ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT February 2009

E2126

Public Disclosure Authorized

AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT SERVICE DEPARTMENT

Public Disclosure Authorized AZERBAIJAN HIGHWAY II PROJECT REHABILITATION OF 600 KM OF MAGISTRAL ROADS

HAJIGABUL-HORADIZ ROAD REHABILITATION

Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT February 2009

Public Disclosure Authorized

Kocks Consult GmbH Stegemannstrasse Koblenz, Germany ii

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 8 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ...... 8 1.2 METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 8 1.3 THE STUDY AREA ...... 9 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...... 12 2.1 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES...... 12 2.2 GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ...... 12 3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 18 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 19 4.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT...... 19 4.2 PROPOSED REHABILITATION SCHEME...... 19 4.3 POTENTIAL BORROW AREAS ...... 20 4.4 TRAFFIC FORECAST...... 21 4.5 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION...... 21 4.6 LIFE SPAN OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT...... 21 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 21 5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 21 5.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT...... 27 5.3 HUMAN AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT...... 30 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 34 6.1 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS AND MITIGATION...... 34 6.2 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION DURING OPERATION...... 46 6.3 ‘WITHOUT PROJECT’ SCENARIO ...... 48 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 49 7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 49 7.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND REPORTING ...... 50 7.3 COST ESTIMATE ...... 51 7.4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 52 7.5 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING...... 53 8 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 55 8.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS...... 55 8.2 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 55

List of Figure Figure 1: Project location for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)...... 11 Figure 2: Rehabilitation Scheme for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)...... 20 Figure 3: Geology for Hajibabul-Horadiz Road...... 23 Figure 4: Project location for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)...... 25 Figure 5: Map of Environmental and Some Social Features for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) . 33

List of Tables

Table 1: Relevant Laws and Regulation on Environmental Protection and Road Rehabilitation15 Table 2: International Agreements and Conventions...... 17 Table 3: Hydrologic Information for the Major Rivers in Hajibabul-Horadiz (M6)...... 26 Table 4: Hydrologic Information for the Major Lakes in Hajibabul-Horadiz (M6) ...... 27 Table 5: Administrative Hierarchy and Population along Hajigabul-Horadiz Road ...... 30 Table 6: Percent of Households with Access to Utilities (%) in the Project Economic Regions. 30 Table 7: Agricultural Lands in the Study Region...... 31 Table 8: Maximum Allowable Noise Levels ...... 38 Table 9: Responsibilities for Implementing the Environmental Management Plan ...... 51 Table 10: Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Cost for Hajigabul-Horadiz (M6) ...... 52 Table 11: Implementation Schedule...... 52

List of Annexes

Annex A. Mitigation measures during Design, Construction, and Operation Annex B. Environmental Monitoring Plan Annex C. Results of Public Consultation and List of Participants – Shirvan District

Abbreviations

CSC - construction supervision consultant EA - environmental assessment EA&MF - Environmental Assessment and Management Framework EIA - environmental impact assessment EHS - Environment, health and safety EMP - environmental management plan EP - environmental protection ESS - Ecology and Safety Sector HIV/AIDS - human immuno-deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome IBA - Important Bird Areas IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources LACMA - Law on Administrative Control on Municipality Activity MDG - Millenium Development Goal MENR - Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources MOH - Ministry of Health MOT - Ministry of Transport NGO - non government organization OP - operational policy PIU - project implementation unit RER - Regional Environmental Review ROW - right-of- way RPF - Resettlement Policy Framework ARS - Road Transport Service Department SFF - State Forest Fund STD - sexually transmitted disease UNDP - United Nations Development Programme WB - World Bank

Units of Measurement

°C - degree Celsius km - kilometer km/h - km per hour km 2 - square kilometer m - meter m3 - cubic meter mm - millimeter

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Introduction / Project Scope

The (M6) Hajigabul-Horadiz Road is one of the five roads programmed for rehabilitation under the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) “Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads”. The consultancy scope consists of preparation of Preliminary and Detailed Engineering Design, Tender Documents and Environmental Assessment / Resettlement Reports for the said project roads.

As the identified roads are individual project components, this Environmental Assessment (EA) report specifically has been prepared for the proposed rehabilitation of the M6: Hajigabul- Horadiz Road. This road segment stretches around 175 kms generally southwesterly from the flat plains in Hajigabul and Shirvan area, through Bharamtapa, to Horadiz, and which will be upgraded to Category II roads. The project proponent is the Road Transport Service Department (ARS) of the Ministry of Transport (MOT).

To facilitate implementation and to ensure that sub-projects included in the “Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads” Project will comply with Azerbaijan’s legislation, procedures and policies, international conventions and WB safeguard policies, especially concerning environment, resettlement and land acquisition. A Regional Environmental Review (RER), Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EA&MF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) have been prepared for the Highway II Project under WB financing. These documents served as guides for the conduct of the EA study and provided the framework for the elaboration of the various impact mitigation measures and provisions for environmental management during project implementation.

The objective of this EA is to address the environmental impacts and management issues associated with the proposed road rehabilitation. The EA Report, which includes an environmental management plan, addresses the needs of applicable laws and regulations of the Government of Azerbaijan including the provisions of the World Bank on the following: (1) Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, January 1999); (2) Operational Policy Note on Management of Cultural Property in Bank Financed Projects (OPN 11.03, August 1999); (3) Operational Policy on Natural Habitats (OP 4.04); and (4) The Disclosure Handbook (December 2002).

The preparation of this EA was undertaken through field investigations, consultations with ARS, and Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) and stakeholder consultations.

In addition to the RER, EA&MF and RPF, other references used for this EA are studies prepared by other consultants such as Finnroad Ltd. for Tovuz Bypass, Engconsult Ltd. for Yevlakh-Ganja Road Rehabilitation, Kocks Consult GmbH on the Final Environmental Assessment Report for the Baku-Shamakhy Road Rehabilitation, TERA International Group on the Environmental Review Framework and Impact Assessment Report under ADB TA 4684- Aze-Phase 2: Preparing the Southern Road Corridor Improvement Project, and Scott Wilson Ltd on Preparation of Environmental and Management Plan and Capacity Building, Azerbaijan Highway Improvement and Development, August 2007.

Description of the Project

The primary goal of the Project is to reduce road transport costs and improve access, transit, and safety within Azerbaijan's Magistral roads, through the rehabilitation of the identified project road. For road users, the Project would lead to better road quality meeting mid-term traffic

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report projections, better safety standards, lower travel costs and a shorter travel time. For the economy, with improved accessibility and mobility of goods and services, it is hoped that local economic gains will translate to enhanced productivity, higher per capita income, better standard of living and more developed social services.

All of the proposed works will be accommodated within the existing right of way (ROW), which spans 30 m to either side of the centerline of the road (i.e. 60 m wide in total). The proposed rehabilitation works will have the following features:

Reconstruction of the existing two-lane road including pavement strengthening;

Spot realignments at certain locations where the current design jeopardizes traffic safety and not conforming to prevailing standards;

Maximum total width of the road to be constructed is 15m (18.5m with climbing lane whenever necessary);

Lane width is 7.5m (2 x 3.75m + 3.5m for climbing lane, whenever necessary);

Maximum shoulder width is 3.75m (3.75m x 2), 0.75m x 2 paved with asphalt concrete, 3.0m (3.0m x 2) single bituminous surface treatment;

Cross-fall on the carriageway is 2%, and on the shoulders is 4%;

Design speeds of 100 km/h for flat and undulated terrain, 80 km/h for hilly terrain, 30-60 km/h for mountainuous areas, and 50 km/h for the urban areas;

Intersections/interchanges with other roads designed to international standards;

Reconstruction or rehabilitation of eleven bridges, replacement of damaged culverts and installation of additional ones; and

Traffic safety features such as illumination, pedestrian crossing, road signs, road marking, livestock crossing, and road furniture, including appropriate road safety barriers (guardrails).

The project is scheduled to commence in mid 2011 and is forecasted to take three (3) years until its completion in mid-2014. The project will be designed for a life span of twenty (20) years provided that routine and periodic maintenance is carried out.

Description of the Physical Environment

Geologically, the entire study area is on alluvium. The alluvial plain is said to be still accreting due to the high deposition of sediments from the rivers originating from the Lesser Caucasus mountains. The Kura River’s flood plains are typically underlain by mainly loose, unconsolidated sand and alluvium as well as some occurrence of mountain outwash deposits and lacustrine sediments. The landscape in the study corridor is predominantly flat and covered with young sediments of holocene, and quaternary ages, and which consist primarily terrestrial and marine clays, sand and gravel deposits. The two major soil types occuring along the project road corridor are sierozem (meadow gray soil) and meadow soils.

The climate along Hajigabul-Horadiz Road varies from climate varies from dry subtropical climate of semi-deserts with moderate warm winters and dry, hot summers. The area have a

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report more or less even rainfall throughout the year with the least occurring in August (<25mm) and the greatest in March-May (about 40 mm).

Along the project corridor, the current traffic is comparatively light to moderate, as this is the main thoroughfare in the Aran and Yukhari-Karabakh Economic Regions. Vehicular emission is thus minimal and does not constitute a major source of air quality problems at this time. Currently, no major stationary sources of local air quality problem and elevated noise levels are found along the road corridor.

The project road has four (4) major rivers that traverse the Hajigabul-Horadiz corridor, generally flowing from west to east. These rivers are Guruchay, Kondelenchay, Arazchay, and Kurchay. There are two lakes located quite close to the study corridor – the Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes.

In terms of natural hazards, seismicity is quite high at the western part and the middle part in the project road M6. Flooding due to the overflowing the Kur and Araz Rivers were also experienced in recent past.

Description of the Natural Environment

Based on secondary data and as observed the faunal biodiversity is not particularly high in the area along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), owing to the presence of built-up areas, settlements, and agricultural lands. Some threatened animal species (of both national and international importance) have their natural habitat in the wider parts of the region, such as the Aggyol National Park and the Barda Sanctuary, and three internationally important sites (Important Bird Areas – IBA) – Mugan Steppe, Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes. These areas are not expected to be affected by the Project as the road rehabilitation project will be confined only within the existing 60m ROW.

The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) is the most notable species of bird in the area, as well as in several countries in the region, since it is considered as a vulnerable (VU) species and has to be protected and left undisturbed during its breeding and nesting seasons. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) and Greek Tortoise (Testudo graeca c) is also listed as one of the IUCN species and in the World Data Book as near threatened (NT) species. These species including the Caspian ( Mauremys caspica) should be protected and should be left mobile in the area by providing biodiversity crossings. If and when they are found in the construction area during construction these turtles should be caught and released in nearby ponds and leave them there undisturbed.

The flora of the region is mainly of semi-desert area where the typical species are saltwort (Salsola sp.) , Salicornia europaea , and various species of wormwood ( Artemisia sp .). The network of irrigation channels is observed to have abundance of reeds ( Phragmites communis, Typha sp., Scirpus acutus ), which demarcates the water courses.

Protected Areas

Along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) there is only one (1) officially proclaimed protected area, and this is the Aggyol National Park. In addition, there are three (3) internationally important sites (Important Bird Areas – IBA) – Mugan Steppe, Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes, but do not have local protection status. The Aggyol National Park is a Ramsar Site and Important Bird Area and is internationally protected. It was created for conservation of interntationally important wintering and breeding birds that flock the area. The three IBAs were designated as habitats for important bird species. No special mitigation measures are recommended in these areas since they are too far from the road and there is enough buffer area from the road to the national park and ecologically important areas. Nevertheless, to eliminate any risk of 3

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report disturbance or contamination to the reserve, no contractor’s workers camp should be allowed in near the Aggyol National Park and the ecologically important areas.

Human Environment

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) traverses six (6) Administrative Districts and forty six (46) villages. The first five districts (Hajigabul, Sabirabad, Saatly, Imishly, and Beylagan) belong to Aran Economic Region while the last one (Fuzuli) belongs to Yukhari-Karabakh Economic Region. The forty six (46) villages will be the direct beneficiary of the road rehabilitation, but the rest of the two economic regions will also have direct and indirect benefits

Along the project road, agriculture is the primary activity, while service related, commercial and industrial activities are found in the urban centers. Electricity is widely available in the districts along with the rest of the other basic utilities (gas, heating system, piped water, sewerage, telephone), which are somewhat provided also.

There were six (6) schools, six (6) cemeteries, three (3) monuments noted down during the field assessemnt such that care should be exercised by the contractor during the rehabilitation phase. The community social amenities are well within the villages and cities, and located at a considerable distance from the project road alignment, hence, will not be directly affected by the project road rehabilitation.

Minimal realignment will be done to improve vehicular safety and to conform to standards for Category II road. The changes will entail minimal purchase or conversion of land from its current status as idle to form part of the new road right of way (ROW).

Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

For the rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), the construction will be confined within the existing 60meter ROW. Because of this project is expected that the impact to the biophysical environment will be minimal. The road alignment does not infringe into any part of the protected area, hence have minimal effect. There are only several trees affected which can be removed and replaced as they are not protected plant species.

Impacts on the faunal species by the road rehabilitation project tend to be minimal also as there are no endangered ones in the area. The Lesser Kestrel ( Falco naumanni ), which is categorized as vulnerable ( VU ) species under the IUCN category, is known to thrive in the area. The area along with similar areas in adjacent countries is considered as part of the regional habitat of this species. As a guideline, it is important that these birds are minimally disturbed during their breeding and nesting seasons.

In addition, since the road itself is regarded as a linear physical barrier that restricts movement of wildlife, a biodiversity crossing can be envisioned along the project road. The biodiversity crossing will be for the use of European Pond Turtles b ( Emys orbicularis b) a near threatened (NT ) species, Mauremy caspia and grass-snakes ( Natrix tessellata ) in getting from one side of the road to the other side. As a practical measure the biodiversity crossing will consist of a 1.25meter pipe culvert spaced at 5km, espcially in the vicinity of the Aggyol National Park. However in case there will be pipe drainage, culvert or bridge that will be constructed in the vicinity, these structures can serve the same purpose. Upon assessing the pipe and box culvert schedule and bridge locations, adequate number has already been provided totaling around 250 pipe culverts, such that additional pipes are no longer needed for biodiversity crossing.

For mobility of domestic animal the road will pose as a physical barrier when the road elevation, particularly the embankment will make it difficult for the animals to walk up. Along the 4

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Mengachevir-Bahramtapa road, the fill areas were primarily to improve the engineering design of the road and that the length of these fill areas are from 200-350 meters only. This distance is not that far for domestic animals to walk through, clear the embankment to get to lower road elevation and cross the road from one side to the other side. Hence, domestic animal crossing is not needed. Signages along the road will be necessary to alert motorists on the crossing of domestic animals, especially near villages and grazing areas.

Turtle species found in the areas near the road should be relocated to other natural ponds to keep them from being disturbed by construction activities.

Environmental Management during Construction

During construction the impacts are generally regarded spatially as direct or indirect, which will be rather short-term and will be felt during the actual rehabilitation activities for project road. With the preparation of the environmental management plan (EMP) it is hoped that the contractor will be able to control, minimize or avoid potential damage and disturbance to the physical as well as the human environment. The mitigation measures, control procedures and monitoring contained in the EMP should be applied appropriately during the entire project duration.

The possible temporary impacts as consequence of the construction activities will consist of, among others, disruption of current traffic circulation, roadway safety, damage to access roads, dust nuisance, and gaseous emissions, potential pollution of soils and water resources, brief disturbance to biota, and momentary interference to neighboring settlements through various operation activities. Off-site activities include quarry, burrow pit and asphalt plant operations, which if not managed properly, may cause localized adverse impacts. The contractor’s yard and workers’ camp can be potential sources of temporary adverse impacts. Considering all the identified impacts, it becomes essential for the contractor to prepare and later conscientiously implement the EMP throughout the duration of the project. The emphasis of the EMP shall be on the following:

• Layout of the work camp and details of the proposed measures to address adverse environmental impacts resulting from its installation, consistent with the provisions of the construction norms BCH 8-89;

• Sewage and septage management plan for provision of sanitary latrines and proper sewage collection and disposal system to prevent pollution of watercourses

• Waste (solid as well as hazardous) management plan covering provision of garbage bins, regular collection and disposal in a hygienic manner, as well as proposed disposal sites for various types of wastes consistent with appropriate regulations. Measures to address the disposal of hazardous waste should specifically be indicated;

• Description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources/bodies;

• Soil Management Plan detailing measures to be undertaken to minimize effects of wind and water erosion on stockpiles, measures to minimize loss of fertility of topsoil, timeframes, haul routes and disposal site;

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

• Dust management plan which shall include schedule for water spraying on access road and in nearby settlements along the project road, as well as list of equipment to be used;

• A plan indicating the location of the proposed material extraction site as well as rehabilitation measures to be implemented for the borrow areas and access roads upon project completion;

• A methodology or plan for bridge demolition and construction including measures that would address adverse environmental impacts such as erosion of river embankment and siltation of watercourses;

• An emergency response plan (in case of spills, accidents, fires and the like) for asphalt plants.

Prior to commencement of construction activities/site works, all of the above plans will be submitted by the contractor to the Ecology and Safety Sector (ESS) of the ARS for approval. Monitoring will be done by the ESS on every environmental aspect of the operations of the contractor for conformance to EMP and to relevant environmental laws and regulations.

Capacity Building

The staff training for ESS/district ARS is recommended as part of the construction supervision contract by an international environmental specialist focusing on capability on the proper enforcement of the EMP. A typical ESS/ARS staff training will consist of lecture type presentation of the general procedure and requirements for effective environmental monitoring followed by more detailed on-the-job and hands-on training at the construction site where the trainees will participate in the activities of the international environmental specialist/construction supervision staff in reviewing the contractor’s reports, periodic monitoring inspections, deliberation of environmental issues involving the contractor and the project stakeholders, and finally the accomplishment of environmental reports.

Public Consultation Summary and Information Disclosure

In conformance with the Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment of the WB-IBRD, public consultation for the Rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) was scheduled on 11 April 2008 at 3:00 pm in Shirvan City, part of Agjabaidi District. The PIU-ARS coordinated the holding of public consultation with the Local Executive Power of Shirvan District, wherein local residents, village officials/representatives, local NGOs, and other stakeholders were invited.

The consultants elaborated the rehabilitation works, project’s environmental and social impacts with the mitigating measures in a slide presentation (PowerPoint), maps, graphics and handouts. Comments were later solicited from the participants in an open forum and by means of written documentation filled out by the participants themselves. The consultant’s team consisted of the international and local environmental specialists, and the local resettlement specialist. A recap of the comments, recommendations, and additional information is shown in Annex C.

Upon completion of the draft EA report for this road, copies of the report will be submitted to the Government of Azerbaijan and the World Bank for comments. The ARS shall be responsible in making the draft reports (in Azeri language) available in public places for the project-affected and local NGOs. Once finalized, the Bank shall post the approved EA report in their Infoshop.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Conclusions

As determined in the environmental assessment the results clearly indicate that the environmental impacts of the proposed road rehabilitation will likely take place during the actual construction, which will be temporary in nature. It is important that the appropriate mitigation measures during the design, construction, and operation phases be undertaken in order to minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels.

An estimated cost for the mitigating measures has been done and shall be made separate cost items in the Bill of Quantities. This is one way of assuring that the measures will be given due attention and implemented within the project duration.

As a conclusion, should the measures be implemented conscientiously, the negative impacts will be successfully mitigated and the road rehabilitation project will bring immediate and long term benefits to the people through improved infrastructure, reduction in transport cost, enhanced mobility and better accessibility.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background and Objective of the Study

The government of the Republic of Azerbaijan has received a loan from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for the rehabilitation of existing roads within the country. The Project is referred to as “Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads” and will consist of upgrading and improvement of the following roads:

R 6: Tagiyev – Sahil;

M 4: Muganli – Yevlakh section of Baku – Shamakhy / Muganli – Yevlakh Road;

M 6: Hajigabul-Bahramtapa-Horadiz section of Hajigabul – Bahramtapa – Minjivan – Armenian Border;

R 18: Mingachevir – Station Mingachevir (railway) – Bahramtapa Road;

M 5: Yevlakh – Zagatala – Georgian Border.

The objective of the Project is to (i) gather all relevant information, (ii) complete preliminary design, (ii) complete the engineering design, (iii) complete and issue Environmental Assessment (EA), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), and (iv) prepare the Bidding Documentation (BD) based on the International Competitive Bidding template from the World Bank (ICB).

The Project will provide detailed drawings, specifications, bill of quantities, cost estimates and any other information relevant to the assignment taking into consideration environmental and social matters associated with the rehabilitation of the itineraries. The consultant will design the rehabilitation of the roads trying to minimize its costs while respecting both norms and rules in force in Azerbaijan.

In compliance with the World Bank-IBRD’s requirements, this environmental assessment/study report has been prepared as part of the preparation of the detailed engineering design and environmental assessment for the Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan, particularly in this report, the rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6).

The objective of this Environmental Assessment is to address the environmental impacts and management issues associated with the proposed road rehabilitation. The EA Report, which includes an environmental management plan, addresses the needs of applicable laws and regulations of the Government of Azerbaijan including provisions of the World Bank’s Environmental Assessment: OP 4.01, January 1999.

1.2 Methodology and Scope of the Study

The preparation of this EA for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) was undertaken by means of research of available secondary information, field investigations, consultations with ARS, and Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR), and stakeholder consultations.

In addition to the RER, EA&MF, and RPF, other references used for this EA are previous studies prepared by other consultants such as Finnroad Ltd. for Tovuz Bypass, Engconsult Ltd. for Yevlakh-Ganja Road Rehabilitation, and Kocks Consult GmbH for the Final Environmental

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Assessment Report for the Baku-Shamakhi Road Rehabilitation and Scott Wilson Ltd Preparation of Environmental and Management Plan and Capacity Building for the Alat-Astara Motorway Project. Field investigations on the Muganli-Yevlakh road were performed on the 6th, 8th and 28th of February 2008. The public consultation was done in Agsu, part of Agsu District on the 4th of April 2008.

The legal and institutional framework for this EA considered prevailing national legislations in Azerbaijan and WB environmental policies and guidelines. The contents of this report focus on description of existing environmental conditions, environmental impacts associated with road rehabilitation, recommended mitigating measures and environmental monitoring program. Furthermore, to ensure proper compliance additional training intervention, especially for ESS and local counterpart at the field level, on procedures for EMP compliance monitoring and related EIA concerns is deemed necessary and its conduct is proposed during Project implementation.

1.3 The Study Area

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) is an independent highway segment that generally southwesterly from the flat plains in Hajigabul and Shirvan area, through Bharamtapa, to Horadiz.It is approximately 175 kms of existing road, which is mainly a two (2)-lane paved road. From the starting point in Hajigabul, there are (6) Administrative Districts (Hajigabul, Sabirabad, Saatly, Imishly, Beylagan, and Fizuli) with forty six (46) villages along its considered impact path up to its endpoint in Horadiz.

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road starts at an elevation of 20 meters and ends up at the Hajigabul- Horadiz Road (M6) at around 240 meters from sea level. From its starting point, the road generally runs in southwest direction and in somewhat straight path with wide curves at certain spots. The road corridor is generally flat up to Bharamtapa and slopes upward at goes the rest of the way to Horadiz.

The existing condition of the road pavement is still in an acceptabble condition. However, there are other segments that seem to have already reached some deterioration especially at its starting point characterized by typical moderate map cracking, and disintegrated wearing course. The pavement is currently a two-lane road with gravel shoulder. Along its general path the road is generally elevated by at least around one meter from the surrounding fields or agricultural areas.

In terms of general environment, the project corridor traverses mainly through farmlands, pasturelands, a number of settlements, residences of villages and a number refugee camps on account of conflict with Armenia. The major city along this road is Sabirabad; however the alingment Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) bypasses the city and will not directly affect the major urban center.

Generally, for the road rehabilitation project the direct and indirect impacts will be confined in a strip of 20-25meters (12.5 meters from the new centerline) within the right-of-way of 60meters. This strip will be directly affected by reconstruction activities where road components will be constructed such as pavement, shoulder, road embankment, embankment slopes, drainage lines, protective railings and erosion protection works. Indirect impact can extend even beyond the 60 ROW due to physical and environmental characteristics of the project area. The bridges will be within the confines of this 25 meter, which will include deck pavement and shoulders, railings, abutments, piers, and foundation works.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Other areas referred to as extended area of influence will include the designated borrow areas and access roads, contractor’s yard, workers’ camp, asphalt plants and disposal sites for excavation spoils and solid wastes, and watercourses in the vicinity. The critical receptors, such as the population centers, ecologically protected areas, archeological and culturally important areas along the project corridor or near it may also be affected by noise, dust, and exhaust emissions during construction and operation. A map of the project road is shown in the Figure below.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Figure 1: Project location for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) 11

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 World Bank Environmental Policies and Guidelines

Based on the screening criteria of the World Bank the Rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) is classified as Category B project as provided in of the World Bank’s Operational Policy 4.01. Accordingly, the potential adverse impacts of Category B projects on human populations or environmentally important areas are considered less adverse than those of Category A projects. Such impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. 1 An Environmental Management Plan describing in detail the mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional strengthening and implementation schedule and costs are included in this EA report.

The EA report will be presented to both the Government of Azerbaijan through the Ministry of Transport (MOT) and WB, and which shall serve as a background document for approval by the relevant authority or agency (MENR) in Azerbaijan. The borrower (i.e. the Government of Azerbaijan) will have to make the draft EA Report available in Azeri language in public places accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs in accordance with OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessment. The borrower must also officially transmit the EA report to the Bank prior to formal appraisal. Once local disclosure requirement has been met for the EA Report, the Bank shall also make it available to the public before the formal appraisal process of the project begins. 2

2.2 Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

The fundamental legislation governing the implementation of environmental policies in Azerbaijan is the Law on Environmental Protection of 1999. This law lays down the basis for the legal, economic, and social aspects of environment protection. As stipulated in the said law, its objective is to protect environmental balance thus ensuring environmental safety, prevent the hazardous impact of industry and other activities to natural ecological systems, preservation of biological diversity and proper use of natural resources.

The basic procedure in conducting environmental assessment for proposed projects in Azerbaijan is through the State Ecological Expertise (SEE). The objective of the State Ecological Expertise is to identify impacts on environment caused by industrial units, examine the results of such impacts and predicting possible ones, in accordance with the environmental requirements and qualitative parameters of environment (Art. 50 EP Law). Further, Article 52 of EP Law stipulates the Objectives and Responsibilities of the State Ecological Expertise as follows:

1. Activity of SEE is directed to assessment of an enterprise causing impact to environment and identification of the degree of risks of made decisions, identification of effectiveness of taken measures for environment protection and use of nature resources.

1 The World Bank Operational Manual: Operational Policies (OP) 4.01, January 1999 (as revised in August 2004). 2 The World Bank (2002): The Disclosure Handbook. Operations Policy and Country Services. December 2002. 12

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2. The SEE is an important mechanism used for environment protection, with the rights to interfere, if needed, into lawmaking process in case of any violations of environmental interests.

3. Responsibilities of the SEE:

• identification of the level of safety of enterprises, in terms of environment, and their activities which might cause direct or indirect harm to environment and public health thus exposing the present and future generations to danger;

• Identification of conformity with the regulations of environment protection, sanitary- hygienic norms and rules, when the enterprise is yet under construction and planning;

• Identification of the quality of environment protection measures and substantiation of such measures.

The field or sector coverage of the SEE is specified in Article 54 (The units controlled by the SEE) of the EP Law as:

1. The State and local programs related to development and placement of productive capacities in governmental and economical institutions.

2. The documentation of technical and economical substantiation, construction (reconstruction, enlargement, and renovation technology) and destruction of economical capacities, as well as assessment of the project influence on environment.

3. Documentation concerning creation of new techniques, technologies, materials, and substances, as well as import of the same from abroad.

4. Draft of scientific-methodical and normative-technical documentation concerning environment protection.

5. Certain ecological conditions caused by improper work of industry and extraordinary situations.

6. Ecological conditions of the regions and individual (separate) natural objects and systems.

7. Provisions of draft contracts stipulating use of natural resources, as specified by the relevant decrees of the concerned executive bodies.

Currently, the primary institution in Azerbaijan with respect to the environment is the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR). A Presidential Decree in 2001 transformed the former State Committee for Ecology and Natural Resources Utilization (SCENRU) into the MENR. Thereon, along with its inherent mandate from SCENRU, the MENR assumed over the functions of several other state bodies such as the departments of Hydrometerology, Geology, Forestry, and Fishery. The functions and activities of the MENR are sub-divided into the following main sectoral areas:

• Environmental policy development

• Environmental protection

• Water monitoring and management 13

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

• Protection of marine (Caspian Sea) bio-resources

• Forest management

• Bio-resources and protected areas management

In the processing of any environmental assessment for relevant projects in Azerbaijan, MENR’s State Ecological Expertise (SEE) department (under the Department of Environmental Policy and Environmental Protection) is responsible for the review and approval of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) submitted by developers. Proponents or developers of project shall submit necessary EA documents to the SEE in a form of a project brief following the format in Appendix D of EA&MF and which will be subjected to two stage processing. The first stage will take around one month and will entail an initial examination of the application of the proposed activity to be undertaken by the MENR along with the expected impacts of the proposed activity are considered. This stage may also include preliminary consultations with other agencies, NGOs, experts and initial public inquiries on the various aspect of the project. When determined that the project or activity will likely cause only minor impacts on the environment, the application may be approved with some conditions. On the other hand, if the activity is assessed to cause significant impacts, a full EIA is required. Subsequently in such a situation, a scoping meeting of representatives of the developer/applicant, invited experts and invited members of the public will be organized and to be chaired by the MENR. Based on the outcome of this scoping meeting, the MENR will notify the developer of the required scope and depth of the investigation and public consultation during the EIA study.

The second stage of the EIA process will take around three months, and which will entail a review and investigation by the MENR of the documents which would be submitted by the developer/proponent. A group of 5-11 expert reviewers and experienced members (e.g. members of the Academy of Science, university staff, or officials from other ministries) will be convened to perform the EIA document review and which will be chaired by MENR. The composition of the review group shall be upon the discretion of the MENR but will be taken from a roster of experts who can deal adequately with project-specific environmental issues. The expert group will undertake public submissions, investigations, and consultations relevant to the project impacts as deemed necessary in the review process. Consequently, at the end of this stage, a written review of documentation together with recommendations is submitted by the environmental review expert group to the MENR.

Based on the submitted review documents, the MENR then decides on whether to deny the application or to approve it, with or without conditions. In the case of road projects specified conditions attached to the approval relate to the construction phase and may include site management; noise; dust, discharges to the air land, subsurface or water, solid waste management, emergency contingency plans, etc. These conditions are set to assist the proponent/developer control the environmental impacts such that they are maintained as the acceptable limits. Should the application be approved with conditions, either the activity starts with due consideration on the conditions or the proponent/developer may opt to appeal against the conditions and resolutions may be subjected to judicial proceedings.

During construction of the project, the applicant/developer should ensure adherence to conditions attached to the approval and be responsible for monitoring the developments of the projects along with the regular and timely reporting to MENR. The monitoring programme of the proponent/developer should be designed to give clear indications prior to conditions being breached. Practical corrective measures should be undertaken by the proponent/developer in order to avoid breach of any conditions stipulated in the approval.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

The MENR is authorized to issue warning to proponent/developer should it observe that conditions are being breached. In the event that conditions are breached, the proponent/developer is obliged to stop whatever activity which is causing the breach. In such cases, the MENR may reconsider the approval, possibly with the participation of the Environmental Review Expert Group, and the conditions of approval may be reviewed.

Should project designs be altered significantly from those presented in the in the feasibility phase EIA, additional reports on the impacts of the changes may be requested by MENR.

In matters of legal framework, the constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan embodies precepts and principles for environmental protection, ownership of natural resources and preservation of cultural heritage. Article 14 of Chapter III (Basic rights and liberties of a person and citizen) entails the state ownership of natural resources in Azerbaijan, without prejudice to rights and interests of any physical persons and legal entities. Article 39 constitutes the rights of everyone to live in a healthy environment, to gain information about true ecological situation and to get compensation for damage done to his/her health and property because of violation of ecological requirements. Article 40 states the rights to practice and participate in culture and protection of historical, cultural, and spiritual inheritance and memorials. In Chapter IV (Main responsibilities of citizens), Article 77 states the responsible for protection of historical and cultural memorials; while Article 78 stipulates the citizen’s responsibility for protection of environment

In addition the legislative framework relating to the environment generally consists of the following:

• Parliamentary legislation that defines and establishes the State regulation of protected natural areas, and the protection and use of the environment and biodiversity

• Presidential Decrees and orders and the Cabinet of Ministers resolutions

• By-laws of the executive authorities (Ministries and Committees)

• International Agreements and Conventions to which Azerbaijan is a signatory

Itemized below is a compilation of legal and regulatory framework related to road rehabilitation and improvement.

Table 1: Relevant Laws and Regulation on Environmental Protection and Road Rehabilitation Reference Description The Law of the Republic of The general framework for all national objectives in the area of Azerbaijan on Environment environmental protection. Protection, 9 February 1999 "Law on Ecological Safety" This law defines legal bases of ecological safety as component (04.08.1999) safety of the state, society and population, the purpose of which is establishment of legal bases for protection of life and health of the person, society, its material and moral values, environment, including atmospheric air, space , water objects, resources of the ground, natural landscape, plants and animals from danger, arising as a result influence natural and anthropogenic action

Article 50: Ecological Requires identification of impact on environment caused by any Expertise activities, examine the results of such impacts and predict possible impacts in accordance with the environmental requirements and

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Reference Description qualitative parameters of environment.

Article 54: Objects of the Defines the types of project which require compulsory "State State Ecological Expertise Ecological Expertise (SEE)', i.e. to undergo the systematic EIA process.

Articles 35, 36, 37, and 38: During the feasibility study, it should be confirmed that the project Ecological Demands during will comply with: Project Design and • the maximum permitted discharges and emissions of pollutants Implementation. in the natural environment • the maximum permitted noise and vibration levels, and other harmful physical influences as well as health norms and standards of hygiene EIA Handbook for Azerbaijan Regulations on EA in Azerbaijan which define the type of projects (UNDP), 1996 requiring EA, the contents of an EA document, the roles and responsibilities of the developer and the competent national authorities, the procedures for public participation and the appeal process. Azeri Law on Automobile Roads : Spells out that any construction or reconstruction of roads requires Section 39: Protection of the official approval of the Azerbaijan State Ecological Expertise, Environment, March 10, 2000. must introduce state of the art technology, and chemicals used must be environmentally benign. The unit of the ministry responsible for road environment must approve the environmental, health and safety norms of the construction. Guidelines for Road Construction, Addresses environmental issues in road design, construction, and Management and Design, maintenance. February 7, 2000 Pa rt I: Planning of Automobile Requires minimizing the impacts on the ecological, geological, Roads hydrogeological, and other natural conditions, by implementing adequate protection measures.

Part II: Construction and Requires consideration of appropriate protection measures, which Reconstruction of Automobile shall contribute to the maintenance of stable ecological and Roads geological conditions as well as natural balance.

Section II.3: Protection of the General overview on the protection of environment. Environment Reg. 514-1Q-98 : Regulation on Requirements for industry and enterprises for implementation of Industrial and Municipal Waste standards and norms of environmental protection for waste when designing, constructing, or reconstructing. SNIP III-4-80: Norms of Detailed regulations on construction worker’s health and safety. Construction Safety Chapters 2 and 5 provide the organizational procedure of construction and work sites and transport sites. Annex 9 contains standards on maximum concentrations of toxic substances in the air of working zones; Annex 11 specifically requires that workers need to be informed and trained about sanitation and health care issues and the specific hazards of their work. SNIP 2.05.02-85 Indicates the general need to minimize adverse environmental Building Code & Regulations for impacts in road design and provides, for instructions on the removal Automobile Roads Ch. 3: and re-use of top soil (no. 3.4); the need to provide buffer between Environmental Protection the road and populated areas and to carry out noise reduction measures to assure compliance with the relevant sanitary norms (no. 3.9); on the dumping of excess materials (no. 3.12); Safety Regulations for Compilation of safety rules related to technical safety requirements Construction, Rehabilitation, and of road construction equipment, rehabilitation of bridge, operation Maintenance of Roads, 1978 and maintenance of asphalt plants, working with toxic substances, working in borrow sites etc.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Reference Description The Law of the Republic of General framework provisions on the requirement to provide healthy Azerbaijan on Sanitary and and safe conditions at workplaces and work camps (and many Epidemiological Safety, 1993 others) in compliance with the relevant sanitary hygiene, Section III: Responsibilities of construction regulations, and norms (particularly items 14, 15 and State Bodies, Agencies, 16). Companies… on the Provision of Sanitary and Epidemiological Safety BCH 8-89 Comprehensive provisions on environmental protection measures in Regulations on Environmental road construction such as use of soils, protection of surface and Protection in Construction, groundwater resources, protection of flora and fauna, use, Rehabilitation and Maintenance preparation and storage of road construction machinery and of Roads materials, servicing of construction machinery; provisional structures, provisional roads, fire protection, borrow pits and material transport, avoidance of dust, protection of soils from pollution, prevention of soil erosion etc. The appendices to these document also state standards for: maximum permitted concentrations of toxic substances; noise control measures; soil pollution through losses of oil and fuel from construction equipment; quality of surface water. Sanitary Norms CH Ambient noise quality standards for residential, commercial and 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96; 1997 industrial areas, hospitals and schools (day/night standards);

As stated in Article 151 (Legal value of international acts) of the Azerbaijan Constitution, agreements in International Conventions supersede national laws in case of conflict. This principle is embodied in Articles 81 and 82, Chapter 14 (International Co-Operation on Environment Protection Issues) of the Law on Environmental Protection. Furthermore Azerbaijan is signatory to most international agreements and conventions relating to the environment, as shown in Table below.

Table 2: International Agreements and Conventions. International Convention Year Ratified UNESCO Convention on Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1994 UN Framework on Climate Change 1995 UN Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Convention) 1996 Agreement on Mutual Cooperation of the Commonwealth of Independent States 1998 in the area of Hydrometeorology Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 1998 Flora (CITES), and Agreement on Protection of Sturgeons UN Convention to Combat Désertification 1998 UN Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Trans-boundary 1999 Context (Espoo Convention) Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1999 (Bern Convention) UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision- 1999 Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) UNESCO Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as 2001 Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary 2000 Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki Convention) UN Convention on Biological Diversity 2000 FAO Convention on Plant Protection 2000 Protocol on UN Framework Convention on Climate (Kyoto Protocol) 2000 Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) 2000 European Agreement about Transportation of Dangerous Goods on 2000

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

International Convention Year Ratified International Routes UN Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous 2001 Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention) UNECE Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution 2002 Source: Scott Wilson Ltd, D112140EAEMP

On July 18, 2001, the Republic of Azerbaijan ratified the treaties of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Waterfowl Habitation which was held in Ramsar city (Iran) and which later became to be known as the Ramsar Convention. The Ramsar Convention was the first of the modern global intergovernmental treaties on the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, and emphasized on the conservation and wise use of wetlands primarily as habitat for waterbirds. Traditionally regarded as wastelands, wetlands were at constant threat due to conversion of use, especially to agriculture. With the Ramsar Convention, the importance of wetlands has been recognized in sustainable development and for conservation of world’s biodiversity. In Azerbaijan wetlands perform vital functions such as flood control, water purification, water regulation, production of fish and etc, making them essential in the biophysical health of the areas. Primarily the signatories to the Ramsar Convention are expected to do the following: (i) specify at least one wetland on a List of Wetlands of International Importance; (ii) encourage the wise use of wetlands; (iii) establish wetland reserves, cooperate in the exchange of information and shared wetlands species.

3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

The following government agencies will be involved in the management and monitoring of environmental aspects or concerns of the proposed road rehabilitation project:

ARS is responsible for planning, constructing, operating, and maintenance of national roads in Azerbaijan. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the ARS will be in charge of project management, among others, to ensure that appropriate budget will be provided for the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring the programme, and that the contract provisions are properly implemented. The Ecology and Safety Sector (ESS) of the ARS shall coordinate the EA study, carry out required public consultations, ensures implementation of the EMP and public disclosure of the EA study. The ESS shall also liase with relevant government offices for securing environmental approvals.

The ESS and the district offices of ARS in Rayons along the project road will undertake day-to- day supervision of construction and oversight of the implementation of environmental management plans during project implementation.

The Regional Monitoring Department of the MENR shall undertake routine and random monitoring of the project to determine compliance with environmental regulations and standards.

The Sanitary and Epidemiology Department of the Ministry of Health (MOH) will undertake routine monitoring of the living conditions and sanitary provisions at the contractor’s work camp and worksites. MOH’s Regional Desinfection Centre shall be involved in approving the contractor’s work camp installations and facilities and their compliance with the relevant sanitary and health norms and guidelines.

During the operational phase of the Project, ARS will undertake routine monitoring of road safety, the storm water drainage system, the condition of tree plantations and revegetation, etc.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 Objective of the Project

In the Azerbaijan Country Partnership Strategy 3 (CPS), the IBRD-World Bank supports the four Pillars of development for Azerbaijan. Pillar II (Supporting sustainable and balanced growth of the non-oil economy) focuses on developing transport and infrastructure, while supporting financial services and private sector investments. Pillar IV (Improving environmental management) specifically puts emphasis on cleaning up legacy pollution, reducing carbon emissions, promoting biodiversity, supporting more sustainable natural resource management in selected areas, and strengthening natural disaster management.

Following the CPS for Azerbaijan, the Project’s main objective is thus, to reduce road transport costs and improve access, transit, and road safety within Azerbaijan's east-west corridors, through the rehabilitation of several road, specifically in this report the Hajigabul-Horadiz (M6) road. For road users, the Project would lead to better road quality meeting mid-term traffic projections, better safety standards, lower travel costs, and shortened travel time within the same alignment.

4.2 Proposed Rehabilitation Scheme

All of the proposed works will be accommodated within the existing Right of Way (ROW), which extends up to 30m on either side of the centerline of the existing road (i.e. 60 m wide in total).

The proposed rehabilitation works will have the following features:

• Reconstruction of the existing two lane road including pavement strengthening;

• Spot realignments at certain locations which pose certain risks, jeopardize traffic safety and do not conform to prevailing standards;

• Maximum total width of the road to be constructed is 15m total (18.5m with climbing lane whenever necessary);

• Lane width is 7.5m (2 x 3.75m + 3.5m for climbing lane, whenever necessary);

• Maximum shoulder width is 3.75m (3.75m x 2), 0.75m x 2 paved with asphalt concrete, 3.0m (3.0m x 2) single bituminous surface treatment;

• Cross-fall on the carriageway is 2% and on the shoulders is 4%;

• Design speeds of 100 km/h for flat and undulated terrain, 80 km/h for hilly terrain, 30-60 km/h for mountainuous areas, and 50 km/h for the urban areas;

• Intersections/interchanges with other roads designed to international standards;

• Reconstruction or rehabilitation of bridges, replacement of damaged culverts and installation of additional ones; and

3 Report Number: 37812 – AZ, IBRD/IDA/IFC, Country Partnership Strategy (FY07-10) for Republic of Azerbaijan, November 8, 2006 19

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

• Traffic safety features such as illumination, pedestrian crossing, road signs, road marking, livestock crossing, and road furniture, including appropriate road safety barriers (guardrails). [Reduction of vehicular speed prior to settlements and schools should be considered in the design using necessary measures such as rumble bars and speed limit signs].

The rehabilitation scheme is shown in the Figure below.

Figure 2: Rehabilitation Scheme for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)

During the initial field assessment, there were fourteen (14) bridges that were noted along the entire stretch from Hajigabul to Horadiz. These bridges will still have to be assessed by the bridge engineers to determine the most appropriate improvement scheme, whether repair or reconstruction.

The rehabilitation works will entail certain earthworks particularly in the modification of grades and widening of the road width. However, as a guideline, earthworks will be minimized in order to keep the environmental impact to a minimum. The amount of cut is around 1,257,000 m 3 while the fill will be around 590,000 m 3, with around 667,000 m 3 to be obtained from other burrow pits in the area.

4.3 Potential Borrow Areas

At the eastern part of the road, a number of potential sites can be possible sources of road materials which are in the vicinity of Alat. These are located in Atbulag, Bina, and Kalmas. These three (3) sites can be good sourses of gravel, sand, and clay materials.

At the middle part near Bharamtapa, previous report (Study on the Prospective Construction Materials Sources and Better Regulation of River Extraction – IBRD Loan 7356AZ) indicates that three (3) major sources are available namely the Dashburun, Bahramtapa, and Imishli deposits. These sources consist of older and recent gravel doposits, which were deposited in lateral river terraces, compound alluvial fans, and plains of the Aras River and its tributaries that erode and drain the lower Caucasus. The materials in these areas are predominantly gravel assembles of igneous, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks with subordinate sedimentary rocks. The estimated volume of materiasl is around 70 million m 3 and replenishable by the rivers during the high flows.

Based on the estimate from the engineering designs, the total volume of required gravel is around 0.973 million m 3). Hence comparing it with the available materials from sources of materials above (70 million m 3), the supply of materials for the project road will be sufficient. If the Civil Work Contractor decides to obtain his materials from these sources, the required approval and permit will have to be obtained from the appropriate agency, i.e. MENR, and

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

compliance to the conditions for minimization and mitigation of adverse impacts will be duly monitored as part of the EMP protocol.

4.4 Traffic Forecast

The traffic study conducted for the 175 km section of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) shows that the average annual daily traffic (AADT) in 2007 was estimated at 3,615, using weigted average of all the traffic counts obtained in the designated stations along the project road. By the same method, by the year 2030, the design year, the estimated average annual daily traffic (AADT) would be 11,131 vehicles. The detailed computation and analysis can be found in a separate traffic study report prepared for the project road.

4.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

The Project is scheduled to commence in the second quarter of 2011 and is expected to take at least 3 years to construct, until its completion in mid to late 2014.

4.6 Life Span of the Proposed Project

The proposed project is designed for a life span of 20 years provided that routine and periodic maintenance is carried out.

5 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA

5.1 Physical Environment

5.1.1 Geology, Topography and Soils

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) runs generally southwesterly from the flat plains in Hajigabul and Shirvan area through Bharamtapa to Horadiz, known as the Kura-Araz Lowland of Azerbaijan. This geneal area is situated between the Greater Caucasus in the north and the Lesser Caucasus and Talish Mountains in the south. The M6 corridor stretches on the Mil plain, restricted by Kura River on the north-east, by the foothills of Lesser Caucasus on the west and Iranian border on the south belonging to the Kura-Araz geographical district.

The elevation of the project area ranges from -18 m to 240 m with the lowest part located around Hajigabul, while the highest part is near Horadiz town. The landscape in the study corridor is predominantly flat and covered with young sediments of holocene, and quaternary age, and which consist primarily terrestrial and marine clays, sand and gravel deposits

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

The geologic map of the project area is shown in the Figure below.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Figure 3: Geology for Hajibabul-Horadiz Road

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Secondary data show that there are two major soil types occuring along the project road corridor. These are mostly sierozem (meadow gray soil) and meadow soils.

The Sierozem (meadow gray) type of can be found in the first part of the road alignment from Hajigabul to Bharamtepe. This soil dominates the area of the Kura-Araz lowlands, typically occuring in areas of dry climate, up to 150m elevation, and having a precipitation of around 200 mm. This soil has a moisture content of 0-10-0.15 and a humus coefficient of 1-2% occurring down to a depth of 5-50 cm. Sierozem soils are also characterized with a bio-climate potential coefficient of 0.8-1.8, a ph of 8.4-8.9; and a water stability structure of 26. Its granulometric composition is as follows: loamy – 0.78; heavy-loam – 0.60; medium-loamy – 1.0; light-loamy – 0.73 and without loamy sand. Meadow gray soils have very low erodibility (about 1.0 km/km 2. Since this soil is semi-dry, dry steppe, and light loamy kind. It is suitable for winter pastures and for cultivation with cereals and cotton as the main crops suitable for this type of soil.

The other half of the road alignment is made up of meadow soils which is characterized by the lowland semi-dry arid steppe, with light loamy structure, medium degree of salinity, are not succeptible to erosion, and have low bio-climate potential. These soils are suitable for winter pastures and for cotton cultivation. These soils are calcareous, predominantly clayey and dense and in many cases are also saline, akin to sulphate salinization.

The soil map for the study area is shown below

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Muganli to Yevlakh, M4) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Figure 4: Project location for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

5.1.2 Climate

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) corridor runs through areas where the climate varies from dry subtropical climate of semi-deserts with moderate warm winters and dry, hot summers. The average temperature in this area is 14-14.5 o C and the precipitation level is up to 360 mm; isotherm is 1 0C in January and 28 0C in July and where the maximum temperature reaches to 41-42 0C registering between July to August; the minimum temperature goes down to about -18 to -21 0C in January. These areas have a more or less even rainfall throughout the year with the least occurring in August (<25mm) and the greatest in March-May (about 40 mm). The wind direction around this corridor blows northwest at the initial part in wintertime and southwest around Bahramtepe. Summer winds blow in the southwest direction in the northern part of the corridor and east at the southern part.

5.1.3 Air Quality and Noise

Noise and air quality issues along the Hajigabul-Horadiz (M6) Road are considerably minor as they exist in a few isolated areas. Noise can be expected in the major urban centers of Hajigabul-Horadiz. Since the area is largely agriculural, air quality and noise problems are not considered critical. No other major industrial plant or factory was found along the road that contributes to air quality problem along the project corridor.

5.1.4 Water Resources

There are four (4) major rivers traversing the Hajigabul-Horadiz corridor generally flowing from west to east originating from the Lesser Caucasus. These rivers are Guruchay, Kondelenchay, Arazchay, and Kurchay. The Table below is a compilation of published hydrologic information on these rivers. In addition, study area is criss-crossed by numerous irrigation canals and collectors, with the major ones comprising of the Yukhari Garabah and Bash Mugan canals and Bash Shirvan collector.

Table 3: Hydrologic Information for the Major Rivers in Hajibabul-Horadiz (M6) Hydrologic Parameters

Source, %

Name of 3 No.

Rivers m 6 mm Total Total 10 Annual Annual area, km catchment catchment Depth, mm Depth, catchemnt, catchemnt, Flow' volume, Flow' volume, precipitationat precipitationat Snow Snow Rain Under- ground 1 Guruchay 512 523 49.5 97 18 47 35 2 Kondelenchay 536 540 49.5 92 12 59 29 3 Arazchay 102,000 475 4 Kurchay 188,042 663

Of the major rivers in the study area, river Kurchay is the one has the largest catchment area and receives the highest rainfall.

There are two lakes located quite close to the study corridor – the Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes. Hajigabul Lake had been formed originally by water of the Caspian Sea, which was de-salinized

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

by the mixing of fresh water from Kura River. The Sarisu Lake was originally fed by the flow of Kura River. In addition, the drainage canals regularly supply water to Sarisu Lake by pump system. The hydrologic information of the lakes is shown in the Table below:

Table 4: Hydrologic Information for the Major Lakes in Hajibabul-Horadiz (M6) Lake River' basin Surface Elevation, Maximal Water volume, area, km2 m depth, m mln. m3 Sarisu Kura 67.0 -12 3.5 59.1 Hajigabul Kura 8.40 -19.6 2.0 12.1

5.1.5 Natural Hazards

The western part of the study corridor is part of the Talish-Kura seismic group with quite high siesmic activity as evidenced by the many earthquakes with maximum intensity reaching 6-7 on the Richter scale registered in the areas in Sabirabad (1869) and Ali-Bayramli (1959, 1964, 1965, 1976 etc.). These epicenters are probably connected with meridional faults that bound the Talish from the east and covered by Kura alluviums at the north.

The middle part of the study corridor is affected by earthquakes whose epicenters are located in Northern Iran. The magnitude of the quakes in that part of Iran could reach up to 8 Richter scale (1863, 1924).

Flooding also occurred in certain areas of the M6 Road. Heavy rains which occurred in previous years resulted to high flows in Kura River and Araz River such that areas in Sabirabad and Shirvan were flooded. Flooding can affect the project road and needs to be considered in the design stage.

5.2 Biological Environment

5.2.1 Fauna

Along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) the fauna biodiversity is not particularly high as the corridor is quite built-up and with settlements with intensive agriculture as the predominant landuse, such that wildlife tends to avoid the place. While some threatened animal species (of both national and international importance) have their natural habitat in the wider parts of the region, such as the Aggyol National Park and three internationally important sites (Important Bird Areas – IBA) – Mugan Steppe, Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes. These areas are not expected to be affected by the Project as the road rehabilitation project will be confined only within the existing 60m ROW.

The following commentaries on the fauna of the region are mainly based on the Red Data Book of Azerbaijan, IUCN Red Data List, and publications of BirdLife International. The superscript ‘a’ after a scientific name indicates species listed in the Red Book of Azerbaijan; ‘b’ indicates IUCN species (World Red Data Book) and ‘c’ indicates species included in both the national and international Red Data Books.

Within the project area, the common mammals and considered as resident species of this area are the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) and Wolf (Canis lupus) , that prey on sheep, and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) . The other common mammals include the Eared Hedgehog ( Hemiehinus

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

auritus ), bat ( Pipistrellus kuhlii, Barbastella barbastella b), hare ( Lepus europaeus ), and rodents (Mus muscus , Meriones erythrourus, M. vinogradovi , and Microfus socialis ). The African Wildcat (Felis libyca) , and marbled polecart ( Vomela peregusna ) are quite rare in the area. One of the most typical mammals inhabiting the water canals is the American Nutria.

The avifauna is characterized by the presence of the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus ) as resident species; Rock Dove ( Columba livia ), Turtle Dove ( Streptopelia turtur ), Little Owl (Athene noctua ), Hoopoe ( Upupa epops ), Crested Lark ( Galerida cristata ) and Isabelline Wheatear ( Oenanthe isabellina ). During summertime, breeding species also inhabit the area such as the Lesser Kestrel ( Falco naumanni b), European ( Merops apiaster ) and Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eaters ( Merops superciliosus ), Black-bellied Sandgrouse ( Pterocles orientalis a), Rufous Bushchat ( Cercotrichas galactotes ), Penduline Tit ( Remiz pendulinus), Red-Backed (Lanius collurio) and Lesser Grey Shrikes (Lanius minor), Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and many others. The Spanish Sparrow ( Passer hispaniolensis ) is a typical breeding species in this area which uses the White Stock nests and form big colonies inside the lower part of nest among twigs. Birds such as the Little White Egret ( Egretta garzetta ) and Cattle Egrets ( Bubulcus ibis ) are also reported to be present on the study area during breeding season, but these species have their core habitats and breeding sites in different areas. The Little Bustard ( Tetrax tetrax c) is the only bird species that form a significant concentration in the area in wintertime. Flocks of these birds are usually found in large concentration in fields foraging for food. This species was reported to have an especially high concentration in areas adjacent to the Aggyol NP (south of Agjabedi town).

Reptiles that were found to commonly inhabit the area consist of the venomous Blunt Nosed Viper (Vipera lebetina ), which are active during the warm seasons of the year, with peak acitivity observed in May . Othe reptiles found in this area are lizards such as the Caspian Gecko ( Cyrtopodion caspius ), Grozny Lacerta (Lacerta stingata), European Glass Lizard (Pseudopodus apodus ), the Greek Tortoise (Testudo graeca c), and the Caspian ( Mauremys caspica). The European Pond ( Emys orbicularis ) is among the numerous inhabitants of natural and artificial streams, ponds, and marshes that abound in the area.

The characteristic amphibian species that can be found in this area are the Green Toad ( Bufo viridis ), the Tree Frog ( Hyla savigni ) and the Common Frog ( Rana ridibunda ), which are found in the vicinity of canals, marshes and ponds.

The most common fish species that can be found here are mainly Elox lucius, Rutilus, Alburnus charusini, Scardinius erytrophthalmus, Barbus cyri, B. capito, Cobitis caspia etc., which inhabit the rivers and channels of this region. In the relatively small channels the local population is reported to do some fishing. However this is mainly for sports and not for livelihood.

5.2.2 Flora

The study corridor runs in a typical semi-desert area where typical species are saltwort ( Salsola sp.) , Salicornia europaea , and various species of wormwood ( Artemisia sp .). The predominance of Tamarix ramosissima or Poa bulbosa indicates that the area is drier. Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspia are thriving especially in saline soils. Numerous agricultural fields had already replaced natural vegetation in most places along the project road. The original semi-desert areas are also under strong pressure of overgrazing in wintertime.

The area is generally criss-crossed by network of irrigation channels where there is abundance of reeds ( Phragmites communis, Typha sp., Scirpus acutus ) as demarcation of courses of channnels and fringes of some shallow artificial ponds.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Alongside the road narrow strips of trees and shrubs occur mainly within the territories of villages. Most of them are artificially planted but some trees may also have been natural. The species planted consist of Quince, Apple, Pear, Fig, Mulberry, Pomegranate, and others. The naturally occuring flora in the project are Elm ( Caragana arborescens ), Loester ( Salix sp. ), Tamarisk ( Tamarix ramosissima ), Willow ( Salix alba ) and other trees ( Eleagnus caspica, Morus sp., Populus alba, Quercus longipes, Acacia sp., etc.). Blackberry bushes are among those that are preferred by local population for food and as green hedges.

5.2.3 Protected Areas and Other Ecologically Significant Sites

Within the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) project road, there is only one (1) officially proclaimed protected area, and this is the Aggyol National Park. In addition, there are three (3) internationally important sites (Important Bird Areas – IBA) – Mugan Steppe, Sarisu and Hajigabul Lakes, but do not have local protection status.

The Aggyol NP is located at Mil plain, southeast from Agjabedi town. Its total area is 17,924 ha, which includes a big shallow lake (artificially created and holding by water from Bash Mil- Garabakh collector) and surrounded by semi-desert covered by dense original ephemeral vegetation. The Aggyol NP is a Ramsar Site and listed as Important Bird Area; hence accordingly an internationally protected area. The Aggyol NP had been established for the conservation of internationally important wintering and breeding birds. Many species from Azerbaijan Red Data Book and IUCN list migrate to this area in different seasons of the year. This area is located far away from the project road to be affected.

The Mugan Steppe (IBA 44) is quite a large site with total area of 100,000 ha. This is a semi- desert plain, traversed by numerous irrigation channels, with pasturelands and some agricultural fields. The area is frequented by unique huge flocks of wintering Little Bustard, which is IUCN listed. In addition, a number of rare bird species can also be observed in Mugan Steppe such as the Great Bustard, Black Francolin, Demoiselle Crane, etc. This area is too far to be affected by the project.

The Sarisu Lake (IBA 32) is one of most important sites for waterfowl in the country. It was said that prior to the lowering of its water level, huge number of rare birds had been wintering in the area. In summertime huge colonies of cormorants, egrets and ibises can be observed. Such rare species as Pygmy Cormorant, Dalmatian Pelican, Marbled Teal, Ferruginous Duck, Osprey, Purple Swamphen, White-tailed Lapwing, etc., can be observed in various seasons of the year. This area is located around 20 km from the project road, far enough to be affected by the road rehabilitation project.

The Hajigabul Lake (IBA 41) does not have large area, but this is one of most important sites for conservation of winter habitat of such rare species as White-headed Duck. In winter, the population of this endangered IUCN listed bird in Hajigabul Lake can exceed 10% of the world population for this species. Likewise, this lake and the adjacent fish-ponds are also important habitats for many other rare species. This lake is buffered by trees and is outside of the 60m ROW will not be affected directly by the road rehabilitation project.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

5.3 Human and Economic Resources Environment

5.3.1 Population

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) traverses six (6) Administrative Districts with forty six (46) villages along its considered impact path of within 3 kms both sides of the road. The first five (Hajigabul, Sabirabad, Saatly, Imishly, and Beylagan) belong to Aran Economic Region while the last one (Fuzuli) belongs to Yukhari Karabakh Economic Region. Sabirabad has the most village travesed while Hajigabul has the least. The total popolation for the six (6) Districts as of 2006 is 584,375 in which Sabirabad makes up the most at 24.5%. The total land area for the six districts is around 7,541.3km 2, the major part of which is contributed by Imishly District at almost 23%. This information is presented in the Table below:

Table 5: Administrative Hierarchy and Population along Hajigabul-Horadiz Road District Total Land No of No of # Villages or Total Area (Km 2) Villages Settlements Settlements Population Traversed (2006) Hajigabul 1,641.4 25 5 1 59,000 Sabirabad 1,469.4 74 0 11 143,135 Saatly 1,180.4 43 0 9 87,053 Imishly 1,751.0 48 2 6 108,200 Beylagan 113.1 25 16 10 81,700 Fizuli 1,386.0 78 1 9 105,287 Total 7,541.3 293 24 46 584,375 Source: State Statistics Office, Azerbaijan

5.3.2 Community Infrastructure

In terms of household utilities, very little was done pertaining to the maintenance of such utilities for the Aran and Yukhari-Karabakh Economic Regions since the Soviet times. Electricity is generally available in the regions but wiith the households feeling somewhat constrained due to the current high cost. Gas supply seemed to have greater percentile coverage in Aran than in Yukhari-Karabakh. Piped water needs improvement with more than 40% of the household in need of such service in Aran and 60% in Yukhari-Karabakh. There is high percentage of existence of household sanitation (bathroom and sewerage) correspondingly indicating high consciousness of people in terms of sanitation; with some deficiency in Yukhari-Karabakh on the existence of bathroom (25.5%). Another aspect that needs improvement seemed to be the heating system, and this is understandable since individual households take care of their own heating requirements. Communication via telephone is available but also needs improvement. Comparatively, Aran has more improved utilities than that of Yukhari-Karabakh. The Table below presents these data.

Table 6: Percent of Households with Access to Utilities (%) in the Project Economic Regions Economic Region Indicators Aran Yukhari-Karabakh Total Households 380,543 134,893 Electricity 100 100 Gas 39 14.6

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Economic Region Indicators Aran Yukhari-Karabakh Heating System 9.5 0 Piped Water 59.8 40.2 Bathroom 51.4 25.5 Sewerage 86.8 65.3 Telephone 44.9 14.5 Source: 2006 National Census, SSC 2007 (Kocks GmbH. Poverty and Social Assessment Report)

In terms of medical and educational facilities, there is a general lack of such infrastructure in the two economic regions, with buildings and equipment requiring rehabilitation, and the insufficiency of supplies along with the issues of underpaid and under-trained staff. In 2006, out of the 726 hospitals, 187 are found in Aran region while 42 are situated in Yukhari-Karabakh region. Even though the levels of school enrollment are somewhal maintained, there is a general concern on the quality of education due to dwindling funds for books and maintenance of libraries for educational purposes.

5.3.3 Land Use and Sources of Income

The largest area of agricultural lands is found in Imishly, but the greatest percentage to district land is in Saatly. The total percentage of Agricultural lands for the four districts is more than half at 62.6%, with due reference to flat terrain in which agriculture is relatively easy. These data are summarized below.

Table 7: Agricultural Lands in the Study Region Districts Total Land Area (km 2) Under Agriculture (km 2) % to District Lands Hajigabul 1,641.40 1,149.00 70.0% Sabirabad 1,469.40 562.40 38.3% Saatly 1,180.40 971.40 82.3% Imishly 1,751.00 1,140.00 65.1% Beylagan 113.10 46.10 40.8% Fizuli 1,386.00 850.00 61.3% Total 7,541.30 4,718.90 62.6% Source: 2006 National Census, SSC 2007 (Kocks GmbH. Poverty and Social Assessment Report)

The Yukhari-Karabakh Economic Region is among the major sources of cattle, sheep, goats and poultry products for the country. In Hajigabul the main source of revenue is from agriculture, with cereals like wheat, barley and corn as well as fruits and vegetables as the major produce. Similarly, Sabirabad’s economy is based on agriculture with cereals, various types of root crops, livestock, and poultry as the major products, along with highly developed animal breeding. Saatly’s products are cereals, cotton, and vegetables and contribute substantially to the regions agricultural productivity. Livestock and poultry production as well as animal are substantial in the district.

On the other hand Imishly is an agro-industrial district, with good support from improved network of irrigation system and agro-processing. Beylagan has relatively small land area with over 40% of it devoted to agriculture where the main crops are cereals, root crops, and vegetables. Livestock and poultry production also contributes substantially to the local economy. Finally, Fizuli which has one of the largest land areas in the study area is largely agricultural. However due to the displacement of local population on account of the territorial

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

conflict, large areas of fertile lands were abandoned. Consequently, only 20% of the productive areas are actually being utilized for agriculture.

With respect to income in the study regions of Aran and Yukhari-Karabakh, the average monthly income is AZN70 and AZN63.8 respectively, while the national figure is at AZN72. This shows that although Aran’s income does not vary much from the rest of the country, Yukhari- Karabakh’s income is somewhat low. Baku has a per capita monthly income of AZN89.7.

In the study regions, the primary source of income is agriculture in Aran, while employment in Yukhari-Karabakh. This indicates that the people of Yukhari-Karabakh have a greater preference towards non-agricultural activities as sources of income. The breakdown of montly income is shown in the Table below:

Table 6: Monthly Income Profile of Aran and Daghlig-Shirvan Economic Regions Monthly Income per Capita (AZN) Income Sources Aran Yukhari-Karabakh AZN Share % Share AZN Share % Share Total Income 70.0 100 63.8 100 Income from self employment 15.6 22.3 13.7 21.4 Income from agriculture 18.4 26.4 5.7 9.0 Income from Employment 17.2 24.6 17.4 27.2 Income from rent 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.2 Income from property 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 Current transfers received 8.5 12.2 18.5 29 Pensions 6.9 9.9 9.1 14.3 Benefits and social contributions 0.9 1.3 5.1 8.1 Social Transfers in kind 0.7 1.0 4.2 6.6 Other income 9.2 13.2 8.4 13.1 Income from other households 7.6 10.8 7.7 12.1 Money received from abroad 1.6 2.3 0.7 1.0 Source: Household Budget Survey, SSC 2006

5.3.4 Socio-Cultural Resources

There are very limited socio-cultural resources which can be found along the M6 alignment. The major ones are the 46 villages and settlements, which are directly traversed by the project road (M6). The existing by-passing alignment barely passes through the big settlements in the district centers or cities where the concentration of the population is found. Social amenities such as schools, clinics, village markets, or commercial zones are found within these areas. Although some of these economic activity areas are along the current road alignment, they are well outside the impact corridor and the effect will only be felt during the actual construction phase of the project.

Along the entire project alignment, there were six (6) schools, six (6) cemeteries, three (3) monuments noted down during the field assessemnt. An Olympic center was also found within the Saatli. During construction it is important that these areas be shielded from any physical disturbances.

A map of the major environmental and some social features is shown below.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Figure 5: Map of Environmental and Some Social Features for Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6)

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The proposed rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) had been classified as a Category B project based on the World Bank’s Operational Policy 4.01. Accordingly, it is anticipated that the impacts on human population or environmentally important areas are less adverse, site specific, with very minimal irreversible impact and that the measures redesigned more readily than Category A projects. Most of the impacts are directly related to the construction period of the project road.

To minimize any adverse impact, it was decided that the alignment of the proposed rehabilitation would coincide with the existing alignment subject to the engineering guidelines and criteria in the design.

All affected lands will be inventoried and be subjected to appropriate compensatory procedure. However, with the decision not to vary the alignment, no relocation and resettlement issues are anticipated. Should such be encountered in the future, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) shall be produced by the detailed engineering consultant to mitigate any unfavorable impact.

The primary disturbance along the road corridor will entail generally earthworks such as cut and fill activities on the existing road, hillside cut for slope stability, roadside embankment stabilization, pavement, and bridge construction and drainage works installation. Minor work will entail installation of guard rails and other necessary road furniture. It is expected that noise level and dust particulate concentrations in the air will be elevated. There would generally be safety concerns for people and animals during the construction and operation of the road, which need to be mitigated by raising the awareness of the local population and motorist on road safety.

6.1 Construction Impacts and Mitigation

Construction impacts are generally regarded spatially as direct or indirect, which are rather short-term as they are felt and manifested during the actual rehabilitation activities for the project road. Among these impacts are those that pertain to the modification of the physical land features to give way to the rehabilitation (earthworks, slope stabilization, construction of bridges and drainage, and quarries and borrow pits), and the rest would be disturbances and effects to the natural environment components such as air and noise, flora and fauna, and water. Social impacts on the construction phase include socio-economic conflicts, including health and safety. Likewise, included are those temporary facilities used for activities that result to short-term impacts such as quarry sites and borrow pits, excess soil disposal sites, contractor’s workers camps, and asphalt plants. It is expected that impacts from these types of activities will cease once the contractor completes the project road and demobilizes from the site.

6.1.1 Roadway Earthworks

Along the project road certain volume of soil materials will have to be cut and filled at various locations in order to come up with acceptable gradient which conforms to established standards for safety. Roadway cuts shall entail excavation, removal and reusing, when proved to be suitable, for embankment/filling work. Unsuitable soil materials shall be disposed in areas where it would be proved to be non-detrimental to adjacent community and the environment. The work scope also includes all excavation necessary for side ditches, cut-off ditches on top of cut slopes, turn outs, and inlet, and outlet ditches for structures.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Roadway fill will entail obtaining suitable materials conforming to specifications, hauling to the site and compaction to specified requirements. The main objective of roadway fill is to raise the elevation of the alignment to conform to specifications and to provide necessary stable side slope requirements.

Prior to commencement of site activities related to earthworks, the contractor shall formulate a soil management plan for submittal to the Ecology and Safety Sector (ESS) and the construction supervision engineer. The said plan shall include measures to minimize the effects of wind and water erosion on stockpiles and in excavated areas, minimize loss of fertility of top soil, schedule of individual activities, haul routes, and disposal sites. The management of the stockpiles should be emphasized so as to prevent localized erosion, siltation along waterways, relic lakes, and drainage lines in the area. Care should be exercised to prevent natural vegetation and soil fertility from being affected by stockpiles. In addition, provisions for dust control of stockpiles, and access routes should be included such as spraying water and providing grass covers.

The contractor shall consult with local authorities and individual landowners on the selection of disposal site. In addition, the contractor shall, as much as possible, confine utilization of heavy equipment within the road right of way (ROW) in order to minimize environmental and social impacts,and later on to maintain on the rehabilitated lands affected by access routes to disposal sites.

The hillside cut areas should be stabilized by prescribing the necessary slope and benching in accordance with standards.

The contractor should endeavor to confine operation of heavy equipment within the 60 meter ROW, as much as possible, to avoid soil compaction and damage to privately owned land. If in case private lands are disturbed, the contractor should promptly inform the owner and agree on the ways to remedy the situation.

6.1.2 Slope Stabilization

There is no critical area along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) along the project road since the road runs through relatively flat areas and valleys. However, slope protection may be needed at approaches of bridges and protection dikes of canals crossing the road.

Any cut area will be bare and exposed to weathering, which in time will erode, loose stability and may result to landslide. This will be damaging to the road and compromise the safety of the motorists. Slope stabilization measures should be designed and constructed along these critical slopes to prevent probable erosion and landslide. Structural measures will have to be constructed especially at the toes of these hillsides in combination with vegetative measures at the upper portion. Drainage water should be intercepted effectively in order to discharge waterflow safely towards stable areas of the mountain. The structural measures may entail construction of concrete retaining walls, gabion walls, riprap revetments, and shotcrete cladding.

Vegetative protection and covers should consist of native species of shrubs and grasses which will have capabilities to hold earth and capable of surviving the environmental conditions of the area. Care of the vegetation should be done by the Road Maintenance Department of the Azer Road Service (ARS).

To generally stabilize the region, reforestation should be underataken in the state and/or municipal lands, especially in the mountainous areas along M6. This activity will be under the 35

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

responsibility of the Contractor and the ARS under the supervision of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR). Tree species shall be decided with MENR and shall be undertaken by the Contractor of the project. The following tree species are recommended to be planted in the possible reforestation areas along the project road: Fig, Mulberry, Elm, Loester, Tamarisk, Willow, and Blackberry.

All fill embankments along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) should be properly engineered and compacted to stabililize the slope. Areas near water bodies such as lakes and ponds should have adequate structural measures such as geo-mattress, riprap revetments, etc., in order to prevent erosion and collapse of embankments. It will be advisable also to undertake revegetation in areas along the slopes where plants or grasses can survive.

6.1.3 Bridge, Culvert and Roundabout Construction/Rehabilitation

Along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), there are around fourteen (14) bridges which will be assessed during the design phase. A number of other box culverts and numerous pipe culverts will also be upgraded, most of which convey water from the Yukhari-Garabagh Canal. Biodiversity crossing consisting of 1.25-2.0m pipe culverts will also be provided in areas where no pipe culverts are present within a gap of at least 5kilometers. In the absence of final drainage plans, the exact numbers have not yet been determined, however, an estimate of 10 biodiversity crossings is envisioned for this purpose.

Should there be bridges that will have new alignment at the bridge points, it is envisioned that new embankment may have to be constructed. This would mean that the old embankment will be abandoned when the new embankment will be constructed. The contractor may opt to use materials from the old embankment with extra care so as not to result in spilling too much silt into the river and affect water quality. Embankments should be engineered properly and stabilized by both structural measures and appropriate grass and vegetative covers. The old parts of the bridge should be demolished for purposes of removing eyesore in the landscape aas well as for general safety of all concerned.

The bridges which will be replaced at the same spots will undergo normal demolition and reconstruction or upgrading procedure with due regard to safety and maintenance of environmental integrity of the surroundings. The contractor must see to it that appropriate measures will be done to prevent any disruption of transport and water service. In the demolition of the existing bridge, care will be exercised to prevent block debris from falling into the railway lines as well as the canal. It is advisable that the contractor undertake saw cutting of the components and hoisted away by cranes. Adequate shelter cover will be provided underneath the bridge to prevent any materials from dropping into the railway lines and canal. Road access to the cluster of residential areas will be provided as close as possible to their areas of acitivity in order to maintain their socio-economic connectivity. Dust and noise nuisances will be minimized during construction. Protective barriers and fencing should be provided to prevent animals and unauthorized people from loitering within the project site and ensure safety of all concerned.

For bridges that will be located close to populated areas, necessary protective measures will be put into place to minimize impacts of construction to surrounding houses and commercial establishments. The traffic through M6, including certain existing local traffic, should not be impeded with the construction or upgrading of these bridges. Noise and dust nuisance will be minimized at all times for the welfare of the local population.

To assure minimal impacts and to safeguard the communities’ welfare the contractor shall prepare and submit his methodology for bridge construction which shall be reviewed by the

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Ecology and Safety Sector as well as the construction supervision engineer for adequacy measures.

Construction at or near bodies of water such as streams, rivers and lakes will be done as much as possible during dry seasons where the disturbance to water quality will be negligible. To assure minimal impacts, the contractor should do the following:

• Install cofferdams, silt fence, sediment barriers, or other appropriate devices to prevent migration of silt during excavation and boring operation within rivers, streams, or lakes.

• Dewatering and cleaning of cofferdams will be performed to prevent siltation, by pumping from cofferdams to a settling basin or a containment unit.

• Discharge of sediment-laden construction water (e.g., from areas containing dredged spoil) directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden.

• Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge.

The roundabouts which will be rehabilitated along the project road will be regarded as normal road construction works.

6.1.4 Air and Noise Pollution

During construction phase, it is expected that air quality will undergo some moderate and temporary deterioration. Generally, dust from construction traffic and elevated levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulphur oxide (SOx) from construction equipment exhaust will be the primary pollutants. The dust will settle on vegetation, crops, structures and buildings, and may cause some degree of respiratory stress to nearby residents. These impacts will be mitigated by continuously spraying of water on the road construction site and in other areas where dust will have to be controlled. The exhaust fumes from trucks and heavy equipment should meet emission standards. With regards to other impacts, it is important that the contractor and the local officials would be able to work together to control potential problems and minimize complaints from the local population. Among the available measures to reduce air pollution and emission levels are the following:

(i) maintenance of construction equipment to good running condition and avoidance, as much as possible, of idling of engines which can contribute to exhaust emmission;

(ii) banning of the use of machinery or equipment that cause excessive pollution (e.g., visible smoke) on account of their age and fuel consumption levels;

(iii) establishment of aggregate, asphalt, and concrete plants as far away as possible (minimum 500 m) from human settlements and operation of such facilities within the terms of Government pollution control guidelines;

(iv) submission of a dust suppression program which provides detailed action to be taken to minimize dust generation and equipment to be used to ESS, PIU and CSC prior to construction;

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

(v) Bypass roads may be located at considerable distance from residential areas to minimize air quality impacts, among others;

During the road rehabilitation phase, heavy machinery will be used, and although these activities may be intermittent and localized, they nevertheless contribute tremendous amounts of sustained noise during equipment operation. In Azerbaijan noise standards were based on the former Soviet Union standards as shown in the Table below:

Table 8: Maximum Allowable Noise Levels Maximum allowable noise levels, dBA Description of Area 23 pm to 7 am to 23 7 am pm

45 60 Residential area of settlements 55 65 Industrial areas 35 50 Places of public amusement and tourism areas 30 40 Sanitary areas and resorts 45 50 Agricultural areas up to 30 up to 35 Strictly protected areas Note: Project designer may establish stricter maximum allowable noise standards in case of correspondent justification Source: TERA International Group on the Environmental Review Framework and Impact Assessment Report. ADB TA 4684-Aze-Phase 2: Preparing the Southern Road Corridor Improvement Project.

A number of mitigating measures to minimize impacts of excessive noise and vibration can be done by the contractor during the conduct of his work as follows:

(i) Work will be restricted to between 0600 to 2100 hours within 500m of the settlements.

(ii) A limit of 70 dBA will be set in the vicinity of the construction site and strictly followed;

(iii) Machinery to be used for the construction should be equipped with mufflers to minimize the generation of noise;

(iv) Whenever possible the local population should be advised of occurrence of elevated noise levels to enable them to take the necessary preparatory measures.

The following tree species are recommended to be planted along the project road as noise and air pollution buffers: Fig, Mulberry, Elm, Loester, Tamarisk, Willow, and Blackberry.

6.1.5 Impacts on Flora and Fauna

For the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), the impacts to vegetation and wildlife are not expected to be significant and sizeable since the rehabilitation work will be confined within the 60 m ROW, with the major construction work occuring within the 20-25 meters of the road. The small variance on the alignment will not introduce any significant effect to the general environment.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

With regards to road safety, there should not be any physical barrrier along the road as they pose risk to motorists. Trees that are too near the road pose this type of risk. It is advisable that the trees should not be too near the carriage way and as much possible be outside the shoulders of the project road. Trees that are within the shoulder should be removed and transplanted or replaced with approved species to an appropriate location to be designated by the MENRO. During the field assessments, there are only very few trees tree was found alongside the existing alignment which may be of concern during the rehabilitation considering that the extent of the construction work will be 15m (2x3.75m pavement and 2x3.75m shoulder).

Should there be trees which will be affected by the road rehabilitation project, these trees will be carefully inventoried and will be considered in the overall road design. The design engineers will endeavor to save the trees along the rehabilitation width through certain modifications of design parameters with due regard to safety.

Prior to cutting of any tree, the Construction Supervision Consultant (the Engineer) and the Contractor shall carry out a joint survey to establish whether it would be possible to locally realign the road or provide protection structures to maintain such trees and shrubs/bushes, without compromising road safety. In addition, all necessary permits should be obtained by the contractor and that replacement planting of MENR approved species should be done prior to cutting of any affected trees. In the interest of the environment every effort shall be made to retain existing trees or ground cover/vegetation as close to the edge of the road as possible without compromising the subject to sight distance requirements for the safety of the motoring public.

In the interest of the environment every effort shall be made to retain existing trees or ground cover/vegetation as close to the edge of the road as possible without compromising the subject to sight distance requirements for the safety of the motoring public. In case of replacement of trees to be cut down, the trees which can be substituted and which can easily acclimatize to the area are: Fig, Mulberry, Elm, Loester, Tamarisk, Willow, and Blackberry.

It is anticipated that impacts on the faunal species by the road rehabilitation project will tend to be minimal also as there are no endangered ones in the area. The identified bird species that thrive in the study regions were said to have been using bridge piers and abutments for nesting areas. It is important that these birds are minimally disturbed during their breeding seasons, especially the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) , a vulnerable (VU) species, which is an IUCN species (World Red Data Book) and found to inhabit the area. Prior to demolition of any of the bridges of Hajigabul-Horadiz, the contractor should thoroughly check if any nest of Lesser Kestrel is found under bridges’ piers, abutments and girders. If such nests are found, the demolition should be postponed until the end of the breeding season.

Furthermore, the contractors should exercise some caution in disturbing nearby habitats of any animal species in the surrounding environment. Under no circumstances will the contractor or any of his employ shall be allowed to trap or gather any animal species from the area.

Road M6 is characterized by numerous ponds, and marshland found especially alongside the irrigation canals, which are common habitats of the Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca c), Caspian turtle (Mauremis caspic a), and the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis b). During the construction phase, the contractor should first inspect the ponds and marshlands to see if there are any of the turtles inhabiting the area. Since the construction activities can disturb these reclusive animals, these turtles should be caught and released in nearby ponds where they can be undisturbed. Under no circumstances will the contractor or any of his employ shall be allowed to trap or gather any animal species from the area.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6.1.6 Land Acquisition

To minimize impacts the proposed road rehabilitation will be undertaken with the existing 60 m ROW. In spots where private lands would be affected, the intended realignment will be further modified to avoid such impacts.

6.1.7 Quarry and Borrow Areas

Certain volume of materials will be obtained from borrow areas and will be used for fill, capping layer and granular subbase. Several potential borrow areas have been identified which can be used for the project road. The prospective contractor will probably identify his source of materials. However, the materials need to be approved by the construction supervision engineer prior to using them for the project road. Should the contractor be sourcing the materials from existing and operational quarry site, the contractor should exert influence on the operator that proper operational and management measures be instituted to minimize impacts to the general environment. Should the contractor decide to open a new borrow site, the guidelines below should be followed in order to minimize impacts associated with the operation of borrow areas:

• All of the required environmental approvals should be secured and extraction and rehabilitation activities consistent with the requirements of MENR and/or permit conditions be carried out;

• Prior to operation of the borrow areas, the contractor should submit to ESS and construction supervision consultant (CSC) the following:

1) A plan indicating the location of the proposed extraction site as well as rehabilitation measures to be implemented for the borrow areas and access roads upon project completion;

2) A dust management plan which shall include schedule for spraying water on access road and schedule of the equipment to be used;

3) A schedule of regular dust suppression on all unpaved access roads during the construction period, particularly in sections where critical receptors, such as settlements, are located;

4) Location map of stockpiles which should be away from watercourses to avoid obstruction of flow and siltation;

5) Cover on haul trucks to minimize dust emission and material spillage;

6) Plan to undertake regular maintenance and repair of access roads to their original condition whenever necessary

6.1.8 Asphalt Plant Operation

An asphalt plant is a facility where aggregate materials and asphalt are heated, mixed and combined to produce a paving mix. The primary ingredient in the process consists of stone, sand, and asphalt oil, which is a by-product of petroleum. The entire mixture is heated to

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

approximately 300 degrees Fahrenheit in a revolving tubular drum. Generally, the resulting emissions are:

a) Steam from moisture naturally contained within the sand and/or stone;

b) Heat due to the temperatures;

c) Minute dust particles from the aggregate during mixing;

d) Gaseous odour.

Due to the above reasons, a number of considerations need to be followed in determining the site for a prospective asphalt plant to minimize impact to the environment and the adjacent communities such as:

1) asphalt plants must be located downwind of settlements at a distance of 500 meters or more and ensure that the prevailing winds will not carry solid emissions to the community ;

2) the contractor shall secure approval from the MENR for installation and operation of asphalt plants;

3) asphalt plants shall not be located close to plantations and productive land.

4) Petroleum products stored at batch plant sites are to be contained properly and appropriate measures must be taken to ensure the protection of surface and ground water;

5) Dust control measures should be performed on gravel roads used for the transportation of material to and from temporary asphalt plants;

1) Any discarded asphalt, tar mix, heavy oil, etc. must be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner and/or reused wherever possible.

2) the contractor shall have provisions for spill and fire protection equipment and shall submit an emergency response plan (in case of spills, accidents, fires and the like) to the ESS and CSC prior to operation of the plant; and

6) Prior to dismantling the facility the asphalt plant site shall be left in an aesthetically acceptable condition.

One of possible concerns relating to asphalt plants is the contamination of surrounding water bodies, which may be caused by spilled bitumen or any petroleum products used to thin the bitumen. Long periods of storage can increase the propensity of leakages which can cause contamination. Precautionary measures should be exercised to prevent bitumen from spilling into running or dry streambeds, ditches, or solid waste disposal sites prepared by the contractor. The storage and mixing areas for bitumen must be protected against spills and all contaminated soil must be properly handled according to the requirements of the MENR. These areas must be contained, such that any spills can be immediately mitigated and cleaned up as soon as such incident arises.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6.1.9 Contractor’s Work Camps

The proper maintenance of all the service and sanitary facilities at the contractor’s work camps falls under the direct responsibility of the contractor with the supervision of the construction supervision engineer for the project. The sanitary facilities or ablution include toilets, urinals, showers, washstands and a laundry area. Water should be provided of adequate quantity and acceptable quality complying with the national standards. Provisions of such facilities should conform to local and cultural traditions of the project site. In addition, safety and security of the area should be maintained at all times. Areas to be used as work camps or for purposes of the project should be approved by the local authorities and the construction supervision engineer

The civil works contract wil require the Contractor to be responsible for temporary acquisition and reinstatements of all lands needed outside the road reserve – for construction camps, offices, borrow pits, material storage/processing sites and haul roads. The Contractor will select the land parcels required and negotiate directly with the landowner.

Within the work camp, the contractor should exercise reasonable measures to prevent harm and to minimize the impact of his operations on the environment and on the socio-economic conditions along the road, and shall ensure that his employees do likewise. The contractor shall make his employees aware that hunting, trapping or dealing in wildlife will not be tolerated and shall take all possible steps to ensure that his employees and those of his sub-contractors do not engage in these activities. The contractor is expected to provide means to minimize work camp environmental problems as follows:

1. The contractor shall prepare a layout of the work camp and details of the proposed measures to address adverse environmental impacts resulting from its installation. Such plans shall be submitted to the ARS/PIU-ESS and construction supervision engineer prior to establishment of the work camps and implement provisions of such plans. Prior to establishment of the work camps, conduct consultations with local authorities to identify sources of water that will not compete with the local population.

2. The contractor shall establish a solid waste management plan covering provision of garbage bins, regular collection and disposal in a hygienic manner, as well as proposed disposal sites for various types of wastes (e.g., domestic waste, used tires, etc.) consistent with appropriate local and national regulations. In addition, spoil from earthwork, and general construction wastes are the responsibility of the contractor to collect and dispose of in conformance with local standards. Spoil disposal sites will be identified prior to the start of construction.

3. To control dust nuisance within the work camp and to minimize impacts to the surrounding community the contractor shall undertake measures such as watering of the areas, covering of any nearby stockpiles and provision of any vegetative measures.

4. All water used in the work camp shall be discharged in a manner which does not cause erosion, pollution or nuisance to landowners, or other persons within or adjacent to the work camp. The Contractor shall take all measures necessary to prevent the discharge into rivers, streams or existing irrigation or drainage systems of any water containing pollutants or visible suspended matter. The contractor shall not interfere with the natural flow of rivers, streams, or existing irrigation or drainage systems for any purpose without the prior consent of the construction supervision engineer.

5. The contractor shall come up with sewage management plan for provision of sanitary latrines and proper sewage collection and disposal system to prevent pollution of watercourses and subsurface waters. 42

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6. The contractor shall provide a description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources and irrigation facilities. Storage facilities for fuels and chemicals will be located away from watercourses. Such facilities will be bounded and provided with impermeable lining to contain spillage and prevent soil and water contamination.

7. In terms of erosion and siltation concerns, the contractor shall take all precautions to prevent the erosion of soil from any lands used or occupied by him, and from the bed or banks or any river, stream, irrigation or drainage system. Likewise, the contractor shall take all precautions to prevent the deposition of excavated or eroded material in any river, stream, irrigation, or drainage system.

8. In the interest of preserving native vegetation, the contractor is prohibited from using tree parts from the site for any aspect of the construction of his facilities or those for the Engineer. This includes props etc. needed to cast lintels and the like. Further the contractor shall not use wood burning stoves for cooking or heating.

9. The contractor shall realize that local markets will not be able to supply bulk food supplies for his labor force without causing severe shortages for the local population. Bulk food supplies shall only be purchased from towns approved by the construction supervision engineer.

6.1.10 Water Contamination

Various cases of water contamination can occur during the construction of the project road. Wastewater discharged during the construction phase will consist of wash-water from the equipment maintenance shops and sanitary wastewater effluent from the work camps. Since big work camps along the alignment are regarded potential sources of water pollutant, it will be advisable to utilize local labor and employees to limit the number of camp occupants. However, for large construction camps (e.g., population over 150), liquid wastes should receive primary- equivalent treatment in an anaerobic pond preceded by a bar screen prior to discharge to a natural watercourse. The sanitary wastewater from smaller camps should be equipped with septic tanks and that there will be no direct discharge of untreated sanitary waste to surface water bodies. In addition there are possible contamination concerns that need to be prevented as follows:

a) During construction, provisions should be made to allow the passage thru pipes of raw sewage (existing open sewers) through pipes from villages, as well as irrigation waters, through the embankment.

b) During bridge construction, the contractor must exercise caution in discharging oily or human waste so as to prevent them from leaching into rivers or lakes, as these are used by spawning fish coming from the Caspian Sea. No bridge foundation work should be allowed during known spawning seasons.

c) It is anticipated that all construction water will be taken from surface sources approved by the construction supervision engineer, and similar care shall be taken to ensure that human and oily waste is not discharged into existing watercourses.

d) On completion of the Works the Contractor shall remove all sewage systems installed by him at work camps unless agreed otherwise with the construction supervision engineer

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Fuel and lubricant spills can, in most instances, occur at the contractor’s work camp and motorpool while maintaining and washing equipment and work vehicles. The oily wash-water should be passed through an adequately sized, gravity oil separator prior to discharge.

Should spills occur in any part of the road, especially where the Aggyol National Reserve is closests to the road (km 100 - km 120), to mitigate the problem the contractor should use absorbing materials, such as obsorbent mats/fabrics, or sand and scrape off the contaminated soils and disposed them in approved facility, e.g. the hazardous disposal site in Sumqayit constructed under the WB Urgent Environmental Investment Project.

As part of the requirement, the contractor shall furnish the ESS and CSC a description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources and irrigation facilities. The storage facilities for fuels and chemicals will be located away from watercourses and will be confined with impermeable lining to contain spillage and prevent soil and water contamination. All fuels and chemicals shall be stored and disposed properly in compliance with MENR requirements.

6.1.11 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Specifically on the construction of project road, considerable refuse materials will be generated and have to be managed properly. The contractor should establish appropriate solid waste or garbage and hazardous waste management at the work camp and at the project site/s. The Contractor shall collect and dispose of all garbage from houses, offices, camps and other buildings occupied by him and the Engineer and from each area where his or the Engineer’s employees are working, until completion of the Contract.

Domestic wastes from work camps, spoils from earthwork, and general construction waste will be the responsibility of the contractor, with regards to collection and disposal in conformance with national and local standards. Spoil disposal sites will be identified prior to the start of construction. Standards for restoration of spoil sites will be detailed in the contract documents.

Hazardous wastes generated during both construction and operation of the Project will likewise be under the responsibility of the contractor. Potential impacts to the environment are from accidental spillages impacting soil, groundwater, and adjacent water bodies. Mitigation measures to prevent spillage will include proper handling and disposal as well as installation of appropriate hazardous storage facilities, in accordance with relevant standards.

Oil, fuel and chemicals (including bitumen, bridge deck water proofing agents and concrete) are hazardous which could endanger life and would be detrimental to the environment. Spillage of toxic substances could lead to pollution of groundwater and/or water course such as the major rivers that crosses the project road, while concrete may have serious impacts on freshwater fauna. During construction, these should be stored properly and labeled directly in appropriate containers. Bitumen, oil and fuel should be stored in tanks with lined bunds to contain spillage. Thus each construction camp should have a spill contingency plan. Stored waste oil, fuels and chemicals could be periodically transported for disposal at the hazardous disposal site in Sumqayit, which was constructed under the WB Urgent Environmental Investment Project. 4

The transport of hazardous materials from the construction site or contractor’s work camp need to be regulated and monitored by the CSC and the ESS, with possible restrictions on routes and time of travel to minimize, if not avoid, contact with populated areas. Transport vehicles should

4 World Bank (2005) Urgent Environmental Investment Project: Environmental Protection – Priority Directions and Actions, Baku, 2005. 44

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report certified by MENR with the proper qualification of the hauling contractor. Clear markings should be conspicuous on the transporting vehicle. The transporting personnel should be trained to handle emergency spills on the road for their own safety, as well as for the community and the environment. Proper coordination and communication should be arranged between the transporting the local authorities and the MENR, especially during transporting process.

6.1.12 Health and Safety

Work camps and construction sites need to be properly managed in terms of general sanitation in order to avoid any health and safety hazards to surrounding communities. The contractor should designate a qualified environmental, health and safety personnel who will anticipate and address hygienic issues in coordination with the MOH’s Regional Disinfection Centre and the local health and safety officer. Extra precautions should be exercised to prevent the entry and transmission of diseases into the work camp and the surrounding communities. It will be the responsibility of the contractor to provide the following:

(i) adequate health care facilities (including first aid facilities) within construction sites and work camps;

(ii) training of all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care matters, and on the specific hazards of their work;

(iii) issuing personal protection gadget, gears, clothing and equipment for workers, such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, and ear protection in accordance with SNIP III 4-80;

(iv) clean drinking water to all workers at all times;

(v) adequate protection for the general public, including safety barriers and marking of hazardous areas in accordance with Safety Regulations for Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance, 1978;

(vi) safe access through the construction site to people whose residences/shelters and routes are temporarily severed by road construction;

(vii) adequate drainage throughout the camps to ensure that stagnant water bodies and puddles that may serve as breeding ground for any disease vectors do not form; and

(viii) sanitary latrines and garbage bins in construction site, which will be periodically maintained and cleared for safe disposal by the contractors to prevent outbreak of diseases. Where feasible the contractor will arrange for safe disposal of waste generated at the work sites into existing waste collection systems and disposal facilities of nearby communities.

As part of the general health preparation, the contractor should coordinate this with the AIDS Centre in Baku to obtain practical advice regarding general health care. Awareness campaign on the avoidance of HIV/AIDS and STD involving both the local community and the construction workers should be undertaken in conformance to the requirements of the Department of Hygiene and Environmental Protection. The prevention of HIV/Aids shall form part of the contract of the Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultant.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6.1.13 Community Impacts

To avoid any conflicts between construction workers and nearby communities with respect to social amenities, the contractor will provide temporary worksite facilities such as health care, eating space, and praying places preferably within the work camp. Likewise, in anticipation of effectively handling social issues, the contractor shall also submit to ESS and CSC a plan (mechanism and organizational structure) for handling and resolution of communities’ grievances arising from the construction processes. Avenues for dialogues and consultations should be provided at all times to deal with community issues.

Whenever possible, the contractor shall employ local labor to benefit local communities and to promote the overall acceptance of the project. For Hajigabul-Horadiz Road the contractor shall look into the possibility of hiring local groups to undertake cleaning of drains during this construction period. As part of the maintenance of the road the ARS should also look into the possibility of employing the local people for the maintenance of roadside drains upon completion of rehabilitation works.

During the construction phase, it may be inevitable that disruption of existing traffic and local accessibility are impaired and can cause problems with the local community. To mitigate this situation the contractor should: (1) Submit a traffic management plan to local traffic authorities prior to mobilization; (2) Provide information to the public about the scope and schedule of construction activities and expected disruptions and access restrictions; (3) Allow for adequate traffic flow around construction areas; (4) Provide adequate signalization, appropriate lighting, well-designed traffic safety signs, barriers and flag persons for traffic control; and (5) Provide temporary access where accessibilty is temporarily restricted due to civil works.

Should the contractor use any areas for borrow materials, any access roads should be maintained during the construction phase and rehabilitated at the end of construction by the contractor himself to the satisfaction of the local authorities and in compliance with the contract. Compliance shall be monitored by the construction supervision engineer.

For the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), the operations of a number of retail shops, mechanic shops and some restaurants, etc., may be affected during construction in terms of access. The contractor should be able to maintain accessibility to these establishments to minimize economic impacts on such businesses.

Along the alignment itself, no impacts on cultural property, e.g. graveyards and cultural monuments, adjacent to the ROW are anticipated. However, access by the local community to these areas should be maintained by the contractor.

6.2 Impacts and Mitigation during Operation

The projected service life of the road is 20 years and over this operations period, the impacts to the environment are rather viewed as cumulative on account of the functions of the road components and can be in conjunction with other activities. Time-wise these impacts can also be long-term as they may manifest after construction and continue to persist for the entire usage and operation of the road. Discussed in this chapter are perceived impacts on biodiversity, water quality, air quality and noise-level during the operation of the road.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

6.2.1 Effects on Biodiversity

The road itself is regarded as a linear physical barrier that restricts movement of wildlife, especially those that are easily stressed and disturbed. With the rehabilitation of the road, along with construction of the necessary embankments, certain animals will find the road as an imposing structure and will restrict their mobility to one side of the road.

To mitigate this situation, the road should be provided with passageways for these animals to get to the either side of the road rather unimpeded. This can be done by providing an access appendage such as a pipe culvert with a diameter of 1.25-2.0 meters which will run underneath the road structure from one side to the other. This type of appendage can be used by small animals that thrive in the study regions of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road. Biodiversity crossings across the road should be provided for these animals, consisting of pipe culvert crossing. In fact, the prescribed pipe culverts for drainage purposes can be regarded as biodiversity crossing when no water is running through. For Hajigabul-Horadiz Road, a scheme to provide a biodiversity crossing spaced at around 5 kms would be incorporated in the design.

In addition, the bed of the box culvert for utilities and runoff can also be for the above- mentioned purpose. Also the abutment toes and dry beds underneath bridges can also be used as biodiversity crossings. To make this suitable for biodiversity crossing, the recesses should be provided at the bed of box culverts and waterways under bridges to confine the flow to certain segment and enable a dry strip for biodiversity to cross.

Parallel to this issue is the impact on the mobility of domestic animals due to high embankment fill that is applied on the road and making it difficult for animals to cross the road. The spots where there are a considerable fill along Hajigabul-Horadiz Road are at the vicinities of km 10+000, 63+500, 169+000 and 171+000. Quite a number of the elevated fill are due to the approaches of reconstructed bridges and box culverts. The distance of these embankment ranges from 500-1000 meters. The designed slope of the embankment does not considerably affect the mobility of the domestic animals; hence, domestic animal crossing is not needed. In the event the animals have to cross, sufficient signages will be placed to alert motorists on the crossing of domestic animals, especially near villages and grazing areas. In addition, the good sight distance provided by the road alignment design will prevent any accidents from happening involving domestic animals.

6.2.2 Water Quality

Concerns on water contamination and pollution arise when effluents and discharges leach into waterways and water bodies. During the operational phase of the road, it is expected that traffic will increase and businesses along the roadside will flourish such as small shops, restaurants, vehicle repair shops and other service-related establishments. Production and manufacturing businesses will also intensify due to improved accessibility other similar establishments will be set up along the road or close to the road. It can be expected that with the construction of a better road the population will also increase and new settlements and villages will be established. With the increase in population and intensification of economic activities, wastewater from these establishments, if unmanaged and uncontrolled properly, will eventually cause pollution of existing water bodies. This will translate to adverse effects on the ecosystem and on the welfare of the people.

To mitigate this, the national and local government should work together to implement programs and projects that would curb water contamination and pollution. This will entail formulation of environmental policies and regulations on proper wastewater management. In addition, wastewater infrastructure should be constructed and operated properly, especially in the

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

populated areas and where commercial activities are concentrated along the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road.

With the usage of the road, as experienced elsewhere, accidents can happen along the road, sometimes near water bodies and result to water contamination, thus degrading its quality and affecting biodiversity downstream. A potential case is when vehicles carrying toxic and hazardous substances are transported by land using these roads. To prevent or minimize this problem, adequate signages, markings, lighting, and safety guardrails should be installed in difficult spots.

Old structures which no longer conform to current standards should be demolished and replaced. Traffic management should be implemented such as regulation of speed and checking of vehicles carrying toxic and hazardous substances by responsible traffic personnel to see if adequate safety measures are being adhered to during transport.

Spills along the road should be promptly reported to proper authorities, who should be able to respond quickly in removing deleterious substances from the road. Along lakes and other water bodies, one possible measure to minimize contamination is to have a strip of gravel laid along the shoulder to decelerate runoff, and initiate a sort of filtration of contaminants by adhesion. Contaminated gravel can be changed periodically, or when evidence of liquid spills already dominates the surface of materials.

6.2.3 Air Quality and Noise

With the rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6), the vehicular traffic is expected to increase. Because of this, vehicular emissions and noise levels are anticipated to heighten. Attenuation measures against exhaust emissions and noise pollution should be implemented in areas with sensitive receptors such as residential areas, particularly schools, health centers, and hospitals. This can be done by planting trees and shrubs with dense leaves to deflect noise and provide absorption capacities for exhaust emissions. Certain species of trees, that can thrive in the study region should be planted and cared for until maturity by the community.

In the future should the noise reach intolerable levels, some structural noise barriers can be constructed along the edge of the road to deflect traffic noise and minimize nuisance to the surrounding communities. Areas where structural measures may be needed, subject to the design specifications, shall be in the vicinity of the sensitive receptors like schools, hospitals, etc.

6.3 ‘Without Project’ Scenario

The Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) starts from a point in Aran Village along the Baku-Gazak- Georgian Border Road (M2), located around 15km west of Yevlakh-Berda Highway (R27) and ends in Bharamtapa at a roundabout along the Hajigabul to Horadiz Road (M6). This road is moderately used by vehicles with light to moderate traffic. Currently, the road is relatively of acceptable condition, but cracks and potholes are progressing and in time will be facing serious dilapidation with progressing structural deteriorations. Most of the existing bridges are quite old and are now in a state of advanced deterioration, requiring reconstruction. Drainage along the road needs rehabilitation as well.

Currently, the M6 is being used as one of the main thoroughfare for the Aran Economic Region and serve as another important connective route to the other economic regions in Azerbaijan. If the M6 is left to its current status, the road condition will worsen until it becomes dilapidated

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

making travel to the other parts of Aran Economic Region more difficult and may impede economic growth. The bridges will further deteriorate, weaken, and pose safety hazard to motorists and residents along the alignment. It will be expected that the above-mentioned areas will experience some lowering of economic growth due to difficulty of access of goods and services.

7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) identifies the mitigation measures, monitoring activities and institutional arrangements to be implemented to prevent, eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels any adverse environmental and social impacts of the road rehabilitation project. The following subsections discuss the EMP specific to the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6).

7.1 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Program

The environmental mitigation and monitoring programs summarized in Annexes A and B have been devised to ensure proper response to identified project impacts which may arise during the construction and operation phase of the project road. Prior to the construction, the ESS with the assistance of the construction supervision consultant will do the following for the Hajigabul- Horadiz Road (M6):

• Establish baseline information on the existing environmental conditions and parameters for the specific road project;

• Develop an environmental auditing protocol for the construction period as well as a detailed monitoring and management plan;

• Provide guidance and formulate a report outline that will be used by the contractor as a guide in the preparation of monthly environmental progress reports; and

• Undertake regular and periodic monitoring of contractor’s implementation of the mitigation measures during the construction stage, consistent with the monitoring program, and submit to PIU-ARS quarterly monitoring reports. Special separate reports should be prepared in the event a significant environment related incident will arise.

• The PIU will provide the WB a summary of the monitoring results on a quarterly basis.

In addition, environmental management activities should form part of the Internal Monitoring System. The purpose of such system is to track progress of as well as changes in civil work activities as well as monitor effects and impact of the road construction and rehabilitation on the households and communities along the road. The ARS OJSC will be responsible for the establishment of the monitoring system with the assistance of the Supervision Consultant and the Civil Work Contractor, whose scope will be specified in the terms of reference for the work contract.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

7.2 Institutional Arrangements and Reporting

To ensure that the proposed mitigation measures will be implemented by the contractor/s during the construction stage, the detailed engineering consultant will undertake the following:

• Clearly define in the tender and contract documents the contractor’s obligation to undertake and implement environmental mitigation measures as specified in the Environmental Mitigation Plan outlined in Annex A. The same shall be appended in Contract Specifications;

• The cost for the recommended environmental mitigation measures will, where possible, be itemized as cost items in the Bill of Quantities. Such allocation of a cost item to specific environmental mitigation measure will be crucial to assure their actual implementation. During procurement or bidding, the bidders will be specifically instructed to include these cost items as line items in the Bill of Quantities to form part of their financial bids; and

• Explicitly require the contractor to recruit an environmental, health and safety personnel who will be specifically responsible in handling environmental issues of the project.

The contractor will be responsible for the implementation of environmental mitigation measures during construction and shall employ an environment, health and safety personnel who will supervise implementation of the contractor’s environmental responsibilities as stipulated in the contract and liaise with the ESS and the district ARS on such matters. Likewise, the EHS personnel will also be responsible for health and safety aspects of work sites and shall submit monthly reports to ESS on the status of implementation of mitigation measures, including complaints received and actions taken as well as other environmental issues relating to the project. The contractor, in coordination with the construction supervision consultant, shall set-up a grievance redress committee that will deal with any complaints during project implementation.

Also, during project implementation, the ESS with the assistance of the CSC shall monitor the compliance of the contractor in accordance with the EMP provisions. The ESS shall submit quarterly reports to ARS and the MENR describing the status of implementation of environmental mitigation measures by the contractors. Included in the reports are additional mitigation measures that may need to be implemented, incidents of non-compliance with applicable environmental permits, complaints received from local residents, NGOs, etc. and ways and means by which, they were addressed or settled.

It is advisable that the construction supervision consultants (CSC) shall employ an expatriate environment specialist (with civil engineering/environmental management background) to assist the ESS in the monitoring the progress of the construction on its environmental aspect. The CSC, through its environment specialist, shall provide hands-on training to the ESS throughout various stages of the construction. The CSC shall also assist the ESS in preparing monitoring reports regarding the performance of the contractors in terms of compliance with the relevant national environmental regulations, quality standards and the implementation of environmental specifications in accordance with the contract provisions. Terms of reference for the environmental specialist shall be drawn-up by the detailed engineering consultants for the road project.

During project implementation, the ARS (through the PIU) will report to the World Bank-IBRD every 3 months on the progress of the project based on the monitoring reports submitted by the ESS/CSC and the contractor.

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Upon project completion and subsequent acceptance by the ARS, the same will be responsible on the operation and maintenance of the Project Road. Routine and random environmental monitoring will be undertaken by ARS district offices as scheduled in the monitoring plan (Annex B ). Parallel to this the MENR will conduct random monitoring of the project to assess compliance with the required mitigation measures and applicable environmental laws and regulations. Should the ARS plan for full public participation activities, a detailed action plan should be devised with adequate funding from Azerbaijan government.

The following Table summarizes the various institutional responsibilities for the implementation of the environmental management plan at various stages of the Project Road rehabilitation.

Table 9: Responsibilities for Implementing the Environmental Management Plan Project Stage Responsible Organization Responsibilities Detailed Design ARS with the detailed engineering Incorporate mitigation measures into consultant engineering design and technical specification ARS and MENR Review and approve environmental mitigation and management measures Investment Department of ARS Allocate appropriate budget to undertake environmental monitoring and capacity building for ESS Construction Contractor (with the through its Implement required environmental measures EHS Manager) and submit monthly reports to ESS regarding status of such implementation.

Set-up a grievance redress committee in coordination with the CSC. ESS with the assistance of CSC Supervise contractor’s implementation of environmental measures on a daily basis. Enforce contractual requirements ESS and CSC Audit construction phase through environmental inspections and collect monitoring data. Submit quarterly reports to ARS and MENR. CSC Assist the contractor in the formulation of a grievance redress committee.

Provide awareness/training to workers and technology transfer to the contractor. ESS and CSC Ensure compliance with Government legal requirements during construction. Review complicated issues arising from the Project. ARS Submit quarterly progress reports to WB MENR and MOH Undertake periodic monitoring of the project Operation ESS / District Maintenance Unit Undertake routine environmental monitoring and prepare corresponding reports.

7.3 Cost Estimate

The estimated cost for implementing the mitigation measures and monitoring plan necessary in the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road rehabilitation is provided in the Table below. The costs during construction shall be part of contractor’s civil works package. While the costs associated in assisting the ESS in the implementation of the EMP and conducting relevant environmental training shall be included in the construction supervision cost.

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Table 10: Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Cost for Hajigabul-Horadiz (M6)

Item Unit Qty Unit Cost Total Environmental Costs - Civil Works (included in contractor's civil work package) a Dust suppression measures day 900 125 112,500 Planting of trees b km 15 4,000 60,000 Grass revegetation m2 100,000 2 200,000 Provision of biodiversity crossings units 0 5,000 0 Land management measures at dumping sites for excess material m3 225,000 1 225,000 Stripping of top soil (0-200 mm) and storage for reuse c m3 25,000 3 62,500 Rehabilitation (Landscaping) of borrow areas No 5 25,000 125,000 Provision of EHS Manager MM 36 3,000 108,000 Conduct of seminar/orientation on HIV, AIDS and STD awareness among workers and nearby communities; condom supply, coordination with HIV monitoring lump sum centers and basic supply provision 2 3,000 6,000 Total 899,000 Environmental Management, Monitoring and Training Costs during Construction (Included in construction supervision cost)

Remuneration and per diems International Environment Specialist MM 24 20,000 480,000 Travel Intl. Travel trip 18 2,500 45,000 Domestic Travel lump sum 1 20,000 20,000 Training materials and logistics lump sum 1 10,000 10,000 Periodic construction site noise monitoring M 36 4,500 162,000 Total 717,000 Environmental Mitigation during Operation - ARS Budget Purchase of water truck for maintenance of roadside unit vegetation 5 35,000 72,000 aestimated cost during the construction period (3 years) btotal length of tree/shrub plantations to be provided on both sides of the road at the roadside along the project road wherever possible within state or municipal lands cincluding seeding or other means of protection during stockpiling to preserve fertility

7.4 Implementation Schedule

The environmental measures are determined during the detailed design phase when the environmental assessment is undertaken. These measures will then form part of work items for the project. In addition, the other environmental activities related to road rehabilitation are presented in the succeeding Table below:

Table 11: Implementation Schedule Project Phase Issue Schedule Detailed design Inclusion of engineering measures to improve slope stability in erosion/landslide prone areas along the project corridor Prior to commencement of ESS (with assistance from CSC) to review and approve contractor’s method once construction activities statements Upon mobilization of the Training for ARS’S ESS and district offices (hands-on training will also be once CSC provided by the CSC during monitoring of the performance of contractors)

During construction Monitoring Refer to Annex B During construction Reporting: • Contractor to ESS monthly • ESS to ARS/MENR quarterly • ARS (through PIU) to WB quarterly

During Operation Monitoring Refer to Annex B

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7.5 Institutional Strengthening

As identified in the EA&MF, with reference to the capacity of the ESS in environmental management of road projects, often the problem is the incorporation of the requirements for environmental mitigation and monitoring in the contract documents even though the EMP was adequately prepared. Because of this it becomes difficult to enforce the needed environmental mitigating measures in projects, particularly due to lack of reference of these items in the project contract. It is important that this item be adequately emphasized on the part of ESS for compliance by the contractor. Furthermore, the level of expertise of ESS to undertake environmental management and monitoring should be upgraded.

As part of the TOR of the Scott Wilson Ltd on EA/EMP and Capacity Building Contract for the Alat Astara Motorway Project, a comprehensive training program had been formulated and implemented in line with institutional building and capacity building of staff from various agencies dealing with environmental regulations and control, especially the ESS-ARS OJSC. The topics elaborated in the training covered a range of environmental management and related issues relevant to the road construction sector in Azerbaijan such as Introduction to Construction Noise, Ecology, Environmental Good Practice, Waste Management; Good Practice on site – Dust, Ecology, Noise, Smoke & Odours, Trees, Water Management, Map Reading, Borrow Pit/Quarry, Oils & Chemicals; and Traffic Impacts on Air Quality

To respond to the requirements of the environmental monitoring activities, the gaps in the previous training held in 2007 should be assesed. Accordingly, based on these identified gaps, it is proposed that additional measures be provided to address these gaps, as guide to good practices in ensuring compliance by Contractors to the environmental regulatory measures.

On this note the assistance of an international environmental specialist will be useful. The matter of capability and capacity building on the part of the ESS should form part of the proposed Terms of Reference of the international environment specialist who will conduct the ESS/district ARS training and orientation for contractors. The following are the basic scope of the international environment specialist among others:

• Review prevailing government regulations in Azerbaijan and WB-IBRD guidelines governing the assessment and management of environmental impacts of road projects;

• Identify the procedural tasks required to be performed by ESS to meet the requirements of these regulations and guidelines;

• Assess the capacity of the ESS and district ARS and determine the training needs to respond to the requirements in conducting environmental monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures of road projects;

• Prepare a short-term staff training prospectus and associated materials to meet immediate needs;

• Undertake training workshops that will include the following topics:

Establishment of baseline data at the start of the project for reckoning project environmental impacts.

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul to Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Preparation of EMPs and incorporation of the mitigating measures in contract documents and specifications for Consulting Services and Works contracts;

Procedures for monitoring the implementation of mitigating measures including target parameters, frequency, responsibilities and means of monitoring;

Health and safety procedures in project implementation.

• Conduct orientation/workshop for contractors on construction-related environmental issues on road projects, implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring, and preparation of monitoring reports;

• Evaluate the effectiveness of the training measuring improvements in attitudes and skills achieved through a combination of feedback questionnaires and performance evaluation; and

• Prepare outline proposals for the longer-term organizational and capability development of ESS and district ARS.

A typical ESS/ARS staff training will consist of lecture-type presentation of the general procedure and requirements for effective environmental monitoring. This will be followed by a more detailed on-the-job and hands-on training at the construction site where the trainees will participate in the activities of the international environmental specialist/construction supervision staff in reviewing the contractor’s reports, periodic monitoring inspections, and deliberation of environmental issues involving the contractor and the project stakeholders, and finally the accomplishment of environmental reports. The field trainings should coincide with peak work activity at the site to provide a first hand observation of the following environmental issues:

• Erosion and slope stability issues;

• Discharges to water bodies;

• Disturbance on biodiversity;

• Dust suppression;

• Exhaust emissions;

• Noise abatement measures;

• Protection against oil spillage;

• Quarry, borrow pits and asphalt plant operations;

• Site health and safety, sanitary facilities, etc.;

• Public safety, traffic management, child safety, etc.

• Documentation in dealing with public complaints and conflict resolution.

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8 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

8.1 Stakeholder Consultations

In conformance with the Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment of the WB-IBRD, public consultation for the Rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) was scheduled on 11 April 2008 at 3pm in Shirvan City, part of Shirvan District. The EA consultant has requested the PIU-ARS to coordinate the holding of public consultation with the Local Executive Power of Shirvan, wherein local residents, village officials/representatives, local NGOs, and other stakeholders were invited.

A total of 47 participants attended the public consultation, in which the Consultant elaborated the rehabilitation works, project’s environmental and social impacts with the mitigating measures in a slide presentation (PowerPoint), maps, graphics, and handouts. Comments were later solicited from the participants in an open forum and by means of written documentation filled out by the participants themselves. The consultant’s team consisted of the international and local environmental specialists, and the local resettlement specialist. A recap of the comments, recommendations, and additional information is shown in Annex C.

8.2 Information Disclosure

Upon completion of the draft EA report for the Rehabilitation of the Hajigabul-Horadiz Road (M6) by the consultant, copies of reports will be submitted to the Government of Azerbaijan and the World Bank for comments. The ARS shall be responsible in making the draft reports (in Azeri language) available in public places for the project-affected and local NGOs. Once all the comments have all been addressed and the report finalized, ARS shall see the approval from MENR who will issue the Environmental Permission for the project. Subsequently, the Bank shall post the approved EA report in their Infoshop.

During the actual rehabilitation work, monitoring of the environmental impacts and the implementation mitigation measures will be done by the ESS/CSC. Reports shall be submitted by ESS-ARS to the World Bank on (a) compliance with measures agreed with the Bank on the basis of the findings and results of the EA, including implementation of any EMP, as set out in the project documents; (b) the status of mitigatory measures; and (c) the findings of monitoring programs.

In the interest of the people who may be affected as well as the environment, a grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people shall be set up by the contractor in association with ESS/CSC to address public complaints that may arise during the construction stage.

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REFERENCES

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL. Birds in Europe: Population Estimates, Trends and Conservation Status. Cambridge, UK. 2004 ENGCONSULT Ltd.: Initial Environmental Examination of the Yevlax –Ganja Road Rehabilitation Project. January 2005 FINNROAD Ltd.: Environmental Assessment of Tovuz Bypass. February 2005 SCOTT WILSON CENTRAL ASIA in association with VMV Ltd. Baku: Regional Environmental Review, Environmental Assessment and Management Framework and Resettlement Policy Framework. Azerbaijan Motorway Improvement and Development. November 2005 Scott Wilson Ltd. Preparation of Environmental Assessment and Management Plan and Capacity Building. Azerbaijan Highway Improvement and Development. Sections 1, 2 and 3: Alat to Masalli Motorway. August 2007. WORLD BANK. Operational Policies (OP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. January 1999 (as revised in August 2004) KOCKS CONSULT GMBH. Final Environmental Assessment Report for the Baku-Shamakhy Road Rehabilitation. April 2006 TERA International Group. Environmental Review Framework and Impact Assessment Report. ADB TA 4684-Aze-Phase 2: Preparing the Southern Road Corridor Improvement Project. May 2007 KOCKS CONSULT GMBH. Study on Prospective Construction Material Sources and Better Regulations of River Extraction (Preliminary Report) – IBRD Loan 7356AZ. March 2008

LIST OF PEOPLE MET Mr. IKRAM, Shahaliyev Chief of Ecology & Safety Sector, Road Transport Service Department Azer Road Service (ARS) Mr. GAHRAMAN, Halilov Chief of State Ecological Expertise (SEE), Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) Ms. JAVANSHER, Tatyana Head of EIS Sector, State Ecological Expertise (SEE), Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR)

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor DETAILED DESIGN PHASE Rehabilitation/const Erosion and increased Ensure that the design includes slope stabilization measures such as retaining walls, Design ARS ruction activities in incidence of landslide; gabions walls, riprap revetments, and shotcrete cladding drainage, terracing/benching, Consultants sloping areas, e.g. defacement of the landscape; when necessary, and provision of vegetation cover hillside cuts removal of vegetation Increased traffic Increased pedestrian vs. Integrate in the engineering design safety features such as speed control signs, proper road Design ARS vehicle accidents due to markings, streetlights, pedestrian crossing, livestock crossing and other visual means at the Consultants traffic volume and higher entrance and through the settlements, particularly along schools. Ensure that design of speed as a result of improved intersections, roundabouts and junctions improve traffic flow as well as improve safety of road motorists and pedestrians

Establishment of Mobility of terrestrial animals Integrate in the engineering design features such as biodiversity crossing/ tunnel for Design ARS the road, its are impaired as the road may migratory route crossings spaced at around 5km especially at the rural, uninhabited areas, Consultants embankment and cause a barrier, or and in the vicinity of protected area, where animals can cross underneath the road. Verify the increase in increase mortality, for certain the location with the drainage plan since pipe culverts can also be utilized for such purpose. traffic species These biodiversity crossing can be steel pipes or concrete pipes with minimum of 1.25-2.0m diameter sufficient for animals to pass through. . Provide signages alerting motorist on possibility of terrestrial and domestic animals cossing the road and that caution should be exercise to avoid fatal accidents to people and animals as well.

Reconstruction of Removal of some native Integrate in the engineering design features areas to be revegetated or replanted with Design ARS road embankment trees/shrubs that are within native tree/shrubs; This should be included in the overall aesthetic scheme for the road. Consultants and embankment the 20-25 m rehabilitation slopes. strip

Installation of Siting of asphalt plants may Location of asphalt plants will be at least 500 m downwind of settlements and away from Design ARS asphalt plants endanger the green areas productive land and green areas. Such specifications shall be included in the tender Consultants (rows of trees and shrubs) documents. and settlements and agricultural land.

Promotion of Road Increase in vehicular speed Road will be designed to ensure reduction of vehicular speed in areas approaching Design ARS Safety at the will increase the occurrence settlements and near schools. Signs will be provided to alert motorists of areas where Consultants entrance of of accidents domestic animals will cross. Speed bumps will be provided near schools. settlements and near schools

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor Possible acquisition Loss of property of the Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the affected areas along the road Design ARS of private lands private sector; affect on Consultants income.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Operation of Disfigurement of landscape Secure MENR’s approval for the operation of the borrow areas. Contractor ESS/CSC borrow areas and damage to access roads Prior to operation of borrow areas, submit a plan to ESS indicating the location of the proposed extraction site as well as rehabilitation measures and implementation schedule for the borrow areas and access roads.

Undertake rehabilitation of borrow areas and access roads upon project completion.

Increased dust emission Prior to operation of borrow areas, submit a dust management plan which shall include schedule for spraying on access road and details of the equipment to be used.

Spray water on all unpaved access roads particularly in sections where critical receptors, such as settlements, schools and the like, are located.

Siltation and obstruction of Wet aggregates and/or provide cover on haul trucks to minimize dust emission and material watercourses spillage.

Locate stockpiles away from watercourses. Operation of Odor emission and safety Asphalt plants shall be 500 m downwind from settlements. Contractor ESS/CSC asphalt plant risks Provide spill and fire protection equipment and submit an emergency response plan (in case of spills, accidents, fires and the like) to the ESS prior to operation of the plant.

Secure approval from the MENR for installation and operation of asphalt plants.

Water pollution due to spilled Bitumen will not be allowed to enter either running or dry streambeds and nor can be bitumen disposed of in ditches or small waste disposal sites prepared by the contractor.

Bitumen storage and mixing areas must be protected against spills and all contaminated soil must be properly handled according to MENR requirements. Such storage areas must be contained so that any spills can be immediately contained and cleaned up.

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor Establishment and Potential soil and water Submit the following plans to ESS prior to establishment of the work camps and implement Contractor ESS/CSC operation of pollution provisions of such plans: contractor’s work • Layout of the work camp and details of the proposed measures to address adverse camps environmental impacts resulting from its installation. The plan shall be consistent with the provisions of the construction norms BCH 8-89; • Sewage management plan for provision of sanitary latrines and proper sewage collection and disposal system to prevent pollution of watercourses; • Waste management plan covering provision of garbage bins, regular collection and disposal in a hygienic manner, as well as proposed disposal sites for various types of wastes (e.g., domestic waste, used tires, etc.) consistent with appropriate regulations; • Description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources and irrigation facilities. Storage facilities for fuels and chemicals will be located away from watercourses. Such facilities will be bounded and provided with impermeable lining to contain spillage and prevent soil and water contamination; • In the interests of preserving native vegetation, the contractor is prohibited from using tree parts from the site for any aspect of the construction of his facilities or those for the Engineer. This includes props etc. needed to cast lintels and the like. Further the contractor shall not use wood or tree parts from the site burning stoves for cooking or heating; • In terms of erosion and siltation concerns, the contractor shall take all precautions to prevent the erosion of soil from any lands used or occupied by him, and from the bed or banks or any river, stream, irrigation or drainage system. Likewise, the contractor shall take all precautions to prevent the deposition of excavated or eroded material in any river, stream, irrigation or drainage system. • Fuel and chemical spillage and leakages Prevention and Containment Program shall be prepared and implemented based on MENR guidelines.

Competition for water and Prior to establishment of the work camps, conduct consultations with local authorities to other resources identify sources of water that will not compete with the local population.

The contractor shall realize that local markets will not be able to supply bulk food supplies for his labor force without causing severe shortages for the local population. Bulk food supplies shall only be purchased from towns approved by the construction supervision engineer.

Establishment and Health and safety risks to Secure approval from the MOH’s Central Disinfection Centre and the District Disinfection Contractor ESS/CSC 59

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor operation of workers and adjacent Centre on the general living conditions and sanitary provisions in the worker’s camp. contractor’s work communities camps Provide the following: (continuation) • adequate health care facilities (including first aid facilities) within construction sites; • training of all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work; • personal protection equipment for workers, such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, and ear protection in accordance with SNIP III 4-80; • clean drinking water to all workers; • adequate protection to the general public, including safety barriers and marking of hazardous areas in accordance with Safety Regulations for Construction, Rehabilitation and Maintenance, 1978; • safe access across the construction site to people whose settlements and access are temporarily severed by road construction; • adequate drainage throughout the camps so that stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form; • sanitary latrines and garbage bins in construction site, which will be periodically cleared by the contractors to prevent outbreak of diseases. Where feasible the contractor will arrange the temporary integration of waste collection from work sites into existing waste collection systems and disposal facilities of nearby communities; • awareness campaign on the avoidance of HIV/AIDS and STD involving both the local community and the construction workers, , provision of free condoms and liaison with local health authorities

Operation of Water pollution Submit to ESS a description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and Contractor ESS/CSC equipment fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources and irrigation facilities. maintenance and fuel storage areas Locate storage facilities for fuels and chemicals away from watercourses. Such facilities will be confined with impermeable lining to contain spillage and prevent soil and water contamination.

Store and dispose waste/used oil consistent with MENR requirements. To consider the possibility of transporting and disposing toxic waste materials to the Toxic Waste Disposal Facility in Sumqayit.

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor Earthworks and Loss of topsoil Topsoil shall be stripped and reused to cover areas where excess materials will be dumped Contractor ESS/CSC various and along road sections where roadside vegetation will be provided. Long-term stockpiles of construction topsoil will be immediately provided with a grass cover and protected to prevent erosion or activities loss of fertility.

Submit to ESS a soil management plan detailing measures to be undertaken to minimize effects of wind and water erosion on stockpiles, measures to minimize loss of fertility of top soil, timeframes, haul routes and disposal sites.

Siltation and obstruction of Conduct consultation with local authorities and landowners on the selection of disposal sites Contractor ESS/CSC watercourses and drainage and secure MENR’s approval. due to improper disposal of excess materials The contractor should endeavor to reuse soil materials obtained from cuts by using them as fill materials, subject to compliance with standards and specifications.

Transport excess materials to the final disposal sites as extraction proceeds to minimize exposure to the elements that could cause erosion.

Upon completion of the project, provide spoils stockpiles with grass cover.

Prevent earthworks and stone works related to road construction from impeding the flow of rivers / streams and canals or existing irrigation and drainage systems.

Hire local groups to undertake cleaning of drains during the construction period.

Dust emission along routes to Regularly spray water on haul roads to suppress dust, especially along sections that will Contractor ESS/CSC and from final disposal sites pass close to settlements.

Competition for water Conduct consultation with local authorities to identify sources of water (for spraying and Contractor ESS/CSC resources other construction requirements) that will not compete with the local population.

Air pollution due to exhaust Maintain construction equipment to good running condition and avoidance, as much as Contractor ESS/CSC emission from the operation possible, idling of engines. of construction machinery Banning of the use of machinery or equipment that cause excessive pollution (e.g., visible smoke).

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor Earthworks and Disturbance of adjacent Restrict work between 0600 to 2100 hours within 500m of the settlements. In addition, a Contractor ESS/CSC various settlements due to elevated limit of 70 dBA will be set in the vicinity of the construction site and strictly followed. construction noise levels activities Machinery to be used for the construction should be equipped with mufflers to minimize the generation of noise;

Whenever possible the local population should be advised of occurrence of elevated noise levels to enable them to take the necessary preparatory measures.

Soil compaction due to Confine operation of heavy equipment within the ROW, as much as possible, to avoid soil Contractor ESS/CSC operation of heavy equipment compaction and damage to privately owned land.

Social grievance Formulation of a grievance redress committee in association with affected population before Contractor ESS/CSC starting the civil works. Traffic impairment Submit traffic management plan to local traffic authorities prior to mobilization. Contractor ESS/CSC

Provide information to the public about the scope and schedule of construction activities and expected disruptions and access restrictions

Allow for adequate traffic flow around construction areas.

Provide adequate signalization, appropriate lighting, and well-designed traffic safety signs, barriers and flag persons for traffic control. Provide temporary access where accessibilty is temporarily restricted due to civil works. Bridge and Culvert Disturbance of a small Ensure that breeding/nesting sites are not affected by the project, construction works on Contractor ESS/CSC construction nesting colony of the Lesser bridges will commence only if it was discovered that no nesting colonies of Lesser Kestrel is Kestrel (a globally threatened found in the bridges’ components. migratory avian species) The contractor shall prohibit its workers from hunting wildlife.

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Annex A. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION/REHABILITATION AND OPERATION Activity Potential Impact Mitigation measures Institutional Responsibility Implement Monitor Impairment of surface water Submit a method statement or plan for the execution of bridge construction works including Contractor ESS/CSC quality measures that will be undertaken to address adverse environmental impacts such as erosion of river embankment and siltation of watercourses that may result from such activities.

Avoid "dropping the bridge" into rivers/streams. This will be done by "sawing" appropriate sections of the bridge and using cranes to lift these sections or alternatively construct a platform onto which the bridge could be dropped.

Install cofferdams, silt fence, sediment barriers or other appropriate devices to prevent migration of silt during excavation and boring operation within rivers or streams.

Dewatering and cleaning of cofferdams will be performed to prevent siltation, by pumping from cofferdams to a settling basin or a containment unit.

Discharge of sediment-laden construction water (e.g., from areas containing dredged spoil) directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge.

OPERATION PHASE Increased traffic Elevated levels of gaseous Along sections of the road with sensitive receptors such as settlements and schools, flow and noise emissions due to provision of roadside vegetation using densely leafed shrubs and trees should provide increased traffic some attenuation. In consultation with the ESS --ARS the following tree species are recommended to be planted in the possible reforestation areas and as noise and air pollution buffers along the project road: Fig, Mulberry, Elm, Loester, Tamarisk, Willow, and Blackberry. The Detailed plans should be produced by Contractor and CSC (the Engineer), in consultation with the local people/officials

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Prior to construction works, the following method statements/plans shall be submitted by the Contractor to the ESS for approval:

A plan indicating the location of the proposed extraction site as well as rehabilitation measures to be implemented for the borrow areas and access roads upon project completion

Dust management plan which shall include schedule for spraying on access road and details of the equipment to be used

Layout of the work camp and details of the proposed measures to address adverse environmental impacts resulting from its installation. The plan shall be consistent with the provisions of the construction norms BCH 8-89

Sewage management plan for provision of sanitary latrines and proper sewage collection and disposal system to prevent pollution of watercourses

Waste management plan covering provision of garbage bins, regular collection and disposal in a hygienic manner, as well as proposed disposal sites for various types of wastes (e.g., domestic waste, used tires, etc.) consistent with appropriate regulations

Description and layout of equipment maintenance areas and lubricant and fuel storage facilities including distance from water sources and irrigation facilities. Storage facilities for fuels and chemicals will be located away from watercourses. Such facilities will be bounded and provided with impermeable lining to contain spillage and prevent soil and water contamination

Soil Management Plan detailing measures to be undertaken to minimize effects of wind and water erosion on stockpiles of topsoil and excess materials, measures to minimize loss of fertility of top soil, timeframes, haul routes and disposal sites for excess materials.

Plan for the execution of bridge construction works including measures that will be undertaken to address adverse environmental impacts such as erosion of river embankment and siltation of watercourses that may result from such activities.

Emergency response plan (in case of spills, accidents, fires and the like) prior to operation of the asphalt plant

A plan (mechanism and organizational structure) detailing the means by which local people can raise grievances arising from the construction process and how these will be addressed (e.g., through dialogues, consultations, etc.).

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Annex B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Aspect Parameters to be monitored Location Methodology Timing Institutional Responsibility for Monitoring Permits/Clearances Existence of permits from MENR for Inspection Before commencement of site ESS/CSC borrow areas, asphalt plants, disposal works or installation of facilities sites and tree cutting as well as clearance from the MOH for establishment and operation of work camps. Contractor’s yard Solid waste handling and disposal Contractor’s Camp Inspections, observations Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC facilities construction. At least once a Drainage conditions week Sanitation facilities and sewage disposal Heath facilities Equipment maintenance Storage and handling practices Contractor’s Camp Inspections, observations Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC and fuel storage areas Condition of storage facilities of fuel, construction. At least once a lubricants and paints week Spillage Drainage conditions

Borrow areas and Watercourses in the vicinity (obstruction, At site and access Inspections, observations, Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC access roads siltation, etc.) roads consultation with nearby construction and after complaint. Dust emission along access roads, communities At least twice a week particularly near settlements. Asphalt plant Exhaust fumes At site Inspections, observations, Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC consultation with nearby construction and after complaint. communities At least twice a week Worker’s Safety Provision and use of appropriate Job site Inspections; observations and Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC personnel safety equipment interviews construction. At least once a week

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Annex B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Aspect Parameters to be monitored Location Methodology Timing Institutional Responsibility for Monitoring Top soil preservation Stockpiling and means of protection Job site Inspections, observations Upon preparation of the ESS/CSC and final disposal site of construction site, after stockpiling excess materials and after completion of works on embankment slopes Traffic safety Existence of traffic management plan Location of proposed Inspection Before commencement of site ESS/CSC approved by the local traffic authority rounabouts flyovers works and junctions

Implementation of various provisions in Job site Inspection, observations and During construction period (twice ESS/CSC the traffic management plan. consultations with nearby a week, i.e., once during daytime communities and another during night time) Worker’s education on Implementation of the awareness Worker’s camp Interviews; Conduct After beginning of works and at ESS/CSC HIV/AIDS and STD campaign and worker’s knowledge presentation workshops and appropriate intervals throughout Local communities seminars; awareness posters, construction Incidence of HIV/AIDS and STD distribution of free condoms and liaison with local health coordinator Monitor the incidence of HIV/AIDS among workers Transport of materials Dust emission Throughout project Inspections, consultation with Unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC road, access roads communities construction. At least once a and construction week Bridge Construction Inspection of breeding/nesting sites of Existing bridge Meeting with contractor, Prior to commencement of site ESS/CSC Lesser Kerstrel sites/structural inspections and observation works and during Lesser Kestrel features breeding season from April to August. Surface water protection Bridge construction Inspections, observations unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC sites bridge works

Various construction Exhaust fumes and noise due to At site Inspection, observations and unannounced inspections during ESS/CSC activities operation of heavy equipment consultations with nearby works communities

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Annex B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Aspect Parameters to be monitored Location Methodology Timing Institutional Responsibility for Monitoring Provision of vegetation Progress/status of provision of Along project road Inspections, observations Monthly during construction ESS/CSC vegetation cover inalong the roadsides settlements, particularly in the vicinity of villages and in urban areas where space Quarterly during operation is available. Detailed plans should be produced by Contractor and CSC (the Engineer), in consultation with the local people/officials Transport of Hazardous Spills while in transit to disposal facility Routes to the Inspections, coordination with Prio to transport of hazardous ESS/CSC materials disposal facility concerned authorities materials to disposal facilities

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

Annex C. Results of Public Consultation and List of Participants – Shirvan District (Shirvan City, 11 April 2008)

I. Question and Answer Portion Comment Response Tagiyev Davud The road became too old due to the heavy The rehabilitation will entail rehabilitation into a trucks and should be reconstruct into new new road. road Azizov Xeyrulla Will the rehabilitation include the bridge over The project will include road and bridge the Kur River? reconstruction.

Mediev Gabil Will the project include new bridge over the The project will include bridge over the Shirvan Canal Shirvan Canal, which will be reconstructed or rehabilitated.

Samadof Alirza What measures will be included in the Should electrical utilities or support affected electrical utilities infrastructure will be affected within the construction corridor, proper relocation and/or reconstruction of these facilities will be done

Babaef Aliega The two years of reconstruction period of a The actual alignment will bedecided and portion of the City road will be difficult for the perhaps it will make sense if the bypass will be residents reconstructed as part of the M6 rehabilitation. This will be finalized by the designers.

The traffic through Shirvan will be unbearable Traffic scheme will be proposed to minimize during the construction period the effect of traffic

Can the bypass be used for the excess traffic The bypass can be an option in the rehabilitation scheme

Can the road be raise at the Hajigabul lake Hydrologic study will be conducted to area? determine the proper elevation of the road to prevent any destruction from lake water.

II. List of Participants No. Name Office/Position/Address Contact number 1 Nagiyev Vuqar 050 535 – 20 – 80 2 Huseynov Adem Head of Executive Agency of Ali- 050 527 – 25 – 90 Bayramly 3 Abilov Iltihat Head of Consultant of Executive Agency 0197 5 – 45 - 03 4 Abiyev Samid Deputy of Executive Agency 0197 5 -10 -10 5 Babayev Efselaga Chief of Municipality of Ali-Bayramly 0197 5 – 06 - 37 6 Mehdiyev Qabil Shirvan Road – Construction – 3 Chief 050 206 – 00 - 56 of RTSD 7 Nacafov Ramiz Shirvan Road – Construction – 3 050 328 – 01 - 75 68

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

No. Name Office/Position/Address Contact number 8 Tagiyev Davud Boyuk Shirvan canal chief accountant 050 362 – 59 – 02 9 Abdullayev Sabir Chief specialist 715 – 97 – 61 10 Rahimov Nizami Deputy of Executive Agency of Ali- 050 312 – 34 – 62 Bayramly 11 Aliyev Saxavat The local section No 3 of Ministry of 594 – 01 - 06 Ecology and Nature Recourse 12 Naiyev Ehtibar Deputy of Executive Agency of Ali- 055 704 – 19 - 92 Bayramly 13 Aslanov Eldaniz Municipality of Ali-Bayramly 055 756 – 67 - 88 14 Muradov Rahim Municipality of Ali-Bayramly 660 – 55 -18 15 Huseynov Elnur Municipality of Ali-Bayramly 340 – 40 -26 16 Aliyev Yashar Municipality of Ali-Bayramly 756 – 58 - 69 17 Asadov Oktay Owner 358 – 88 - 24 18 Farzaliyev Rasim Owner 649 – 20 - 98 19 Shahgerdiyev Elxan Municipality of Hajiqabul 544 – 88 -13 20 Shukurov Mais Chief of section of DT and NN 055 769 – 34 -34 21 Qadir Yahya Agacan 22 Huseynov Necef Rehim I 23 Imanov Babek Chingiz 24 Haciyev Isa Asger 25 Ferziyev Abbasaga

III. Written Questions and Comments to be Addressed in the Project

No. Name Address Comment Mitigation Measures 1 Asadov Oktay Xaqani 30 / 5 The heavy vehicles should This will be not enter Ali – Bayramly considered during the city operations of the road. Traffic management can deal with this

2 Mirzayev Đlkin Shirvan city, We have no comments H.Cavid street building 6a 3 Xeyrulla Shirvan (street What is the acceptable The width in the may, building 3, width of asphalt-concrete design is 3.75meters apartment 55) road i.e. the width of carriageway

How many layers does Three layers asphalt – concrete have? 4 Na ğıyev Vuqar Shirvan city, As the existing road is Erosion is taken M. Ə Rasulzade - subject to erosion, cared of by slope 17/2 -12 construction of alternative protection roads should be infrastructure and considered vegetation.

Will there be repairs for Roads that will be alternative roads during affected will be

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

No. Name Address Comment Mitigation Measures construction. repaired as part of Contractor’s Scope (e.g. rural access roads) 5 Samadov Alirza City Salyan In case high voltage During construction Cafar Cabbarlı - electricity in Ali-Bayramly any impacts on the 85 will be affected, utilities will be replacement of necessary mitigated and part of parts should be done. the Contractor’s scope 7 Aliyev Samid Shirvan Reparing of alternative Roads that will be Huseyn roads must be considered affected will be during construction. repaired as part of Contractor’s Scope (e.g. rural access roads) 7 Shıxverdi Shıxbaba oglu During construction a The design will Mammadov street 34 section of 3-5km should be consider embankment raised up to 1.5-2m fill for better drivability elevation; including the and safety alternative road.

8 Muradov City Əlibayramlı Within the city the existing Traffic management Kürdo ğlu Barat xanlar – 33 road is exposed to rapid will deal with oğlu deterioration, that’s why overloading roads the construction of which can be alternative road is implemented during necessasry. construction and operation phases

New plans will be needed The road will be for temporary intercity road designed in like those that don’t meet accordance with the requirments of local international and international transport standards standards.

9 Babayev Əlibayramlı T- The road passing through Traffic management Əfs əlaga ƏLakbarov the city must not be used will deal with street for heavy traffic.The overloading roads bypass should be used which can be implemented during construction and operation phases

10 Azami Ali Shirvan Will you build a new bridge The bridge over Kur qəsəbəsi on Kur River? River is under study H.Cavid street 11 Farzaliyev H.Aliyev avenue Transport vehicles must Traffic management Rasim – 48 not enter the city will deal with overloading roads which can be implemented during

Rehabilitation of 600 kms of Magistral Roads of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Hajigabul-Horadiz, M6) Enviromental Assessment Draft Final Report

No. Name Address Comment Mitigation Measures construction and operation phases

12 Shahgeldiyev Shirvancity, Transport vehicles must Traffic management Elxan Hascıqahramanlı not enter the city will deal with avenue overloading roads which can be implemented during construction and operation phases