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Tallinna Ülikool Sotsiaalteaduste Dissertatsioonid TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL SOTSIAALTEADUSTE DISSERTATSIOONID TALLINN UNIVERSITY DISSERTATIONS ON SOCIAL SCIENCES 113 1 2 OLEKSANDRA SELIVERSTOVA THE ROLE OF CONSUMER CULTURE IN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE POST-SOVIET REGION. EVIDENCE FROM ESTONIA AND UKRAINE Tallinn 2017 3 TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL SOTSIAALTEADUSTE DISSERTATSIOONID TALLINN UNIVERSITY DISSERTATIONS ON SOCIAL SCIENCES 113 Oleksandra Seliverstova THE ROLE OF CONSUMER CULTURE IN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE POST-SOVIET REGION. EVIDENCE FROM ESTONIA AND UKRAINE School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia Institute of Political Science, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium The dissertation was accepted for the defence of the degree of Doctor Philosophiae in Government and Politics by the Doctoral Studies Council of Social Sciences of Tallinn University on February 28th, 2017. Supervisors: Raivo Vetik, PhD, professor at Tallinn University Airi-Alina Allaste, PhD, professor at Tallinn University Dimokritos Kavadias, PhD, professor at the Free University of Brussels Opponents: Jeremy Morris, PhD, professor at Aarhus University Marcello Mollica, PhD, professor at the University of Pisa The defence will take place on April 28th, 2017 at 12 o’clock at Tallinn University lecture hall M-648, Uus-Sadama st 5, Tallinn. This research was supported by the European Commission within the framework of FP7- PEOPLE-2012-ITN under Grant agreement number 316825. Copyright: Oleksandra Seliverstova, 2017 Copyright: Tallinn University, 2017 and Free University of Brussels (VUB), 2017 ISSN 1736-3632 (printed publication) ISBN 978-9949-29-316-2 (printed publication) ISSN 1736-793X (pdf) ISBN 978-9949-29-317-9 (pdf) Tallinn University 25 Narva Rd 10120 Tallinn www.tlu.ee 4 CONTENTS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ..................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 12 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................... 15 UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY .................................................... 16 Accommodation of Russian speaking population since the dissolution of the USSR....... 16 Main characteristics of nation formation processes in Estonia and Ukraine ..................... 17 OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY AND ITS LIMITATIONS ......................................... 23 STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION AND MAIN RESULTS ............................................. 25 1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY ........................................................ 29 1.1. National identity in the studies of everyday nationalism ........................................... 29 1.1.1. Looking for truth about nation and national identity .......................................... 29 1.1.2. Banal nationalism ............................................................................................... 32 1.1.3. Analyzing everyday nationalism through imagination, cultural and everyday practices ....................................................................................................................... 34 1.1.4. Recent scholarship on everyday nationalism drawn from the post-Soviet context .......................................................................................................................... 39 1.2. Why consumption? On the way to discovering its symbolic meaningfulness ........... 42 1.2.1. Turning focus from production to consumption in the postmodern era.............. 42 1.2.2. Consumer culture as a way to study identity now .............................................. 45 1.2.3. Everyday nationalism and consumer culture ...................................................... 46 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 49 2.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 49 2.2. Instruments ................................................................................................................ 52 2.2.1. Interviews ........................................................................................................... 52 2.2.1.1. General information and settings ............................................................... 52 2.2.1.2. Sample ....................................................................................................... 54 2.2.1.3. Structure of the interview .......................................................................... 55 2.2.1.4. Analysis ..................................................................................................... 57 2.2.1.5. Interviews supporting material .................................................................. 58 2.2.2. Participant Observation ...................................................................................... 59 2.2.3. Media analysis .................................................................................................... 61 2.3. Validity and reliability issues ..................................................................................... 64 2.3.1. Specific context and settings of research. L'viv, Ukraine ................................... 66 2.3.2. Specific context and settings of research. Tallinn, Estonia ................................ 68 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 70 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................................ 89 PUBLICATIONS .................................................................................................................. 91 I. Everyday Nation-Building In The Post-Soviet Space ................................................... 93 II. “Consuming” National Identity in Western Ukraine .................................................. 113 5 III. Keeping Alive the “Imaginary West” in post-Soviet Countries ................................ 135 IV. Consumer Citizenship and Reproduction of Estonian-ness ...................................... 155 SUMMARY/KOKKUVÕTE .............................................................................................. 178 ELULOOKIRJELDUS ........................................................................................................ 181 CURRICULUM VITAE ..................................................................................................... 182 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS The dissertation is based on the following four papers, which are referred to in the analytical overview by Roman numerals: I. Pawłusz, E., & Seliverstova, O. (2016). Everyday Nation-Building In The Post-Soviet Space. Methodological Reflections. Studies of Transition States and Societies, 8(1), 69–86. II. Seliverstova, O. (2016). “Consuming” National Identity in Western Ukraine. Nationalities Papers, 45(1), 61–79. III. Seliverstova, O. (2017) (in print). Keeping Alive the “Imaginary West” in post-Soviet Countries. Forthcoming in Debatte: Journal of Contemporary and Eastern Europe. IV. Seliverstova, O. (2017) (in print). Consumer Citizenship and Reproduction of Estonian- ness. In In Eds. Polese, A., Morris, J.B., Pawlusz, E.B., Seliverstova, O. The national in everyday life. Identity and nation-building in post-socialist spaces. Routledge. Author's contribution Publication I: O.Seliverstova participated in the formulation of research question, creation of research design, data collection and analysis processes and writing the manuscript. For this publication, contribution of each author is valuated as an equal proportion. O.Seliverstova equally participated in writing the manuscipt's introduction, theoretical part and conclusion. The empirical part on Ukrainian case-study was written only by O. Seliverstova, while the case study on Estonia was described by E. Pawlusz. Related conference presentations 1. Seliverstova, O. “The Role of Consumerism in the Integration of National Minorities in post-Soviet Spaces: Evidence from Estonia and Ukraine” presented at the conference “The past and present of minority rights in the context of migration and multiculturalism”, University of Turku, Turku (Finland), held on 25–26.11.2013. 2. Seliverstova, O. “Consumerism before and after Soviet Union. Case of Estonia” presented at the “Changing Europe – Changing Migration” – IMISCOE 3CI PhD conference, University of Antwerp, Antwerp (Belgium), held on 20–24.01.2014. 3. Seliverstova, O. “Consumerism before and after Soviet Union. Case of Estonia” presented at the conference-workshop "Capitalism, Consumption and Everyday Life", Oslo University, Oslo (Norway), held on 08–10.12.2014. 4. Seliverstova, O. “Keeping alive the Imaginary West space in the post-Soviet countries” presented at the conference "Spaces and Places: Toward a Geocritical Study of Language, Literature, Culture and Politics", University
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