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1 America's Relations with Greece to 1945: from Aloof Soft Power to The
1 AMERICA’S RELATIONS WITH GREECE TO 1945: FROM ALOOF SOFT POWER TO THE ONSET OF REGIONAL HARD POWER The Inaugural Demetrios and Demetra Partalis Kales Annual Lecture in Modern Greek History delivered at the Michigan League on November 12, 2009 by S. Victor Papacosma, Emeritus Professor of History and Director of the Lemnitzer Center for NATO and European Union Studies at Kent State University, Executive Director of the Modern Greek Studies Association The interest and involvement of the United States in Greek affairs began a slow trajectory from rather peripheral in the early nineteenth century to a level of increased concern by the end of World War II. But even by the beginning of 1945, as the following comments will try to point out, projections pointed to a limited regional presence for the United States, essentially a continuation of softer, relatively idealistic policy objectives. By early 1947, however, a dramatic reorientation would manifest itself, and not just for US relations with Greece. We must start at the beginning. George Washington in his 1796 Farewell Address had advised American abstention from European political and military entanglements. The level of American contact with the more distantly located, Ottoman-dominated Balkans developed even more slowly than that with other European regions during the nineteenth century. If any official American policy existed toward the problematic Eastern Question with its accompanying great power rivalries, it was that, in the issue of the Turkish Straits, freedom of the seas and therefore freedom of transit and navigation in the Straits should prevail both for naval and commercial vessels.1 The first Balkan people to attract the significant attention of America were the Greeks. -
First Lady: the Life and Wars of Clementine Churchill Free Ebook
FREEFIRST LADY: THE LIFE AND WARS OF CLEMENTINE CHURCHILL EBOOK Sonia Purnell | 400 pages | 14 May 2015 | Aurum Press Ltd | 9781781313060 | English | London, United Kingdom Biography of Clementine Churchill, Britain's First Lady First Lady is a bold biography of a bold woman; at last Purnell has put Clementine Churchill at the centre of her own extraordinary story, rather than in the shadow of her husband's.' 'From the influence she wielded to the secrets she kept, a new book looks at the extraordinary role of Winston Churchill's wife Clementine who proved that behind. First Lady: the Life and Wars of Clementine Churchill, review: 'fascinating account of an under appreciated woman' Geoffrey Lyons reviews Sonia Purnell’s enthralling new biography of one of Britain’s most misunderstood figures. Keeping silent was, Purnell argues, Clementines most decisive and courageous action of the war. Anne Sebba is the author of American Jennie, The Remarkable Life of Lady Randolph Churchill (WW Norton ) and is currently writing Les Parisiennes: how Women lived, loved and died in Paris from for publication in First Lady: The Life and Wars of Clementine Churchill First Lady: the Life and Wars of Clementine Churchill, review: 'fascinating account of an under appreciated woman' Geoffrey Lyons reviews Sonia Purnell’s enthralling new biography of one of Britain’s most misunderstood figures. Royal Oak lecturer Sonia Purnell’s new book, “First Lady: the Life and Wars of Clementine Churchill,” is out to rave reviews. Examining Clementine’s role in some of the critical events of the 20th century, Purnell retells a history that has largely marginalized Sir Winston’s wife. -
The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989
FORUM The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989 ✣ Commentaries by Michael Kraus, Anna M. Cienciala, Margaret K. Gnoinska, Douglas Selvage, Molly Pucci, Erik Kulavig, Constantine Pleshakov, and A. Ross Johnson Reply by Mark Kramer and V´ıt Smetana Mark Kramer and V´ıt Smetana, eds. Imposing, Maintaining, and Tearing Open the Iron Curtain: The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014. 563 pp. $133.00 hardcover, $54.99 softcover, $54.99 e-book. EDITOR’S NOTE: In late 2013 the publisher Lexington Books, a division of Rowman & Littlefield, put out the book Imposing, Maintaining, and Tearing Open the Iron Curtain: The Cold War and East-Central Europe, 1945–1989, edited by Mark Kramer and V´ıt Smetana. The book consists of twenty-four essays by leading scholars who survey the Cold War in East-Central Europe from beginning to end. East-Central Europe was where the Cold War began in the mid-1940s, and it was also where the Cold War ended in 1989–1990. Hence, even though research on the Cold War and its effects in other parts of the world—East Asia, South Asia, Latin America, Africa—has been extremely interesting and valuable, a better understanding of events in Europe is essential to understand why the Cold War began, why it lasted so long, and how it came to an end. A good deal of high-quality scholarship on the Cold War in East-Central Europe has existed for many years, and the literature on this topic has bur- geoned in the post-Cold War period. -
MOD Art Collection Artwork
MOD Art Collection Artwork Title Primary Maker Name Media Materials Description Type HRH The Duke of Cambridge Unknown Artist Oil on canvas Painting Dawn, Action Stations, Malta Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas Painting Calabria Coast: Dawn, 3rd September 1943 Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas Painting View of Sir Edward Pellew's Group, Gulf of Carpentaria, December 1802 William Westall Oil on canvas. Unglazed Painting Charles Phillip Yorke (1764-1834), First Lord of the Admiralty Unknown Artist Oil on canvas Painting British Fleet, Led by Admiral Sir John Fisher in HMS "Renown" entering Grand Harbour, Malta 1901 Luigi Galea Oil on card. Painting Landscape with Travellers Unknown Artist Oil on panel. Painting Emsworth Harbour from the Mole Bobbie Pinson Acrylic on canvas. Painting Arial (Preparatory Sketch) Louise Cattrell Oil on card. Painting Keep (Preparatory Sketch) Louise Cattrell Oil on card Painting Sir Thomas Hardy Lemuel Francis Abbott Oil on canvas Painting Sir Charles Morice Pole Bart GCB MP (1757-1830) John MacArthur Oil on canvas. Painting William Corbett, Cashier of the Navy Thomas Hudson Oil on canvas Painting View of Versailles and Clagni Rigaud Painting The Last Voyage of HMS Vanguard, Portsmouth, 4th August 1960 Richard Eurich Oil on canvas Painting Landscape with River and Figures Unknown Artist Oil on panel Painting Winter Landscape with Skaters Unknown Artist Oil on panel Painting Street Scene, Vilnius, Lithuania, 1994 Unknown Artist Tempera Painting Landscape with Lake and Houses, Macedonia,1994 Lila Kotus Oil on canvas. Painting Criccieth Castle Unknown Artist Oil on board. Painting An Attack on Admiral Rawling`s Force, 28 May 1941 Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas. -
The Road to American Participation in the Greek Civil War, 1943-1949
FROM SKEPTICAL DISINTEREST TO IDEOLOGICAL CRUSADE: THE ROAD TO AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE GREEK CIVIL WAR, 1943-1949 by STEPHEN VILLIOTIS B.A. University of Central Florida, 2004 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2013 © 2013 Stephen Villiotis ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the way in which the United States formulated its policy toward Greece during the Greek civil war (1943-1949). It asserts that U.S. intervention in Greece was based on circumstantial evidence and the assumption of Soviet global intentions, rather than on dispatches from the field which consistently reported from 1943-1946 that the Soviets were not involved in that country’s affairs. It also maintains that the post-Truman Doctrine American policy in Greece was in essence, a continuation of British policy there from 1943-1946, which meant to impose an unpopular government on the people of Greece, and tolerated unlawful violence of the extreme Greek right-wing. iii For my Parents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank first and foremost my parents for without whom, this undertaking would not have been possible. I could not imagine how my life would have turned out without your support. To my wife Stephanie, thank you for always believing in me. You are amazing. I would also like to thank my fellow classmates, Dan, Ryan, Andrew, Derek, Lew, Scott, Jennifer, and Shannon. Your friendship and support made this experience worth every second. -
British Perceptions of Eam/Elas Rule in Thessaloniki 1944-45
GEORGE M. ALEXANDER BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF EAM/ELAS RULE IN THESSALONIKI 1944-45 Since the Second World War there have been numerous scholarly accounts of the Greek civil war of December 1944. As A rule they have focused on events in Athens, where the most important negotiations and eventually the worst of the bloodshed between the British Army and EAM/ELAS* took place. By contrast, events in Salonica during this troubled time have been largely ignored. In the present article use will be made of recently released official British archives to present A brief survey of A turbulent period in the history of the capital of northern Greece**. I. Dictatorship (29 October-5 December 1944) The long awaited evacuation of German troops from Salonica com menced on 29 October 1944. Three days later, on 1 November, the last of the Wehrmacht quit the city’s perimeter. Units of ELAS promptly entered the town, soon followed by A handful of British troops, A few Greek Government officials, and two squadrons of Royal Air Force Spitfires which harassed the retreating enemy into Yugoslavia. To their chagrin the Greek officials found Salonica’s civil administration firmly under the control of EAM. Yet British military reports to Athens during the first fortnight of November indicated that the town was quiet, and that EAM/ELAS was cooperative1. *EAM (National Liberation Front) and its army ELAS (National Popular Liberation Army) constituted the largest Greek resistance movement. EAM was A coalition of Socialists and Communists, in which the Communists predominated. ♦’Indeed, the article will rest exclusively or British sources. -
Catalogue 244: the Churchills 1 15
The Churchills Catalogue 244 July 2021 ABOUT THIS CATALOGUE Most of the books in this catalogue are from the private library of the late The Hon. David Levine AO RFD QC. Most carry his bookplate or book label, usually affixed to the upper pastedown or upper free endpaper. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE Unless otherwise described, all books are in the original cloth or board binding, and are in very good, or better, condition with defects, if any, fully described. Our prices are nett, and quoted in Australian dollars. Traditional trade terms apply. Items are offered subject to prior sale. All orders will be confirmed by email. PAYMENT OPTIONS We accept the major credit cards, PayPal, and direct deposit to the following account: Account name: Kay Craddock Antiquarian Bookseller Pty Ltd BSB: 083 004 Account number: 87497 8296 Should you wish to pay by cheque we may require the funds to be cleared before items are sent. GUARANTEE As a member or affiliate of the associations listed below, we embrace the time-honoured traditions and courtesies of the book trade. We also uphold the highest standards of business principles and ethics, including your right to privacy. Under no circumstances will we disclose any of your personal information to a third party, unless your specific permission is given. TRADE ASSOCIATIONS Australian and New Zealand Association of Antiquarian Booksellers [ANZAAB] Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association [ABA(Int)] International League of Antiquarian Booksellers [ILAB] Australian Booksellers Association REFERENCES CITED Cohen: Bibliography of the Writings of Sir Winston Churchill. By Ronald Cohen. In three volumes. Thoemmes Continuum, London, 2006. -
Operation Sunrise: America's OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945
Swiss American Historical Society Review Volume 52 Number 1 Article 3 2-2016 Operation Sunrise: America's OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945 Stephen P. Halbrook Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review Part of the European History Commons, and the European Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Halbrook, Stephen P. (2016) "Operation Sunrise: America's OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945," Swiss American Historical Society Review: Vol. 52 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol52/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swiss American Historical Society Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Halbrook: Operation Sunrise Operation Sunrise: America's OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945 by Stephen P. Halbrook* Operation Sunrise was a cooperative effort of American and Swiss intelligence services which led to the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht forces in Northern Italy and Western Austria on May 2, 1945. General Heinrich von Yietinghoff, Commander-in Chief of the Southwest Command and of Army Group C, surrendered nearly a million soldiers, the strongest remaining German force. This was the first great surrender of German forces to the Allies, and became a strong impetus for the final Allied victory over Nazi Germany on May 8, Victory in Europe (YE) Day. Operation Sunrise helped to nip in the bud Nazi aspirations for guerilla resistance in an Alpine redoubt. -
The US Army Air Forces in WWII
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Air Force Historical Studies Office 28 June 2011 Errata Sheet for the Air Force History and Museum Program publication: With Courage: the United States Army Air Forces in WWII, 1994, by Bernard C. Nalty, John F. Shiner, and George M. Watson. Page 215 Correct: Second Lieutenant Lloyd D. Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 218 Correct Lieutenant Hughes To: Second Lieutenant Lloyd H. Hughes Page 357 Correct Hughes, Lloyd D., 215, 218 To: Hughes, Lloyd H., 215, 218 Foreword In the last decade of the twentieth century, the United States Air Force commemorates two significant benchmarks in its heritage. The first is the occasion for the publication of this book, a tribute to the men and women who served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War 11. The four years between 1991 and 1995 mark the fiftieth anniversary cycle of events in which the nation raised and trained an air armada and com- mitted it to operations on a scale unknown to that time. With Courage: U.S.Army Air Forces in World War ZZ retells the story of sacrifice, valor, and achievements in air campaigns against tough, determined adversaries. It describes the development of a uniquely American doctrine for the application of air power against an opponent's key industries and centers of national life, a doctrine whose legacy today is the Global Reach - Global Power strategic planning framework of the modern U.S. Air Force. The narrative integrates aspects of strategic intelligence, logistics, technology, and leadership to offer a full yet concise account of the contributions of American air power to victory in that war. -
Britain and the Greek Security Battalions, 1943-1944
VOL. XV, Nos. 1 & 2 SPRING-SUMMER 1988 Publisher: LEANDROS PAPATHANASIOU Editorial Board: MARIOS L. EVRIVIADES ALEXANDROS KITROEFF PETER PAPPAS YIANNIS P. ROUBATIS Managing Eidtor: SUSAN ANASTASAKOS Advisory Board: MARGARET ALEXIOU KOSTIS MOSKOFF Harvard University Thessaloniki, Greece SPYROS I. ASDRACHAS Nlcos MOUZELIS University of Paris I London School of Economics LOUKAS AXELOS JAMES PETRAS Athens, Greece S.U.N.Y. at Binghamton HAGEN FLEISCHER OLE L. SMITH University of Crete University of Copenhagen ANGELIKI E. LAIOU STAVROS B. THOMADAKIS Harvard University Baruch College, C.U.N.Y. CONSTANTINE TSOUCALAS University of Athens The Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora is a quarterly review published by Pella Publishing Company, Inc., 337 West 36th Street, New York, NY 10018-6401, U.S.A., in March, June, September, and December. Copyright © 1988 by Pella Publishing Company. ISSN 0364-2976 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS DAVID GILMORE is professor of anthropology at the State Uni- versity of New York at Stony Brook . MOLLY GREENE is a doc- toral candidate at Princeton University . CLIFFORD P. HACKETT is a former aide to U.S. Representative Benjamin Rosenthal and Senator Paul Sarbanes. He is currently administering an exchange program between the U.S. Congress and the European Parliament and is also executive director of the American Council for Jean Monnet Studies . JOHN LOUIS HONDROS is professor of history at the College of Wooster, Ohio ... ADAMANTIA POLLIS is professor of political science at the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Re- search . JOHN E. REXINE is Charles A. Dana Professor of the Classics and director of the division of the humanities at Colgate Uni- versity . -
Marston Lafrance SWORD of HONOUR
Marston LaFrance SWORD OF HONOUR: THE IRONIST PLACATUS Sword of Honour offers plenty of critical problems quite sufficient unto themselves, but they are further complicated by the mere fact of the trilogy's place in the canon. Because it comes at the end of Waugh's long career the reader is bound to be influenced, more or less unavoidably, by his general view of the earlier work, by his overall conception of an author whom he has enjoyed- or resented- for almost four decades. At least three such general views seem to have emerged over the years, and a brief look at them will suggest that a fourth might prove useful. Those readers who consider Waugh "essentially a comedian", 1 for example, should find Men at Arms the most attractive part of the trilogy, and thus it should surprise no one that this book, the least important of the three, has been called "the best of Waugh's novels".2 Readers convinced that Waugh is the twentieth century's archetypal snob, and prejudiced champion of a defunct aristocracy, must find Officers and Gentlemen impossible and parts of Unconditional Surrend er difficult to accept. Those who view him as primarily a disgruntled Tory satirist- probably the majority, and the best of the lot- will find abundant grist for their aesthetic mills throughout the trilogy, but they will also encounter solid blocks of material which their machinery canno t easily accommodate. There is nothing conspicuously satiric about the relationship between Guy and his father,3 about the deaths of Gervase and lvo, Tony Box-Bender's becoming a monk, Guy's betrayal by Virgini a, Guy's devotion to the ideal represented by Sir Roger of Waybroke, Guy's escape from Crete, Mr. -
'Being Traitors': Post-War Greece in the Experience of Jewish Partisans
Southeast European and Black Sea Studies ISSN: 1468-3857 (Print) 1743-9639 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fbss20 ‘Being traitors’: post-war Greece in the experience of Jewish partisans Kateřina Králová To cite this article: Kateřina Králová (2017): ‘Being traitors’: post-war Greece in the experience of Jewish partisans, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, DOI: 10.1080/14683857.2017.1324277 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2017.1324277 Published online: 05 May 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 5 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fbss20 Download by: [The UC San Diego Library] Date: 16 May 2017, At: 03:59 SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2017.1324277 ‘Being traitors’: post-war Greece in the experience of Jewish partisans Kateřina Králová Department of Russian and East European Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY As a result of political developments, silence about Jewish resistance Received 11 December 2015 in post-war Greece persisted for decades. In my article, I focus on the Accepted 16 April 2016 post-war fate of Jewish partisans in the context of the Greek Civil War KEYWORDS and the emerging East–West conflict. After liberation, many partisans Jews; Holocaust; Greece; in Greece were stigmatized and even tried as communists. In the resistance; Israel; persecution 1980s, when Athens shifted towards socialism, Jewish survivors began to speak up regarding their involvement in the left-leaning resistance (EAM/ELAS).