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SR Ranganathan AS CINCO LEIS DA BIBLIOTECONOMIA Reproduzido com a gentil permissão do Sr. C. Seshachalam, de Curzon & Co., Madras. Copyright: Curzon & Co. S.R. Ranganathan As Cinco Leis da Biblioteconomia Tradução de Tarcisio Zandonade © Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science. 1963 Esta tradução: © 2009 by Lemos Informação e Comunicação Ltda. Do original inglês: The five laws of library science (2. ed. 1963) Primeira edição original: 1931 Segunda edição: 1957 Reimpressão (com pequenas correções: 1963) Todos os direitos reservados. De acordo com a lei n° 9610, de 19/2/1998, nenhuma parte deste livro pode ser fotocopiada, gravada, reproduzida ou armazenada num sistema de recuperação de informação ou transmitida sob qualquer forma ou por qualquer meio eletrônico ou mecânico sem o prévio consentimento dos autores e do editor. Este livro obedece ao Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990 Capa: Formatos Design Gráfico Ltda. Revisão e notas: Antonio Agenor Briquet de Lemos e Maria Lucia Vilar de Lemos Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (cip) Cãmara Brasileira do Livro, sp, Brasil Ranganathan, S. R., 1892-1972. As cinco leis da biblioteconomia / S.R. Ranganathan ; tradução de Tarcisio Zandonade. – Brasília, df : Briquet de Lemos / Livros, 2009. Título original: The five laws of library science. Bibliografia. isbn 978-85-85637-38-5 1. Biblioteconomia I. Título. 09-06911 cdd 020 Índices para catálogo sistemático: 1. Biblioteconomia 020 2009 Briquet de Lemos / Livros srts - Quadra 701 - Bloco o - Loja 7 Edifício Centro Multiempresarial Brasília, df 70340-000 Telefones (61) 3322 9806 / 3323 1725 www.briquetdelemos.com.br editora@bríquetdelernos.com.br À Querida Memória de Srimati RUKMINI SUMÁRIO Apresentação desta edição xi Prefácio de sir P.S. Sivaswamy Aiyer xix Introdução do Sr. W. C. Berwick Sayers xxi 0 Gênese 1 01 Ingresso na profissão de bibliotecário 1 02 Primeira experiência 1 03 Tendências bibliotecárias 1 04 Método científico 2 05 Enunciado 2 06 Divulgação 3 07 Publicação 4 08 Consequências 5 1 A Primeira Lei 6 11 Princípio fundamental 6 12 Negligência da lei 6 13 Localização da biblioteca 10 14 Horário da biblioteca 15 15 Mobiliário da biblioteca 19 16 Um diálogo 20 17 Pessoal da biblioteca 25 18 Não se enamore dos frutos 49 2 A Segunda Lei e sua luta 50 20 Introdução 50 21 As classes e as massas 51 22 Homens e mulheres 59 23 Os moradores das cidades e os moradores do campo 67 24 O normal e o excepcional 81 25 O coral da biblioteca 86 26 A terra e o mar 87 27 O adulto e a criança 90 28 Democracia ilimitada 92 3 A Segunda Lei e sua digvijaya 94 30 Abrangência 94 vii viii as cinco leis da biblioteconomia 31 Américas 94 32 África do Sul 105 33 Europa oriental 108 34 Escandinávia 118 35 Europa ocidental 123 36 Oceano Pacífico 130 37 Ásia 131 38 Índia 134 4 A Segunda Lei e suas implicações 138 40 Abrangência 138 41 Compromisso do Estado 138 42 Lei estadual de bibliotecas 152 43 Lei das bibliotecas da União 165 44 Sistema bibliotecário 173 45 Sistema de bibliotecas universitárias 176 46 Compromisso da autoridade responsável pela biblioteca 177 47 Compromisso do pessoal da biblioteca 180 48 Compromisso do leitor 184 5 A Terceira Lei 189 50 Enunciado 189 51 Sistema de acesso livre 189 52 Arranjo nas estantes 192 53 Catálogo 194 54 Serviço de referência 197 55 Departamentos populares 198 56 Publicidade 199 57 Serviço de extensão 205 58 Seleção de livros 210 6 A Quarta Lei 211 60 Introdução 211 61 Sistema ‘fechado’ 212 62 Arranjo nas estantes 214 63 Sinalização do recinto das estantes 216 64 Entradas no catálogo 220 65 Bibliografia 225 66 Serviço de referência 228 67 Método de empréstimo 230 68 O tempo do pessoal 236 691 Catalogação centralizada 237 692 Localização da biblioteca 241 sumário ix 7 A Quinta Lei 241 70 Introdução 241 71 Crescimento de tamanho 241 72 Sala do catálogo 249 73 Sistema de classificação 251 74 Leitores e empréstimo de livros 254 75 Pessoal 258 76 Evolução 261 77 Princípio vital 263 8 O método científico, a biblioteconomia e o avanço da digvijaya 264 80 O que é ciência? 264 81 O método científico 266 82 A Segunda Lei e novos tipos de livros e de práticas 276 83 A Terceira Lei e a documentação 278 84 A Quarta Lei e as novas práticas biblioteconômicas 281 85 A Quinta Lei e suas diversas implicações 283 86 Ramos da biblioteconomia 286 87 Ensino e pesquisa 289 88 A marcha da digvijaya 303 Apêndice 1: Especificações para um módulo de estante feito de teca 314 Apêndice 2: Especifícação para uma mesa de periódicos feita de teca 315 Bibliografia 317 Índice 326 Levar conhecimento a quem não o tem e ensinar a todos para que possam discernir o que é certo! Nem mesmo partilhar toda a Terra seria comparável a esta forma de serviço. Manu As cinco leis da biblioteconomia Os livros são para usar A cada leitor seu livro A cada livro seu leitor Poupe o tempo do leitor A biblioteca é um organismo em crescimento xi APRESENTAÇÃO DESTA EDIÇÃO Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892–1972) nasceu em Shiyali, no esta- do de Madras, hoje Tamil Nadu, na Índia. Bibliotecário e pensador, sua produção intelectual e seus feitos profissionais tornaram-no conhecido como o ‘pai da biblioteconomia indiana’. Este livro foi editado pela pri- meira vez em 1931. E por que, depois de tanto tempo, ainda se lê este livro? A resposta a esta pergunta é simples: porque os clássicos se leem sem- pre. E o que faz desta obra um clássico? Por que, decorridos quase 80 anos, este quincálogo da biblioteconomia, reiterada e teimosamente re- diviva, continua atraindo leitores e releitores? Outra pergunta, por que publicar esta edição em português? O que tem ainda a nos dizer este senhor mais do que centenário, que nasceu e viveu num país tão distante do Brasil? É razoável supor que este seja, no campo da biblioteconomia e ciên- cia da informação, um dos livros que apresentam mais longa meia-vida, maior número de citações e uma capacidade muito grande de estimular novas ideias. Aliás, Berwick Sayers, no prefácio à primeira edição, ante- via o destino dele: o de um ‘standard text-book’, standard aqui no sen- tido de obra modelar, que, como todos os modelos, tendem a se tomar clássicos. Clássico porque permanece atual, trazendo lições sempre úteis mesmo quando a tecnologia da informação dá a impressão de os biblio- tecários de hoje estarem muito à frente do mundo de Ranganathan. Clás- sico porque no uni verso brasileiro, tão distante da Índia, tanto historica quanto culturalmente, suas palavras encontram ressonância e parecem refletir a realidade de muitas de nossas bibliotecas e a visão de muitas de nossas autoridades. Os dois prefácios, de Aiyer e de Berwick Sayers, souberam logo re- conhecer a qualidade excepcional do texto do bibliotecário indiano. Em particular, a capacidade que teve Ranganathan, de forma simples e clara, a partir da observação direta do mundo dos livros e das bibliotecas, de cons truir seus princípios, sua teoria, sua filosofia, sua epistemologia. Sem em pregar conceitos abstrusos, sem erigir construtos informes, sem patinar na geleia mal digerida de ideias alheias, ele extraiu da realidade circundante suas constatações e suas conclusões, que cada vez mais são reconhecidas como uma das melhores contribuições para a formulação de uma teoria da biblioteconomia. Erigiu assim, de forma exemplar, não xiii xiv as cinco leis da biblioteconomia só um texto que, com a simplicidade de um manual de boas práticas bibliotecárias, procurava estimular a criação de bibliotecas em seu país, mas também, com argúcia e clareza de pensamento, dissecava essas práticas em busca de sua razão de ser, de seus princípios, e argumentos que as justificassem como técnicas e como necessidades sociais. Rana- ganathan procura e consegue identificar o que se acha por trás de uma sucessão de atos e rotinas sem sentido aparente, mas que se revestem de grande significado para a produção e difusão da cultura. Seu contato com a realidade das bibliotecas do Reino Unido levou-o a procurar saber o que se passava em instituições semelhantes de outros países. Isso serviu de quadro de referência no qual e com o qual contrastou a situação das bibliotecas da Índia. Pioneiro, portanto, da biblioteconomia comparada, buscou nesse processo elementos que fundamentassem sua ar- gumentação, a qual também serve para ‘convencer as autoridades’, como dizemos aqui, quanto à importância do livro, da biblioteca e da leitura. Seu texto não tem o formalismo e a aridez de uma tese doutoral. Ele não vacila em antropomorfizar as leis da biblioteconomia, em criar um elenco de personagens exemplares (as diversas autoridades, os leitores potenciais, cidadãos comuns, etc.) e colocá-las num espaço dramático, numa feliz reunião da maiêutica socrática com o diálogo teatral, a que não falta o apelo ao coro grego. Encontram-se disponíveis na Rede inúmeras informações biográficas sobre Ranganathan. Por exemplo: Gopinath, M.A. Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita. Encyclopedia of library and information science. 2nd ed., p. 2419- 2437, 2003. Disponível em: <http://www.informaworld.com/10.1081/e- elis-120009006>. Acesso em: 15/5/2009). As referências que recomenda- mos abaixo são relevantes para o estudo das cinco leis da biblioteconomia e de sua repercussão em diversas vertentes da teoria e da prática. Antonio Agenor Briquet de Lemos editor Recomendações de leitura Allen, Ethan. Ranganathan’s third law and collection access at Norica: an assess- ment. Joumal of Access Services, v. 4, n. 3/4, p. 57-69, 2006. Atherton, Pauline A. Putting knowledge to work: an American view of Ranganathan’s five laws of library science.
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