Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions
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4Th National IPM Symposium
contents Foreword . 2 Program Schedule . 4 National Roadmap for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) . 9 Whole Systems Thinking Applied to IPM . 12 Fourth National IPM Symposium . 14 Poster Abstracts . 30 Poster Author Index . 92 1 foreword Welcome to the Fourth National Integrated Pest Management The Second National IPM Symposium followed the theme “IPM Symposium, “Building Alliances for the Future of IPM.” As IPM Programs for the 21st Century: Food Safety and Environmental adoption continues to increase, challenges facing the IPM systems’ Stewardship.” The meeting explored the future of IPM and its role approach to pest management also expand. The IPM community in reducing environmental problems; ensuring a safe, healthy, has responded to new challenges by developing appropriate plentiful food supply; and promoting a sustainable agriculture. The technologies to meet the changing needs of IPM stakeholders. meeting was organized with poster sessions and workshops covering 22 topic areas that provided numerous opportunities for Organization of the Fourth National Integrated Pest Management participants to share ideas across disciplines, agencies, and Symposium was initiated at the annual meeting of the National affiliations. More than 600 people attended the Second National IPM Committee, ESCOP/ECOP Pest Management Strategies IPM Symposium. Based on written and oral comments, the Subcommittee held in Washington, DC, in September 2001. With symposium was a very useful, stimulating, and exciting experi- the 2000 goal for IPM adoption having passed, it was agreed that ence. it was again time for the IPM community, in its broadest sense, to come together to review IPM achievements and to discuss visions The Third National IPM Symposium shared two themes, “Putting for how IPM could meet research, extension, and stakeholder Customers First” and “Assessing IPM Program Impacts.” These needs. -
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Horned-Gall Aphid, Schlechtendalia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431348; this version posted February 18, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Chromosome-level genome assembly of the horned-gall aphid, Schlechtendalia 2 chinensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Erisomatinae) 3 4 Hong-Yuan Wei1#, Yu-Xian Ye2#, Hai-Jian Huang4, Ming-Shun Chen3, Zi-Xiang Yang1*, Xiao-Ming Chen1*, 5 Chuan-Xi Zhang2,4* 6 1Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China 7 2Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 8 3Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA 9 4State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; 10 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant 11 Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China 12 #Contributed equally. 13 *Correspondence 14 Zi-Xiang Yang, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China. 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 Xiao-Ming Chen, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China. 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 Chuan-Xi Zhang, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 19 E-mail: [email protected] 20 Funding information 21 National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award number: 31872305, U1402263; The basic research 22 program of Yunnan Province, Grant/Award number: 202001AT070016; The grant for Innovative Team of ‘Insect 23 Molecular Ecology and Evolution’ of Yunnan Province 24 25 Abstract 26 The horned gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis, is an economically important insect that induces 27 galls valuable for medicinal and chemical industries. -
Micro-Moth Grading Guidelines (Scotland) Abhnumber Code
Micro-moth Grading Guidelines (Scotland) Scottish Adult Mine Case ABHNumber Code Species Vernacular List Grade Grade Grade Comment 1.001 1 Micropterix tunbergella 1 1.002 2 Micropterix mansuetella Yes 1 1.003 3 Micropterix aureatella Yes 1 1.004 4 Micropterix aruncella Yes 2 1.005 5 Micropterix calthella Yes 2 2.001 6 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella Yes 2 A Confusion with fly mines 2.002 7 Paracrania chrysolepidella 3 A 2.003 8 Eriocrania unimaculella Yes 2 R Easier if larva present 2.004 9 Eriocrania sparrmannella Yes 2 A 2.005 10 Eriocrania salopiella Yes 2 R Easier if larva present 2.006 11 Eriocrania cicatricella Yes 4 R Easier if larva present 2.007 13 Eriocrania semipurpurella Yes 4 R Easier if larva present 2.008 12 Eriocrania sangii Yes 4 R Easier if larva present 4.001 118 Enteucha acetosae 0 A 4.002 116 Stigmella lapponica 0 L 4.003 117 Stigmella confusella 0 L 4.004 90 Stigmella tiliae 0 A 4.005 110 Stigmella betulicola 0 L 4.006 113 Stigmella sakhalinella 0 L 4.007 112 Stigmella luteella 0 L 4.008 114 Stigmella glutinosae 0 L Examination of larva essential 4.009 115 Stigmella alnetella 0 L Examination of larva essential 4.010 111 Stigmella microtheriella Yes 0 L 4.011 109 Stigmella prunetorum 0 L 4.012 102 Stigmella aceris 0 A 4.013 97 Stigmella malella Apple Pigmy 0 L 4.014 98 Stigmella catharticella 0 A 4.015 92 Stigmella anomalella Rose Leaf Miner 0 L 4.016 94 Stigmella spinosissimae 0 R 4.017 93 Stigmella centifoliella 0 R 4.018 80 Stigmella ulmivora 0 L Exit-hole must be shown or larval colour 4.019 95 Stigmella viscerella -
Evaluation of Methyl Salicylate Lures on Populations of Typhlodromus Pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Other Natural Enemies in Western Oregon Vineyards ⇑ Angela N
Biological Control 63 (2012) 48–55 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Evaluation of methyl salicylate lures on populations of Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and other natural enemies in western Oregon vineyards ⇑ Angela N. Gadino a, , Vaughn M. Walton a, Jana C. Lee b a Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304, USA b USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA highlights graphical abstract " The effect of methyl salicylate (MeSA) was evaluated on natural enemies and pests. " Attraction to MeSA was not consistent for Typhlodromus pyri between vineyards. " Coccinellids were attracted to MeSA treatments showing higher seasonal abundance. " MeSA lures did not impact pest populations in the investigated vineyards. article info abstract Article history: Methyl salicylate (MeSA), a herbivore-induced plant volatile, can elicit control of pests through attraction Received 6 April 2012 of beneficial arthropods. This study evaluates the effect of synthetic MeSA lures (PredaLure) on arthropod Accepted 18 June 2012 populations during the 2009 and 2010 seasons in two Oregon vineyards (Dayton and Salem). MeSA lures Available online 26 June 2012 were deployed at a low (4/plot or 260 lures/ha) and high (8/plot or 520 lures/ha) rate in 152 m2 plots while control plots contained no lure. The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten is considered to be Keywords: a key biological control agent of the grapevine rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis Nalepa in Oregon vineyards. Herbivore-induced plant volatile Leaf samples were collected to assess T. -
Conservation Biological Control of Rosy Apple Aphid, Dysaphis Plantaginea (Passerini), in Eastern North America
COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY Conservation Biological Control of Rosy Apple Aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), in Eastern North America 1 2 M. W. BROWN AND CLARISSA R. MATHEWS Environ. Entomol. 36(5): 1131Ð1139 (2007) ABSTRACT Because of the potentially serious damage rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae), can cause to apple fruit and branch development, prophylactic insecticides are often used for control. If biological control could be relied on, the amount of pesticide applied in orchards could be reduced. This study examined biological control of rosy apple aphid in eastern West Virginia and the potential for enhancement through conservation biological control, in particular, the effect of interplanting extraßoral nectar-bearing peach trees. By 20 d after Þrst bloom, only 2% of fundatrices initially present survived to form colonies based on regression of data from 687 colonies. Exclusion studies showed that many of the early colonies were probably destroyed by predation; the major predator responsible seemed to be adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Mortality before apple bloom was most important in controlling rosy apple aphid population growth but by itself is not sufÞciently reliable to prevent economic injury. Interplanting of extraßoral nectar-bearing trees did not increase biological control, and interplanting with 50% trees with extraßoral nectar glands reduced biological control. The number of leaf curl colonies in the 50% interplanted orchards was lower than in monoculture orchards, suggesting a preference of alate oviparae for more diverse habitats, supporting the resource concentration hypothesis but not at a level sufÞcient to prevent injury. Predation and parasitism after the formation of leaf curl colonies was not adequate to control rosy apple aphid populations. -
Woolly Apple Aphid Generalist Predator Feeding Behavior Assessed Through Video Observation in an Apple Orchard
J Insect Behav https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-019-09722-z Woolly Apple Aphid Generalist Predator Feeding Behavior Assessed through Video Observation in an Apple Orchard Robert J. Orpet & David W. Crowder & Vincent P. Jones Received: 19 February 2019 /Revised: 21 June 2019 /Accepted: 28 June 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Generalist predators are considered effective larvae and earwigs differ in their feeding behavior in biological control agents in many agroecosystems. the field, and provide new evidence that ants may hinder However, characterizing the behavior of different gen- aphid biological control by antagonizing earwigs. eralist predator species in realistic field settings is diffi- cult due to challenges associated with directly observing Keywords Biological control . Eriosoma lanigerum . predation events in the field. Here we video recorded Forficula auricularia . formicidae . intraguild predation woolly apple aphid (Erisoma lanigerum) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) colonies to directly observe the feeding behavior of their generalist predators during the day Introduction and night. To observe European earwigs (Forficula auricularia) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), which are Pest consumption in agroecosystems generally increases thought to be key woolly apple aphid predators but were when different predator taxa complement each other by not present at our study location, we released earwigs feeding at different times or in different locations into the study area. Across 1413 h of video recorded (Straub et al. 2008). However, if niche overlap occurs, over 4 weeks, earwigs made the most attacks on woolly intraguild predation can disrupt biological control of apple aphid colonies, but coccinellid larvae spent more pests (Rosenheim 1998;Straubetal.2008). -
Aphis Spiraecola
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Aphis spiraecola STAGE 1: INITIATION 1. What is the name of the pest? Aphis spiraecola Patch (Hemiptera, Aphididae) – Spiraea aphid (also Green citrus aphid). Synonyms: many, due to historic confusion over its identity; most common is Aphis citricola van der Goot (see CABI, 2013). 2. What initiated this rapid PRA? The UK Plant Health Risk Register identified the need to update the first UK PRA (MacLeod, 2000), taking into account recent information on hosts, impacts, vectored pathogens and UK status. 3. What is the PRA area? The PRA area is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. STAGE 2: RISK ASSESSMENT 4. What is the pest’s status in the EC Plant Health Directive (Council Directive 2000/29/EC1) and in the lists of EPPO2? Aphis spiraecola is not listed in the EC Plant Health Directive, not recommended for regulation as a quarantine pest by EPPO and it is not on the EPPO Alert List. 5. What is the pest’s current geographical distribution? Aphis spiraecola probably originates in the Far East. It is now very widespread around the world in temperate and tropical regions, occurring across every continent except Antarctica (CABI, 2013). In Europe, A. spiraecola is found around the Mediterranean, with a patchy Balkan distribution and it is absent from Scandinavia and the Baltic states. It is stated as present in: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, and Russia (west of the Urals) (CABI 2013). It is not confirmed as being established in the Netherlands, either outdoors or under protection. -
1 Large-Scale Geographic Survey Provides Insights Into the Colonization History of a Major
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.11.421644; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Large-scale geographic survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major 2 aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa 3 4 Olvera-Vazquez S.G.1, Remoué C.1, Venon A.1, Rousselet A.1, Grandcolas O.1, Azrine M.1, 5 Momont L.1, Galan M.2, L. Benoit2, David G.3, Alhmedi A.4, Beliën T.4, Alins G.5, Franck 6 P.6, Haddioui A.7, Jacobsen S.K.8, Andreev R.9, Simon S.10, Sigsgaard L. 8, Guibert E.11, 7 Tournant L.12, Gazel F.13, Mody K.14, Khachtib Y. 7, Roman A.15, Ursu T.M.15, Zakharov I.A. 8 16, Belcram H.1, Harry M.17, Roth M.18, Simon J.C.19, Oram S.20, Ricard J.M.11, Agnello A.21, 9 Beers E. H.22, Engelman J.23, Balti I.24, Salhi-Hannachi A24, Zhang H.25, Tu H. 25, Mottet C.26, 10 Barrès B.26, Degrave A.27, Razmjou J. 28, Giraud T.3, Falque M.1, Dapena E.29, Miñarro, M.29, 11 Jardillier L.3, Deschamps P.3, Jousselin E.2, Cornille, A.1 12 13 1. Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190 14 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 2. -
Thermal Requirements and Effect of Temperature and Prey on the Development of the Predator Harmonia Axyridis
PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Thermal Requirements and Effect of Temperature and Prey on the Development of the Predator Harmonia axyridis GEORGE J. STATHAS,1,2 DIMITRIOS C. KONTODIMAS,3 FILITSA KARAMAOUNA,3 1 AND STAVROS KAMPOURIS Environ. Entomol. 40(6): 1541Ð1545 (2011); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN10240 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/40/6/1541/532414 by guest on 23 September 2021 ABSTRACT Thermal requirements (lower temperature threshold and thermal constant) for the development of each developmental stage of the predator Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were studied on Aphis fabae Scopoli and Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach) under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, and 30ЊC) and prey species was examined on pre-imaginal developmental duration and life cycle (pre-oviposition period included) of the predator. Our results suggest comparable thermal requirements for the development of H. axyridis on the particular prey and when compared with other aphid species. The total preimaginal development of H. axyridis,at 15, 20, and 30ЊC, and its life cycle, at 15 and 30ЊC, are shorter on D. crataegi than on A. fabae. KEY WORDS aphids, predator, pumpkin, rearing, thermal thresholds The predator Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: posed, therefore the lower developmental threshold t Coccinellidae) was introduced into Greece from and the day-degree requirements for their develop- France for the control of aphids in central and south- ment (thermal constant K) may be useful indicators of ern Greece from 1994 to 1999, where it was released an insectÕs potential distribution (Messenger 1959). at various crop and ornamental plant production sites The relationship between the development rate and (Katsoyannos et al. -
Distribution of Spiders in Coastal Grey Dunes
kaft_def 7/8/04 11:22 AM Pagina 1 SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY D ISTRIBUTION OF SPIDERS IN COASTAL GREY DUNES Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY- ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL - ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL Dries Bonte Dispersal is crucial in structuring species distribution, population structure and species ranges at large geographical scales or within local patchily distributed populations. The knowledge of dispersal evolution, motivation, its effect on metapopulation dynamics and species distribution at multiple scales is poorly understood and many questions remain unsolved or require empirical verification. In this thesis we contribute to the knowledge of dispersal, by studying both ecological and evolutionary aspects of spider dispersal in fragmented grey dunes. Studies were performed at the individual, population and assemblage level and indicate that behavioural traits narrowly linked to dispersal, con- siderably show [adaptive] variation in function of habitat quality and geometry. Dispersal also determines spider distribution patterns and metapopulation dynamics. Consequently, our results stress the need to integrate knowledge on behavioural ecology within the study of ecological landscapes. / Promotor: Prof. Dr. Eckhart Kuijken [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Dries Bonte Conservation] Co-promotor: Prf. Dr. Jean-Pierre Maelfait [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Conservation] and Prof. Dr. Luc lens [Ghent University] Date of public defence: 6 February 2004 [Ghent University] Universiteit Gent Faculteit Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2003-2004 Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes: spatial patterns and evolutionary-ecological importance of dispersal Verspreiding van spinnen in grijze kustduinen: ruimtelijke patronen en evolutionair-ecologisch belang van dispersie door Dries Bonte Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor [Ph.D.] in Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen Promotor: Prof. -
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–22
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 319.56–22 is free of fruit flies must be treated for Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, such pests in accordance with part 305 South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Wash- of this chapter. If an authorized treat- ington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyo- ment does not exist for a specific fruit ming, the District of Columbia, or the fly, the importation of such apples and U.S. Virgin Islands, or any part of Illi- pears is prohibited. nois, Kentucky, Missouri, or Virginia, north of the 38th parallel, subject to § 319.56–21 Okra from certain coun- the requirements of § 319.56–3. tries. (d) Importations into areas of California Okra from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, that are not pink bollworm generally in- Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Suriname, Ven- fested or suppressive areas. (1) During ezuela, and the West Indies may be im- January 1 through March 15, inclusive, ported into the United States in ac- okra may be imported into California cordance with this section and all subject to the requirements of § 319.56– other applicable provisions of this sub- 3. part. (2) During March 16 through Decem- (a) Importations into pink bollworm ber 31, inclusive, okra may be imported generally infested or suppressive areas in into California if it is treated for the the United States. Okra may be im- pink bollworm in accordance with part ported into areas defined in § 301.52–2a 305 of this chapter. as pink bollworm generally infested or (e) Imports from Andros Island of the suppressive areas, provided the okra is Bahamas. -
How Will Aphids Respond to More Frequent Drought?
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.168112; this version posted December 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 1 Stressful times in a climate crisis: how will aphids respond to more 2 frequent drought? 3 Running title: Aphid-plant interactions under drought stress 4 Abstract 5 Aim 6 Aphids are abundant in natural and managed vegetation, supporting a diverse 7 community of organisms and causing damage to agricultural crops. Using a meta- 8 analysis approach, we aimed to advance understanding of how increased drought 9 incidence will affect this ecologically and economically important insect group, and to 10 characterise the underlying mechanisms. 11 Location 12 Global. 13 Time period 14 1958–2020. 15 Major taxa studied 16 Aphids. 17 Methods 18 We used qualitative and quantitative synthesis techniques to determine whether 19 drought stress has a negative, positive, or null effect on aphid fitness. We examined 20 these effects in relation to 1) aphid biology, 2) the aphid-plant. species combination. 21 We compiled two datasets: 1) a “global” dataset (n = 55 from 55 published studies) 22 comprising one pooled effect size per study, and 2) an “expanded” dataset (n = 93) 23 containing multiple datapoints per study, separated into different measures of aphid 24 fitness but pooled across aphid-plant combinations. Where reported, we extracted 25 data on the effect of drought on plant vigour, and plant tissue concentrations of 26 nutrients and defensive compounds, to capture the potential causes of aphid 27 responses.