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Climate Change Implications for Fisheries of the Benguela Current Region Making the Best of Change?

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Climate Change Implications for Fisheries of the Benguela Current Region Making the Best of Change? FAO ISSN 2070-6103 27 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 27 27 Climate change implications Climate change implications for fisheries of the Benguela current region – Making the best of change region Climate change implications for fisheries of the Benguela current for fisheries of the Benguela Climate change implications current region Making the best of change for fisheries of the Benguela FAO/Benguela Current Commission Workshop 1-3 November 2011 current region Windhoek, Namibia Making the best of change These are the proceedings from the Workshop on “Climate change implications for fisheries of the Benguela Current region: making the best of change” held in Windhoek, FAO/Benguela Current Commission Workshop Namibia, from 1 to 3 November 2011, organized by the 1–3 November 2011 Windhoek, Namibia Benguela Current Commission in collaboration with the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. The meeting included participants representing climate change and fisheries issues from Angola, Namibia and South Africa who discussed the regional biophysical features and decadal trends in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) as well as the national contexts and implications of climate variability and change for fisheries in the basin. The meeting identified vulnerabilities specific to the fisheries and dependent communities and recommendations for actions to increase adaptability and resilience of the fisheries systems. The meeting recommended that a regional programme be developed with the aim of reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity of the social-ecological fisheries systems of the BCLME, primarily focusing on: (i) establishing and/or improving national and regional interagency collaboration and communication to facilitate responses and action in relation to climate change; (ii) developing and implementing a holistic and coherent methodology for vulnerability assessment of fisheries; and (ii) developing and implementing pilot projects to develop and test anticipatory and responsive actions, providing for lesson learning/sharing and improvements. ISBN 978-92-5-107342-1 ISSN 2070-6103 FAO 9 789 251 0 7 3 4 2 1 I3053E/1/09.12 Cover photo: Philippe Rekacew SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Publishing Policy and Support Branch Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 27 Climate change implications for fisheries of the Benguela Current region Making the best of change? FAO/Benguela Current Commission Workshop 1–3 November 2011 Windhoek, Namibia Cassandra De Young Policy and Economics Division FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy and Antonia Hjort Sinéad Sheridan Sandy Davies Nordenfjeldske Development Services (NFDS) Gaborone, Botswana FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107342-1 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 iii Preparation of this document These Proceedings present the outcome of the Workshop on Climate Change Implications for Fisheries of the Benguela Current Region: Making the Best of Change. The Workshop was hosted by the Benguela Current Commission (BCC) in Windhoek, Namibia, from 1 to 3 November 2011. It was financed through a Japanese-funded, and FAO-implemented, project on Climate Change, Fisheries and Aquaculture: Understanding the Consequences as a Basis for Planning and Implementing Suitable Responses and Adaptation Strategies (GCP/INT/253/JPN), in collaboration with the BCC. Further support was provided by Nordenfjeldske Development Services (NFDS) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The contributed papers were drafted by Ian Hampton and are reproduced as submitted. iv Abstract These Proceedings include the Report of, and the background papers prepared for, the Workshop on Climate Change Implications for Fisheries of the Benguela Current Region: Making the Best of Change. Presentation topics included: the regional biophysical features and decadal trends in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME); national contexts of climate variability and change and fisheries; and a vulnerability assessment of the region’s fisheries. Discussions largely focused on: aspects of developing a methodology for vulnerability assessment; definition of vulnerability in a fisheries context; potential climate change impacts on, and vulnerability levels of, the different fisheries in the region; and potential short- and medium-term adaptation actions. The Workshop recommended that a regional programme be developed with the aim of reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity of the social-ecological fisheries systems of the BCLME, primarily focusing on: establishing/improving national and regional interagency collaboration and communication to facilitate responses and action in relation to climate change; developing a holistic and coherent methodology for vulnerability assessment of fisheries; developing and implementing pilot projects to develop and test anticipatory and responsive actions, providing for lesson learning/ sharing and improvements. De Young, C., Hjort, A., Sheridan, S. & Davies, S. Climate change implications for fisheries of the Benguela Current region – Making the best of change. FAO/Benguela Current Commission Workshop, 1–3 November 2011, Windhoek, Namibia. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings. No. 27. Rome, FAO. 2012. 125 pp. v Contents Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements vi Abbreviations and acronyms vii Workshop summary 1 Opening of the meeting and arrangement of the sessions 1 Introduction of participants 1 Background and objectives of the Workshop 1 Overview of the regional biophysical features and decadal trends in the BCLME 2 National perspectives on fisheries and climate change 4 Adaptation initiatives in the region 6 Regional vulnerability assessment 7 Climate change – issues and impacts: vulnerability assessment of the fisheries of the BCLME 8 Potential solutions/actions – discussion and examples 12 Recommendations of Workshop and options for moving forward 14 Roadmap 15 Closing of the Workshop 16 Annex 1 – List of participants 17 Annex 2 – Agenda 20 CONTRIBUTED PAPERS 23 Vulnerability to climate change of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem and the human livelihoods dependent on it 25 Biophysical features and trends in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem 79 vi Acknowledgements The organization of the Workshop and the outcome of which is presented in these Proceedings would not have been possible without FAO’s project on Climate Change, Fisheries and Aquaculture: Understanding the Consequences as a Basis for Planning and Implementing Suitable Responses and Adaptation Strategies (GCP /INT/253/JPN), funded by Japan, and the organizational contributions of the BCC. Dr Ian Hampton contributed substantially through research and analysis, which resulted in the two background documents of the Workshop. NFDS contributed through co-facilitating the Workshop, taking minutes and drafting the Workshop report. Lastly, the invaluable contribution of the Workshop participants is greatly acknowledged. vii Abbreviations and acronyms ACCESS Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science AECDI Agency of International Cooperation for Development BCC Benguela Current Commission BCLME Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem COP Conference of the Parties EAF ecosystem approach to fisheries GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG greenhouse gas HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome IGO/CSO intergovernmental organization/civil society organization IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LME large marine ecosystem MPA marine protected area NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NFDS Nordenfjeldske Development Services NGO non-governmental organization PaCFA Global Partnership on Climate, Fisheries and Aquaculture PIF Project Identification Form REDD
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