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The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Volume II, 1917

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The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Volume II, 1917 THE SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF THE EAST WITH HISTORICAL SURVEYS OF THE CHIEF WRITINGS OF EACH NATION Translations, Bibliographies, etc., by the following Leading Orientalists: IN AMERICA: MORRIS JASTROW, LL.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Penn- sylvania; JAMES H. BREASTED, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University of Chicago; CHARLES C. TORREY, D.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, Yale University; A. V. W. JACKSON, LL.D., Professor of Indo-Iranian. Columbia Uni- versity; CHARLES R. LANMAN, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit, Harvard University; REV. CHARLES F. AIKEN, S.T.D., Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Catholic University; FRIEDRICH HIRTH, LL.D., Professor of Chinese, Columbia Uni- versity; REV. WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS, D.D., former Professor at the Imperial University, Tokio. IN EUROPE: E. A. W. BUDGE, F.S.A., Director of Egyptology in the British Museum; SIR GASTON MASPERO, D.C.L., Member of the Royal Institute of France; REV. A. H. SAYCE, LL.D., Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford University; W. FLINDERS-PETRIE, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University College, London; STEPHEN LANGDON, Ph.D., Professor of Assyriology, Oxford University; SIR ERNEST SATOW, LL.D., G.C.M.G., British Minister to Japan; H. OLDENBERG, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit, Kiel University; T. W. RHYS-DAVIDS, LL.D., Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society; ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY, LL.D., Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Budapest. IN ASIA: SIR M. COOMARA SWAMY, Legislative Council of Ceylon; ROMESH CHUNDER DUTT, C.I.E., Author of the History of Civilization in Ancient India; DARAB D. P. SANJANA, Educational Society of Bombay; VISCOUNT KENCHO SUYE- MATSU, LL.M., Japanese Minister of the Interior; SHEIK FAIZ-ULLAH-BHAI, Head Master of the Schools of Anjuman-i-Islam; RALPH T. GRIFFITH, President Benares College, India; JIVANJI JAMSHEDJI MODI, Fellow of Bombay Uni- versity, Officier de l'Académie Française. Under the editorship of a staff of specialists directed by PROF. CHARLES F. HORNE, PH.D. PARKE, AUSTIN, AND LIPSCOMB, INC. NEW YORK LONDON This Volume is one of a complete set of the Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, consisting of fourteen volumes. In Volume I of the series will be found a cer- tificate as to the limitation of the edition and the registered number of this set. Copyright, 1917, Parke, Austin, and Lipscomb, Inc. THE ROCK TEMPLE OF ABU-SIMBEL. Showing the secret Holy Place in the rear. © UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD, N.Y.. THE SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF THE EAST ——— VOLUME II EGYPT ——— In Translations by JAMES H. BREASTED, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology in the Uni- versity of Chicago; E. A. W. BUDGE, F.S.A., Director of Egyptology in the British Museum; SIR GASTON MASPERO, D.C.L., Member of the Royal Institute of France; REV. A. H. SAYCE, LL.D., Professor of Comparative Philology at Oxford University; ALLAN H. GAR- DINER, Litt.D., Editor of the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology; W. FLINDERS-PETRIE, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology in University College, London; and other leading Egyptologists. With a Brief Bibliography by PROF. JAMES H. BREASTED, LL.D. ————— With an Historical Survey and Descriptions by PROF. CHARLES F. HORNE, PH.D. PARKE, AUSTIN, AND LIPSCOMB, INC. NEW YORK LONDON "Let there be light."—GENESIS I, 3. ——— "There never was a false god, nor was there ever really a false religion, unless you call a child a false man."—MAX MÜLLER. CONTENTS OF VOLUME II ——————— EGYPT PAGE INTRODUCTION — Man's First Hope of Immortality and the Dawning of the Critic Sense ...................... 3 THE ANCIENT EMPIRE (3500 B.C-2475 B.C.) I.—THE EARLIEST EGYPTIAN REMAINS ............................ 13 The Boast of Methen, the First Autobiography (3000 B.C.)............................................................ 15 The Palermo Stone, Egypt's First Historical Record (2750 B.C.) ................................................ 17 II.—THE SECRET PYRAMID TEXTS (2625 B.C.).................... 23 III.—BIOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, AND ROMANCE ........................... 35 The Words of Uni, the King's Friend (2550 B.C.) .... 37 Inscriptions of Harkhuf, the First Explorer (2525 B.C.) ............................................................ 43 Tales of the Magicians, Earth's Earliest Stories (2000 or 3000 B.C.)............................................... 48 IV.—THE PRECEPTS OF PTAH-HOTEP (2700 B.C.?), The Oldest Book in the World ................................. 62 THE MIDDLE EMPIRE (2500 B.C-1600 B.C.) V.—RELIGIOUS AND SEMI-HISTORIC TEXTS ........................ 81 The "Coffin Texts".................................................... 84 A Mother's Charm against Evil Spirits ..................... 86 The First Poem of Pessimism.................................... 87 Songs of the Harper................................................... 89 The First Misanthrope ............................................... 92 The Tomb Record of Baron Ameni .......................... 97 Counsels of King Intef (2100 B.C.?) ......................... 98 Counsel of King Amenemhet (1970 B.C.) ................ 108 v vi CONTENTS PAGE VI.—TALES OF ROMANCE AND TRAVEL.............................. 113 The Eloquent Peasant, the First Study of Rhetoric.............................................................. 115 The Shipwrecked Sailor ........................................ 133 Memoirs of Sinuhit ................................................ 138 Fragments of the Earliest Ghost-Story ................. 149 VII.—THE BOOK OF THE DEAD, Egypt's Holy Scripture. ...... 157 THE GREAT EMPIRE (1600 B.C-525 B.C.) VIII.—HYMNS TO THE ONE UNIVERSAL GOD ........................ 289 To Aton, the Creator ............................................. 291 The King's Own Hymn . ........................................ 296 Hymn to Re as Sole God........................................ 298 Hymn to the Nile.................................................... 300 IX.—THE RELIGION OF THE POOR IN ANCIENT EGYPT Prayers for Mercy .................................................. 309 X.—HISTORY AND LEGEND UNDER THE GREAT EMPIRE.... 327 The Expulsion of the Shepherd Kings . .............. 330 Annals of Thutmose III, the Egyptian World- Conqueror (1500 B.C.)............................................ 332 Biography of a Soldier Under Thutmose III ......... 340 "The Taking of Joppa," Legend of a Stratagem Under Thutmose................................................. 344 The Building Record of a Pharaoh ...................... 350 XL—EGYPT'S CHIEF EPIC POEM (1287 B.C.) ....................... 359 The Triumph of Rameses II, by Penta-our ........... 361 XII.—TALES OF ROMANCE AND TRAVEL .............................. 379 The Two Brothers, Egypt's Best-known Story ...... 381 The Doomed Prince................................................ 392 Travels of Unamunu in Syria ................................. 400 CONTENTS vii THE AGE OF WEAKNESS (525 B.C.——A.D.) PAGE XIII.—THE BOOK OF THE BREATHS OF LIFE, The Secret Teaching of the Egyptian Priesthood ................ 414 XIV.—ROMANCES .................................................................. 425 The Princess Possessed by a Demon, The Oldest Literary Forgery . ............................................... 427 Prince Satni and the Magic Book ...................... 431 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................... 455 ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II ————————— FACING PAGE The Rock Temple of Abu-Simbel ................................. Frontispiece The Creation.............................................................................. 32 Ptah Fashioning the Egg of the World ...................................... 48 Osiris, King of the World of Death........................................... 64 Isis, Wife of Osiris .................................................................... 96 Khepera, the Beetle-god of Resurrection .................................. 144 A Page from the Book of the Dead ........................................... 160 Anubis, the Guide through the Underworld ........................... 208 Hathor Emerges from the Mountain of Tombs ...................... 240 Horus, the God-child, Rising from the Lotus ........................... 272 Nut, the World Mother.............................................................. 320 Thoth, the Chief Friend of Man ................................................ 416 ix "Be not arrogant because of that which thou knowest; deal with the ignorant as with the learned; for the barriers of art are not closed, no artist being in possession of the perfection to which he aspires." — FROM THE EGYPTIAN BOOK OF PTAH-HOTEP, EARTH'S EARLIEST- KNOWN TEACHER. SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF EGYPT ———— INTRODUCTION MAN'S FIRST HOPE OF IMMORTALITY AND THE DAWNING OF THE CRITIC SENSE HE stupendous fact which makes Egyptian literature T most worth our reading is that in Egypt mankind first soared to splendid heights of religious thought. There, so far as we now know, earnest and able men first faced with pro- found intellectual meditation the spiritual problems of this world. There the mass of men, for the first time, arranged their earthly lives upon a firm-set confidence that there was a life beyond. The civilization of Egypt may possibly be as ancient as that of Babylonia. Recent scholars incline to regard that of Bab- ylonia as the older of the two, and the other as perhaps an off- shoot from it; but in that case the younger branch outgrew the parent in both wisdom and culture. Perhaps the swifter blossoming of Egyptian
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