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Copyrighted Material bindex.qxd 7/12/06 9:58 AM Page 293 Index Adams, Abigail, 109, 191, 198, 228, Arnold, Benedict, 151 266–267 Articles of Confederation, 173, 174 Adams, John, 87, 95, 96, 187, 197, 220, 239, 253, 269 Baker, John, 77 as admirer of Washington, 101–102 Barlow, Thomas Oldham, 160 criticism of, 260 Bassett, Burwell, 83, 89, 105, 121, 214 and hostilities with France, 251–252 Bassett, Fanny. See Washington, Fanny as president-elect, 237–238 Bassett as vice president, 198, 227–228 Bassett, Nancy, 83, 89, 91, 105, 113, on Washington’s death, 265 121–122 Adams, John Quincy, 228, 237 Bastille, Washington presented with key Adams, Samuel, 100, 102 to, 199–200 Alexandria Academy, 179, 259 Belvoir American Revolution sale of, 94 American victories in, 112, 125–127 social life at, 14–15 Cornwallis’s surrender, 137–138 Bloxham, James, 168 discouraging defeats suffered during, Boston Tea Party, 87, 91–92 116–117, 121 Boucher, Jonathan, 64–65, 66, 72, early days,COPYRIGHTED 106–107 MATERIAL74–75, 78 French support for, 123–24, 132–134 Braddock, Edward, 25, 26, 27, 29 Washington as commander during, Brandywine, battle of, 121 102–104, 107, 108, 114–115, Bunker Hill, battle of, 106 116–118, 128, 139 Burgesses. See Virginia House of Amson, John, 33–34 Burgesses animal husbandry at Mount Vernon, 170–172 Cabot, George, 228 Arlington National Cemetery, 271 Calvert, Benedict, 80 293 bindex.qxd 7/12/06 9:58 AM Page 294 294 index Calvert, Charles, 81 Custis, George Washington Parke Carlyle, Sarah, 23 (“Washy,” Martha’s grandson), 136, Carter, Robert “King,” 10 154, 155, 158, 188, 189, 218, 257, Cary & Co., 44, 49, 50, 51, 59, 60 259, 270, 271 Cato (Addison), 52 in the military, 254–255 Charleston, S.C., 140 at Princeton, 235–236, 240 cherry-tree myth, 6–7 Washington’s advice to, 236, 237, Clinton, George, 150–151, 163, 187 243, 247–248, 249–250 Committee of Correspondence, 78–79 Washington’s frustrations with, Constitutional Convention, 176–177, 241–244, 250–251 178–179 Custis, John Parke (“Jacky,” Martha’s Continental Congress, First son), 34, 79, 87, 89, 105, 109, 241 Washington’s role in, 94–96, 97 during the American Revolution, Continental Congress, Second, 98–99, 120–121, 137, 138 101–102 children of, 140–141 Cooper, Myles, 82, 85 daughters born to, 115, 122 Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 137–138 death, 138 Craik, James, 183, 262, 263, 264 as difficult young man, 72, 74–75 Crawford, Valentine, 89–90, 93 education, 64–66, 72 Crawford, William, 62–63, 73, 85, 89, engagement to Nelly Calvert, 79–82 135 expresses gratitude to Washington, Cromwell, Oliver, 9 113–114 crop rotation, Washington’s interest in, George and Martha’s indulgence of, 166, 168–169, 222, 261 50–51, 60 Cushing, William, 217 at King’s College, 82–83, 84, 85 Custis, Daniel Parke, 34 marriage, 88 Custis, Eleanor Calvert (“Nelly,” musical education, 48 Martha’s daughter-in-law), 83, 84, poor judgment in business affairs, 129, 85, 89, 109, 141, 153, 250 131–132 daughters born to, 115, 122 privateer purchased by, 120–121, 124 engagement to Jacky Custis, 81–82 Custis, Martha (Martha’s marriage, 88 granddaughter), 188, 260 pregnancy, 112 Custis, Martha Dandridge. See Custis, Eleanor Parke (“Nelly,” Martha’s Washington, Martha Dandridge granddaughter), 154, 155, 158, 188, Custis 189, 191–192, 218, 234–235, 249, 255–257, 259, 260 Dandridge, Bartholomew, 140–141, 221, Custis, Elizabeth, 188 225 Custis, Frances Parke (“Patcy,” Martha’s Dandridge, Martha. See Washington, daughter), 34, 79 Martha Dandridge Custis death of, 83–84 Deane, Silas, 95 George and Martha’s indulgence of, Declaration of Independence, 114, 184 60 Delaware River, Washington’s crossing health problems, 54, 62, 63, 66–67, 72 of, 117–18 musical education, 48 Dickinson, John, 69, 152, 164 bindex.qxd 7/12/06 9:58 AM Page 295 index 295 Dinwiddie, Robert, 19, 20, 21, 23, 31, 32 hostilities with after the Revolution, Dismal Swamp Land Company, 57 227, 231, 251–252, 257 Dixon, Jeremiah, 62 See also French and Indian War; Dogue Creek, 71–72 French Revolution; Lafayette, Dunmore, Lord, 79, 85, 91, 105, 108 marquis de defeat of, 111–112 Franklin, Benjamin, 82 hostile actions taken by, 92, 97, 100, Franklin, William, 82 109 Fraunces, Samuel, 151, 188 ruling on land ownership, 99 Fraunces Tavern, 151 Dunmore’s War, 91, 97 Frederick County, Va., 35 Freeman, Douglas Southall, 4 East India Company, 91 Freemasons, 19, 265 Eden, Robert, 77, 80, 81, 85 French and Indian War, 19–20, 25–28, England. See Great Britain 31–32, 40 Evans, Joshua, 67 French Revolution, 193, 199–200, 218, Evans, Oliver, 172–173 231 as divisive issue in the United States, Fairfax, Ann, 14, 19, 24 219–220 Fairfax, Bryan, 93, 94 Fairfax, George William, 15, 16, 28, 33, Gage, Thomas, 82 36 Gates, Horatio, 100, 101 chooses to remain in England, 93–94 Genet, Edmond, 219–220 as friend of George and Martha George III, King, 108 Washington, 48, 61, 84, 150 Gibbon, Edward, 183 Fairfax, Lord, 10, 14, 16, 18 Great Britain Fairfax, Sally, 28, 33, 93 boycott of imports from, 68–70 as friend of George and Martha early hostilities with, 97–100 Washington, 48, 61, 84, 150 national debt of, 58–59 relationship with Washington, 36–37, response to Boston Tea Party, 91–93 38 taxes imposed by, 59, 60–61 Fairfax, [Colonel] William, 14, 15, 19, See also American Revolution; Jay 28, 32, 37 Treaty Federal City, 221 Great Meadows, 26, 27 Ferry Farm, 13–14 Greene, Nathanael, 163, 174–175 flooding of Virginia farmland, 76 Grenville, George, 59 Forbes, John, 35, 37 Fort Cumberland, 26, 30, 225 Hale, Nathan, 52 Fort Dunmore, 89 Hale, Thomas, 170 Fort Du Quesne, 23, 26, 35, 37–38, 39, 73 Hamilton, Alexander, 123, 133, 139, Fort Necessity, 23, 73, 74, 75 163, 182, 229–230, 231 Fort Pitt, 89, 92 feud with Jefferson, 205, 206 France as military leader, 125, 126, 137, 225, as American ally during the 253 Revolutionary War, 123–124, 133, pressures Washington to continue as 136–137, 219 president, 210–211 bindex.qxd 7/12/06 9:58 AM Page 296 296 index Hamilton, Alexander (continued) Lafayette, George-Washington, resignation, 227 244–246, 248, 255, 270 as secretary of the treasury, 197, 223 as diplomatic dilemma for Washington as father figure to, 118, Washington, 228–232 119–120 Washington as godfather to, 133–134 Hammond, George, 214 Lafayette, marquis de (Gilbert du Motier Hancock, John, 100, 101, 184, 193 de La Fayette), 119–120, 139, 270 Hanson, Samuel, 179, 180–181, 183 in Denmark, 248–249 Harrison, Benjamin, 157 and the French Revolution, 193, Harvard College, 112 199–200 headrights, 10 as military leader, 125–126 Henry, Patrick, 78, 91, 94, 98–99, 161, released by Austrians, 244 258 on slavery, 144–145 Hopkinson, Francis, 166 taken captive by Austrians, 211, Houdon, Antoine, 165–166 213–214 House of Burgesses. See Virginia House Washington’s concerns for, 205 of Burgesses as Washington’s supporter and friend, Howe, William, 113, 116 123, 129–131, 132–134, 158–163, 170–171, 192–193, 255 international turmoil, during Lafayette, Virginie de, 143 Washington’s administration, Latrobe, Benjamin, 234 204–205 Laurens, Henry, 127 Intolerable Acts, 93 Laurens, John, 119, 123, 126, 127, 139, 140 Jay, John, 173, 181, 223, 229 Lear, Benjamin Lincoln, 204, 220 Jay Treaty, 227, 229, 231 Lear, Tobias, 174, 187, 188, 190, 204, Jefferson, Thomas, 2, 78, 91, 114, 164, 205–206, 259 165–166, 200, 201, 202, 208, 238 as manager of Mount Vernon, 167–168 feud with Hamilton, 205, 206, as military leader, 253–254 210–211 proposes marriage to Fanny Bassett as secretary of state, 197, 219, 220 Washington, 224–225 Jewish congregation, Washington meets at Washington’s death, 261–265 with, 202 as Washington’s secretary, 185 and wife’s death, 220–221 Kalb, Johann, 124 Lee, Charles, 101, 125–126 King’s College, 80, 82–83 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 57 Knox, Henry, 103, 118, 151, 163, Lee, Henry (“Light-Horse Harry”), 225, 176–177, 182, 187, 210, 227, 238 266 Knox, Lucy, 240–241 Lee, Mary Anna Custis, 271 Lee, Richard Henry, 57, 60, 91 Ladies Association of Mount Vernon, Lee, Robert E., 271 271–272 Lee, Thomas, 57 Lafayette, Adrienne de, 144, 158–159, Lee, William, 57 162, 213–214, 228 Lee, William (Washington’s slave), Lafayette, Anastasie de, 159, 162 258–259 bindex.qxd 7/12/06 9:58 AM Page 297 index 297 Lewis, Betty Washington (sister), Washington becomes owner of, 19, 76, 82, 156, 179–180, 192, 225, 24–25 241 Washington’s return to after absence, Lewis, Fielding, 100 136, 145, 203, 233, 239 Lewis, George, 225 George Augustine Washington as Lewis, Howell, 221 manager of, 177–178, 184, 191 Lewis, Lawrence, 243, 254, 255, 259 Lund Washington as manager of, 100, Liberty Hall Academy, 259 110–111, 122, 134–135, 167 Lincoln, Benjamin, 164, 167 Livingston, Robert R., 187–188 Noailles, Louis, viscomte de, 137–138 Louis XVI, King, 128, 218 Norfolk, Va., 111–112 Lynch, Thomas, 95 Ohio Company, Washington as director Madison, James, 164, 208 of, 19–20 Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume Otis, Samuel, 187 de Lamoignon de, 147 Mason, Charles, 62 Peale, Charles Willson, 77–78, 87–88, Mason, George, 68 110 Mason-Dixon line, 62 Pearce, William, 221 Mayeur, Jean Pierre le, 163 Pendleton, Edmund, 94, 100 McHenry, James, 234 Penn, Richard, 82 Mercer, George, 38 Penn, William, 82, 94 Mississippi Land Company, 57 Peter, Martha Parke Custis, 260 Monmouth, battle of, 125–127 Philadelphia, College of, 204 Monroe, James, 228 Pickering, Timothy, 229 Morris, Gouverneur, 182, 260 Pine, Robert Edge, 156, 165 Morris, Robert, 148, 164, 177 Plenius, John, 48 Mount Vernon, 14, 160 Potomac Company, 164 additions and alterations, 35, 86 Potomac River waterway, 71, 77, 163–164
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