rs . lituu and tr ipod . Wt . g — P m iu e B . C. 42 3 6 o e s These aurei w re struck , by Sextus p , — 1 1 9 B . 10 0 1 . . C

h mm m l w o , in co and of a nu erous fleet , had estab ished - r w his head qua ters in Sicily , hence he carried on war by s m r rae sea again t the triu vi s . He had been appointed p eota s la s s is t r i 44 c e o ae ma rit mes B C. . f by the senate in . 2 R m AI 8 . . . of Ceres Rev L IDI us bv. e . MVS S o e O H ad . ( )

LO NGVS re c r . . 1 244 rs . , within a w ath of o n Wt g idiu B C. 3 9 . Mu s s s Struck in . , by L Longus , one of the ’ ua tuorvzri moneta les q . 2 me . . 9 . Ro N . o t nus R I F O c avia . R DI bv. e f ev S O H ad . C A E A V

c r . . rs . Vi to y , in biga Wt g — c C. 3 6 29 . Stru k B . m 30 . Ro e . B . IMP Obv. e of O cta vianus re t e . Rev. H ad , lau a

C ES R. e O cta via nus on r s r l c r me e A A Statu of , o t a olumn o na nt d

c rs . 6 32 rs with two an ho Wt . g . 2 — B . C 2 Struck . 9 7 m AT 31 R . . . b . ES R. O v. e of t a via nu r I P C O c s e . Rev. M o e H ad , ba A A

c r on e m . rs . c rr re ve . Vi to y glob , a ying a w ath and a xillu Wt g

B 2 — . C. 9 Struck 2 7 .

Rome . A7 32 . . b e AVGVSTVS . O v. e s s re . R v. H ad of Augu tu , ba

n 1 15 rs . C r c r c r c a r er e . . ap i o n , with o u opi , udd , and glob Wt g

r s s The caprico n was chosen as a badge by Augu tu , b w a s m e r 2 3 th e w c ecause he born on Septe b , day on hi h n hi r c k the sun enters that sig . T s coin was st u between 2 2 B C. 5 . . 7 and

m of R . AI e 33 . . S bv. . o e O P . H ad

I E MVN ita e SVNT . The s s re Rev. VO Augu tu , ba . Q V A ( ) r y e e s r emp ero r and Vi cto in a biga of l phant , upon a t iumphal

rc ce on v c . . rs . a h , pla d a iadu t Wt g

u B C. 1 7 . u Str ck . The type all des to the restoration of m the Via Fla inia . m A7 34 R . . C ES R . e of C s Caes r the r Obv. o e A A H ad aiu a , g and - o f e A . r e s on s s re . R v. VGVST I Augu tu , within an oak w ath La g

c e r re . . rs . and lab um , within a w ath Wt g B 1 in . C . 7 th e Struck in , year which Caius and Lucius

were adopted by Augustus . m A7 . . 35 . R . VSTVS DI I F e of s s Obv. AVG o an V H ad Augu tu ,

A T . Actia u e m re . Rev IMP C c r ba . X A pollo , holding pl t u

l . . 1 2 2 rs re c . and ly , and lad in ong pallium Wt g a 1 44 2 u h c . l T is coin was struck , probably in Ga . PERI VII . OD . C

3 6 . m A] . . E A Ro e Obv. C A S R AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER

P RI E. e of s s l re e . AE Rev. C . L . C AT A H ad Augu tu , au at S A RES AVGVST I F C O S DES IC PRINC (ipes) IVVEN ut C and c s T is . s e c c ( ) aiu Lu iu , a h lad in toga, and holding ’ s e d s e r In fi e s l . r s s ff 1 20 rs . hi and p a ld, impulum and augu ta . Wt . g

P P a B C 2 . The title ater atri e was conferred on Augustus . .

P 3 m i m l — LAT 7 . . e s H a IL B . C. 1 0 6 0 70 . . ? 6 . JR E Africa Nu idia p .

Obv. e e h re of c r . Rev rs e P c Mal h ad , bound wit w ath o n . Ho and uni

e er . 45 rs l tt . Wt g .

After the f f u urth a l all o J g , a portion on y of his king d B c h u om was given to Hie mps a l . oc s of Mauretania re c eive d m m s western Nu idia as a reco pense for his trea on . m The attribution of this coin is extre ely uncertain . m —4 I B . 60 . ZR 38 . . . . C. 6 . bv. REX I E . Nu idia Juba , O V A ' s of e r e r r l c rl s s ce re Bu t Juba, b a d d , and with hai in fo ma u ; pt at f his s er . e u c scr r a r s o R v. P hould ni in iption , p obably t an lation

the e e . . 6 1 rs . that on obverse . T mpl Wt g

a d oles cens bene ca illa tus Juba is called by Cicero p , and

a B . C. 62 Suetonius relates how C esar, on one occasion , in , l pu led hi m by the beard . This coin presents us therefore

with a characteristic portrait .

— me . B . s of a e 3 n . k 9 . bv. Hispano Carthaginia O Bu t ing, di d d

e G rse P c s cr . . 2 24 rs . R v. alloping ho and uni in iption Wt g

Formerly attributed to B oc ch us I king of Mauretania . — At . r f 50 38 . Obv. G 4 M ni B o ud II B . C . 0 . aureta a . g i fin , c th e X BO C VT . Gr ffi b ve Rev. RE d evouring s tag . i n , a o whi h ’

i zr 5 6 rs . m k . Wt . g

B C 49 . This king was recognised by Caesar in . . The Asiatic types of the coin prove the intimate connection which existed between the religion of the peoples of

northern Africa and western Asia .

B . bv. Hea 2 5 A.D. 2 3 . O M I B . C. I . 41 . . auretania Juba , to d

45 rs . of Rev. E e . . Juba . l phant Wt g f REX I E . He o M bv. ZR. 2 II. O 4 . auretania . Juba V A ad

5 rs . . 4 Rev. C r c ae sce re . Juba . o nu opi and pt Wt g

X I E . e of I ZR . RE M I . Obv. 43 . auretania . Juba V A H ad ' e d of C e r K EO IIAT PA B AZ IAIZ Z A. Rev. A Juba . H a l opat a

e e e w e of J . . 5 1 rs . S l n , if uba Wt g i m h f I. l T is king, son o Juba , who ost his k ngdo at the m k i n of M battle of Thapsus, was ade by Augustus g ' au

re tania . His wife Cleopatra Selene was a daughter of

m . M . An tonius and the fa ous Cleopatra

I DEX I — E APHI AL N . G O GR C .

B i u i es VII. 3 . t r g , 0 .

B oeot a III. 26 i v. 22 . i , B . ; B . v. B

b r . II I 22 A de a B l II . 3 19 i v . . . , . . . B . ; B d s I 1 — Ab I I A 4 B r t a II . 5 9 . a V . C y u , . . . i nni , 2 —22 ca t I II . B ruttii 0 h s . . 8 . 7 . v. C . . A n u , B B , A a rna ni m II 3 3 VI c a V. 13 20 . B z a u . V . . . VI . , B . ; . B . y nti , B ; B ;

Ac e i A 6 VII . B . 3 4 , v. . . B . , . Ac aea n Lea ue 23— 25 VI h B . g , V. . 25-2 B . 7 . E in I B 29 II 4 s . . . B . 2 v 23 g , ; ; . B . .

E nia ne s VI . 14 15 , B . , . ZEnus II 2 III . 4 , B . . B . . ZEt 4— lia V 1 l n . h ed o 6 . . o . 18 . a c A C . , B . , v — i n I . 4 I a . A r e tum . 2 I . C 14 1 es 9 c v. o . g g , ; . 6 . C l ,

a r a Troa s a l mn I . A 2 C a 9 . le d VI . A 1 1 A x n i , . . y , . m ma s ris IV A 23 . a a ri a II 1 18 . C . c . . 7 . A t , n , ,

ia . r 3 Amb ra c V 10 Ca m s I . A 0 . , . B . i u , .

mu um VII c . Am o s III . 8 a d h l C o . 9 p ip i , B . 7 , . l un , . 1 a h II A 4 d . . oc V . . . C a oc a VI A 2 3 A nti , pp i , . m — n a d h nd a cu . a r III A 3 o ll o a R II C a 3 35 . A A. . . p i y , i , — 42 . o 35 2 r . 3 . 2 1 2 a a III 0 . i . C e , th g , 7 ; v l i 1 1 13 — - l a Il r a e VII . . 3 1 43 i . 3 39 o o . 8 v. c . 4 v 0 . 3 . Ap l ni y , B , ; ; 3 III A 4 IV A 4 V . 2 A ra d us . . Ca r s s . 9 30 . 7 . v . , ; . , ; y tu , B ,

0 1 1 . 18 . A i A 3 II. A . . as s e 1 I. 4 . . V 7 C 0 v . V . ; v ; p , . B ; B — 3 t I 2 I 19 2 1 III. d III . rca a . 7 Ca a c 5 I . A . . . . i , B na , C

III . 36 V . . 2 . 25 . Ar os . 5 0 . g , B ; B 9 rm nia VII . A 1 3 . Ca o a I. . 1 18 II c. . A e . 7 , ul ni , c , ; .

r . 13 . l n eris I . A 3 V. o C e e d . 7 . A pi , , 19 l s ca o VII . A . 1 8 . Ce sita ni Vi i . c . 1 . A l n , , , 4 — nd II A. 39 i. A. . h a di II . 1 1 . As e us . C lc c e I . 9 p , ; v i , B - 1 —23 2 II . 9 1 2 2 8 u . 3 . b h 1 6 . C a c s E oeae V 3 A ens . . . t , B B ; h l i , B , — . 2 22 VI. B r n I 2 11 . . 30 v 0 . Ch e s o sus . A 6 . 1 . e . B ; B ; , 1 . 4 1 . 4 III. 3 . 3 24 VII B . 1 5 . C s i A 8 II A 3 A . 2 o . . , , hi , ; . ;

Atreb a es VII . C . 6 7 . Cib ra VII A 6 t , , y , . . . li 4 nt . us IV . A 24 r i Diab es VII . C . Aul e o . . ; C i , I 29 Cla z ome nae, I . A. 2 1 ; I . A . — III A 24 26 . . .

d Iii A 32 . C us i A 27 . . ni , . . ;

2 III . 39 VI . . C os s us I . 3 . n , . B ; B ; B — — 1 2 I. A 2 r V . A 2 V . 3 28 3 B ac a . 7 0 . t i , ; , 2 i i 2 o A 3 II A . . 0 I . 7 3 v . A 0 C l o II 3 . . on . . ; ph , ;

B ae 14 r 1 II. 14 VI. . sa l I . . Co c ra I . 8 i t , . B y , . B ; B . ; B

B v A . VII . A . 3 . 19 h ni . a 7 . it y , 1 3 INDEX. 2

5 Cor nth I 3 1 II . 2 30 . i , . B . , ; B

III . B . 31 . 3 Cos I A Ii i . 3 i . A . I 6 A. 6 , . . ; ; v

2 era c I n as III A 22 VI A . l . 3 H e a o . . . i , ;

o n I 19 2 II 10 i i i 1 . Cr o . o. 0 . c . . 7 t , , ; ;

1 9 v H e ra c le a L ca as II. C . 5 III . c . 20 i . 2 o. . o 5 . , ; u ni ,

. I . 6 V o 17 Cro on a nd S b a r s I c 2 1 1 1 V 0 . 1 . . . t y i , . . ; ; 26 P a IV A. 25 umae I 2 H e ra c le a o t c . C c . II . c . 2 . . , . ; n i , , i I H r tna . 2 V . 33 . m I A 2 vi A 4 e a IV 5 . 0 . . 1 . . C e . . y , ; py , B ; B — - 1 4 H mera I . . 2 II . 25 4 3 . 0 7 . 0 . C rus II A 40 43 III. A . yp , . . ; i , - re e III 0 4 4 . c . 39 H s o Ca rtha i ian VI . 0 30 3 4 IV . C . . y n , , ; i pan g n II 3 41 ; v. 32 ; V . c . 9 . - 1 2 6 15 II . H ria III z us I A . A I C c . II . 0 3 . y i , ; . ; y , . . — A . 4 8 ; Iv. A . 27 ; v . A . 1 ; VI.

A . 6 . o

Ia l sus I A 31 y , . . . m . Da ascus , Iv. A . 5

I m i A . 12 D rd liu , v . . a a us II A . 25 n , . . Ind I A 1 a V . 7 . D i , . e l s I . A . 22 o , . - - I 26 28 i i . 12 i . v 15 l . 0 c ta y , v ; . . De I . 25 l h II . p i , B . I n s 3 ta u II . 6 , . B . Dic aea h a lcid i c es I . 1 1 C . . , B 12 rrh um V . 9 vII . D achi . . y , B ; B .

Jerus alem, VI . A . 8 1 . 1 Edo I. . 5 ni , B . — — 4 . A 2 3 E Iv A 20 22 v . 8 gypt, . . ; 2 6 27 vi . A . 35 ; VII. A . , . — 1 33 W El s II 2 6 34 1 1 . . . i , . B . ; . B ; B

26 . 25 . 2 3 V . i ; . ; . La ce aemon d v. . 2 2 I 2 8 V . 7 . B v B , B , B 7 .

31 III. . E e s s i A . II. A A h , . 7 . La mia I 2 v . 1 p u , . B .

3 A 1 9 v A 1 0 . 0 Iv 2 . . 2 9 . . 9 , , ; La s a c s I. A . 18 II A 23 mp u , . . E irus In 23 v 1 0— 12 , . . ; . . II A 1 5-1 I I V 8 . . 9 A . p B B . ; . vi 16 1 . . , 7 . Lar s s a II 13 III 1 . . 9 B i , B ; . B . . 3 Ere tr a II. . 39 ; . . 3 . i , B v B La ii s I . C . 8 9 . , ,

thrae ii A 2 A . 30 i . Er , . . 3 Iv. ; Lebe d us V 1 y v , I . A . 8 .

A 16 . . Leontini I 0 . 28 II , . ; . 0 . 26, 27 . 1 1 II 1 Etrur a c . II c . I . c . I . . . ; Le b o . 1 i , s s , I A . 0 . 2 —2 Eub oea I. . 1 5 . L 4 , e e I . 5 B t , B . , . L 2 1 e ca s VI. . u , B . L b a V I 0 29 . i y , . .

Locr B rutt III . . c 2 1 IV C. 26 i , . .

v. 0 . 23 . L a ia I A ocri III . O . . . 24 G a l VI . 7 . t , . pun , B — — 1 VII 3 5 . L c a I 3 35 i 0 . o A II G . . . . . 3 A 38 III aul , v ; y i , ; . . ; . 22— 4 26 II . 2 . G a I o. 0 . . A 39 . e . l , ; L d a A - - G ore sia Cei I . . 33 . I . . 1 3 13 16 , B y i , , . 31 35 VI 32 . L i Gort na II . . . s ma ia IV . . c h . 19 y , B ; B , y , . B 1 24 INDEX.

P& on a III 6 I . 29 . . B . IV 1 Ma cao ? V 0 . . 2 . i , ; B , . — — Pand os ia II ce don . 5 8 I . 9 12 . 0 . 1 1 III Ma . V . 2 c . 2 . , v B ; . B ; , — Pan ica ae m III VII . 7 10 . , . . 1 2 . B t ' p u B , Paros I 3 n s 19 . . V Ma e 1a VI A . . 5 . 4 3 . g , . , B ; B . Pa r ia IV 1 Ma ti e a . 24 . A . 5 16 A v. h VI . 34 n n i , B . t , , ; . VII A 2 — 2 . 2 2 Mara thus , V. A . 0 . . 5 . P er a 22 r mea II 4 5 VI. A . Ma o . . III. . VI . . . , B ; B ; B g , P r m 5 VII . . 5 . e a us . A . 8 9 VI A . . 7 9 ; B g , v , ; , , 1 VII A a i ia V. 1 1 0 . 5 M ss I C . 0 VI 0 . . l . . . , . ; v ; ; 2 Persia I 2 VII . . . 1 II . c . A 7 . A . 1 2 I II A ; , ; , ; . . — 1 - 4 . 3 aureta VII. . 0 4 IV A 1 M a C 3 . . . ni , ; P nd I . . 8 II. . . aes tus II Me e 9 h . . 3 38 4 7 III . . 0 . , B ; B , B , ; B 2 P a rs a us Me emb ria. VI . . II I . 2 s . . 0 . , B h l , B e a I 3 II P a s e is I A 3 8. . . 6 M s s . C . 0 . 0 . 2 h na , ; l , . P erae III Mes sen a III 24 VI. h . 21 22 35 IV . . . i , . B . ; B ; , B , . 26 P i III B . . . . 13 hil ppi , B . m 1 1 P ocaea — Me a ontu I. 0 0 1 II . 6 I . A . 2 II A t . . C h 3 . . 1 6 1 p , , ; ; , ; 9 . — — P ocis III . 0 . 1 2 1 6 Iv . o. 1 2 1 h I . . 19 . ; 7 . , B h na II Pol rheni 2 III 23 . um IV Me m . A . t . A. . . 26 y , 7 ; y , B . P u M s I . o s A . le . 6 V . A . 5 VI A A . . . 5 VII . i tu , nt , ; ; 5 1 2 M r a VI . A . 1 . . y in , , 2 Po u ia I 1 M t le e 11 . A. 8 . lo . o. III 2 c . . y i n , p n , ; . Pord os ilene , II . A . 24. Pos eid ion r athi Ca I . A 32 . p , . P s e o a 12 o d I . . C 13 . i ni , , Po daea I 9 . ti , . B . 4 Pria nsus VI . . 3 . , B P nn 2 8 . rooo esus IV . A . 4 , Na I . 3 os . . x , B P x a nd S ris I . . 14 us 0 . y i , a x 2 u S c ias I 31 II . N s l . o. c . 9 i i , ; , 30 . m n Nea olis Ca a as II . c . 3 III . p p i , ;

C . 4 ; IV . 3 .

Nea o is Da tenon I . . 6 III . l . p , B ; B 12 . 2 22 0 . 1 III . Rh e ium I . II . g , C. ; N caea Iv A . 1 8. i , . 23 .

Nol a , IV . 0 . 4 . R hodes III. A. 37 , 38 ; Iv. A . 33 u i A rn 1 , N cer a l a e a . o. 1 f t , v . 2 1 v 1 1 VI. . 3 . . A . ; A , um a 3 N di VII . c . 37 8 . i , , - — Roma o Ca m a nian IV. 0 . 5 10 n p ,

o 7 8 . v. . , —2 I 1 6 . 5 . Roma VII. . 6 VI . C 3 n , B ; — - 2 . 2 6 VI . 0 . 3 5 VII Rome, V . C . ; ; — 1 1 1 1 34 36 . 0 . 0, , 6 ,

1 ss 2 VI. 1 II O de us . V . , v. B , ; B . ; 2 B . . O d man o ti I . . 1 B 7 . II 1 O l h s . . 0 . ynt u , B O rr skii I 1 e . . 6 . , B O s ca VII . 1 , c . .

I DEX 11 — K N . INGS DY NAST E , S, TC .

A l l o u I o od t s I. VII A . 20 p . . A olloni VI A 6 s . . . p ,

Ab ud os VII . 0 . 3 . rc h a us I II 1 2 , A el . B . . l — E sil a s VII . . 7 9 . n I 9 . Ars i oé I . V A 2 , B , . .

h oc le s o f B a c ria V . A 26 2 . 7 rs i oe III V A 33 . A g at t , , A n . , . . h oc l es o f S ra cu se IV . C . Aud o n IV leo . . 2 A g at y , , B . — — 27 30 . us II . 33 35 VII . u us t V A . A g , . ; B A b us B ru i f. VII . C . 23 . 2 26 VII. c . 3 33 35 36 . See l in , t , ; , , , lex a der s on of Roxa a IV A . . a lso ta via nu s A n , n , O c . 2 v 0 2 1 I . 1 13 4. . Az b a a l II. A . 43 . , ; B , , ex a d er B a a s VI A 4 l l . . 2 . A n , Al e a nder of E ir s III 23 x p u , . B . — IV. 0 . 1 1 15 . A e xa der I of Mac don e II . . 1 1 . l n . , B Alexa der th e G rea IV A 2 —8 n t, . . — - IV . . 3 7 1 0 1 1 V. A . 1 4 B , , ; ; B aa lmelek II. A - , . 42 . V . . 2 ; VI. A . 1 4 ; VI. . B B 3 1 B eren ce H A . VII 2 i v. . . B . .

B o ud VII. . 40 c . e ander of P rae II 2 g l h e I. 2 1 2 B . . A x , , B u D VII r s . . c . 23 . Ama s r s 3 ut , IV . A . 2 t i , . B ru us M J us VII A 29 Am nta s of G a VII A t . uni , . . a . . 7 . y lati , . 1 9 VII. c . 19 . Am n II Ma e o III B ; ta s I. of d c . . y n , B

15 . nd IV A 1 A ra ora . . 6 . g s, 2 n o s IV. . 1 . A tig nu , B

n onus Doso n V . 6 2 . 7 . A tig B , i onu nata s s G o V . . 5 . Ant g , B 4 m r a u . 3 . n i s VII. ac h us A . 25 . Cae s a C c A ti , v , ,

o 2 n L c us VII . . i c I V A . 1 13 aesa r us a d h s . . C Ca A nt u , , i u i , c

i II . A 14 6 oc h us . . . 3 . A nt , v

H i x 1 C r u us VII. 1 18 2 1 J . 7 A oc hus era ? . A . 6 . aesa nti v , li , B , , ; l I f 1 I 22 2 29 8 . VI . C . 6 . oc h us Se euci I I. . V . A . A nti , , , iu 2 il s VII . A . n oc u I I A 1 V 1 Ca s a Serv 9 . h s I . V . . 9 . . 7 c A ti , ; B , , ,

30 32 Ca ssa der IV . . 10 1 1 . , . n , B ,

o f S r VI . A 28 t u I 2 C o a tra a . . oc h s V . VI . A . 5 . e A n i , l p y i ,

f E II A 19 . n hu I 1 C o ra I. o V . . A oc s V II VII A . 8 e 1 . V ti , . , l pat gypt,

A u I 9 C eo a ra a nd An o us VII . A . n oc s X. VII . A . ti h , . l p t t ni , o u 2 4 s L. VII. 2 . 1 . A nt ni , B . n u o a ra e n of Mauretan a o M. A 1 II Cle S l e e s VII . . 3 V . . A t ni , ; B p t i , — 4 2 1 24. VII . c . 3.

An on u M d eo a ra VII Cos o VII . . l . s . a n Cl . t i , p t , n , B 14 I 13- 6 A . . Croesus , . A . 1 .

o us M. Junior VII . . 24. Cunob elinu s VII . c . 9 . Ant ni , B , EX 1 2 7 IND .

l 3 M us us III . . 3 De me r us Poliorcetes IV . . 15 a o A . t i , B ,

u . III A 40 . Ma z ae s . . 17 . i f t d I of a rt a VI . A . ri 2 Mi h ra a te s . P h r u o B a ct a V A 3 . Demet s . . i , ,

f I 2 3 4. ri s II. o S r V A . De me . . 7 t u y ia , 5 I f Pon us v . . t A . i 1 Mith ra d a e s I . o D od o tus A . 2 . , v t , 2 Mi thra d a tes th e G re a o f Po s D of H ra ea 5 . e Iv. A o s us c l . i ny i , t ntu , 2 4 1 VII. . 1 . VII . A . , ; B

Monuniu s V . . 9 . , B i Mos t s VI . . 8 . , B

nd hraa t I. VII A . M sa a P a ces . u ,

2 5 . 41 E a or I. III A v g a s , . . . e l th o n II 4 1 E v , . A . . t 3 Euc ra id e s , VI. A . 2 . E me es I. v . A 9 . . ' u n , N10 0 0 1 9 0 11 m A 42 e I , E me s I. VI . A . 7 . u n , Nicomed es IIL “ L A 3 Eu h d m A 22 ’ t e us . y . E li 24 ut d emus V A . y . .

ta ia nus VII A 32 VII 2 1 O c v . . . . , B 2 —31 e a l u VII C . 9 . Se so t s . A gus u . G a s E nor m et d o u REX I. B . d I , O ro e s I. , V I . A. 23 . ro hern s VI A 2 O e . . 3 . p ,

H eliocle s , VI . A . 33 . iu I - m s I 2 Pa s C . VI . 0 . 1 2 15 . H e r aeu , VI . A . 1 . p , - a 2 Pa tra us , IV . . 1 . H icet s IV . c . 3 3 4. B , Pa sa nia s of Ma ced on H i m s a l II III. . 14 . C . 3 , e p V . 7 u B — Pe rd i ea IH c s . of a r II 0 32 c edo III. . C . 3 . H ie o V . M n, B 1 m 6 . H ero s . C . 33 . i ny u , v Pe rs eus of Ma ce don VI 9 , . B . . P lms e ? h a s IV . A 1 p . 5 .

P a e I . A s . . h n , 7 h a rna I P ces . I , V . A . 5 . P e a e ru s v A l . . 8 . hi t , J ub a I. , VII . C . 38 . P II. of M c e d on III p , . . 17 18 . b a II I 4 —4 hili a B Ju . VI . C . 1 3 . , P III of M h . a ce d on A IV . 9 ilip , . , 1 I 8 . 0 V . . 9 ; B , P f M d . o a ce o v. . 8 hilip V n , B 7 , . P f h o S r a VII. A 1 2 ili p y i , . . Ph ili tis 3 s V . c . 3 , .

La b ie nus . P rt ens VII A h . . Ph ta s I d . raa ce . a n M sa A 2 Q VII . 5 , a i , u , . L m a I 1 V. . 2 . h r a P a tes III. VII A a i , B , . . 22 .

L cce ius III . . 6 . Phra ta hernes ? IV A 15 y , B p . . . L s ma c s IV A 1 8 1 h . . 9 IV . . Pix d a ru II 34 o s I . A . y i u , , B , , 35 — 18 2 0 V . 1 VI 4 . . . 3 Pn ta oras III. A 4 ; B ; B , ; y g , . 3 .

VII. . 3 4. Po m eius Se us VII . c . 2 B , p , xt , 7 . I X 1 28 NDE .

A S mo Maccab aeus VI. A . 31 . I . . Pru ias . . s , v 7 i n ,

A 22 So h tes IV . A . 17 . l I . Pto e m . IV . y , p y , 28 l nd mo II. . A Sull a VII . A . . m a Ars e . to e II. P y , v ,

2 Sull a F a us us VII . 0 . 18 2 1 . 8 . , t , ,

A 0 Sura VII . . 10 . l II . 3 . e m I . . Pto y , v , B

Pto em IV . V . A . 32 . l y ,

Ptole m V . V . A . 34. y ,

5 . to em VI. VI . A . 3 P l y ,

IX II A 2 . t l em . V . . 6 P o y ,

l II A 1 Tasciovanus VII. C . 8 . P o e m XL V . . 8 27 . t y , , , — r s VII A 1 3 2 Ti a e . . . rhu V. C . 24 9 . Pyr s, g n , iu 6 Tincomm s , VII . c . . 24 IL . A Tirid a tes VII . , . T r hon VI A 26 yp , . . . mn II 3 T es . A y , . 7 1 — u u I. IV . . 1 14. Sel e c s , A 5 Seleucus A . 1 .

Se eucus III. V. A . 17 . l ,

u I I . 1 Se leuc s V . , VI A . 0 .

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