The Language of Europe the Language of Europe 22/09/14 14:17 Page1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Language of Europe the Language of Europe 22/09/14 14:17 Page1 The Language of Europe_The language of Europe 22/09/14 14:17 Page1 EDITIONS DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BRUXELLES I A M S O C O C I The Language of Europe N E Multilingualism and Translation in the EU Institutions: Practice, Problems and Perspectives M O D The Language of Europe The Language of Europe offers a clear and com - give the student and specialist an insight into prehensive introduction to the policy area of and overview of the rigour and procedural multilingualism and to translation practice expertise which are demanded and can be seen Multilingualism and Translation within the EU institutions. This first edition in at work from initial (co-)draft to final version in English builds on the success, among acade - the rendering of a “multilingual” EU document. in the EU Institutions: mics and practitioners alike, of its two prece- ding Italian editions (published respectively in Geared towards students, peers and specialists Practice, Problems and Perspectives 2003 and 2007 with the title Tradurre per in Translation and Interpretation Studies, l’Unione europea , Hoepli, Milan), which have Language Studies and Cultural Studies, The closely followed the EU journey through its Language of Europe is likely to arouse an equal DOMENICO COSMAI suc cessive enlargements, and the impact of level of interest in those working in adjacent these multiple accessions on the politics and scholarly domains: Cultural Geography, TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY DAVID ALBERT BEST practice of institutional translation. It proposes European Studies and Law, Political Science, e an in- depth, up-to-the-minute analysis of the and Sociolinguistics, for a start, as well as p o direct relationships between member-state those currently pursuing or prospecting a r FOREWORD BY JOSE MANUEL BARROSO lan guages and the problems of knowledge career in the European institutions. u E transfer between the diverse languages and f cultures that make up the patchwork which is Domenico Cosmai , former associate professor o the EU. of English language and translation, is currently e Head of the “Legislative planning and sessions g Enriched throughout with practical examples of the Assembly” department at the European a from many among the twenty-four official lan - Economic and Social Committee. Author of u g guages of the European Union, specially selec- sev eral publications on the topics of institu - n ted and adapted for an Anglophone readership, tional multilingualism, multiculturalism and a L The Language of Europe features detailed stu- translation theory, he is a research associate at dies on the following topics: the background to the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the e and arguments in favour of EU multilingualism; Université Libre de Bruxelles. h T the language features of EU documents; varia - tions in translation practice between the diffe- David Albert Best has lectured on Italian rent EU institutions, agencies and consultative lan guage, literature and cultural studies at the bodies; the day-to-day working practice of universities of Cork, St Andrews (Scotland), and translators and lawyer-linguists; the impact of Trinity College Dublin, and on English language ICTs on translation practice; distinctive genres and translation at the Università degli studi di of EU institutional translation; what the future Napoli “L'Orientale”. Since 2011, he has been holds for EU translation. Maître de conférences at the Faculty of Law and Criminology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, The volume incorporates a range of sample where he teaches English for Legal studies and texts from a variety of EU official languages, is active in translation projects and liaison with provided in the source-language original and the European institutions. English target-language translation, in order to www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be INSTITUT D’ETUDES EUROPEENNES pages The Language of Europe_pages theothers in europe 22/09/14 14:14 Page1 pages The Language of Europe_pages theothers in europe 22/09/14 14:14 Page2 SERIES «ETUDES EUROPEENNES» Jean De Ruyt. L’Acte unique européen. Commentaire. M e édition. LTST. Le Parlement européen dans l’évolution institutionnelle. Ed. Jean-Victor Louis et Denis Waelbroeck. M e tirage. LTST. Mário Marques Mendes. Antitrust in a World of Interrelated Economies. The Interplay between Antitrust and Trade Policies in the US and the EEC. LTTL. L’espace audiovisuel européen. Ed. Georges Vandersanden. LTTL. Vers une nouvelle Europe ? Towards a New Europe ? Ed. Mario Telò. LTTM. L’Union européenne et les défis de l’élargissement. Ed. Mario Telò. LTTO. La réforme du système juridictionnel communautaire. Ed. Georges Vandersanden. LTTO. Quelle Union sociale européenne ? Acquis institutionnels, acteurs et défis. Ed. Mario Telò et Corinne Gobin. LTTO. Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen. L’Espagne et la Communauté européenne. L’Etat des autonomies et le processus d’intégration européenne. LTTP. Banking Supervision in the European Community. Institutional Aspects. Report of a Working Group of the ECU Institute under the Chairmanship of Jean-Victor Louis. LTTP, NKO pages. Pascal Delwit. Les partis socialistes et l’intégration européenne. France, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique. LTTP. Démocratie et construction européenne. Ed. Mario Telò. LTTP. Jörg Gerkrath. L’émergence d’un droit constitutionnel européen. Modes de formation et sources d’inspiration de la constitution des Communautés et de l’Union européenne. LTTR. L’Europe et les régions. Aspects juridiques. Ed. Georges Vandersanden, LTTR. L’Union européenne et le monde après Amsterdam. Ed. Marianne Dony. LTTT. Olivier Costa. Le Parlement européen, assemblée délibérante. MKKL. La reconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires pénales dans l’Union européenne. Ed. Gilles de Kerchove et Anne Weyembergh. MKKL. L’avenir du système juridictionnel de l’Union européenne. Ed. Marianne Dony et Emmanuelle Bribosia. MKKM. Quelles réformes pour l’espace pénal européen ? Ed. Gilles de Kerchove et Anne Weyembergh. MKKN. Paul Magnette. Contrôler l’Europe. Pouvoirs et responsabilité dans l’Union européenne. MKKN. Sécurité et justice : enjeu de la politique extérieure de l’Union européenne. Ed. Gilles de Kerchove et Anne Weyembergh. MKKN. Anne Weyembergh. L’harmonisation des législations : condition de l’espace pénal européen et révélateur de ses tensions. MKKO. La Grande Europe. Ed. Paul Magnette. MKKO. Vers une société européenne de la connaissance. La stratégie de Lisbonne (MKKK-MKLK). Ed. Maria João Rodrigues. MKKO. Commentaire de la Constitution de l’Union européenne. Ed. Marianne Dony et Emmanuelle Bribosia. MKKP. La confiance mutuelle dans l’espace pénal européen/Mutual Trust in the European Criminal Area. Ed. Gilles de Kerchove et Anne Weyembergh. MKKP. The gays’ and lesbians’ rights in an enlarged European Union. Ed. Anne Weyembergh and Sinziana Carstocea. MKKQ. Comment évaluer le droit pénal européen ?. Ed. Anne Weyembergh et Serge de Biolley. MKKQ. La Constitution européenne. Elites, mobilisations, votes. Ed. Antonin Cohen et Antoine Vauchez. MKKR. Les résistances à l’Europe. Cultures nationales, idéologies et stratégies d’acteurs. Ed. Justine Lacroix et Ramona Coman. MKKR. L’espace public européen à l’épreuve du religieux. Ed. François Foret. MKKR. Démocratie, cohérence et transparence : vers une constitutionnalisation de l’Union européenne ?. Ed. Marianne Dony et Lucia Serena Rossi. MKKS. L’Union européenne et la gestion de crises. Ed. Barbara Delcourt, Marta Martinelli et Emmanuel Klimis. MKKS. Sebastian Santander. Le régionalisme sud-américain, l’Union européenne et les Etats-Unis. MKKS. Denis Duez. L’Union européenne et l’immigration clandestine. De la sécurité intérieure à la construction de la communauté politique. MKKS. L’Union européenne : la fin d’une crise ?. Ed. Paul Magnette et Anne Weyembergh. MKKS. The evaluation of European Criminal Law : the example of the Framework Decision on combating trafficking in human beings. Ed. Anne Weyembergh & Veronica Santamaria. MKKT. Le contrôle juridictionnel dans l’espace pénal européen. Ed. Stefan Braum and Anne Weyembergh. MKKT. Les députés européens et leur rôle. Sociologie interprétative des pratiques parlementaires. Julien Navarro. MKKT. The future of mutual recognition in criminal matters in the European Union/L’avenir de la reconnaissance mutuelle en matière pénale dans l’Union européenne. Ed. Gisèle Vernimmen-Van Tiggelen, Laura Surano and Anne Weyembergh. MKKT. Sophie Heine, Une gauche contre l’Europe ? Les critiques radicales et altermondialistes contre l’Union européenne en France. MKKT. The Others in Europe. Ed. Saskia Bonjour, Andrea Rea and Dirk Jacobs, MKLL. EU counter-terrorism offences: What impact on national legislation and case-law?. Ed. Francesca Galli and Anne Weyembergh. MKLM. La dimension externe de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice au lendemain de Lisbonne et de Stockholm : un bilan à mi-parcours. Ed. Marianne Dony, MKLM. Approximation of substantive criminal law in the EU: The way forward. Ed. Francesca Galli and Anne Weyembergh, MKLN. Relations internationales. Une perspective européenne. Mario Telò. Préface de Robert O. Keohane, N e édition revue et augmentée. MKLN. Le traité instituant l’Union européenne : un projet, une méthode un agenda. Francesco Capotorti, Meinhard Hilf, Francis Jacobs, Jean-Paul Jacqué. Préface de Jean-Paul Jacqué et Jean-Victor Louis, Postface de Giorgio Napolitano, Me édition revue et augmentée sous la coordination de Marianne Dony et Jean-Victor Louis. MKLO pages The Language of Europe_pages theothers in europe 22/09/14
Recommended publications
  • Aalseth Aaron Aarup Aasen Aasheim Abair Abanatha Abandschon Abarca Abarr Abate Abba Abbas Abbate Abbe Abbett Abbey Abbott Abbs
    BUSCAPRONTA www.buscapronta.com ARQUIVO 35 DE PESQUISAS GENEALÓGICAS 306 PÁGINAS – MÉDIA DE 98.500 SOBRENOMES/OCORRÊNCIA Para pesquisar, utilize a ferramenta EDITAR/LOCALIZAR do WORD. A cada vez que você clicar ENTER e aparecer o sobrenome pesquisado GRIFADO (FUNDO PRETO) corresponderá um endereço Internet correspondente que foi pesquisado por nossa equipe. Ao solicitar seus endereços de acesso Internet, informe o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO, o número do ARQUIVO BUSCAPRONTA DIV ou BUSCAPRONTA GEN correspondente e o número de vezes em que encontrou o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO. Número eventualmente existente à direita do sobrenome (e na mesma linha) indica número de pessoas com aquele sobrenome cujas informações genealógicas são apresentadas. O valor de cada endereço Internet solicitado está em nosso site www.buscapronta.com . Para dados especificamente de registros gerais pesquise nos arquivos BUSCAPRONTA DIV. ATENÇÃO: Quando pesquisar em nossos arquivos, ao digitar o sobrenome procurado, faça- o, sempre que julgar necessário, COM E SEM os acentos agudo, grave, circunflexo, crase, til e trema. Sobrenomes com (ç) cedilha, digite também somente com (c) ou com dois esses (ss). Sobrenomes com dois esses (ss), digite com somente um esse (s) e com (ç). (ZZ) digite, também (Z) e vice-versa. (LL) digite, também (L) e vice-versa. Van Wolfgang – pesquise Wolfgang (faça o mesmo com outros complementos: Van der, De la etc) Sobrenomes compostos ( Mendes Caldeira) pesquise separadamente: MENDES e depois CALDEIRA. Tendo dificuldade com caracter Ø HAMMERSHØY – pesquise HAMMERSH HØJBJERG – pesquise JBJERG BUSCAPRONTA não reproduz dados genealógicos das pessoas, sendo necessário acessar os documentos Internet correspondentes para obter tais dados e informações. DESEJAMOS PLENO SUCESSO EM SUA PESQUISA.
    [Show full text]
  • Language, Culture, and National Identity
    Language, Culture, and National Identity BY ERIC HOBSBAWM LANGUAGE, culture, and national identity is the ·title of my pa­ per, but its central subject is the situation of languages in cul­ tures, written or spoken languages still being the main medium of these. More specifically, my subject is "multiculturalism" in­ sofar as this depends on language. "Nations" come into it, since in the states in which we all live political decisions about how and where languages are used for public purposes (for example, in schools) are crucial. And these states are today commonly iden­ tified with "nations" as in the term United Nations. This is a dan­ gerous confusion. So let me begin with a few words about it. Since there are hardly any colonies left, practically all of us today live in independent and sovereign states. With the rarest exceptions, even exiles and refugees live in states, though not their own. It is fairly easy to get agreement about what constitutes such a state, at any rate the modern model of it, which has become the template for all new independent political entities since the late eighteenth century. It is a territory, preferably coherent and demarcated by frontier lines from its neighbors, within which all citizens without exception come under the exclusive rule of the territorial government and the rules under which it operates. Against this there is no appeal, except by authoritarian of that government; for even the superiority of European Community law over national law was established only by the decision of the constituent SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training
    US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Peace Corps Romania Survival Romanian Language Lessons Pre-Departure On-Line Training Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………. 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 2 Lesson 1: The Romanian Alphabet………………………………………………… 3 Lesson 2: Greetings…………………………………………………………………… 4 Lesson 3: Introducing self…………………………………………………………… 5 Lesson 4: Days of the Week…………………………………………………………. 6 Lesson 5: Small numbers……………………………………………………………. 7 Lesson 6: Big numbers………………………………………………………………. 8 Lesson 7: Shopping………………………………………………………………….. 9 Lesson 8: At the restaurant………………………………………………………..... 10 Lesson 9: Orientation………………………………………………………………… 11 Lesson 10: Useful phrases ……………………………………………………. 12 1 Survival Romanian, Peace Corps/Romania – December 2006 US Peace Corps in Romania Survival Romanian Introduction Romanian (limba română 'limba ro'mɨnə/) is one of the Romance languages that belong to the Indo-European family of languages that descend from Latin along with French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. It is the fifth of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers. It is spoken as a first language by somewhere around 24 to 26 million people, and enjoys official status in Romania, Moldova and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia). The official form of the Moldovan language in the Republic of Moldova is identical to the official form of Romanian save for a minor rule in spelling. Romanian is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the Latin Union and the European Union – the latter as of 2007). It is a melodious language that has basically the same sounds as English with a few exceptions. These entered the language because of the slavic influence and of many borrowing made from the neighboring languages. It uses the Latin alphabet which makes it easy to spell and read.
    [Show full text]
  • Council and Commission Decision of 26 January 1998 on the Conclusion
    Changes to legislation: There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Council and Commission Decision of 26 January 1998 on the conclusion of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other partThis Partnership and Cooperation Agreement was signed with Ukraine on 14 June 1994 by the European Communities and the twelve Member States at the time. Following enlargement, an Additional Protocol was signed with Ukraine on 10 April 1997 so as to enable Austria, Finland and Sweden to become members of the Agreement alongside the other twelve Member States and to make the Swedish and Finnish language versions of the Agreement official. After completion of the necessary procedures, the Communities and their Member States also decided — on the conclusion of this Partnership Agreement — to apply the aforementioned Additional Protocol provisionally pending its entry into force, in accordance with Article 4 thereof. Accordingly, the text of the Partnership Agreement contained in the Finnish and Swedish editions of the Official Journal is the one which is made official by the Additional Protocol. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement concluded with Ukraine will enter into force on 1 March 1998, the notifications regarCouncilding the com andpletio nCommission of the procedures lDecisionaid down in A roftic l26e 10 8January, second pa r1998agraph , onof t hthee Ag rconclusioneement having b eofen ctheompleted by the parties as at 29 January 1998. (98/149/EC, ECSC, Euratom), Introductory Text. (See end of Document for details) Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other partThis Partnership and Cooperation Agreement was signed with Ukraine on 14 June 1994 by the European Communities and the twelve Member States at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Language Policies of Multilingual Societies
    Globalization and Language Policies of Multilingual Societies: Some Case Studies of South East Asia Globalização e políticas linguísticas em sociedades multilíngues: Estudos de caso do sudeste da Asia Navin Kumar Singh* Northern Arizona University Flagstaff / USA Shaoan Zhang** University of Nevada Las Vegas / USA Parwez Besmel*** Northern Arizona University Flagstaff / USA ABSTRACT: Over the past few decades, significant economic and political changes have taken place around the world. These changes also have put a significant mark on language teaching and learning practices across the globe. There is a clear movement towards multilingual practices in the world, which is also evident in the title of UNESCO 2003 education position paper, “Education in a multilingual world.” Given the long-standing history of multilingual contexts of the Himalayan region and the emergence of the two major global economic power centers of 21st century, China and India, language policies and practices of the region have become a great matter of interests for linguists and policy makers around the world. This paper uses case studies to investigate how globalization influences language education policies and practices in multilingual countries. The case studies that we have drawn from the four nations of South East Asia – Afghanistan, China, India, and Nepal offer insights for other multilingual nations of the world, as they portray the influences of globalization on language policies and practices of multilingual countries. This paper suggests more research on comparative studies of multilingual education across multilingual nations in the world. KEYWORDS: Language maintenance, globalization, multilingualism, Asian societies. * [email protected] ** [email protected] *** [email protected] RBLA, Belo Horizonte, v.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Cruz County Burial Permits
    NAME AGE DEATH PLACE OF DEATH CEMETERY DOCUMENT DIAGNOSIS Abbott, Regal Keith 01 years 1924 Jul 22 Soquel Private Property Form 7 Pneumonia Abraham, Fred C. 70 years 1930 Feb 08 Out of County - Santa Clara County, CA Santa Cruz, CA Form 7 Abrahamson, Hilda Loiuse 56 years 1927 May 16 Out of County - Marysville, CA Santa Cruz, CA Form 7 Acamo, John 42 years 1920 May 08 Santa Cruz Holy Cross Cemetery Form 7 Achoa, Augustina 00 years 1924 Apr 05 Davenport IOOF Cemetery Form 7 Pneumonia Adams, Allen Burgess 64 years 1929 Dec 11 Out of County - Solano County, CA Santa Cruz, CA Form 7 Adams, Patsey Arleen 00 years 1931 Mar 19 Santa Cruz Evergreen Cemetery Form 7 Adle, Leon Everett 1925 Dec 09 Out of County - San Mateo County, CA Santa Cruz, CA Form 7 Agusti (Infant of E. and Mary Agusti) 00 years 1924 Dec 30 Santa Cruz Holy Cross Cemetery Form 7 Agusti, George 07 years 1923 Jul 26 Santa Cruz Holy Cross Cemetery Form 7 Accident Ahrens, Henry Hermann (Ahren?) (Herman?) 59 years 1906 Sep 25 Santa Cruz IOOF Cemetery Form 132 Aiken, John P. 74 years 1925 Feb 19 Santa Cruz IOOF Cemetery Form 7 Akin, John Thomas 42 years 1928 xxx 00 Out of County - Nevada City, CA IOOF Cemetery Form 7 Tuberculosis Alameda, Ellan 00 years 1920 Apr 20 Santa Cruz Holy Cross Cemetery Form 7 Alarcon, Altagracia 74 years 1927 May 14 Santa Cruz IOOF Cemetery Form 7 Alarcon, Calixto (Calixo?) D. 64 years 1908 Jan 26 Santa Cruz IOOF Cemetery Form 10 Alberti, Sybilia (Albert?) 72 years 1907 May 20 Santa Cruz IOOF Cemetery Form 132 Alcorn, Doris 02 years 1910 Dec 10 Santa Cruz Evergreen Cemetery Form 7 Pneumonia Alford, T.N.
    [Show full text]
  • Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Integration of to Approaches Migration Andthe Sociolinguistic Methodological  Theoretical
    Theoretical Methodological and the Sociolinguistic Migration Approaches to of Integration Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Sociolinguistic • Florentino Paredes García and María Sancho Pascual Integration of Migration Edited by Florentino Paredes García and María Sancho Pascual Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Languages www.mdpi.com/journal/languages Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Integration of Migration Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Integration of Migration Special Issue Editors Florentino Paredes Garc´ıa Mar´ıa Sancho Pascual MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Florentino Paredes Garc´ıa Mar´ıa Sancho Pascual University of Alcala´ Complutense University of Madrid Spain Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Languages (ISSN 2226-471X) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/languages/special issues/sociolinguistic migration). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-192-2 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-193-9 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Florentino Paredes Garc´ıa and Mar´ıa Sancho Pascual. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Commission
    The European Commission What is the Commission? An executive cabinet + A bureaucracy Composition: (28 members, 41 DG´s and 36 Agencies) Tasks: legislative (agenda –setting, proposing legislation) executive (regulation, negotiation, administration) Logic of working: (College) Mainly by consensus, but absolute majority if disagreement Name Office Start Commissioner Hallstein I 1958 11 Hallstein II 1962 10 Rey I 1967 15 Malfetti I 1970 8 Mansholt I 1972 9 Ortoli I 1973 14 Jenkins I 1977 13 Thorn I 1981 17 Delors I 1985 18 Delors II 1989 17 Delors III 1993 15 Santer I 1995 18 Prodi I 1999 33 Barroso I 2004 33 Barroso II 2010 27 Juncker 2014 28 Evolution Hallstein Commission 62-67 Delors Commission 85- 89 Juncker Commission 2014-19 European Commission Executive power Political Administrative Agenda-setting Policy implementation Tasks Policy initiative Policy application Policy decision Distribution of public funds External representation Policy supervision Main Functions of the Commission Engine and voice of the EU European regulator European Civil Service European level mediator External representative of the Union The Role of European Commission Role of the Commission Drafting legislation: The Commission is responsible for initiating legislative proposals. It is the only institution with the right to draft legislation. Administration of policies: The Commission manages (some) of the policies of the EU and budget of the EU. Guardian of the Treaties: The Commission supervises the application and of laws (carried out by and within the Member States by governments and other actors). Represenation of the EU in exterior trade. aThe Commision negotiates commerical agreements in the name of the EU with third countries, such as USA or China as well as the WTO.
    [Show full text]
  • Staff Regulations of the European Union
    2011/0455 (COD) Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending the Staff Regulations of Officials and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 336 thereof, Having regard to the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Union, and in particular Article 12 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, submitted following consultation with the Staff Regulations Committee, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national Parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the Court of Justice, Having regard to the opinion of the Court of Auditors, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, Whereas: (1) The European Union, and its more than 50 institutions and agencies, should continue to be equipped with a high-quality European public administration, so as to enable it to achieve its objectives, implement its policies and activities and perform its tasks to the highest possible standard in accordance with the Treaties to meet the challenges, both internal and external, that it will face in the future and to serve the citizens of the Union. (2) Consequently, it is necessary to ensure a framework for attracting, recruiting and maintaining highly qualified and multilingual staff, drawn on the widest possible geographical basis from among citizens of the Member States, and with due regard to gender balance, who are independent and adhere to the highest professional standards, and to enable such staff to carry out their duties as effectively and efficiently as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Note from the General Secretariat on the Council's Buildings Programme (27 February 2003)
    Information note from the General Secretariat on the Council’s buildings programme (27 February 2003) Caption: On 27 February 2003, the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union proposes to the Committee of Permanent Representatives (Coreper II) that the Council’s buildings programme be updated with a view to future enlargements. This information note sets out the required conversion work on existing buildings as well as possible construction projects required to meet the requirements connected with the forthcoming enlargements. Source: Note d'information du Secrétariat général du Conseil au Comité des Représentants Permanents (2ème partie). Objet: Programmation immobilière dans la perspective des prochains élargissements, 6864/03, IMM 1. Bruxelles: Conseil de l'Union européenne, 27.02.2003. 13 p. http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/fr/03/st06/st06864fr03.pdf. Copyright: (c) Translation CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/information_note_from_the_general_secretariat_on_the_co uncil_s_buildings_programme_27_february_2003-en-eedaed44-70ca-4e27-b801- 1f7bc5bf2472.html Last updated: 05/07/2016 1/8 Information note from the General Secretariat of the Council to the Committee of Permanent Representatives (Part II) on the property programme (Brussels, 27 February 2003) I. Introduction With future enlargements in mind, the Committee of Permanent Representatives took some policy decisions in 2001 and 2002 on the Council’s property programme on the basis of figures drawn up by the General Secretariat.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo
    CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo-European and Germanic Background Indo-European Background It has already been mentioned in this course that German and English are related languages. Two languages can be related to each other in much the same way that two people can be related to each other. If two people share a common ancestor, say their mother or their great-grandfather, then they are genetically related. Similarly, German and English are genetically related because they share a common ancestor, a language which was spoken in what is now northern Germany sometime before the Angles and the Saxons migrated to England. We do not have written records of this language, unfortunately, but we have a good idea of what it must have looked and sounded like. We have arrived at our conclusions as to what it looked and sounded like by comparing the sounds of words and morphemes in earlier written stages of English and German (and Dutch) and in modern-day English and German dialects. As a result of the comparisons we are able to reconstruct what the original language, called a proto-language, must have been like. This particular proto-language is usually referred to as Proto-West Germanic. The method of reconstruction based on comparison is called the comparative method. If faced with two languages the comparative method can tell us one of three things: 1) the two languages are related in that both are descended from a common ancestor, e.g. German and English, 2) the two are related in that one is the ancestor of the other, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Cahier D'études Working Paper N°
    CAHIER D’ÉTUDES WORKING PAPER N° 110 ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICIES AND SHORT-TIME WORK ARRANGEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A SURVEY OF LUXEMBOURG FIRMS KONSTANTINOS EFSTATHIOU THOMAS Y. MATHÄ CINDY VEIGA LADISLAV WINTR JUNE 2017 2, boulevard Royal L-2983 Luxembourg Tél.: +352 4774-1 Fax: +352 4774 4910 www.bcl.lu • [email protected] CAHIER D’ÉTUDES WORKING PAPER N° 110 ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICIES AND SHORT-TIME WORK ARRANGEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A SURVEY OF LUXEMBOURG FIRMS KONSTANTINOS EFSTATHIOU THOMAS Y. MATHÄ CINDY VEIGA LADISLAV WINTR JUNE 2017 Active labour market policies and short-time work arrangements: Evidence from a survey of Luxembourg firms Konstantinos Efstathiou Thomas Y. Mathä [email protected] [email protected] Cindy Veiga Ladislav Wintr [email protected] [email protected] June 2017 Abstract: We analyse the use of active labour market policy (ALMP) measures and short-time work arrangements (STWAs) by Luxembourg firms during the years of economic and financial crisis (2008-09) and the subsequent European sovereign debt crisis (2010-13). About 34% of Luxembourg firms used ALMPs between 2008 and 2013. Economy-wide, use of ALMPs increased along both the extensive margin (more firms) and the inten- sive margin (more measures per firm). The likelihood that a firm hired with recourse to ALMPs is greater for large, domestically oriented, multiple establishment firms, firms facing strong demand, with concerns about labour cost pressures and unavailability of skilled labour. The crisis saw a surge in firms using STWAs. The likelihood of applying for STWAs increases with demand volatility, the share of workers with permanent con- tracts, export orientation and the inability to shift workers between establishments.
    [Show full text]