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K26-04619-1978-V23-N05.Pdf TexascaveRthe Volume23, No.5, 1978 CONTENTS The TEXAS CAVER is a bimonthly publication ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF TROGLOBITIC of the Texas Speleological Association (TSAJ PAELOMONIDS, Ned Strenth ..•••.••• . 67 an internal organi2ation of the National ' INFO ON RISTO WANTED, W.R. Elliott .••• 69 Speleological Society (NSS) and is published THE GALVESTON RIG, Bill Farr .....••.•. 70 by James Jasek in Waco, Texas. GROSSER'S SINK REVISITED, D.J. McAdoo.71 SUBSCRIPTIONS GROSSER-SAUR SYSTEM MAP ..........•.•.. 72 are $5.00 per year. Persons THE BERMUDA DEPTHS, Tom Iliffe •..•.... 74 subscribing after the first o.f the yea1:· UJiU receive all back issues for that year. Sin gl ~ SOUTH OF THE BORDER, ~artha McAdoo •... 7J ON CRAWLING, Bill Farr,,, •••••••••• ,,,78 copies are available at 90¢ each, postpaid. GROSSER'S SINK# 2 MAP •••.••• ,,.,,,, •. 79 GROSSER'S SINK# 2, D.J, McAdoo,,,,,.,80 The TEXAS CAVER openly -tnvites contributor>s to submit: articles, reports, news, car-toons cave maps, caving articles, and photographs': COVER PHOTO - Mike Hughes entering the (any si2e print bl-ack & white or color print} formation room of Grosser-Saur system. Photo by Gary Hughes. .for pub Zication in the TEXAS CAVER. CONTENTS PAGE PHOTO - Dave McAdoo climbing Address all SUBSCRIPTIONS and EDITORIAL out of Grosser's sink. Photo by material to the editor: James Jasek, lOZ9 Martha McAdoo Melrose Dr., Waco, Texas ?6?l0. BACK COVER PHOTO - Sam Galbraith entering IWhen sending in a change of address, pls:-.ase Grosser's sink. Photo by Dave McAdoo include your old address. Persons interested in EXCHANGES or FORE IGN subscription.q should direct correspondenc€ ta This issue edited by: Dave McAdoo Assisted by: Martha McAdoo, Chris Price, the editor. Robyn Mellon, Emily Preslar Copyright The Texas Caver 1978 ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NORTH AMERICAN TROGLOBITIC PALAEMONIDS (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA) Ned E. Strenth Department of Biology Angelo State University San Angelo, Texas 76901 Tbe aim of this short report is to fa­ more temperate regions. Wide-spread mili;;.rize the average caver with the bio­ distribution within a group of organisms logL:al importance and current status of is often a desired characteristic when a se 1.ect group of natant (swimming) deca­ undertaking investigations of a zoogeo­ pod :~ rustaceans which have troglobitic graphical nature. Morphological char­ repr-o: sentatives in both Texas and Hexico. acters which are found to be present in It ~r:i.ll also provide a review of rather epigean or troglobitic species of recut literature pertaining to this grou{: Palaemonetes or Macrobrachium in Texas as "·dl as give a feel for the or Mexico may be compared to those of pote. :1tial biological significance of a specimens from Australia, Africa, China, sinf;, i.e collected specimen. South America or the Mediterranean area. 1.te common name "shrimp" is often ap­ The current distributional patterns of plk.: to a variety of different crus­ both epigean and troglobitic species tacr: m orders including the Isopoda, combined with a study of select morpho­ Amp]· :. poda, Mysidacea, and Decapoda. Each logical characte~s may well provide the of t ·~ e above groups have members repre­ answer to past evolutionary and dispersal sent ·-~ d in the subterranean fauna of North patterns of this group. Both genera have Ame: Lea. This report will specifically epigean as well as troglobitic species con: ~ rn only three genera of a single in North America; more importantly Texas fam ly, the Palaemonidae, within the Order and Mexico are home for all the currently De c. ~1oda. The three genera discussed known North American troglobi tic species in i his report represent only a small except f or Palaemonetes cumminigi of north­ por : ion of the troglobi tic decapods which ern Florida. The genus Troglocubanus are at present the subject of multiple differs from Palaemonetes and bio ·ogical investigations. The serious Macrobrachium in that all described species stu ent should become familiar with the are troglobitic, exhibit limited distri­ rec .nt publication "A Review of the butions, and are currently known only Trc .lobitic Decapod Crustaceans of the from the New World. Only six species Amc. icas" by Hobbs, Hobbs and Daniel are currently known, four from Cuba, one (lS., 7) • This review will serve as an from Jamaica, and one from Mexico. In im ,.luable reference to anyone interested addition to the above mentioned character­ in ·iospeleology and more specifically istics, all three genera have received in .roglobitic invertebrates. It lists considerable additions in recent years. 55 >pecies and subspecies belonging to Since Holthuis' (1952) "A General Revision 18 .lifferent genera of decapods. The of the Palaemonidae of the Americas," cm .:ent report will deal with only three ten additional species have been added of :hese genera: Palaemonetes, to the faunal listings of the U.S., Mexico, Mar.~ obrachium, and Troglocubanus. It and Jamaica. More than half of these is ·: his group which I feel provides a have been troglobitic species. In addi­ grLtt potential for solution of a variety tion to these, Hobbs (1973) has also of zoogeographical and biospeleological added the new genus Neopalaemon from quE:s tions. Oaxaca and Holthuis (1974) the new fhe above three genera of Palaemonids genus Bithynops from Chiapas to the aPT,~ar particularly inviting to bio­ Family Palaemonidae. Both Neopalaemon lo;ical investigations for a variety of and Bithynops are troglobitic and each different reasons. Species of contain a single species. Pal aemonetes and Macrobrachium are found The imp9rtance to students of zoogeo­ in most of the warmer parts of the world. graphy of a single collected specimen The genus Macrobrachium exhibits pri­ is exemplified by the somewhat recent mar ily a tropical distribution while discovery of Troglocubanus Sp t! cies of Palaemonetes are found in perezfarfanteae in Sotano de la Ti naja 67 near Valles, San Luis Potosi, Hexico The subgenus Alaocaris which had been by a member of the Association for ~fexican erected by Holthuis (1949) to receive Cave Studies. Prior to the formal de­ the then only known subterranean and scription of this species by Villalobos most aberrant species of the genus, (1974), the exclusively troglobitic Palaemonetes antrorum, was also synony­ genus Troglocubanus was thought to date mized. Discoveries of additional epi­ from no earlier than the Hiocene (approxi­ gean and subterranean species of mately 25 million years ago) time period Palaemonetes since 1949 provide the (Chace and Hobbs, 1969). The presence primary data upon which the synonomy of four species in Cuba and one in Jamaica was based. was also seen as supporting a zoogeo­ Palaemonetes antrorum, which was graphical relationship between the two described from the artesian well at ~slands (Holthuis, 1963). San Marcos in 1896, was long thought The full impact of the discovery to have a distribution restricted to of !· perezfarfanteae on the continental the subterranean waters of San Harcos mainland of North America remains diffi­ in Hays County. Recently Hobbs, Hobbs cult to assess at this early date. and Daniel (1977) reported this species Villalobos (1974), however, feels that from Carson Cave near Mantell in Uvalde the origin of the genus may date from County. This was followed by a paper as early as the Upper Creataceous (approxi­ presented at the 1978 meeting of the mately 65 million years ago), more than Texas Academy of Science in \-lhich Karnei twice as old as previously thought. and Longley (1978) reported !· antrorum Should the genus prove to be as old to be present in collections from ar­ as proposed by Villalobos, students tesian wells near San Antonio. The of zoogeography must critically review exact nature of the presence of this current theories as to the origin and species in these three widespread lo­ dispersal capabilities of the ancestral cations is difficult to determine at Troglocubanus stock. It certainly appears this time. They may represent geneti­ possible that dispersal of the ancestral cally isolated populations or may be group may have taken place under con­ indicative of a single widespread popu-­ ditions when the land nasses currently lation. Only additional collecting comprising Cuba. Jamaica, and Mexico and comparison of specimens from the were contiguous. Schuchert (1935, plates different known localities will answer 7 and 8) proposed such a connection this question. from the Upper Cretaceous through part One quickly realizes that while our of the Eocene - the same time period knowledge of troglobitic species of that Villalobos (1974) tentatively dates Palaemonetes, ~facrobrachium, and the genus Troglocubanus. The timing Troglocubanus_ is substantial and incrF~ - ~ s-• of the subsequent colonization of sub­ ing, it is impossible for biologists terranean habitats still remains unsolved. to locate and collect the unlimited The statement of Chace and Hobbs (1969;22) numbers of suitable subterranean aquaL.e that "the supposed epigean derivatives habitats present in the countless cave: from the original stock were unsuccessful in both Texas and Hexico. It is in and became extinct, leaving albinistic this area of science that the average relicts as the only evidence of their caver can make significant and worth­ existence" still appears today as the while contributions. There are, how­ best estimation of the past history ever, several considerations which sho. cd of this rather uni que group of subterranean be kept in mind should one decide to shrimp. Future finds , similar to that undertake the collection of subterrane. 1 of !· perezfarfanteae, are needed to specimens. The unnecessary taking of supply the information required to answer specimens as well as overcolecting is this unsolved question. pointless. Specimens which are collecc. ~ d Texas has also been the site of several and preserved but never placed in the interesting discoveries in the last hands of competent biologists would couple of years. A second and somewhat better have remained uncollected. Spe l­ unusual species of Palaemonetes, P.
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