DOCSLIB.ORG

Advantage Northwest Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Advantage Northwest Russia ADVANTAGE NORTHWEST RUSSIA The New Growth Centre of Europe? Grigory Dudarev, Sergey Boltramovich, Pavel Filippov and Hannu Hernesniemi Sitra • Helsinki • 2004 Sitra Reports series 33 ISBN 951-563-445-8 ISSN 1457-571X (Sitra) ISBN 951-563-450-4 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) ISSN 1457-5728 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) SITRA - The Finnish National Fund for Research and Development ETLA’s publication series B, no. 206 ISSN 0356-7443 (ETLA) ETLA - The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Printed in Edita Prima Ltd, Helsinki 2004 Preface The shot fired in 1917 from the battleship Aurora in St. Petersburg, where the Russian revolution began, changed the world. It was followed by 85 years of Russia shutting itself out from the rest of the world. It is going to take decades before all the achievements facilitated by the enormous societal experiment are adapted into the present capitalistic world order. Russia is, however, already reclaiming its position in the in- ternational division of labour. Finland’s fate, standard of living and its business success are closely linked to its eastern neighbour. Finland has also been, and still is, an im- portant neighbour to Russia. These were the premises from which we began planning this project in December 2000, when Dmitri Mezentsev, Vice Chairman of the Centre for Strategic Research’s Board, visited Hel- sinki. I am grateful to Dr. Mezentsev, without whose initiative this im- portant research could not have gotten started and whose efforts were crucial to the success of the project. The end-result comprises a valuable analysis of Europe’s new growth centre, Northwest Russia, the region’s competitiveness and research-based proposals for its enhancement. Our Russian and Finnish researchers investigated this vast region dur- ing the research project. They visited the mines and smelters of Kola, Karelia’s paper machine and tractor factory, the sawmills and pulp facto- ries in Archangel, the huge steel mill in Vologda, various firms in oil rich Komi, progressive Novgorod, the overlooked Pskov, and Kaliningrad located within the EU. The region is geographically larger than Germany, France and Great Britain put together. Its administrative centre is St. Pe- tersburg, which, combined with the surrounding Leningrad region, com- prise Russia’s western window to the world. The economy of Northwest Russia has started to boom. The econ- omy’s most important industries include energy-related industries, min- ing, basic metals and the forest industry. The food industry is also grow- ing rapidly and is experiencing brisk investment activity. Thanks to these industries and along with the rising standard of living, the region’s trans- port industry and the construction sector are also expanding. It became clear during the research period that Northwest Russia’s administrative centre, St. Petersburg, is also the engine driving techno- logical progress in Russia. It used to be the hub for telecommunications development. Popov invented the radio there at the same time as Italy’s Marconi. Bonch-Bruevich invented the electron tube in 1915, and colour televisions were developed already in the 1930s. St. Petersburg is also the centre for Russia’s energy and space technologies and for many other industries. Currently, the metropolis’s scientific-technical potential is ex- tremely under utilized, but the rapid growth of programming businesses provides an indication of things to come in the future. In the program- ming area, Russia is growing to become the next India or Israel. The programming industry is a good example of new entrepreneurship. Northwest Russia now needs new entrepreneurs. During Soviet times, large firms accounted for almost all of industrial activity and private entre- preneurship was not allowed before perestroika. For these reasons, Russia almost fully lacks small and medium-sized industrial enterprises. This study reveals the opportunities opening up to this community of entrepre- neurs. Large firms are concentrating on their core areas of expertise and want to outsource some of their activities. Western firms locating to Rus- sia also need local subcontractors. Informed government and regional in- dustrial policy decisions as well as foreign venture capital will be needed in the future to encourage business activity amongst small and medium-sized firms. A historical opportunity for globalisation is also being offered to EU firms by starting operations in Russia. This book and the series of books preceding it focus on Europe and Finland’s neighbouring Northwest Russia. In this respect, I would like to emphasise that Finnish firms are in an exceptional position. Our compa- nies have the opportunity to build over-the-border subcontracting chains and, by combining Finnish and Russian factors of production, to be- come some of the world’s most competitive producers. Northwest Rus- sia also provides promising investment opportunities for Finland’s small and medium-sized enterprises. These firms now have an historical op- portunity to internationalise their operations by investing in Northwest Russia, side by side with large Finnish companies, and build their own as well as Russia’s future. Due to its geographical proximity to Europe and industrial heritage, this Russian region will become the most rapidly integrating region with the world economy. The results of the study and industrial policy proposals that emerge are extremely valuable for facilitating the development and integration process of Northwest Russia. In the next stage cluster and indus- try strategy studies should be extended to encompass Russia in its entirety. Helsinki, January 2004 Kari Tolvanen Vice President Sitra Authors’ Preface This study concludes the series of publications devoted to analysing the industrial competitiveness of Northwest Russia. This three-year long project was accomplished by the research-based consulting company Solid Invest (St. Petersburg, Russia), the Research Institute of the Fin- nish Economy (ETLA), and the Centre for Strategic Research (Moscow, Russia). The project and this final report was financially supported by the Finnish National Fund for Research and Development (Sitra). The pre- ceding industry studies were supported by twenty leading Finnish firms interested in Russia. Previous publications contained a preliminary analysis of the competitiveness of industry in Northwest Russia. They also singled out and analysed in great detail the following sectors of the economy with the highest poten- tial for competitiveness: the forest, energy, metallurgy and metalworking clusters, as well as the cluster of information technologies and telecom- munications. The present work summarizes the results of this research in order to reveal the key aspects and tendencies affecting developments in Northwest Russia’s industrial competitiveness in the medium to long term. Special attention has been paid to the need for forming a consis- tent industrial policy aimed at increasing investment and to an analysis of new opportunities for the Northwest Russian economy. These opportu- nities are opening up as a consequence of lively international coopera- tion, in particular industrial cooperation with the countries of the Baltic Sea region and Northern Europe. The Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were prepared by Sergey Boltramovich with assistance of Pavel Filippov and edited by Grigory Dudarev. The Chapters 4, 8, 9 were written by Grigory Dudarev. Hannu Hernesniemi contributed to the study by providing valuable assistance, supervision and editing of the text. Cases in the Chapter 4 were prepared by Sergey Boltramovich, Pavel Filippov and Grigory Dudarev. The authors wish to express their gratitude to all those who took part at various stages of this study, and who have assisted in bringing this book to fruition and making it available to the reader. We would like to thank Sitra and Finnish firms for their longsighted investment in this research on the Northwest Russian economy. Busy businessmen from various industries often found the time to meet with us to discuss our research results in Helsinki and to participate in our seminars held in St. Petersburg and Moscow. We would also like to ex- press our appreciation to the Russian ministry officials and representatives of Russian businesses who participated in these seminars, where the most important questions regarding the development of various indus- tries were discussed. Many Russian firms also opened their doors to our team of researchers conducting case studies. Our special thanks go out to Professor Sergey Sutyrin of St. Peters- burg State University, whose comments helped us in writing the sections on international collaboration, Vladislav Yurkovsky, who bore the bur- den of formatting the text and the graphics, and experts on specific in- dustries - Dmitry Efremov and Dmitry Belov (the forest cluster), Alexey Osipov and Anton Savchenko (the energy cluster), Vladimir Gorelov (the metal cluster), and Andrey Averin (the cluster of information tech- nologies and telecommunications). The authors are grateful to the translators of the study, Sergey Afonin, Mary C. Gannon and Astamur Panov, as well as to Anthony de Carvalho and John Rogers for language checking. The final design and layout of the text was done by Tuula Ratapalo. Our Project Assistants, Veronica Voinovian and Anna Ignatieva, displayed organizational skills that were indispensable in this project. The authors sincerely hope that the ideas and approaches embedded in this study will attract the attention of readers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Pechora River: a Natural-Functioning River Ecosystem Or Needs for Restoration?
    RR 2004 3rd European Conference on River Restoration RIVER RESTORATION 2004 Zagreb, Croatia, 17-21 May 2004 The Pechora river: a natural-functioning river ecosystem or needs for restoration? Vasily Ponomarev, Olga Loskutova, Ludmila Khokhlova, Harald Leummens ABSTRACT: The Pechora, the largest river in North Europe, preserves almost natural ecosystem conditions. The Pechora river is crossed by only one bridge, and has one dam in an upstream tributary. The Pechora basin is one of the most sparsely populated areas in Europe, 0.5 million inhabitants on 322,000 km2 The Pechora river is of utmost importance for fishery, hosting 36 fish species from 13 families, depending on a dense network of large and small tributaries. The river is inhabited by all 12 species of European Salmonidae. At the same time, throughout the Pechora basin, an ever-increasing local but persistent human impact is observed. Many watercourses are intersected by oil & gas pipelines and communications. The exploration and exploitation of valuable oil, gas and mineral resources locally causes physical and chemical, terrestrial and aquatic disturbance and pollution. In the cen- tral Pechora basin vast areas are subjected to intensive forestry. Industrial developments cause con- siderable structural and functional aquatic ecosystems changes. In addition, especially Salmonidae populations significantly decreased, a result of widespread poaching. Within the framework of Russian-Netherlands project “Pechora River basin Integrated System Man- agement” (PRISM), supported by the Partners for Water Programme of the Netherlands Government, integrated studies were performed on a number of Pechora tributaries, characterised by different types and levels of human impact. Based on the results of those and earlier research, the needs for aquatic ecosystem restoration are discussed, and a concept for actions at different scales is proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Protected Area System of the Komi Republic to Conserve Virgin Forest Biodiversity in the Pechora Headwaters Region
    Strengthening Protected Area System of the Komi Republic to Conserve Virgin Forest Biodiversity in the Pechora Headwaters Region PIMS 2496, Atlas Award 00048772, Atlas Project No: 00059042 Terminal Evaluation, Volume I November 2014 Russian Federation GEF SO1: Catalysing the Sustainability of Protected Areas SP3: Strengthened National Terrestrial Protected Area Networks Russian Federation, Ministry of Natural Resources Komi Republic, Ministry of Natural Resources United National Development Program Stuart Williams KOMI REPUBLIC PAS PROJECT - TE Acknowledgements The mission to the Komi Republic was well organised and smoothly executed. For this, I would like to thank everyone involved starting with Irina Bredneva and Elena Bazhenova of the UNDP-CO for making all the travel arrangements so smooth and easy, and making me welcome in Moscow. In the Komi Republic, the project team ensured that I met the right stakeholders, showed me the results of the project efforts in remote and beautiful areas of the republic, and accompanying me. Special thanks are due to Alexander Popov (the National Project Director) and Vasily Ponomarev (the Project Manager) for the connections, arrangements, for accompanying me and for many fruitful discussions. Other team members who accompanied the mission included Svetlana Zagirova, Andrei Melnichuk and Anastasiya Tentyukova. I am also grateful to all the other stakeholders who gave freely of their time and answered my questions patiently (please see Annex III for a list of all the people met over the course of the mission to the Komi Republic). I am also particularly grateful for the tireless efforts of Alexander Oshis, my interpreter over the course of the mission even when he was not well, for the clear and accurate interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Study of Municipal Solid Waste (Msw) Landfills and Non- Authorized Waste Damps Impact on the Environment
    Linnaeus ECO-TECH ´10 Kalmar, Sweden, November 22-24, 2010 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) LANDFILLS AND NON- AUTHORIZED WASTE DAMPS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Veronica Tarbaeva Dmitry Delarov Committee on Natural Resources of Leningrad region, Russia ABSTRACT A purpose was an analysis of waste disposal sites existing in the Leningrad region and a choice of facilities potentially suitable for the removal and utilization of greenhouse- and other gases. In order to achieve the purpose in view, data were collected on the arrangement of non-authorized landfills and waste dumps within the Leningrad region. The preliminary visual evaluation and instrumental monitoring were carried out for 10 facilities. The evaluation of greenhouse- and other gas emissions into the atmosphere as well as of ground water pollution near places of waste disposal was performed. A databank was created for waste disposal sites where it could be possible to organize the work on removing and utilizing of greenhouse gas. The conducted examination stated that landfills exert negative influence on the environment in the form of emissions into the atmosphere and impurities penetrating underground and surface water. A volume of greenhouse gas emissions calculated in units of СО2 – equivalent from different projects fluctuates from 63.8 to 8091.4 t in units of СО2 – equivalent. Maximum summarized emissions of greenhouse gases in units of СО2 – equivalent were stated for MSW landfills of the towns of Kirishi, Novaya Ladoga and Slantsy, as well as for MSW landfills near Lepsari residential settlement and the town of Vyborg. KEYWORDS Non-authorized waste dumps, MSW landfills, greenhouse gases, atmospheric air pollution, instrumental monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Komi Aluminium Programme [EBRD
    Komi Aluminium Komi Aluminium Programme PROPOSED EARLY WORKS PROGRAMME FOR THE PROPOSED SOSNOGORSK REFINERY SITE Environmental Analysis IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION AND EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS Prepared By: CSIR ENVIRONMENTEK P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 0001 Contact Person: Rob Hounsome Tel: +27 31 242-2300 Fax: +27 31 261-2509 Email: [email protected] In Partnership with: DewPoint International (Colorado) DATE: April 2004 Final Table of Contents 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................- 3 - 2 Scope of the Early Works..............................................................................................................- 3 - 3 Impacts associated with the Early Works...................................................................................- 4 - 4 Background......................................................................................................................................- 5 - 4.1 The developer...............................................................................................................................- 6 - 4.2 Environmental and social assessment studies...........................................................................- 6 - 5 The Proposed Site...........................................................................................................................- 7 - 5.1 Location........................................................................................................................................-
    [Show full text]
  • Copper Production in Russia in 1995 Will Account for 650-570 Thous
    InfoMine. The community of independent consultants into mineral resources, metals and chemicals industies in the CIS _________________________________________________ Copper in Russia MOSCOW 1995 Internet: www.infomine.ru e-mail: [email protected] Copper in Russia. Research Group INFOMINE Report (Moscow, 1995) CONTENTS 1. TYPES OF COPPER DEPOSITS.....................................................................................................2 3. COPPER ORE MINING...................................................................................................................6 4. COPPER CONCENTRATE PRODUCTION...................................................................................9 5. PRODUCTION OF BLISTER AND REFINED COPPER............................................................12 6. REVIEW OF WORK OF ENTERPRISES, PRODUCING COPPER IN RUSSIA.......................16 1.Kirovogradsky copper smelting plant...........................................................................................16 2. Krasnoural'sky copper smelting plant. ........................................................................................16 3. Sredneural'sky copper smelting plant (SUMZ). ..........................................................................17 4. Mednogorsky copper-sulfur combine (MMSK)..........................................................................17 5.Combine "Uralelektromed'" (Pyshma). ........................................................................................18 6. Kystymsky copper-electrolytic
    [Show full text]
  • The Company SEVKABEL Plant Was Founded in 1879
    The Company SEVKABEL plant was founded in 1879. Through all these years of production experi- ence SEVKABEL has been a leader in research and development of new types of cables and wires. Today SEVKABEL is a parent enterprise of SEVKABEL HOLDING – development, produc- tion and trade group. Owing to its R&D Institute SEVKABEL HOLDING has often been at the front of technical developments. Regular investments in manufacturing equip- ment keep our product quality level up to Inter- national standard, as well as German standart Russian cable company that was awarded with - dard ISO 9001:2000. Since 1992 Sevkabel is a member of International Cablemakers Federation (ICF). Über die Gesellschaft Der Betrieb SEVKABEL wurde 1879 gegründet. Seither war SEVKABEL mit seiner Produktion- serfahrung immer der erste in der Entwicklung von neuen Kabel- und Leitungstypen. Heute ist SEVKABEL der Stammbetrieb von SEVKABEL HOLDING – einer Entwicklungs, Produktions- und Handelsgesellschaft. Mit ihrem Forschungsinstitut war SEVKABEL HOLDING immer an der vordersten Linie der technischen Fortschritts. Regelmäßige Investierungen in die Produktion- sausrüstung halten die Qualität unserer Produk- te immer auf dem Stand der international Norm und auch Deutsch norm VDE. Im 2004 wurde SEVKABEL als erste russische Kabelgesell- ISO 9001:2000 ausgezeichnet. Ab 1992 ist Sevkabel Mitglied der Inter- nationalen Kabelhersteller-Vereinigung (I.C.F.). 1 Cables & Wires R&D Institute Forschungsinstitut of Sevkabel-Holding Sevkabel-Holding The R&D Institute was created in 1948. Das Forschungsinstitut wurde 1948 gegrün- Over the time of existence its highly det. Während seines Bestehens haben seine qualifi ed employees have created a large hochqualifi zierte Mitarbeiter große Anzahl von number of cable products, machines, ma- Kabelerzeugnissen, Maschinen, Werkzeugmas- chine tools and other production equip- chinen und anderen Bearbeitungseinrichtungen ment.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Technical Assistance to Sra on Environmental Issues
    CHAPTER 6 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SRA ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Preparatory Survey on the Project for Construction of Mykolaiv Bridge in Ukraine Final Report 6. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SRA ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 6.1 Environmental and Social Considerations 6.1.1 Project Components (1) Name The Project for Construction of Mykolaiv Bridge in Ukraine (2) Project Proponent The State Road Administration of Mykolaiv in Ukraine (Ukravtodor Mykolaiv) (3) Project Object The aim of the planned activity is to construct a highway river crossing over the Southern Bug River of city Mykolaiv cit;y. A highway river crossing including the bridge and approaches to it on the road M-14 Odessa – Melitopol – Novoazovsk (to Taganrog): beginning on the right bank of the Southern Bug River near the village Vesniane from M-14; end – on the left bank to the M-14 at the crossing with auto road P-06 Ulianovka – Mykolaiv. Construction of approaches to the bridge structures requires allocation of land for permanent use within the projected band allocation of the road. At present these lands are owned by individuals and legal entities. (4) Location Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe and is surrounded by seven countries; Romania, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland in the west, Belarus in the north, and Russia in the east, as well as the Black Sea in the south. In order to exploit this geographical position, the Government of Ukraine established the “Comprehensive Program for Consolidation of Ukraine as a Transit Country for 2002-2010”, which was indicative of the importance attached to establishing international trunk roads providing new traffic systems for cross-border logistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Transneft Management's Discussion and Analysis Of
    TRANSNEFT MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF ITS OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2020 (in millions of Russian roubles, if not stated otherwise) О TRANSNEFT MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF ITS OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2020 1 TRANSNEFT MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF ITS OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2020 (in million of Russian roubles, if not stated otherwise) 1. General information and overview of the Group’s activities .................................................................. 4 1.1. Key investment projects of the Group ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Environmental policy ................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Tariffs and key macroeconomic factors affecting the Group's performance ........................................ 6 2.1. Oil and petroleum products transportation tariffs .................................................................................. 6 2.2. The rouble’s exchange rate against foreign currencies ......................................................................... 9 2.3. Inflation rates ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Economy in the U.S.S.R
    STUDIA FORESTALIA SUECICA NR 39 1966 Forest Economy in the U.S.S.R. An Analysis of Soviet Competitive Potentialities Skogsekonomi i Sovjet~rnionen rned en unalys av landets potentiella konkurrenskraft by KARL VIICTOR ALGTTERE SICOGSH~GSICOLAN ROYAL COLLEGE OF FORESTRY STOCKHOLM Lord Keynes on the role of the economist: "He must study the present in the light of the past for the purpose of the future." Printed in Sweden by ESSELTE AB STOCKHOLM Foreword Forest Economy in the U.S.S.R. is a special study of the forestry sector of the Soviet economy. As such it makes a further contribution to the studies undertaken in recent years to elucidate the means and ends in Soviet planning; also it attempts to assess the competitive potentialities of the U.S.S.R. in international trade. Soviet studies now command a very great interest and are being undertaken at some twenty universities and research institutes mainly in the United States, the United Kingdoin and the German Federal Republic. However, it would seem that the study of the development of the forestry sector has riot received the detailed attention given to other fields. In any case, there have not been any analytical studies published to date elucidating fully the connection between forestry and the forest industries and the integration of both in the economy as a whole. Studies of specific sections have appeared from time to time, but I have no knowledge of any previous study which gives a complete picture of the Soviet forest economy and which could faci- litate the marketing policies of the western world, being undertaken at any university or college.
    [Show full text]
  • Soft Security Problems in Northwest Russia and Their Implications for the Outside World
    Soft security problems in Northwest Russia and their implications for the outside world A framework for analysis and action Dr Christer Pursiainen (ed.) Director Aleksanteri Institute – Finnish Centre for Russian and East European Studies at the University of Helsinki www.kolumbus.fi/christer .pursiainen [email protected] with the assistance of Pekka Haavisto and Nikita Lomagin of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs 2 Contents: I Introduction: a holistic approach to soft security problems 3 II The severity of Russian soft security problems for the outside world 3 Nuclear safety – waiting for a catastrophe? 4 Environmental problems: from individual risks to potential catastrophes 9 Infectious diseases: a creeping crisis? 11 Illegal immigration: still under control? 13 III Russian decision-making in soft security issues 17 State agents in soft security: the sources of impotence 18 Business and soft security: extra benefits by violating laws? 21 Does civil society matter? 22 The conflicting nature of Russian soft security decision-making 24 IV International co-operation: widespread but fragmented 25 The international agents 25 Problems of co-operation 30 V Towards a more intensified soft security analysis and action 32 3 I Introduction: a holistic approach to soft security problems* Ten years after the end of the Cold War, the traditional security dilemma based on the perception of a military threat between Russia and the West has largely given way to a variety of new challenges related to non-military security, so-called soft security threats. These threats are not merely problems internal to Russia, but constitute existing or potential problems for other countries as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Transneft Management's Discussion and Analysis Of
    TRANSNEFT MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF ITS OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2018 TRANSNEFT MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GROUP’S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF ITS OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2018 (in millions of Russian roubles, if not stated otherwise) 1. General information and overview of the Group’s activities .................................................................. 4 1.1. Key investment projects of the Group ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Environmental policy ................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Tariffs and key macroeconomic factors affecting the Group's performance ........................................ 6 2.1. Oil and oil products transportation tariffs ............................................................................................... 6 2.2. The rouble’s exchange rate against foreign currencies ......................................................................... 8 2.3. Inflation rates ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4. Taxation ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Analysis of the Group’s performance
    [Show full text]
  • RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY Competitive Analysis of Northw
    Sarja B 197 Series ______________________________________________________ Pavel Filippov, Grigory Dudarev, and Alexey Osipov ENERGY3: RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY Competitive Analysis of Northwest Russian Energy Cluster ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Publisher: Taloustieto Oy Helsinki 2003 Cover: Mainos MayDay, Vantaa 2003 ISBN 951-628-382-9 ISSN 0356-7443 Printed in: Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2003 FILIPPOV, Pavel – DUDAREV, Grigory – OSIPOV, Alexey, ENERGY3: RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY; Competitive Analysis of North- west Russian Energy Cluster. Helsinki: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2003, 210 p. (B, ISSN 0356-7443; No. 197). ISBN 951-628-382-9. ABSTRACT: Energy industries in Russia and in Northwest Russia in particular are of the utmost importance and occupy the largest shares in the total industrial produc- tion and exports. Northwest Russia is developing into the major export hub for the Russian energy exports. It means that the appropriate infrastructure and potential to establish processing facilities are created in this area. Energy industries play also an important role as essential suppliers for many local producers. As many Northwest Russian manufacturing industries are still very energy consuming, energy efficiency and energy cost will have a strong effect on their profitability. The so-called energy complex created in the Soviet period in Russia and in Northwest Russia was based on the command economy, not market principles. Therefore, the transition to the mar- ket economy led to profound changes in the industry structure and allocation. These changes need to be assessed in order to adjust the business and industrial policy- making to changing circumstances. Analysis of the Northwest Russian energy cluster consisting of oil, gas, coal and peat production and processing, power generation and power engineering industries as well as supporting industries and associated services (prospecting, maintenance and transport, etc.) was aimed to serve this purpose.
    [Show full text]