Evolution of Technology in the Digital Arena: Theories, Firm-Level Strategies and State Policies
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ICPP3 Full Paper Cover Page
3rd International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP3) June 28-30, 2017 – Singapore Panel T06P01 Public Sector Innovation: Organizational and Institutional Trends in the Post-New Public Management Era Confucian Public Administration and Innovation Policy: A Conceptual Perspective - Mencius, Max Weber and the Mandate of Heaven Authors Wolfgang Drechsler; Erkki Karo Both Ragnar Nurkse School of innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; [email protected], [email protected] Confucian Public Administration and Innovation Policy: A Conceptual Perspective Mencius, Max Weber and the Mandate of Heaven Wolfgang Drechsler1 and Erkki Karo2 1. Tallinn University of Technology, Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance (TUT RND) and Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; [email protected] 2. TUT RND; [email protected] Abstract: We offer a tentative explanation to the ‘Confucian Paradox’, i.e. that a particularly hierarchical, retrospective and seemingly non-innovative Public Administration (PA) system appears to support innovation-based economic performance and development. We argue that the support of private sector innovation requires specific legitimacy and capacities from the government to invest into high-risk innovation activities as well as to pursue public sector innovation, if needed for support of the private sector innovation. We suggest that the ‘Confucian Paradox’ emerges from the Western perceptions of how such legitimacy and capacities can be generated. Instead, we propose that the structural-institutional model of Confucian PA together with the philosophical-cultural concept of the Mandate of Heaven, i.e. that legitimacy comes through overall, rather than some specific-indicator driven, performance, can be seen as potentially providing the East and Southeast Asian ideational and structural context in which civil servants are endowed with both the legitimacy and ‘capacities’ to support innovation – and the obligation to do so as well. -
• SSH-2007-8.2 Horizontal Measures to Support International
The EULAKS Summer School TheRoleof theSSH in theConstruction of theKnowledge-basedSociety – European and Latin American Perspectives Dirk Johann (ZSI), Austria MOST II – 10th Session of the Intergovernmental Council UNESCO Paris, 14 March 2011 Project funded under the Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities www.eulaks.eu GENERAL INFORMATION • SSH-2007-8.2 Horizontal measures to support international cooperation • Project Reference: 217190 • Type of contract: Support Action (CSA) • Start: 2008-02-01 (5-month extension requested) • End: 2010-10-31 • Duration: 33 months • Estimated costs: € 775,942.00 • EC Funding: € 694,094.00 2 1 EULAKS IS … … a Euro-Latin training and learning network in the Social Sciences and Humanities 3 EULAKS PRETENDS TO … … promote a shared unterstanding of the challenges in the construction of Knowledge Societies in Europe and Latin America through the support for networks and partnerships between social science communities of both regions 4 2 EULAKS CONSORTIUM 3 European and 4 Latin American partner institutions 5 EULAKS OBJECTIVES • To promote the role of the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in the EU – LAC policy dialogue on S&T cooperation • To support current and future collaborative research endeavours in the field of SSH between the European Union and Latin America • To strengthen networks that link social science communities and institutions to policymakers and practitioners in both regions 6 3 The EULAKS Summer School at FLACSO 7 Organisation • Academic Committee (launch of call, evaluation of applications, -
The New Digital Economy and Development
UNCTAD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE «NEW» DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD Technical Notes on ICT for Development N˚8 UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD, DIVISION ON TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY AND ICT BRANCH ICT POLICY SECTION TECHNICAL NOTE NO8 UNEDITED TN/UNCTAD/ICT4D/08 OCTOBER 2017 The ‘New’ Digital Economy and Development 1 Abstract : This technical note frames the ‘New’ Digital Economy (NDE) as including, most prominently: 1) advanced manufacturing, robotics and factory automation, 2) new sources of data from mobile and ubiquitous Internet connectivity, 3) cloud computing, 4) big data analytics, and 5) artificial intelligence. The main driver of the NDE is the continued exponential improvement in the cost-performance of information and communications technology (ICT), mainly microelectronics, following Moore’s Law. This is not new. The digitization of design, advanced manufacturing, robotics, communications, and distributed computer networking (e.g. the Internet) have been altering innovation processes, the content of tasks, and the possibilities for the relocation of work for decades. However, three features of the NDE are relatively novel. First, new sources of data, from smart phones to factory sensors, are sending vast quantities of data into the “cloud,” where they can be analysed to generate new insights, products, and services. Second, new business models based on technology and product platforms — platform innovation, platform ownership, and platform complimenting — are significantly altering the organization of industries and the terms of competition in a range of leading-edge industries and product categories. Third, the performance of ICT hardware and software has advanced to the point where artificial intelligence and machine learning applications are proliferating. -
Technical Change and the New Context for Development.Pdf
Technical change and the new context for development Carlota Perez Published as: Perez, Carlota (1994) "Technical change and the new context for development", in Lynn Mytelka ed., South-South Co-operation in a Global Perspective, OECD, Paris, pp. 55-87 Table of contents Introduction 1. The growth of intangibles in investment 2. Investing in organizational change: a. Organization as the Achilles heel of the traditional technology leader b. A change in common sense and the difficulty of diffusion c. Reorganization as an effective option of modernization 3. Investing in human capital a. From people as cost to investment in people b. The need for a participatory framework c. Education and training at the core or development strategies 4. Investing in technological capability a. A new focus on innovation and diffusion b. Networks of collaboration c. Networks and the habits of an ISI past 5. Market focusing and strategic specialization a. The collective dimension of specialization b. Turning static advantages into dynamic strengths: rescuing the development value of natural resources c. Market segment and technology focus d. Networks and territorial proximity 6. Internal constraints and windows of opportunity a. Obstacles to surmount and opportunities to pursue b. Some avenues for south-south cooperation Bibliography 1 Introduction For the past two decades the world has been shaken by three successive waves of change. First there was the all-pervasive impact of information technology on products, production, services and communication. Then there was the managerial revolution with the diffusion of organizational practices pioneered by the Japanese and other challenges to traditional mass production emerging in various countries of Europe and elsewhere. -
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: How the EU Can Lead It
EUV0010.1177/1781685818762890European ViewSchäfer 762890research-article2018 Article European View 2018, Vol. 17(1) 5 –12 The fourth industrial © The Author(s) 2018 https://doi.org/10.1177/1781685818762890DOI: 10.1177/1781685818762890 revolution: How the EU journals.sagepub.com/home/euv can lead it Matthias Schäfer Abstract The fourth industrial revolution is different from the previous three. This is because machines and artificial intelligence play a significant role in enhancing productivity and wealth creation, which directly changes and challenges the role of human beings. The fourth industrial revolution will also intensify globalisation. Therefore, technology will become much more significant, because regions and societies that cope positively with the technological impact of the fourth industrial revolution will have a better economic and social future. This article argues that the EU can play an important role in developing an environment appropriate for the fourth industrial revolution, an environment that is vibrant and open to new technologies. Member states would profit from an EU-wide coordinated framework for this area. The EU has to establish new common policies for the market-oriented diffusion and widespread use of new technologies. Keywords Fourth industrial revolution, Technology policy, Industrial policy, Leadership Introduction Historically there have been four industrial revolutions (see Schwab 2016). The first began in the early nineteenth century, when the power of steam and water dramatically increased the productivity of human (physical) labour. The second revolution started almost a hundred years later with electricity as its key driver. Mass industrial production Corresponding author: M. Schäfer, Department Politics and Consulting, Head of the Team for Economic Policy, Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung, Berlin, Germany. -
ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi's Economic Reforms
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Social Science Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi’s Economic Reforms: Confucian Economic Policies in Song Dynasty China and Their Proto-Keynesian Aspects Master‘s Thesis Technology Governance Supervisor: Professor Wolfgang Drechsler Tallinn 2016 1 TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Sotsiaalteaduskond Ragnar Nurkse innovatsiooni ja valitsemise instituut ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi majandusreformid: konfutsianistlikke majanduspoliitikad Song'i dünastia Hiinas ja nende proto-keynesianistlikud aspektid Magistritöö Tehnoloogia valitsemine Juhendaja: Professor Wolfgang Drechsler Tallinn 2016 2 Abstract Current mainstream scholarly understandings of Wang Anshi‘s economic reform tend to belittle it as nothing but a government‘s pillage of people‘s wealth as well as a betrayal to Confucianism, and deny the existence of the parallel between the reform and modern western economic policy paradigms, especially the Keynesianism. But as long as understanding the original ideas of Wang Anshi‘s economic thought and his reforming policies, and comparing the those ideas with John Maynard Keynes‘ and Abba Lerner‘s thoughts, one would find Wang Anshi‘s reform was an endeavor to make Confucianism work in his time, because Confucian economic principles acted as the sources of ideas and the blueprint of the reform; and this endeavor well deserves the title of ―proto-Keynesianism‖, because both sides in this parallel reach consensus about the importance of government‘s expenditure to support aggregate demand, increasing inducement to invest, and state‘s control of economy in curing the economic depression of unemployment and preventing it from happening. Key words: Wang Anshi, Wang Anshi‘s Economic Reform, Confucianism, Confucian Economics, Zhouli, John Maynard Keynes, Abba Lerner, Keynesianism 3 Table of Contents 1. -
Kattel Et Al
3rd International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP3) June 28-30, 2017 – Singapore Panel T06P01 Public Sector Innovation: Organizational and Institutional Trends in the Post-New Public Management Era Innovation Bureaucracy: Does the organization of government matter when promoting innovation? Author(s) Rainer Kattel, Wolfgang Drechsler, Erkki Karo All Ragnar Nurkse School of innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; [email protected] Innovation Bureaucracy: Does the organization of government matter when promoting innovation? Abstract: Current research on how to organize the roles of government in promoting innovation converges around a rather simplified single-organization explanation: support of innovation requires either (Weberian) elite expert organizations or (Schumpeterian) fluid peripheral organizations. We show that looking at history of innovation bureaucracy, a more complex picture emerges: historically we find a rich organizational variety in how governments have organized different innovation promoting activities. We show that historically this organizational variety is, first, driven by highly diverse public-private relationships; second, the variety is of evolutionary nature; third, the diversity of organizations itself is an important factor in success and failure of innovation policies. Combining analytical lenses created by Weber and management literature on capabilities and ambidexterity, we build analytical framework to understand how organizational variety of innovation bureaucracy evolves -
Digital Era for ASEAN Conglomerates Hype Or Reality?
Digital era for ASEAN conglomerates Hype or reality? Conglomerates have always played a key role in ASEAN economies, with a contribution by top 40 conglomerates, estimated to be more than 20% of the combined ASEAN GDP in 2015. With the digital revolution reshaping the business world across sectors, conglomerates need to devise effective digital strategies to strengthen their leadership position, or find themselves being challenged by more agile newcomers. The USD 100+ billion opportunity for ASEAN conglomerates “Digital” is a hot topic that has forced businesses to question whether it is a passing trend or a strategic topic of substance. Often, we have observed clients consider “digital” as a silver bullet for devising innovative ways of upgrading the business in search of extra opportunities of growth and value. But there are still questions that are not clearly understood. Is digital all about start-ups or is it relevant to established companies? Is it limited to delivering better customer experiences and efficiencies or for enabling focused targeting of sub-segments? Within the ASEAN context, business leaders are also faced with the challenge of managing the diversity and complexity of multiple markets ranging from a fully developed economy (e.g. Singapore) to a market that is only recently opening up to global practices (e.g. Myanmar). How will the digital economy emerge in different markets of ASEAN given such diversity? These are added complications requiring views on how to localize digital innovations to fit the varying market environments. We believe that business leaders need to start by asking the fundamental question “Does digital matter in ASEAN?” Without conviction in this issue, there will be doubts on whether it is even worth putting the topic on the table. -
Economics 18.Qxd
TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics no. 18 the other canon foundation, Norway Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn CONTACT: Rainer Kattel, [email protected]; Wolfgang Drechsler, [email protected]; Erik S. Reinert, [email protected] The Economics of Failed, Failing, and Fragile States: Productive Structure as the Missing Link Erik S. Reinert, The Other Canon Foundation & Tallinn University of Technology, Yves Ekoué Amaïzo, UNIDO, Vienna 1 and Rainer Kattel , Tallinn University of Technology Jnauary 2009 1 Contact authors: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]. The research for this paper was partially funded by the Estonian Science Foundation, grant no 6703. 1. Introduction: Lost Theoretical Insights from US Secretary of State George Marshall. More than sixty years ago, on 5 June 1947, US Secretary of State George Marshall gave a speech at Harvard University announcing what was to be called the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was probably the most suc- cessful development plan in human history, re-industrializing and industrial- izing countries from Norway and Sweden in the North to Greece and Turkey in the South-East. At about the same time, a similar process based on the same principles re-industrialized and industrialized East Asia, spreading from Japan in the North-East towards the South-West. In this way a cordon san- itaire of wealthy countries was created around the communist world, stemming the communist tide that was rising at the time of Marshall’s speech. One country to benefit from the Marshall-type ideology was South Korea, a country that in 1950 was poorer (GDP per capita estimated at $ 770) than Somalia (GDP per capita estimated at $ 1057; Maddisson 2003), which today is an example of a failed state (see Figure 1 below). -
Policy Choices for a Digital Age
JUNE 2017 POLICY CHOICES FOR A DIGITAL AGE TAKING A WHOLE ECONOMY, WHOLE SOCIETY APPROACH DISCUSSION PAPER This publication is part of Friends of Europe’s work on digitalisation and the 4th Industrial Revolution, undertaken in the framework of our New Economic Models programme. It brings together the views of Friends of Europe’s large network of policymakers, scholars, civil society and business representatives on digitalisation and the 4th Industrial Revolution. It closes a series of three high-level working group meetings that Friends of Europe organised in 2016 – 2017 to explore the impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution across policymaking, industry and society. JUNE 2017 POLICY CHOICES FOR A DIGITAL AGE TAKING A WHOLE ECONOMY, WHOLE SOCIETY APPROACH DISCUSSION PAPER The authors in this discussion paper contribute in their personal capacities, and their views do not necessarily reflect those of the organisations they represent, nor of Friends of Europe and its board of trustees, members or partners. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted, provided that full credit is given to Friends of Europe, and that any such reproduction, whether in whole or in part, is not sold unless incorporated in other works. Friends of Europe is grateful for the financial support it received from Google and the input of the McKinsey Global Institute for the publication of this paper. Friends of Europe was responsible for guaranteeing editorial balance and full independence, as evidenced by the variety of the articles’ authors and the contents of the contributions. Publisher: Geert Cami Directors: Nathalie Furrer & Dharmendra Kanani Editor: David O’Leary Programme Manager: Natasha Ibbotson Design: José Gonçalves Communications Assistants: Carys Lawrie & Iiris André © Friends of Europe - June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Andrus Ansip 8 OVERVIEW Dharmendra Kanani 11 PART 1: RETHINKING ECONOMIC MODELS – GDP OR DATA 16 Moving beyond the balance-sheet economy Michael Mandel 17 Transatlantic cooperation and collaboration on the digital economy Daniel A. -
NSE KARO.Pdf
This article was downloaded by: [Professor Judith Clifton] On: 18 June 2015, At: 08:40 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Economic Policy Reform Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpre20 Economic development and evolving state capacities in Central and Eastern Europe: can “smart specialization” make a difference? Erkki Karoa & Rainer Kattela a Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Published online: 08 Apr 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: Erkki Karo & Rainer Kattel (2015) Economic development and evolving state capacities in Central and Eastern Europe: can “smart specialization” make a difference?, Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 18:2, 172-187, DOI: 10.1080/17487870.2015.1009068 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2015.1009068 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
A Brief History of the Digital Revolution
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION We’re all living in the information age. From healthcare to education, technology has transformed our Apple’s launch of the Facebook is born, and The iPhone is launched Google begins lives, and the digital iPad propels tablet a new age of social and smartphones usage testing driverless revolution shows no computers into the media begins explodes cars sign of slowing down mainstream 2003 2004 2005 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2016 Present Day Skype launches YouTube launches Bitcoin becomes instantly Commercial The virtual reality with a video of the the first widely connecting introduction of headset, Oculus site’s co-founder at accepted fully 3D printers Rift, becomes people around the zoo: a clip that digital currency available to Broadband is the world has garnered almost consumers introduced to the via video 40 million views UK, providing much faster 2000 internet access Tim Berners Lee Smartphone is CERN’s web browser invents the World released, supporting software is released Wide Web whilst calls, email and fax for public use working at CERN 1999 1997 1994 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 Bluetooth Launch of first modern Commercial dial up 0.05% of people are A fully digital technology is social media site – Six internet becomes using the internet camera is introduced to Degrees available, cue released, offering the world screeching noises storage for up to 10 photos First mobile phone 1984 launched, costing The laptop ~$4,000. A 10-hour First commercially computer is born, charge provides 30 available