Comparing English and Swedish Course Materials in Terms of Presenting Prosody and Accent Variation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Comparing English and Swedish Course Materials in Terms of Presenting Prosody and Accent Variation TAKING IT A TAD FURTHER: COMPARING ENGLISH AND SWEDISH COURSE MATERIALS IN TERMS OF PRESENTING PROSODY AND ACCENT VARIATION A Master’s thesis Anni Salenius University of Jyväskylä Department of languages English October 2011 ! ! JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten laitos Tekijä – Author Anni Salenius Työn nimi – Title TAKING IT A TAD FURTHER: COMPARING ENGLISH AND SWEDISH COURSE MATERIALS IN TERMS OF PRESENTING PROSODY AND ACCENT VARIATION Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Englannin kieli Pro gradu -tutkielma Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages Lokakuu 2011 129 Tiivistelmä – Abstract Tämän tutkimuksen aiheena on prosodian ja aksenttivariaatioiden esiintyminen lukion englannin ja ruotsin oppikirjamateriaaleissa. Ääntämisen opetusta ja osaamista on koulutuksen piirissä ensisijaisesti tutkittu segmentaalien näkökulmaa painottaen, vaikka nimenomaisesti prosodisten ainesten on todettu vaikuttavan puheen ymmärrettävyyteen segmentaalitarkkuutta enemmän. Aksenttivariaatiot ovat niin ikään vaikuttava tekijä puheen suurien linjojen piirissä, ja niiden eroihin vaikuttaa segmentaalimuutosten lisäksi prosodinen vaihtelu. Prosodian käsite itsessään sisältää yksittäisten äänteiden yliset ilmiöt, jotka voidaan jakaa kolmeen osa-alueeseen: äänteiden kvantiteettiin (paino ja pituus), kvaliteettiin (sävel ja intonaatio) sekä näiden yhdistämiseen puheeksi (reduktio ja rytmi). Kaikilla näillä kolmella on vahva suhde aksenttivariaatioiden syntyyn; toisin sanoen aksenttivariaatiot ovat seuraamuksia prosodisesta vaihtelusta segmentaalierojen lisäksi. Näin ollen ne kuuluvat läheisesti tutkittavaan aihealueeseen. Tutkimuksessa käytetty data koostui 22:sta lukion pakollisten kurssien oppikirjasta, joista englannin kielen osuus oli 12 ja ruotsin 10. Kirjasarjoja oli yhteensä neljä, ja ne olivat mahdollisimman tuoreita julkaisuja. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa käytettiin sarjoihin liittyviä audio- ja verkkomateriaalia. Aineisto rajattiin koskemaan sitä materiaalia, jota opiskelija voi käyttää itsenäisesti ilman opettajaa. Data käsiteltiin teorialähtöisesti laadullisen tutkimuksen periaatteita noudattaen sekä hyödyntäen määrällisen tutkimuksen keinoja tulosten selkiyttämiseksi. Tulokset paljastavat, että prosodiaa ja aksenttivariaatioita käsitellään rajatusti ja vaihtelevasti ko. materiaaleissa. Helposti esitettävään muotoon asetettavat osa-alueet ja perinteiset standardivariaatiot ovat erityisen hallitsevassa asemassa, mikä antaa opiskelijalle rajalliset valmiudet hahmottaa ääntämistä kokonaisuutena ja tuottaa omaa, yhtenäistä puhetta. Sarjojen väliset eroavaisuudet myös aiheuttavat epätasa-arvoisuutta käyttäjäryhmien kesken. Vastaisuudessa olisi syytä tutkia mm. materiaalin toteutettavuutta käytännössä sekä opettajien valmiuksia opettaa prosodiaa ja aksenttivariaatioita. Asiasanat – Keywords pronunciation, prosody, accent variation, textbooks, upper secondary school Säilytyspaikka – Depository Kielten laitos; JYX Muita tietoja – Additional information ! ! Foreword The present thesis is a result of personal and professional interests brought together, a culmination of a process that began in 2008 on an introductory course in textbook analysis. My studying pronunciation teaching in Finnish textbooks has since proceeded steadily from the final essay for the aforementioned course to a Candidate’s thesis and finally to this stage, where previously learned information is combined with new and developed even further. My own motivation to study educational materials is due to teacher training and, thus, my own needs in the future; looking at these materials from a certain point of view has brought me to new areas in the process. The reason for the curiosity towards pronunciation in particular is the result of my being heavily dependent on auditory language input and prone to imitating different models of speech; motivation to learn new aspects and to delve deeper into phonetic and phonological theory have definitely been influential when selecting a field of specialisation. For helping me achieve this goal I would like to thank my supervisors Anne Pitkänen-Huhta, Sinikka Lahtinen, and Mikko Kuronen at the Department of Languages. A special thanks goes to Elina Tergujeff (Doctoral student at the Department of Languages) for invaluable advice and support. Finally, it should be noted that the present thesis has been acknowledged as a joint project of two subjects, English and Swedish. ! ! TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................13 2. ORAL LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND PRONUNCIATION – AN OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................15 2.1. Oral communication..........................................................................................15 2.2. Pronunciation in oral communication............................................................17 2.3. Pronunciation related terminology.................................................................21 2.4. Teaching pronunciation....................................................................................25 2.5. Previous research...............................................................................................30 2.6. The present study in context............................................................................33 3. PROSODY AND ACCENT VARIATION.............................................................35 3.1. Prosody of a language.......................................................................................35 3.1.1. Prosodic elements .......................................................................................35 3.1.2. Stress and length .........................................................................................38 3.1.3. Tone and intonation....................................................................................44 3.1.4. Connected speech........................................................................................48 3.2. Accent variation .................................................................................................52 4. THE PRESENT STUDY ...........................................................................................58 4.1. Research motivation and research questions ................................................58 4.2. Data......................................................................................................................61 4.3. Methods...............................................................................................................64 5. RESULTS....................................................................................................................67 5.1. Prosody................................................................................................................68 5.1.1. English ..........................................................................................................68 5.1.1.1. Open Road ....................................................................................68 5.1.1.2. English United .............................................................................78 5.1.2. Swedish.........................................................................................................89 5.1.2.1. Galleri ...........................................................................................89 5.1.2.2. Magnet..........................................................................................92 5.2. Accent variation .................................................................................................99 5.2.1. English ..........................................................................................................99 5.2.1.1. Open Road ....................................................................................99 5.2.1.2. English United ...........................................................................103 5.2.2. Swedish.......................................................................................................107 5.2.2.1. Galleri .........................................................................................107 5.2.2.2. Magnet........................................................................................110 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ...................................................................114 BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................................123 ! ! LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1 The position of prosody.................................................................................36 Table 2 The number of prosody-related exercises in Open Road ...........................68 Table 3 The number of prosody-related exercises in English United.....................78 Table 4 The number of prosody-related exercises in Galleri ..................................89 Table 5 The number of prosody-related exercises in Magnet.................................92 Table 6 Different accent variants in the student’s audio files for Open Road.....101 Table 7 Different accent variants in the student’s CDs for English United ........105 Table 8 Different accent variants in the student’s audio files for Galleri............108 Table 9 Different accent variants in the student’s CDs for Magnet .....................110 Figure 1 Categorisation and interrelation
Recommended publications
  • Equity in Education Thematic Review
    EQUITY IN EDUCATION THEMATIC REVIEW SWEDEN COUNTRY NOTE Ides Nicaise Gosta Esping-Andersen Beatriz Pont Pat Tunstall Review visit: February 2005 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Objectives and organisation of the thematic review......................................................................... 3 1.2 Participation of Sweden in the review.............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Structure of the paper ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION – THE GENERAL CONTEXT ........................................................ 5 2.1 Sweden: a strong egalitarian tradition .............................................................................................. 5 2.2 Educational achievement, attainment and literacy levels................................................................. 6 2.3 The educational system and recent policy reforms .......................................................................... 9 2.4 Structure of the school system........................................................................................................ 10 2.5 Conclusion – issues for debate ....................................................................................................... 13 3. THE CONCEPT OF EQUITY IN THE SWEDISH
    [Show full text]
  • Migrant and Refugee Integration in Stockholm
    MIGRANT AND REFUGEE INTEGRATION IN STOCKHOLM A SCOPING NOTE [Regional Development Series] Migrant and Refugee Integration in Stockholm A Scoping Note About CFE The OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities provides comparative statistics, analysis and capacity building for local and national actors to work together to unleash the potential of entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized enterprises, promote inclusive and sustainable regions and cities, boost local job creation, and support sound tourism policies. www.oecd.org/cfe/|@OECD_local © OECD 2019 This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any statistical data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. │ 3 Table of contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 7 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Key data.................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Equity in Education Thematic Review
    EQUITY IN EDUCATION THEMATIC REVIEW COUNTRY ANALYTICAL REPORT SWEDEN Ministry of Education and Science of Sweden December 2004 EQUITY IN EDUCATION: COUNTRY ANALYTICAL REPORT – SWEDEN Ministry of Education and Science Sweden Per Båvner E-mail [email protected] 19 December 2004 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EQUITY IN EDUCATION: COUNTRY ANALYTICAL REPORT – SWEDEN ....................................... 2 SECTION I: CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1: Sweden’s context and current equity situation ......................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: The Swedish education system.................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 3: Social stratification.................................................................................................................. 11 SECTION II: OPPORTUNITIES AND OUTCOMES ................................................................................ 16 Chapter 4: Profile of equity in education .................................................................................................. 16 SECTION III: CAUSES AND EXPLANATIONS ...................................................................................... 23 Chapter 5: Understanding the causes of inequity..................................................................................... 23 SECTION III: POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND INITIATIVES............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Key to Integration?
    The Key to Integration? A Study of Language as a Policy Strategy for Social Integration of Immigrants in Sweden Laureta Xhelili Rogova Master of Science in Welfare Policies and Management Thesis supervisor: Ylva Stubbergaard Department of Political Science Lund University June 2014 Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all who made this thesis possible. I am grateful to the Department of Political Science at Lund University for giving me the opportunity to constantly learn and develop as a student. I want to thank my supervisor, Ylva Stubbergaard, for her enthusiastic encouragement and useful feedback throughout this whole process. My grateful thanks are also extended to all interview participants for their valuable inputs. I also wish to thank my family: my lovely parents for being the best role models any child could ever have; my amazing brother and sister for always being there for me; and my wonderful husband for his patience, support and above all, his unconditional love. I am truly blessed to have you in my life. Last but not least, I want to thank my best friend, Emma Andersson, for believing in me and giving me the necessary pep-talks whenever I need it. Abstract The objectives of the Swedish integration policy are for everyone in Sweden to enjoy equal rights, obligations, and opportunities. The main focus of the policy is on early and individual efforts in language learning so that people who come to Sweden can get a job and live independently. This thesis addresses this issue by seeking to identify and analyze the challenges of integration in Sweden and specifically understand how language learning as a policy strategy helps in the social integration of immigrants into Swedish society.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Education for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Sweden: Provision and Governance
    Language Education for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Sweden: Provision and Governance Erica Righard Henrik Emilsson Klara Öberg Malmö University 1. Introduction 1 2. Research Methodology 2 3. Contextualising ‘Language’ in Sweden 3 4. History of Swedish Language Education and Training 4 4.1 Sequential development 5 4.2 Enduring and contested issues 9 4.3 The role of civil society 10 5. Educational Practices in a Comparative Perspective 11 5.1 Admittance and financial allowance for new arrivals 12 5.5.2 Program and course curricula 12 5.5.3 Students, study hours and study results in a nation-wide perspective 14 5.3.1 Number of students 14 5.3.2 Study hours 15 5.3.3 Study results 16 5.4 National steering and local experiences of organisation and funding 17 5.4.1 National steering 17 5.4.2 Local experiences 18 5.5 Collaboration in a regional and local perspective 21 5.5.1 Regional collaboration 22 5.5.2 Vertical collaboration 23 5.5.3 Horizontal collaboration 24 5.6 Contested areas in the local implementation of Swedish for immigrants 26 5.6.1 Language education vs. labour market training 26 5.6.2 Study results 27 5.7 Gender dimemsions 28 6. ‘Lanugage Introduction’ in Upper Secondary Education 28 6.1 Admittance for newly arrived students with varying legal status 29 6.1.1 The upper secondary education act (Gymnasielagen) 29 6.2 National regulation and local variation 30 6.3 The students 31 6.4 Local experiences of Language Introduction – the case of Malmö 32 7.
    [Show full text]
  • FULLTEXT01.Pdf Blackledge, A., & Creese, A
    Education Inquiry ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/zedu20 Teaching for a monolingual school? (In)visibility of multilingual perspectives in Swedish teacher education Carina Hermansson , Annika Norlund Shaswar , Jenny Rosén & Åsa Wedin To cite this article: Carina Hermansson , Annika Norlund Shaswar , Jenny Rosén & Åsa Wedin (2021): Teaching for a monolingual school? (In)visibility of multilingual perspectives in Swedish teacher education, Education Inquiry, DOI: 10.1080/20004508.2021.1885588 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1885588 © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 14 Feb 2021. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=zedu20 EDUCATION INQUIRY https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1885588 Teaching for a monolingual school? (In)visibility of multilingual perspectives in Swedish teacher education Carina Hermansson a, Annika Norlund Shaswara, Jenny Rosén b and Åsa Wedin c aUmeåUniversity, Sweden; bStockholm University, Sweden; cDalarna University, Sweden ABSTRACT This article analyses the knowledge about linguistic and cultural diversity that is delineated in the syllabi of teacher education KEYWORDS programmes for pre-, primary and secondary schools at two Teacher education; Swedish universities. A quantitative search for 14 chosen keywords multilingualism; Sweden; preceded a closer analysis of the concepts *language* and *cultur*, linguistic diversity; cultural when using truncation, in 192 syllabi. This showed that linguistic diversity diversity was to a certain extent evident, mainly through the subjects Swedish and English, while for one university cultural diversity was mainly identified in the syllabi of Educational Work and English.
    [Show full text]
  • AUTHOR Swedish Research and Debate About Bilingualism
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 228 843 FL 013 603 AUTHOR Paulston, Christina Bratt TITLE Swedish Research and Debate About Bilingualism. A Critical Review of the Swedish Research and Debate about Bilingualism and Bilingual Education in Sweden from an International Perspective. INSTITUTION National Swedish Board of Education, Stockholm. PUB DATE Oct 82 NOTE 76p, PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Bilingual Education; *Bilingualism; *Educational Policy; Educational Research; Immigrants; Language of Instruction; *Language Planning; Language Research; Swedish IDENTIFIERS Sweden ABSTRACT Swedish research and opinion on bilingualism, language policy, and bilingual education in Sweden isreviewed. The Swedish debate on language planning and bilingual educationrevolves around two perspectives: structural-functional theoryand conflict theory. Swedish research consists priMarily ofstatistical and descriptive studies rather than hypothesis testing. Itis generally policy oriented and written from a structural-functionalperspective. A distinction is drawn between languageCultivation and language policy approaches to issues of language planning. Mostof the decisions about the schooling of immigrant children in Swedenhave been policy decisions which cannot be assessedaccording to linguistic criteria. Issues addressed by Swedishbilingual education research include semilingualism, biculturalism andcontrastive culture, Swedish xenophobia, medium of instruction,third language learning, and linguistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    PRONUNCIATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING Conference Dates and Location September 19-21, 2013 Iowa State University Ames, Iowa, USA 5th Annual Proceedings EDITORS John Levis, Iowa State University Shannon McCrocklin, University of Texas Pan American PRONUNCIATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING 5th Annual Proceedings Table of Contents Turning the Corner ........................................................................................................................... 1 John Levis, Iowa State University Shannon McCrocklin, University of Texas Pan-American Intelligibility An instrumental account of the intelligibility of [ʌ] in seven varieties of L2 Englishes. ............. 11 Ettien Koffi, St. Cloud State University Final stops or not? The importance of final consonants for an intelligible accent. ....................... 22 Elisabeth Zetterholm, Linnaeus University Instructional approaches Dictation programs for pronunciation learner empowerment. ...................................................... 30 Shannon McCrocklin, University of Texas Pan American Listening and pronunciation need separate models of speech. ...................................................... 40 Richard Cauldwell, Speech in Action, Birmingham, UK Comparing online vs. face-to-face classes: A case study of a French pronunciation class. ......... 45 Anne Violin-Wigent, Michigan State University Fair Dinkum. L2 Spanish pronunciation in Australia by the book. .............................................. 58 William Steed (James Cook University)
    [Show full text]
  • From Family Language Practices to Family Language Policies: Children As Socializing Agents
    From family language practices to family language policies: Children as socializing agents Mina Kheirkhah Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 676 Department of Thematic Studies – Child Studies Linköping University, Sweden Linköping 2016 Linköping Studies in Arts and Science ☻No. 676 At the Faculty of Arts and Science at Linköping University, research and doctoral studies are carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in inter- disciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. This thesis comes from the Department of Thematic Studies – Child Studies. Distributed by: Department of Thematic Studies – Child Studies Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden Mina Kheirkhah From family language practices to family language policies: Children as socializing agents Edition 1:1 ISBN 978-91-7685-794-6 ISSN 0282-9800 © Mina Kheirkhah, 2016 Department of Thematic Studies – Child Studies Cover page photo is taken by Ghazaleh Rajabzadeh Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2016 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 5 The thesis ......................................................................................................... 7 Aims of the study ............................................................................................. 7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FONETIK 2018 the Xxxth Swedish Phonetics Conference Gothenburg, June 7–8
    Proceedings FONETIK 2018 The XXXth Swedish Phonetics Conference Gothenburg, June 7–8 音声学 Preface The XXX on the front page of this volume is not a place holder for an exact Roman numeral, but this year’s conference is in fact the thirtieth Swedish Phonetics Conference. Only twice have we not had the annual phonetics meeting, once in 1995 when ICPhS was held in Stockholm and last year in 2017 when Interspeech was held, also in Stockholm. We hope that this year’s meeting in Gothenburg will be as interesting and enjoyable as all earlier Swedish phonetics meetings, with both old and new members of our community from the Nordic countries and all around the world. We thank Fonetikstiftelsen for generous financial support. Gothenburg, June 2018 Åsa Abelin and Yasuko Nagano-Madsen Proceedings FONETIK 2018 th The XXX Swedish Phonetics Conference, held at University of Gothenburg, June 7–8, 2018 Edited by Åsa Abelin and Yasuko Nagano-Madsen Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science University and Department of Languages and Literatures University of Gothenburg Box 200, SE 405 30 Gothenburg © The Authors and the Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science and Department of Languages and Literatures Printed by Reprocentralen, Humanisten, University of Gothenburg. Cover photo by Monica Havström FONETIK 2018, University of Gothenburg Preface The XXX on the front page of this volume is not a place holder for an exact Roman numeral, but this year’s conference is in fact the thirtieth Swedish Phonetics Conference. Only twice have we not had the annual phonetics meeting, once in 1995 when ICPhS was held in Stockholm and last year in 2017 when Interspeech was held, also in Stockholm.
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish Aspects on Literacy: Selected Papers from the IRA World Congress on Reading (13Th, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 350 567 CS 011 046 AUTHOR Ericson, Britta, Ed. TITLE Swedish Aspects on Literacy: Selected Papers from the IRA World Congress on Reading (13th, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990). SPONS AGENCY Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs, Stockholm (Sweden).; National Swedish Board of Education, Stockholm. REPORT NO ISBN-91-7662-764-0; ISSN-0282-7522 PUB DATE 91 NOTE 169p. AVAILABLE FROMDept. of Education and Psychology, Linkoping University, S-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) Reports Research /Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adults; Childrens Literature; Developing Nations; Dyslexia; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; *Literacy; Parent Role; Reading Difficulties; *Reading Instruction; Reading Research; Writing for Publication; *Writing Instruction IDENTIFIERS *Sweden ABSTRACT This book presents articles that deal with literacy, both in a scientific, as well as in a practical and experiential way. Papers in the book are: "Opening Address" (Birgitta Ulvhammar); "Illiteracy: A Global Problem" (Eve Malmquist); "Swedish Cooperation with Developing Countries in the Field of Literacy" (Agneta Lind); "The International Literacy Year in Sweden--A Journey through a Changing Landscape" (Kenneth Abrahamsson); "A Decade of Reading Research in Sweden" (Ingvar Lundberg); "Who Takes the Second Chance?" (Staffan Larsson); "Reading Our Future--Swedish Policies for Adult Literacy, Work Transformation and Active Citizenship" (Kenneth Abrahamsson); "Weak Readers in the
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish KELLY: Technical Report
    GU-ISS-2012-03 Swedish KELLY: Technical report Volodina Elena Johansson Kokkinakis Sofie Forskningsrapporter från institutionen för svenska språket, Göteborgs universitet Research Reports from the Department of Swedish ISSN 1401-5919 www.svenska.gu.se/publikationer/GU-ISS Contents Introduction......................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the report.....................................................................................3 Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR)..............4 General on vocabulary learning and on the use of frequency-based wordlists 5 Available wordlists for Swedish language learners...........................................6 2. Pre-translation phase.....................................................................................9 2.1 Corpora availability for Swedish...............................................................10 2.2 Working with SweWAC.............................................................................12 2.2.1 Lemmatizing and POS-tagging SweWAC ...........................................12 2.2.2 The notion of “lemma” in the Swedish KELLY-list...............................13 2.2.3 Lemgrams: SketchEngine and frequency measures..........................15 2.3 Processing M1 word list............................................................................15 2.3.1 Principles for POS-selection................................................................15 2.3.2 Identifying and filtering
    [Show full text]