The Apollo Mission
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Motorola's part of the tremendous national effort on the Apollo Program is infinitesimally small. But our pride in being selected is very great. Since many of those in the electronics industry have never had the opportunity to overview the program, we have prepared this brochure - a graphic narrative of the Apollo Lunar Flight. We hope you will find it entertaining and informational. [Source: Motorola, Inc. Legacy Archives. Brochure, circa 1965.] lheAPOLLO MISSION Motorola is the largest manufacturer in the United States devoted exclusively to electronics. The "' C Motorola Military Electronics Division's Western 'iii, 'C Center includes over 300,000 square feet of space and ::, J: over 1000 professional engineering personnel, with ..,. the development and production of Aerospace " C Telecommunications as its major capability. The Tele communications Laboratory is the largest R&D engineering facility at the Western Center and in• eludes specialized Technical Sections devoted to Data Transmission System Applications, Rf Systems, CW Transponders, and Command Systems. Related facili ties include Antenna and Microwave, a Radar Systems Laboratory, Advanced Reliability and Components Analysis, and a major Manufacturing facility devoted exclusively to aerospace and related electronics. .. experience .." u Apollo ■ Gemini ■ Ranger ■ Space Ground Link 0 C System ■ Thor/Able/Star Probes ■ MSFN & .� DSN Tracking ■ WSMR Tracking ■ Goddard Range � & Range Rate Tracking ■ Venus Probe ■ PMR 0" :; Tracking Atlas ■ Polaris ■ Sidewinder ■ AMR � ■ 'C.. Tracking ■ MilComSat ■ Regulus ■ Able ■ GAM• C :, 87 Skybolt ■ Jupiter ■ Saturn ■ Scout ■ AFMTC Tracking ■ Subroc ■ Bomarc ■ Explorer ■ Hound � Dog ■ OGO/EGO Pershing ■ Dyna-Soar ■ DSIF " ■ Q Tracking ■ Centaur ■ Terrier ■ Agena ■ Mars Probe ■ Minuteman • Mariner ■ Mercury ■ Lunar Orbiter ■ Advent ■ Midas ■ NIOTOROLA INC. Military Electronics Division WIE STERN C E N T ER 8201 EAST McDOWELL ROAD, SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA l'f!IN ru:i IN u. �- �. LUNAR EXPLORATION LUNAR LANDING \ '"' :..Q Before the end of this decade man will launch his TRANSEARTH j greatest voyage of discovery, a journey whose magnitude INJECTION and implications for the human race will dwarf any high ,.Jt, adventure of the past. ., Project Apollo the complex undertaking ever is most contemplated by man; for the first time he will leave his own planet and set foot upon another world, the luminous CIRCUMLUNAR satellite of earth we call the moon. PHASE More than 5000 of the nation's industrial firms are directly involved in the United States' efforts to place men on the moon. The National Aeronautics and Space Ad ministration estimates that 20,000 companies in all 50 THIS GRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE APOLLO states and 300,000 people eventually will participate. In MANNED LUNAR VOYAGE INTRODUCES addition, all of NASA's 10 major centers and most of its THIS BROCHURE. WHICH DESCRIBES 30,000 employees contribute to the effort.' EACH ELEMENT OF THE APOLLO MISSION: Three Americans will travel through space to the moon in the Apollo spacecraft, which will begin its voyage PAGE atop a mighty Saturn V booster rocket. As portions of the 1 A LANDING ON THE MOON 23 CONFIGURATION rocket and spacecraft complete their functions and are 5 LAUNCH SITE: HARDWARE TESTING no longer required for the mission, they are jettisoned to GROUND CHECKOUT EQUIPMENT reduce dead weight. The command module is the living 6-7 APOLLO GROUND CONTROL 89 LAUNCH quarters of the spacecraft, housing the three astronauts 10-11 TRANSLUNAR INJECTION & DOCKING during the trip to and from the moon. When in orbit above 12-13 CIRCUMLUNAR PHASE 14-15 LUNAR LANDING the moon's pocked face, two of the astronauts will enter 16-17 LUNAR EXPLORATION the lunar excursion module (LEM), attached to their com 18-19 LUNAR TAKEOFF & RENDEZVOUS mand module, and descend to the lunar surface. Hours 20 21 TRANSEARTH INJECTION 2223 RE-ENTRY & RECOVERY later, after taking photographs and making scientific 24-25 MOTOROLA/ APOLLO SPACEBORNE EQUIPMENT studies, they will blast off in the LEM to rendezvous and 26-27 MOTOROLA! APOLLO GROUND EQUIPMENT dock with the orbiting command module for the trip 28-29 MOTOROLA SPACE HERITAGE home. The LEM will be left behind in moon orbit. American astronauts will experience thousands of man hours of manned earth orbit in various spacecraft before the trip to the moon. This experience and the mas LAUNCH tery of rendezvous, the joining together of two space ve hicles as they hurtle around the earth at 17,500 miles an hour, will be vital to success. The future? To quote the late Dr. Hugh Dryden, for mer Deputy Administrator of NASA, "Apollo, for all its complexity, will be a modest step compared to the mag nitude of reaching other planets. A round trip to Venus would require nearly a year and to Mars 1 ½ years. But it is very likely we will reach Mars and Venus within the next 25 years. Before the year 2000 unmanned probes will have scouted all the planets of the solar system. We have embarked upon a long, long road from which there can be no turning back. The stars beckon us, and a bril TRANSLUNAR liant new era in man's progress unfolds. " 2 INJECTION This brochure briefly describes the total Apollo & DOCKING manned mission: vehicle configuration, launch site, ground control, and each phase of the program - Launch, Lunar Injection and Docking, Circumlunar, Lunar Land ing, Lunar Exploration, Lunar Takeoff and Rendezvous, a landing on Transearth Injection, and Reentry and Recovery - are described and illustrated in the pages that follow. NOTE: BROKEN TRAJECTORY LINES INDICATE LOSS OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH EARTH DURING CLOSE LUNAR ORBIT. '"Footprints on the Moon," by Hugh L. Dryden, Ph.D. National Geo the moon graphic, Vol. 125, No. 3, p. 357 (March 1964). 2 1bid., pp. 400-401. 1 LAUNCH VEHICLE 1 E SPACE A. S-IC (FIRST STAGE) - initial liftoff; flight data via I. SERVICE MODULE - thrust for space vehicle mid- VEHICLE radar tracking and telemetry, and a command destruct course corrections, thrust for deceleration into lunar link. MOTOROLA EQUIPMENT OPERATING - Dual circular orbit, and thrust for transearth injection and MCR-503 Command Destruct Receivers - L-Band mid-course corrections. :111111111[ ODOP Transponder. J. COMMAND MODULE - main vehicle for transport- B. S-IC/S-11 INTERSTAGE ADAPTER - transmits thrust ing Apollo crew to and from the moon. Provides main forces from S-IC (first stage) to S-11 (second stage). control of space vehicle; radar tracking, telemetry, two C. S-11 (SECOND STAGE) - velocity buildup for injec- way voice, television, command, and up-data via unified tion of vehicle into earth orbit; flight data via radar track- 1111111111111 11 1 S-band (and radar tracking, two-way voice and beacon for ing and telemetry, and command destruct link and recovery). MOTOROLA EQUIPMENT OPERATING - Uni television viewing of launch from vehicle. MOTOROLA fied S-Band Transponder with Up-Data Link - Astronaut EQUIPMENT OPERATING - Dual MCR-503 Command Helmet Antenna. C Destruct Receivers. K. LAUNCH ESCAPE SYSTEM - provides thrust for D. S-11/S-IVB INTERSTAGE ADAPTER - transmits abort from liftoff through S-11 full thrust buildup. thrust forces from S-11 to S-IVB. E. S-IVB (THIRD STAGE) - thrust for injection of ve- OTHER EQUIPMENT hic/e into earth orbit and thrust for injection of vehicle LAUNCH SITE CHECKOUT EQUIPMENT - final into earth-to-moon trajectory; flight data via telemetry checkout of spacecraft and launch vehicle prior to launch. and command destruct link. MOTOROLA EQUIPMENT MOTOROLA EQUIPMENT OPERATING - Acceptance OPERATING - S-Band Transponder. Checkout Equipment (ACE) Digital Test Command F. INSTRUMENT UNIT - guidance and control for the System (DTCS). three launch vehicle stages; flight data via radar track- TRACKING AND GROUND CONTROL EQUIPMENT - ing and telemetry, and command link. MOTOROLA transmits signals and receives and processes data from 2 EQUIPMENT OPERATING - C-Band Transponder. the Apollo Spacecraft during the various phases of the mission from launch to return to earth; the signals in SPACE VEHICLE 1 clude tracking, telemetry, voice, television and command LAUNCH G. LAUNCH VEHICLE/SERVICE MODULE INTER- systems, and the necessary point-to-point communica VEHICLE STAGE ADAPTER - transmits thrust forces from launch tions system. MOTOROLA EQUIPMENT OPERATING - vehicle to service module/command module and houses Manned Space Flight Net RF Subsystem - Deep Space A lunar excursion module. Net RF Subsystem. H. LUNAR EXCURSION MODULE - lunar landing and DEVELOPMENT TEST AND CHECKOUT EQUIPMENT takeoff: 1) landing stage provides the thrust for lunar - rigorous inspections and tests systematically carried descent orbits, deceleration, descent, hovering, and land- out on each individual part, on the units formed by the ing; 2) ascent stage provides the thrust for lunar launch parts, on the subsystem or system formed by the units, and injection into lunar orbit - Unified S-band used to I and finally, on the complete spacecraft. MOTOROLA I provide radar tracking, telemetry, two-way voice and tele- EQUIPMENT OPERATING - Pseudo Random Noise vision to earth ground stations; VHF voice communica- Ranging Test Set - FM Modulator /Demodulator - tions and telemetry radar tracking from LEM to command S-Band Systems Test Set - Doppler Simulator - Space ,JI module; VHF voice communications from command craft GOSS Integration Test Set - S-Band FM/PM Test ll\11 - ■ module to LEM; two-way voice communications between Receivers - S-Band Transponder Test Set.