Teacher Resource Constructed Response Questions, Document Based Questions and Graphic Organizers for ELEMENTARY and MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
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Low Bridge, Everybody Down' (WITH INDEX)
“Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” Notes & Notions on the Construction & Early Operation of the Erie Canal Chuck Friday Editor and Commentator 2005 “Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” 1 Table of Contents TOPIC PAGE Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 3 The Erie Canal as a Federal Project………………………………………….. 3 New York State Seizes the Initiative………………………………………… 4 Biographical Sketch of Jesse Hawley - Early Erie Canal Advocate…………. 5 Western Terminus for the Erie Canal (Black Rock vs Buffalo)……………… 6 Digging the Ditch……………………………………………………………. 7 Yankee Ingenuity…………………………………………………………….. 10 Eastward to Albany…………………………………………………………… 12 Westward to Lake Erie………………………………………………………… 16 Tying Up Loose Ends………………………………………………………… 20 The Building of a Harbor at Buffalo………………………………………….. 21 Canal Workforce……………………………………………………………… 22 The Irish Worker Story……………………………………………………….. 27 Engineering Characteristics of Canals………………………………………… 29 Early Life on the Canal……………………………………………………….. 33 Winter – The Canal‘sGreatest Impediment……………………………………. 43 Canal Expansion………………………………………………………………. 45 “Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” 2 ―Low Bridge; Everybody Down!‖ Notes & Notions on the Construction & Early Operation of the Erie Canal Initial Resource Book: Dan Murphy, The Erie Canal: The Ditch That Opened A Nation, 2001 Introduction A foolhardy proposal, years of political bickering and partisan infighting, an outrageous $7.5 million price tag (an amount roughly equal to about $4 billion today) – all that for a four foot deep, 40 foot wide ditch connecting Lake Erie in western New York with the Hudson River in Albany. It took 7 years of labor, slowly clawing shovels of earth from the ground in a 363-mile trek across the wilderness of New York State. Through the use of many references, this paper attempts to describe this remarkable construction project. Additionally, it describes the early operation of the canal and its impact on the daily life on or near the canal‘s winding path across the state. -
Hudson Rising on View March 1 – August 4, 2019
Hudson Rising On view March 1 – August 4, 2019 Selected PR Images The New-York Historical Society explores 200 years of ecological change, artistic inspiration, and environmental activism along the Hudson River in Hudson Rising. The exhibition features celebrated Hudson River School paintings, artifacts, and stories that evoke a journey through Hudson River landscapes and weave together 200 years of history from the industrial era to today. Much more than a body of water, the Hudson River and its environs have provided habitat for humans and hundreds of species of fish, birds, and plants; offered an escape for city-dwellers; and became a battleground between industrialists and environmental activists. Writers and artists have captured the river in paintings, drawings, literature, and photographs, and surveyors and scientists have mapped and measured every aspect of it. Thomas Cole, The Course of Empire: Desolation, 1833-1836, New-York Historical Society, Gift of the New-York Gallery of the Fine Arts, 1858.5 Course of Empire is a panoramic series of five paintings intended to inspire reflection on the meaning of “progress.” Shown in a prelude to the exhibition, the first three paintings depict the transformation of a pristine landscape into a new and thriving city. The final two— including — Desolation chart its dramatic decline, leading to the fall of an entire civilization. Model of the Mary Powell, 1947. New-York Historical Society, Gift of Mr. Edward Hungerford Wood- and coal-fired steamboats made Hudson journeys easy, cheap, and reliable, carrying upriver New York City’s burgeoning population and manufactured goods. They brought back ice, bricks, iron, coal, and lumber. -
Sea Ice Engineering
Sea Ice Engineering theory and application Claude Daley Sea Ice Engineering 2017 –Notes ii © Claude G. Daley 2017 With components developed by D.B.Colbourne and B.W.T. Quinton All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. This draft is solely for the use of students registered in EN8074 and EN9096, in Winter 2016. All enquiries to: C.G. Daley Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador Canada A1B 3X5 Email: [email protected] Note: images, sketches and photo's are © C. Daley unless otherwise noted Cover image by C. Daley from GEM Simulation Program Sea Ice Engineering 2017 –Notes iii …………………………………… Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... vi 1 Introducing Arctic Offshore Engineering ................................................................................ 1 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Basics .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Current Arctic Engineering Activities ............................................................................ 3 1.4 Transportation ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.1 -
Erie Canalway Map & Guide
National Park Service Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor U.S. Department of the Interior Erie Canalway Map & Guide Pittsford, Frank Forte Pittsford, The New York State Canal System—which includes the Erie, Champlain, Cayuga-Seneca, and Oswego Canals—is the centerpiece of the Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor. Experience the enduring legacy of this National Historic Landmark by boat, bike, car, or on foot. Discover New York’s Dubbed the “Mother of Cities” the canal fueled the growth of industries, opened the nation to settlement, and made New York the Empire State. (Clinton Square, Syracuse, 1905, courtesy Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Detroit Publishing Extraordinary Canals Company Collection.) pened in 1825, New York’s canals are a waterway link from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes through the heart of upstate New York. Through wars and peacetime, prosperity and This guide presents exciting Orecession, flood and drought, this exceptional waterway has provided a living connection things to do, places to go, to a proud past and a vibrant future. Built with leadership, ingenuity, determination, and hard work, and exceptional activities to the canals continue to remind us of the qualities that make our state and nation great. They offer us enjoy. Welcome! inspiration to weather storms and time-tested knowledge that we will prevail. Come to New York’s canals this year. Touch the building stones CONTENTS laid by immigrants and farmers 200 years ago. See century-old locks, lift Canals and COVID-19 bridges, and movable dams constructed during the canal’s 20th century Enjoy Boats and Boating Please refer to current guidelines and enlargement and still in use today. -
Progress of Stream Measurements
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 166 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIKECTOK REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1905 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL PART II. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River Drainages BY R. E. HORTON, N. C. GROVER, and JOHN C. HOYT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 166 Series P, HydwgrapMe Progress Reporte, 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DlKECTOK REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CALENDAR YEAR 1905 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL PART II. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River Drainages » BY R. E. HORTON, N. C. GROVER, and JOHN C. HOYT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction......-...-...................___......_.....-.---...-----.-.-- 5 Organization and scope of work.........____...__...-...--....----------- 5 Definitions............................................................ 7 Explanation of tables...............................-..--...------.----- 8 Convenient equivalents.....-......._....____...'.--------.----.--------- 9 Field methods of measuring stream flow................................... 10 Office methods of computing run-off...................................... 14 Cooperation and acknowledgments................--..-...--..-.-....-..- 16 Hudson River drainage basin............................................... -
Rapid Access Ice Drill: a New Tool for Exploration of the Deep Antarctic Ice Sheets and Subglacial Geology
Journal of Glaciology (2016), Page 1 of 16 doi: 10.1017/jog.2016.97 © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rapid Access Ice Drill: a new tool for exploration of the deep Antarctic ice sheets and subglacial geology JOHN W. GOODGE,1 JEFFREY P. SEVERINGHAUS2 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Correspondence: John W. Goodge <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. A new Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) will penetrate the Antarctic ice sheets in order to create borehole observatories and take cores in deep ice, the glacial bed and bedrock below. RAID is a mobile drilling system to make multiple long, narrow boreholes in a single field season in Antarctica. RAID is based on a mineral exploration-type rotary rock-coring system using threaded drill pipe to cut through ice using reverse circulation of a non-freezing fluid for pressure-compensation, maintenance of temperature and removal of ice cuttings. Near the bottom of the ice sheet, a wireline latching assem- bly will enable rapid coring of ice, the glacial bed and bedrock below. Once complete, boreholes will be kept open with fluid, capped and available for future down-hole measurement of temperature gradient, heat flow, ice chronology and ice deformation. RAID is designed to penetrate up to 3300 m of ice and take cores in <200 hours, allowing completion of a borehole and coring in ∼10 d at each site. -
Ice Core Science
PAGES International Project Offi ce Sulgeneckstrasse 38 3007 Bern Switzerland Tel: +41 31 312 31 33 Fax: +41 31 312 31 68 [email protected] Text Editing: Leah Christen News Layout: Christoph Kull Hubertus Fischer, Christoph Kull and Circulation: 4000 Thorsten Kiefer, Editors VOL.14, N°1 – APRIL 2006 Ice Core Science Ice cores provide unique high-resolution records of past climate and atmospheric composition. Naturally, the study area of ice core science is biased towards the polar regions but ice cores can also be retrieved from high .pages-igbp.org altitude glaciers. On the satellite picture are those ice cores covered in this issue of PAGES News (Modifi ed image of “The Blue Marble” (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov) provided by kk+w - digital cartography, Kiel, Germany; Photos by PNRA/EPICA, H. Oerter, V. Lipenkov, J. Freitag, Y. Fujii, P. Ginot) www Contents 2 Announcements - Editorial: The future of ice core research - Dating of ice cores - Inside PAGES - Coastal ice cores - Antarctica - New on the bookshelf - WAIS Divide ice core - Antarctica - Tales from the fi eld - ITASE project - Antarctica - In memory of Nick Shackleton - New Dome Fuji ice core - Antarctica - Vostok ice drilling project - Antarctica 6 Program News - EPICA ice cores - Antarctica - The IPICS Initiative - 425-year precipitation history from Italy - New sea-fl oor drilling equipment - Sea-level changes: Black and Caspian Seas - Relaunch of the PAGES Databoard - Quaternary climate change in Arabia 12 National Page 40 Workshop Reports - Chile - 2nd Southern Deserts Conference - Chile - Climate change and tree rings - Russia 13 Science Highlights - Global climate during MIS 11 - Greece - NGT and PARCA ice cores - Greenland - NorthGRIP ice core - Greenland 44 Last Page - Reconstructions from Alpine ice cores - Calendar - Tropical ice cores from the Andes - PAGES Guest Scientist Program ISSN 1563–0803 The PAGES International Project Offi ce and its publications are supported by the Swiss and US National Science Foundations and NOAA. -
Mohawk River Canoe Trip August 5, 2015
Mohawk River Canoe Trip August 5, 2015 A short field guide by Kurt Hollocher The trip This is a short, 2-hour trip on the Mohawk River near Rexford Bridge. We will leave from the boat docks, just upstream (west) of the south end of the bridge. We will probably travel in a clockwise path, first paddling west toward Scotia, then across to the mouth of the Alplaus Kill. Then we’ll head east to see an abandoned lock for a branch of the Erie Canal, go under the Rexford Bridge and by remnants of the Erie Canal viaduct, to the Rexford cliffs. Then we cross again to the south bank, and paddle west back to the docks. Except during the two river crossings it is important to stay out of the navigation channel, marked with red and green buoys, and to watch out for boats. Depending on the winds, we may do the trip backwards. The river The Mohawk River drains an extensive area in east and central New York. Throughout most of its reach, it flows in a single, well-defined channel between uplands on either side. Here in the Rexford area, the same is true now, but it was not always so. Toward the end of the last Ice Age, about 25,000 years ago, ice covered most of New York State. As the ice retreated, a large valley glacier remained in the Hudson River Valley, connected to the main ice sheet a bit farther to the north, when most of western and central New York was clear of ice. -
The Erie Canal in Cohoes
SELF GUIDED TOUR THE ERIE CANAL IN COHOES Sites of the Enlarged Erie Canal Sites of the Original Erie Canal Lock 9 -In George Street Park, north oF Lock 17 -Near the intersection oF John Old Juncta - Junction of the Champlain Alexander Street. and Erie Sts. A Former locktender’s house, and Erie Canals. Near the intersection of Lock 10 -Western wall visible in George now a private residence, is located to the Main and Saratoga Sts. Street Park. A towpath extends through west of the lock. A well-preserved section the park to Lock 9 and Alexander Street. of canal prism is evident to the north of Visible section of “Clinton’s Ditch” southwest of the intersection of Vliet and Lock 11 -Northwest oF the intersection oF the lock. N. Mohawk Sts. Later served as a power George Street and St. Rita’s Place. Lock 18 -West oF North Mohawk Street, canal for Harmony Mill #2; now a park. Lock 12 -West oF Sandusky Street, north of the intersection of North Mohawk partially under Central Ave. Firehouse. and Church Sts. Individual listing on the Old Erie Route - Sections follow Main National Register of Historic Places. and N. Mohawk Streets. Some Lock 13 - Buried under Bedford Street, structures on Main Street date from the south of High Street. No longer visible. early canal era. Lock 14 - East of Standish Street, The Pick of the Locks connected by towpath to Lock 15. A selection of sites for shorter tours Preserving Cohoes Canals & Lock 15 - Southeast of the intersection of Locks Spindle City Historic Vliet and Summit Streets. -
Cohoes-Waterford Concept Plan.Pub
Cohoes—Waterford Canalway Trail Connection Study Prepared for New York State Canal Corporation By Parks and Trails New York Final Draft Version Cohoes-Waterford Canalway Trail Connection Study Final Draft Version September 2004 Page 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 Existing trail initiatives in the study area ...................................................................... 6 Purpose of Study .......................................................................................................... 7 Inventory and Analysis of Study Area ................................................................................. 7 Canalway Trail Resources ........................................................................................... 7 Waterford Canal Harbor Visitor Center ........................................................................9 Hudson Valley Greenway Trail ...................................................................................10 Street System Resources ................................................................................................. 11 Streets ....................................................................................................................... -
Distribution of Ddt, Chlordane, and Total Pcb's in Bed Sediments in the Hudson River Basin
NYES&E, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 1997 DISTRIBUTION OF DDT, CHLORDANE, AND TOTAL PCB'S IN BED SEDIMENTS IN THE HUDSON RIVER BASIN Patrick J. Phillips1, Karen Riva-Murray1, Hannah M. Hollister2, and Elizabeth A. Flanary1. 1U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy NY 12180. 2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Troy NY 12180. Abstract Data from streambed-sediment samples collected from 45 sites in the Hudson River Basin and analyzed for organochlorine compounds indicate that residues of DDT, chlordane, and PCB's can be detected even though use of these compounds has been banned for 10 or more years. Previous studies indicate that DDT and chlordane were widely used in a variety of land use settings in the basin, whereas PCB's were introduced into Hudson and Mohawk Rivers mostly as point discharges at a few locations. Detection limits for DDT and chlordane residues in this study were generally 1 µg/kg, and that for total PCB's was 50 µg/kg. Some form of DDT was detected in more than 60 percent of the samples, and some form of chlordane was found in about 30 percent; PCB's were found in about 33 percent of the samples. Median concentrations for p,p’- DDE (the DDT residue with the highest concentration) were highest in samples from sites representing urban areas (median concentration 5.3 µg/kg) and lower in samples from sites in large watersheds (1.25 µg/kg) and at sites in nonurban watersheds. (Urban watershed were defined as those with a population density of more than 60/km2; nonurban watersheds as those with a population density of less than 60/km2, and large watersheds as those encompassing more than 1,300 km2. -
Excerpts from the Book
Excerpts from Heaven Up-h’isted-ness! Copyright © 2011 by the Adirondack Forty-Sixers, Inc. All rights reserved. On the formation of the Forty-Sixers of Troy: During the early 1930s Bob Marshall’s booklet, “The High Peaks of the Adirondacks,” and Russell Carson’s Peaks and People of the Adirondacks captured the attention of a small group of outdoor enthusiasts from Grace Methodist Church in Troy, in particular the church’s pastor, the Rev. Ernest Ryder (#7), and two parishioners, Grace Hudowalski (#9) and Edward Hudowalski (#6)…. Ed and the Rev. Ryder had not, originally, intended to climb all 46. According to Ed, their goal was 25 peaks, but when they hit 27 “by accident,” they decided to climb 30. After reaching 30 they decided to climb all of them. The two finished arm-in-arm on Dix in the pouring rain on September 13, 1936. They shared a prayer of praise and thanks for their accomplishment. Less than six months after the Rev. Ryder and Ed finished their 46, the duo organized a club, comprised mainly of Ed Hudowalski’s Sunday School class, known as the Forty-Sixers of Troy. It was Ryder who coined the name “Forty-Sixer.” The term first appeared in print in an article in the Troy Record newspaper in 1937 announcing the formation of the hiking club: “Troy has its first mountain climbing club, all officers of which have climbed more than thirty of the major peaks in the Adirondacks. The club recently organized will be known as the Forty-sixers...” On Grace Hudowalski: Much like Bob Marshall, whose love of the wilderness was his all-consuming passion, Grace devoted her talents and energy, in both her professional and personal life, to promoting the exploration of New York State and in particular the Adirondack Mountains.