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Panulirus Longipes Longipes (A click for previous page PALIN Panul 7 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY : PALINURIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Panulirus longipes longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE : Panulirus japonicus auct. nec v. Siebold VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO : En - Longlegged spiny lobster Fr - Langouste diablotin Sp - Langosta duende NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Carapace rounded, cove- red with numerous spines of varying size. Flagella of antennules longer than pedun- cle, rostrum absent; bases of antennae separated by a broad antennular plate bearing 1 pair of principal spines followed by some scattered minor spines. Each abdominal segment with a complete transverse groove joining the pleural groove. Legs 1 to 4 without pincers. Colour: ground colour variable from brown through blue to indigo; carapace and tail covered with numerous medium-sized pale spots, and a central darker region on the carapace; antennal and anten- nular flagella crossbanded; legs with spots of white and lines of yellow in between. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Panulirus homarus: abdominal segments with anterior margin of transverse groove scalloped; antennal plate with 2 pairs of large spines and a few spinules; legs with inconspi- cuous, irregular spots and short stripes interrupted transverse groove antennular plate dorsolateral view P. homarus abdomen P. ornatus: abdominal segments smooth, without a transverse groove, with a broad transverse band of a brown colour over the middle and only 2 white blotches on either side; antennular plate with 2 pairs of large spines; legs conspicuously and irregularly spotted. P. pencillatus: abdomen with numerous, closely placed, very small, pale spots all over; antennular plate with 2 pairs of large spines forming P. ornatus P. penicillatus P. versicolor a single cluster, with their bases touching and their tips diverging; legs with distinct sharp longitudinal lines. P. polyphagus: abdomen smooth, without a transverse groove; a transverse white band present along posterior margin of segments; antennular plate with 2 large spines, without spinules; legs irregularly and inconspicuously blotched. P. polyphagus P. longipes P. versicolor: abdominal segments without a antennular plate transverse groove, smooth; a distinct transverse dorsolateral view white band flanked by dark blue along posterior margins of segments; a distinctive pattern of blue- black patches and white lines on carapace; antennu- lar plate with 2 pairs of large spines; legs distinctly longitudinally striped. All other lobster genera in the area: anten- nular flagella shorter than distal segment of anten- nular peduncle. SIZE: P. ornatus Maximum: body length 30 cm; average body P. penicillatus length 20 to 25 cm; carapace length of females P. polyphagus with eggs 5.5 to 7 cm (in Sri Lanka). complete GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: transverse groove East coast of Africa from Natal north to at least Kenya, further in Madagascar, Mauritius, the Seychelles, southern India and Sri Lanka. Outside the area, at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the west coast of Thailand, and the west coast of Sumatra. The other subspecies, P. l. femoristriga P. versicolor does not occur in Fishing Area 51 It is reported P. longipes from Japan, Taiwan Islands, the Philippines, Indone- abdomen sia to Australia, the New Hebrides arid Tahiti. Found in clear or sometimes slightly turbid, shallow waters around coral reefs, in depths of 1 to 18 m, sheltering in daytime among corals and in deep inaccessible caves where moderate currents prevail and no direct wave action is noticeable. The animals are solitary or occur in pairs and are strictly nocturnal, moving about especially in moonlit nights. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught incidentally throughout its range; apparently not abundant. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Wherever it occurs, it forms only a small percentage of the lobster catch. It is usually caught by skin divers, by hand or with spears, but also obtained in lobster pots or traps. Rarely seen in the markets. Dried specimens offered to tourists Thailand). PALIN Panul 8 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: PALINURIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: None VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO : En - Ornate spiny lobster Fr - Langouste ornée Sp - Langosta ornamentada NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Carapace rounded, covered with numerous spines and tubercles of different sizes. Flagella of antennules longer than antennular peduncle, rostrum absent; bases of antennae separated by a broad antennular plate bearing 1 pair of principal spines anteriorly and a second pair, half the size of the first, in middle of the plate. Each abdominal segment smooth, with- out a transverse groove. Legs with- out pincers. Colour: bluish or greenish, spines on carapace yellow; ante- rior part of carapace on and near the bases of the frontal horns and the anterior spines with a vermicu- lar pattern of pale and dark lines; abdomen with a broad, dark tran- sverse band over the middle of the segments, each segment with a large pale spot on sides and an additional oblique elongate mark higher up on the second, third and fourth segments; no transverse white band along posterior margin of the segments; antennular fla- gella banded; legs with distinct, sharply defined dark and pale blotches. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: The presence of only 2 spots on either side of the second to fourth abdominal seg- ments, and the presence of vermicular mark- ings on and near the bases of frontal horns, distinguish this species from all other Panu- lirus species in the area. Additional distin- guishing characters of similar species are the following: P. homarus: abdominal segments with a scalloped anterior margin on transverse groove; pale spots and stripes on legs indistinct. P. longipes: abdominal segments with a transverse groove; ariterinular plate with only 2 large spines. P. penicillatus: abdominal segments with a trans- P. homarus P. longipes verse groove; aritennular plate anteriorly with a cluster of 4 spines touching each other at their bases; legs striped. P. polyphagus: abdominal segments with a white band along posterior margin; antennular plate with a single anterior pair of spines. Legs with indistinct, interrupted stripes and blotches. P. versicolor: abdominal segments with a distinct P. penicillatus transverse white band between 2 dark bands along poste- P. polyphagus rior margin, carapace with a very characteristic pattern of dark blue fields; legs distinctly striped. All other genera of Palinuridae in the area: anten- nular flagella shorter than distal segment of antennular peduncle. SIZE: P. versicolor P. ornatus Maximum: body length 50 cm; average interrupted antennular plate body length 30 to 35 cm. dorsolateral view complete GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: From the southern half of the Red Sea arid east coast of Africa (south to Durban) eastward to Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. Outside the area, the species is found from the Bay of Bengal to southern Japan, the South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, the Philippines, P. homarus Indonesia, Solomon Islands. New Caledonia, P. longipes Gulf of Papua. Fiji and the northwest, north P. penicillatus and east coasts of Australia as far south as New South Wales. Inhabits shallow, sometimes turbid coas- tal waters in depths of 1 to 8 m: other, near mouths of rivers, but also on coral reefs, on sandy or muddy, sometimes rocky bottoms. Lives solitary or in pairs; seasonal migrations P. polyphagus have beers observed. P. versicolor P. ornatus PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: abdomen Usually taker, in well protected coastal waters in depths to 2 m. In East Africa it is the dominant species (e.g., in Zanzibar and Kenya; Hall, 1960). It is present but less frequent than other species in the southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In India it is fished for on both the west and east coasts. In Sri Lanka, it is the dominant spiny lobster in the north but much less frequent or, the other coasts. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. In South Africa it is sometimes taken with "fish kraals". Observations made in Madagascar (Charbonnier & Crosnier, 1961) and Sri Lanka (De Bruin, 1962) showed that the species does not enter traps; it is mostly obtained by divers who spear them or take them by hand: also caught with nets (castnets, handnets). Used for local consumption or exported as frozen lobster tails. PALIN Panul 9 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: PALINURIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Panulirus penicillatus lOlivier, 1791) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE: None VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Pronghorn spiny lobster Fr - Langouste fourchette Sp - Langosta horquilla NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Carapace rounded, covered with numerous spines and nodules of varying size. Flagella of anten- nules longer than antennular ped- uncle, rostrum absent; bases of antennae separated by a broad antennular plate bearing 2 pairs of almost equal principal spines joined at their bases, their tips diverging. Each abdominal segment with a transverse groove not joining the pleural groove. Anterior legs 1 to 4 without pincers. Colour: ground colour rang- ing from yellow-green through brown-green to blue-black or dark reddish brown, with many cream spots on upper surface of carapace, and many tiny pale spots on abdo- men; antennular flagella uniform green or brown; legs with fine or broader longitudinal white to yel- low stripes. Males are usually darker than females in any one area. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: No other spiny lobster has 2 pairs of almost equal spines joined at their bases on the antennular plate. Additional distinguishing characters of other Panulirus species are the following: P. homarus: abdominal segments with a scalloped anterior margin on transverse groove; antennular plate with 4 spines wide apart; legs with indistinct spots and stripes.
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