A Brief History of the Digital Revolution

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Brief History of the Digital Revolution A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION We’re all living in the information age. From healthcare to education, technology has transformed our Apple’s launch of the Facebook is born, and The iPhone is launched Google begins lives, and the digital iPad propels tablet a new age of social and smartphones usage testing driverless revolution shows no computers into the media begins explodes cars sign of slowing down mainstream 2003 2004 2005 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2016 Present Day Skype launches YouTube launches Bitcoin becomes instantly Commercial The virtual reality with a video of the the first widely connecting introduction of headset, Oculus site’s co-founder at accepted fully 3D printers Rift, becomes people around the zoo: a clip that digital currency available to Broadband is the world has garnered almost consumers introduced to the via video 40 million views UK, providing much faster 2000 internet access Tim Berners Lee Smartphone is CERN’s web browser invents the World released, supporting software is released Wide Web whilst calls, email and fax for public use working at CERN 1999 1997 1994 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 Bluetooth Launch of first modern Commercial dial up 0.05% of people are A fully digital technology is social media site – Six internet becomes using the internet camera is introduced to Degrees available, cue released, offering the world screeching noises storage for up to 10 photos First mobile phone 1984 launched, costing The laptop ~$4,000. A 10-hour First commercially computer is born, charge provides 30 available computer First email is sent, sporting a screen minutes use The transistor is invented: released, for reading something little bigger than data transfer devices that simple arithmetic along the lines of: a matchbox underpin digital tech and data handling QWERTYUIOP 1947 1950 1951 1969 1971 1972 1981 1982 An early pager is APRANET network Games console released, ABBA become the first launched for established: an early along with precursor to artists to have an physicians in precursor to the internet the iconic game Pong album produced on CD New York City.
Recommended publications
  • The New Digital Economy and Development
    UNCTAD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE «NEW» DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD Technical Notes on ICT for Development N˚8 UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD, DIVISION ON TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY AND ICT BRANCH ICT POLICY SECTION TECHNICAL NOTE NO8 UNEDITED TN/UNCTAD/ICT4D/08 OCTOBER 2017 The ‘New’ Digital Economy and Development 1 Abstract : This technical note frames the ‘New’ Digital Economy (NDE) as including, most prominently: 1) advanced manufacturing, robotics and factory automation, 2) new sources of data from mobile and ubiquitous Internet connectivity, 3) cloud computing, 4) big data analytics, and 5) artificial intelligence. The main driver of the NDE is the continued exponential improvement in the cost-performance of information and communications technology (ICT), mainly microelectronics, following Moore’s Law. This is not new. The digitization of design, advanced manufacturing, robotics, communications, and distributed computer networking (e.g. the Internet) have been altering innovation processes, the content of tasks, and the possibilities for the relocation of work for decades. However, three features of the NDE are relatively novel. First, new sources of data, from smart phones to factory sensors, are sending vast quantities of data into the “cloud,” where they can be analysed to generate new insights, products, and services. Second, new business models based on technology and product platforms — platform innovation, platform ownership, and platform complimenting — are significantly altering the organization of industries and the terms of competition in a range of leading-edge industries and product categories. Third, the performance of ICT hardware and software has advanced to the point where artificial intelligence and machine learning applications are proliferating.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fourth Industrial Revolution: How the EU Can Lead It
    EUV0010.1177/1781685818762890European ViewSchäfer 762890research-article2018 Article European View 2018, Vol. 17(1) 5 –12 The fourth industrial © The Author(s) 2018 https://doi.org/10.1177/1781685818762890DOI: 10.1177/1781685818762890 revolution: How the EU journals.sagepub.com/home/euv can lead it Matthias Schäfer Abstract The fourth industrial revolution is different from the previous three. This is because machines and artificial intelligence play a significant role in enhancing productivity and wealth creation, which directly changes and challenges the role of human beings. The fourth industrial revolution will also intensify globalisation. Therefore, technology will become much more significant, because regions and societies that cope positively with the technological impact of the fourth industrial revolution will have a better economic and social future. This article argues that the EU can play an important role in developing an environment appropriate for the fourth industrial revolution, an environment that is vibrant and open to new technologies. Member states would profit from an EU-wide coordinated framework for this area. The EU has to establish new common policies for the market-oriented diffusion and widespread use of new technologies. Keywords Fourth industrial revolution, Technology policy, Industrial policy, Leadership Introduction Historically there have been four industrial revolutions (see Schwab 2016). The first began in the early nineteenth century, when the power of steam and water dramatically increased the productivity of human (physical) labour. The second revolution started almost a hundred years later with electricity as its key driver. Mass industrial production Corresponding author: M. Schäfer, Department Politics and Consulting, Head of the Team for Economic Policy, Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung, Berlin, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Era for ASEAN Conglomerates Hype Or Reality?
    Digital era for ASEAN conglomerates Hype or reality? Conglomerates have always played a key role in ASEAN economies, with a contribution by top 40 conglomerates, estimated to be more than 20% of the combined ASEAN GDP in 2015. With the digital revolution reshaping the business world across sectors, conglomerates need to devise effective digital strategies to strengthen their leadership position, or find themselves being challenged by more agile newcomers. The USD 100+ billion opportunity for ASEAN conglomerates “Digital” is a hot topic that has forced businesses to question whether it is a passing trend or a strategic topic of substance. Often, we have observed clients consider “digital” as a silver bullet for devising innovative ways of upgrading the business in search of extra opportunities of growth and value. But there are still questions that are not clearly understood. Is digital all about start-ups or is it relevant to established companies? Is it limited to delivering better customer experiences and efficiencies or for enabling focused targeting of sub-segments? Within the ASEAN context, business leaders are also faced with the challenge of managing the diversity and complexity of multiple markets ranging from a fully developed economy (e.g. Singapore) to a market that is only recently opening up to global practices (e.g. Myanmar). How will the digital economy emerge in different markets of ASEAN given such diversity? These are added complications requiring views on how to localize digital innovations to fit the varying market environments. We believe that business leaders need to start by asking the fundamental question “Does digital matter in ASEAN?” Without conviction in this issue, there will be doubts on whether it is even worth putting the topic on the table.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Choices for a Digital Age
    JUNE 2017 POLICY CHOICES FOR A DIGITAL AGE TAKING A WHOLE ECONOMY, WHOLE SOCIETY APPROACH DISCUSSION PAPER This publication is part of Friends of Europe’s work on digitalisation and the 4th Industrial Revolution, undertaken in the framework of our New Economic Models programme. It brings together the views of Friends of Europe’s large network of policymakers, scholars, civil society and business representatives on digitalisation and the 4th Industrial Revolution. It closes a series of three high-level working group meetings that Friends of Europe organised in 2016 – 2017 to explore the impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution across policymaking, industry and society. JUNE 2017 POLICY CHOICES FOR A DIGITAL AGE TAKING A WHOLE ECONOMY, WHOLE SOCIETY APPROACH DISCUSSION PAPER The authors in this discussion paper contribute in their personal capacities, and their views do not necessarily reflect those of the organisations they represent, nor of Friends of Europe and its board of trustees, members or partners. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted, provided that full credit is given to Friends of Europe, and that any such reproduction, whether in whole or in part, is not sold unless incorporated in other works. Friends of Europe is grateful for the financial support it received from Google and the input of the McKinsey Global Institute for the publication of this paper. Friends of Europe was responsible for guaranteeing editorial balance and full independence, as evidenced by the variety of the articles’ authors and the contents of the contributions. Publisher: Geert Cami Directors: Nathalie Furrer & Dharmendra Kanani Editor: David O’Leary Programme Manager: Natasha Ibbotson Design: José Gonçalves Communications Assistants: Carys Lawrie & Iiris André © Friends of Europe - June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Andrus Ansip 8 OVERVIEW Dharmendra Kanani 11 PART 1: RETHINKING ECONOMIC MODELS – GDP OR DATA 16 Moving beyond the balance-sheet economy Michael Mandel 17 Transatlantic cooperation and collaboration on the digital economy Daniel A.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Marine Corps Professional Reading List (Revised 3/11/2019)
    United States Marine Corps Professional Reading List (revised 3/11/2019) * Commandant’s Choice Books * (All Marines) First to Fight (Krulak) Machine, Platform, Crowd (McAfee) Hue 1968 (Bowden) Non-Obvious 2019 (Bhargara) The Leader’s Bookshelf (Stavridis) Warfighting (MCDP-1, USMC) Legacy: 15 Lessons in Leadership (Kerr) A World in Disarray (Haass) * Entry Level Enlisted * * Career Level Enlisted * (Recruit - Poolee) (Cpl – Sgt) Battle Cry (Uris) Battle Leadership (Von Schell) Corps Values (Miller) The Defense of Duffer’s Drift (Swinton) Gates of Fire (Pressfield) Ghost Fleet (Singer, Cole) Grit (Duckworth) The Killer Angels (Shaara) Starship Troopers (Heinlein) Left of Bang (Van Horne) On Combat (Grossman) * Entry Level Officer * On Killing (Grossman) (Candidate - Midshipman) Outliers (Gladwell) Battle Cry (Uris) Resilience (Greitens) Corps Values (Miller) The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us about Gates of Fire (Pressfield) Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate (Kaplan) I’m Staying with My Boys (Proser) We Were Soldiers Once…and Young (Moore, Galloway) The Killer Angels (Shaara) With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa (Sledge) My Men Are My Heroes (Helms) Starship Troopers (Heinlein) * Career Level Officer * (WO – CWO2 – Capt) * Primary Level Enlisted * Assault from the Sea: Essays on the History of Amphibious (Pvt - LCpl) Warfare (Bartlett) Chesty (Hoffman) Attacks (Rommel) Ender’s Game (Card) Black Hearts (Frederick) The Last Stand of Fox Company (Drury) Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends The Marines of Montford Point (McLaurin) on It (Leslie) On Call in Hell (Jadick) Forgotten Warriors (Hammes) Ready Player One (Cline) Into the Tiger’s Jaw (Petersen) Rifleman Dodd (Forester) Neptune’s Inferno: The U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Growth in the Digital Era
    Economic Growth in the Digital Era Lawrence J. Lau, Ph. D., D. Soc. Sc. (hon.) Kwoh-Ting Li Professor of Economic Development Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072, U.S.A. Symposium on “Welcoming the Challenge of the Digital Era” 2003 Kwoh-Ting Li Forum November 29, 2003, Taipei Phone: 1-650-723-3708; Fax: 1-650-723-7145 Email: [email protected]; WebPages: WWW.STANFORD.EDU/~LJLAU A Preview The Characteristics of the Digital Era Interactions with Long-Term Economic Trends Increasing de-verticalization or fragmentation of production Rising globalization Economic Implications of the Digital Era The Sources of East Asian Economic Growth Government Policies for Economic Growth in the Digital Era Lawrence J. Lau, Stanford University 2 Internet Users in the Asia/Pacific Region Internet Users in the Asia/Pacific Region (millions) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Annual Rate of Growth China 16.5 27.2 40.4 59.4 84.5 111.6 141.3 43.0 Hong Kong 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.6 5.4 19.0 India 3.2 6.2 11.0 18.9 30.3 42.3 62.5 64.1 Indonesia 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.6 5.2 7.3 39.3 South Korea 5.3 8.1 10.7 14.1 17.7 22.1 26.8 31.0 Malaysia 1.2 1.7 2.4 3.5 4.7 6.2 8.1 37.5 Philippines 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.7 4.1 6.3 8.6 55.9 Singapore 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 20.1 Taiwan 4.4 5.5 6.9 8.6 10.8 12.4 15.8 23.7 Thailand 1.0 1.5 2.3 3.5 4.6 6.5 8.7 43.4 Asia/Pacific Region 66.2 94.5 128.0 173.3 231.5 295.7 374.4 33.5 Note: 1999 figures estimated and 2000-2005 figures projected by the Yankee Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Object, Digital Subjects
    DIGITAL OBJECTS DIGITAL SUBJECTS Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data Edited by DAVID CHANDLER and CHRISTIAN FUCHS Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data Edited by David Chandler and Christian Fuchs University of Westminster Press www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk Published by University of Westminster Press 101 Cavendish Street London W1W 6UW www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk Text ©the editors and several contributors 2019 First published 2019 Cover: Diana Jarvis Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Hardback): 978-1-912656-08-0 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-912656-09-7 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-912656-10-3 ISBN (Kindle): 978-1-912656-11-0 ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-912656-20-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book29 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying and distributing the work, providing author attribution is clearly stated, that you are not using the material for commercial purposes, and that modified versions are not distributed. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see: http://www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk/ site/publish. Competing Interests: the editors and contributors declare that they have no competing interests in publishing this book Suggested citation: Chandler, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimizing Urban Services Through Digital Innovation PECC, Taipeh, March 2018 Towards a New Urban Civilization
    Optimizing urban services through digital innovation PECC, Taipeh, March 2018 Towards a new urban civilization • The digital revolution is changing everything: ▪ infrastructure is changing; ▪ the relations between local authorities and citizens are changing; ▪ services are changing; ▪ the city is changing. • More than a revolution, “digital technology is a civilization” *. * Milad Doueilhi, Professor of Digital Humanities at Paris-Sorbonne University Part I – Digital technology is reshaping the ties between cities and business The digital revolution is exploding the universe of the possible (1) • Combining their respective power, connectivity and big data are opening up unprecedented prospects by boosting the capacity of cities, their local businesses and people to take action. • The digital shift is opening the way to more efficient, more fluid and more cost-effective operation of local services: ▪ improved efficiency is derived from the many sensors packed into infrastructure and equipment that make it possible to optimize real-time operation ▪ instant detection of a leak in a public pipe or the immediate adjustment of heating in a municipal building result in annual savings of thousands of euros. • The digital revolution is leading to the creation of high-value-added interactive services that make life easier for businesses, employees, residents and tourists, and raise a city’s prosperity and profile. ▪ These new services are very rational: more practical, faster, more personalized and less costly. ▪ Digital systems can now give meaning and value to data that had neither, thereby making it possible to develop a multitude of new and previously unimaginable services. As a result, the ties between local government, business and people have become the focal point for the creation of shared wealth.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of U. S. History
    OUTLINE OF U.S. History Early Settlement Colonial Period Road to Independence Forming a Government Westward Expansion Sectional Conflict Civil War Economic Growth Discontent and Reform War, Prosperity, and Depression The New Deal and World War II Postwar Prosperity Civil Rights and Social Change A New World Order Bridge to the 21st Century 2008 Presidential Election OUTLINEOUTLINE OFOF UU..SS.. HISTORYHISTORY Bureau of International Information Programs U.S. Department of State 2011 OUTLINEOUTLINE OFOF UU..SS.. HISTORYHISTORY CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Early America . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . 50. CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . .110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . .128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . .140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . .154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . .188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . .202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War II . .212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . 256. CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . .274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . .304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . .320 CHAPTER 16 Politics of Hope . .340 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . 38 Transforming a Nation . 89 Monuments and Memorials . .161 Turmoil and Change . .229 21st Century Nation . 293. Bibliography . .346 Index . 349. 4 CHAPTER 1 EARLY AMERICA Mesa Verde settlement in Colorado, 13th century. CHAPTER 1: EARLY AMERICA “Heaven and Earth never agreed better to frame a place for man’s habitation.” Jamestown founder John Smith, 1607 THE FIRST AMERICANS ancestors had for thousands of years, along the Siberian coast and then At the height of the Ice Age, be- across the land bridge .
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    VIRTUAL 2021 THE FLAGSHIP EVENT of the Consumer Goods Industry Executive Summary st th www.tcgfsummit.com 21June 2021- 24 #CGFSummit The Global Summit THE2021 - Executive GLOBAL Summary SUMMIT 2021 IN NUMBERS over from over 700 42 200 attendees countries companies 2 United Kingdom 5 Belgium 1 United States France 4 Back to Official Programme 3 Germany SOCIAL MEDIA over 130 speakers 95k 5.4M impressions2 potential reach The Global Summit 2021 - Executive Summary NOW WHAT? The world has changed since we last met in Vancouver, June 2019. There are still a million questions out there on the long-term impact of COVID and how to build back better. These questions are compounded further by changing consumer behaviours and sentiments which continue to reflect the uncertainty of the COVID-19 crisis; the impact on businesses, relationships and the demands of consumers remains yet to be fully understood. Add to these the fast-approaching UN Food Systems Summit and COP26, and there is an even more heightened focus on what businesses are doing to secure sustainable food systems, protect the planet and look after both their employees and consumers. So, Now What? THEY BUILT THE GLOBAL SUMMIT 2021 The Global Summit Committee Chairman: Anders SVENSSON, ICA AB, Sweden Mark BATENIC - IGA, USA Jerry BLACK - Aeon, Japan Elaine BOWERS COVENTRY - Coca-Cola, USA Klaus DOHLE - Dohle, Germany Annie MURPHY - WBA, UK Alexis PERAKIS-VALAT - L’Oréal, France Kian Peng SEAH - NTUC Fairprice, Singapore Loïc TASSEL - Procter & Gamble, France Bjorn TIMELIN - McKinsey, UK The Summit Taskforce Chairman: Mark BATENIC, IGA, USA Elaine BOWERS COVENTRY - Coca-Cola, USA Valerie JABBAR - Kroger, USA Marcus BOKKERINK - BCG, USA Jose LOAIZA - Grupo Exito, Columbia 3 The Global Summit 2021 - Executive Summary THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS Once more, our prized Official Sponsors trusted the sustained value of the Global Summit and supported the first-ever virtual edition of our flagship event.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Age at Our Doorstep Smart, Sustainable and Global Growth
    The Golden Age at our Doorstep Smart, Sustainable and Global Growth By: Carlota Pérez, Andrés Schäfer Published in ‘Faster than the Future’, Digital Future Society. PREFACE - Warning to Readers The digital era has captivated human imagination not only with its exploits, but also with the dangers it entails. Dazzled by the brilliance of technology, we find it hard to glimpse its true potential for completely changing everything from our everyday lives to public policy. At some point in every technological revolution, a new paradigm begins to prevail. It is a moment of vertigo. ACT I – Four (and a half) chapters The Great Depression of the nineteen-thirties was epitomised in Charlie Chaplin’s film Modern Times (1936). This mischievous comedy recounts the misfortunes of Chaplin’s ‘Tramp’ character along with his companion, the ‘Gamin’ (Paulette Godard), at a time of unemployment, hunger and repression of the poor, against the backdrop of apparent gleam of mass production and automation, with its relentlessness and dehumanisation. In one scene, our two underdogs dream of a bountiful life in a modest suburban home from which they need only to reach their hand out of the window to grab the low hanging fruits of a brave new world. Dreams are, however, just dreams and the outcome of the story remains open. In the end, the two lovers only have each other. They walk hand in hand down a newly paved but deserted road in the middle of nowhere, towards an uncertain future. Watching a stream of these images under the strict lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic is unsettling.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De História Programa De Pós-Gradua
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA ECONÔMICA LAURO FABIANO DE SOUZA CARVALHO REVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E MERCADO DE TRABALHO: A REDEFINIÇÃO DA CATEGORIA PROFISSIONAL BANCÁRIA BRASILEIRA. (Versão corrigida.) São Paulo 2018 LAURO FABIANO DE SOUZA CARVALHO REVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E MERCADO DE TRABALHO: A REDEFINIÇÃO DA CATEGORIA PROFISSIONAL BANCÁRIA BRASILEIRA. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Econômica do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como requisito para a obten- ção do título de Mestre em História Econômica. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Francisco Assis de Queiroz (Versão corrigida.) São Paulo 2018 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Carvalho, Lauro Fabiano de Souza C257r Revolução tecnológica e mercado de trabalho: a redefinição da categoria profissional bancária brasileira / Lauro Fabiano de Souza Carvalho ; orientador Francisco Assis de Queiroz. - São Paulo, 2018. 135 f. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de História. Área de concentração: História Econômica. 1. História econômica. 2. Revolução tecnológica. 3. Mercado de trabalho. 4. Categoria bancária. 5. Revolução digital. I. Queiroz, Francisco Assis de , orient. II. Título. LAURO FABIANO DE SOUZA CARVALHO REVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E MERCADO DE TRABALHO: A REDEFINIÇÃO DA CATEGORIA PROFISSIONAL BANCÁRIA BRASILEIRA. Dissertação de Mestrado BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________ Orientador: Prof.
    [Show full text]