Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Scoping Document Table of Contents January 2013

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Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Scoping Document Table of Contents January 2013 Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Scoping Document January 2013 Department of Transportation, Government of the NWT Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Project Number: 123510598 Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Scoping Document Table of Contents January 2013 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 PROJECT APPROVALS............................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING DOCUMENT............................................... 1-5 2 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 PURPOSE OF THE MVH PROJECT ........................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 PROPONENT ............................................................................................................................... 2-3 3 DEVELOPMENT SCOPE ............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 DEVELOPMENT LOCATION ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 PREFERRED ALIGNMENT AND ALTERNATIVES ..................................................................... 3-2 3.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................................... 3-11 3.3.1 Operational Design Parameters ................................................................................. 3-11 3.3.2 Site Specific Considerations ....................................................................................... 3-11 3.3.3 Incorporation of Traditional Knowledge ...................................................................... 3-12 3.4 DEVELOPMENT PHASES AND SCHEDULE ............................................................................ 3-13 3.4.1 Pre-Construction ......................................................................................................... 3-13 3.4.2 Construction ................................................................................................................ 3-14 3.4.3 Operation and Maintenance ....................................................................................... 3-15 3.5 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION APPROACH................................................................................ 3-15 3.5.1 Embankment Construction ......................................................................................... 3-17 3.5.2 Watercourse Crossings .............................................................................................. 3-19 3.5.3 Borrow Sources .......................................................................................................... 3-21 3.5.3.1 Gwich’in Segment ................................................................................... 3-22 3.5.3.2 K’ahsho Got’ine Segment ....................................................................... 3-23 3.5.3.3 Tulita Segment ........................................................................................ 3-25 3.5.3.4 Dehcho Segment..................................................................................... 3-26 3.5.4 Support Infrastructure and Activities ........................................................................... 3-28 3.5.4.1 Camps and Maintenance Areas .............................................................. 3-28 3.5.4.2 Staging Areas .......................................................................................... 3-28 3.5.4.3 Access/Haul Roads ................................................................................. 3-29 3.5.4.4 Airstrips and Helipads ............................................................................. 3-29 3.5.4.5 Barge Landings ....................................................................................... 3-29 3.5.4.6 Explosives ............................................................................................... 3-30 3.5.4.7 Fuel and Fuel Storage ............................................................................. 3-30 3.5.4.8 Water Use ............................................................................................... 3-31 3.5.4.9 Waste Management ................................................................................ 3-31 3.6 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................... 3-33 3.7 PROGRESSIVE CLOSURE AND RECLAMATION .................................................................... 3-33 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Climate and Climate Change ........................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 i Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Scoping Document Table of Contents January 2013 4.1.3 Terrain ........................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 Permafrost and Ground Ice .......................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.5.1 Taiga Plains Ecozone ............................................................................... 4-4 4.1.5.2 Taiga Cordillera Ecozone .......................................................................... 4-5 4.1.5.3 Rare Plants ................................................................................................ 4-5 4.1.6 Wildlife .......................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.6.1 Barren- Ground Caribou ............................................................................ 4-7 4.1.6.2 Woodland Caribou, Boreal Population ...................................................... 4-8 4.1.6.3 Moose ........................................................................................................ 4-8 4.1.6.4 Grizzly and Black Bears ............................................................................ 4-8 4.1.6.5 Wolf ........................................................................................................... 4-9 4.1.6.6 Red Fox and Arctic Fox ............................................................................. 4-9 4.1.6.7 Wolverine .................................................................................................. 4-9 4.1.6.8 Lynx ........................................................................................................... 4-9 4.1.6.9 Marten ..................................................................................................... 4-10 4.1.6.10 Beaver and Muskrat ................................................................................ 4-10 4.1.7 Birds ............................................................................................................................ 4-10 4.1.7.1 Waterfowl and Waterbirds ....................................................................... 4-10 4.1.7.2 Raptors .................................................................................................... 4-12 4.1.7.3 Upland Birds ............................................................................................ 4-12 4.1.8 Amphibians and Reptiles ............................................................................................ 4-13 4.1.9 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 4-13 4.1.10 Fish and Fish Habitat .................................................................................................. 4-14 4.1.10.1 Burbot ...................................................................................................... 4-14 4.1.10.2 Lake Whitefish ......................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.10.3 Round Whitefish ...................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.10.4 Cisco ....................................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.10.5 Inconnu .................................................................................................... 4-18 4.1.10.6 Mountain Whitefish .................................................................................. 4-19 4.1.10.7 Northern Pike .......................................................................................... 4-19 4.1.10.8 Lake Trout ..............................................................................................
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