DOCSLIB.ORG

Libertarianism: an Ecological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Libertarianism: an Ecological Libertarianism: An Ecological Libertarianism and wilderness are necessary for each others survival – As Gary Snyder states: “wild doesn’ t mean Consideration disorderly; it means a different kind of order.” A different kind of order is what we as a living species desperately need. Grant Mincy Industrial Utility In the vast arid lands of the Arckaringa Basin in Australia a major shale oil discovery has been made. Linc Energy has discovered across 16 million acres of land an estimated 133 233 billion barrels of shale oil that lies beneath the region"s lithology. #o matter ho$ much of this oil is recoverable using modern technology% the discovery is sure to be valued in the trillions at current market value. &eter Bond% chief e'ecutive of Linc Energy% is marketing a deposit that has the potential to transform the global oil industry. )is is an incredible *nding $ith incredible conse+uences. ,il is a highly sought after commodity as it currently fuels much of the developed $orlds economy along $ith other fossil resources such as coal. Investment in this ne$ discovery $ill suit $ell for investors. )ere is a lot of money to be made and the sheer volume of the discovery points to long-term production of the resource. )is has major im(lications for the economy of the area as $ell. &roduction $ill raise demand for $orkers of all ability levels and educational backgrounds. )e immensity of this discovery is sure to plunge Australia into the latest energy boom. /hale energy. /preading $ildly across the 0nited /tates and 1anada% giant shale reserves have been exploited% increasing domestic energy production and causing economic booms across the region. 2here there are booms% ho$ever% the business cycle illustrates a bust is sure to follo$ es(ecially $hen heavy government subsidies are needed to maintain the boom. Artificial bubbles al$ays burst. 3or this reason a number of people protest shale energy s(eculation. /hale energy is not productive enough to pay for itself% $hich is $hy governments have started heavily subsidizing natural gas extraction. It is true that the shale bubble has lo$ered energy costs in the short term% but this is because lenders% investors and government subsidies have lo$ered (rices for consumers the /hah% /onia. <)e /(read of #e$ ?iseases. )e 1limate 1onnection.= Rale 5not so6 secrete mega investors in shale energy are ta'-payers. As Environment 360. Rale University. 2009. for the jobs boon, it is important to note that the high $age )e 0niversity of Fennessee% Bno'ville. <Little Book of 1onHict Kesolution.= opportunities are for s(ecialized labor. )e majority of jobs 0FB ConHict Resolution Program. Kno'ville, F# 1995. produced are lo$ $age truck drivers% $ell pad o(erators and so )oreau, Henry David. Resistance to Civil Government. 1849 on. 2hen the shale bubble bursts% as al$ays% the lo$-income% $orking class and middle class $ill shoulder the economic 2agner% 7elinda B. /(ace and &lace% Land and Legacy. 1ulture% Environment burden. Big money $ill be made for investors $hile communities and 1onservation in the A((alachian /outh. Ed Benita 8o$ell% 2002. 0niversity of Ih Press. deal $ith the economic bust and captured markets that follo$ production. )ere is also an environmental movement protesting shale energy production. )is movement is fro$ned upon by many movement libertarians. )ere are good reasons $hy as many mainstream environmentalists $ould use the po$er of the state to interfere $ith voluntary contracts and the rights of individuals to decide $hat to do $ith their property. )ere is also reason, ho$ever% to support a libertarian case against such industrial activity as $ell such as com(ulsory pooling la$s and the ever (o$erful eminent domain. 3or an example. 7ichael 8inrichs% director of public affairs for the :ordan 1ove Energy &roject and the &aci*c 1onnector ;as &ipeline% said eminent domain $as not their <preferred method= of obtaining development rights% adding. <2e"d much rather come to an e+uitable agreement $ith the lando$ners.= >ery noble of a com(any to only use coercive force after they fail to reach their desired agreement $ith property o$ners. Any libertarian should ackno$ledge that eminent domain is a gross violation of property rights. 1om(ulsory pooling la$s are just as intrusive. Along $ith gas extraction comes road and $ell pad construction, noise and air pollution, increased smog% increased $ater pollution and giant tanker trucks utili4ed for the transportation of large volumes of fresh$ater for hydraulic fracturing and transportation of the harvested resource. In this arid region of Australia% any undisturbed $ilderness is soon to be industriali4ed Wor)s "ited* for the attainment of this resource% just as the rural lands of the /tates and 1anada have been industriali4ed. )is is of course true Abbey% Edward. Desert Solitaire. McGra$-8ill. 1968 for all extractive industries be it mountainto( removal coal Armsworth% &aul EF Al. Ecosystem /ervice Science and the 2ay 3orward for mining in Appalachia% open-pit mining in the great open $est or 1onservation. 1onservation Biology% >ol 21, #o. 6. /ociety for 1onservation large timber operations in the &acific #orth$est 5just to name a Biology. 2007. fe$6. Berry% 2endell. )e Long Legged 8ouse. 8arcourt% Brace O 2orld, Inc. 0nited States of America. 1965. Berry% 2endell. The Agrarian Standard. Orion Maga4ine. 2002. Bee8ive Collective. The Frue Cost of Coal. No Co(yright 1attan% #acha. <1limate 1hange /et to Boost 7e'ican Immigration to the 0S, Says Study.= The Christian Science Monitor. 2010. 1heng% / Atony et al. <&lace= as an Integrating 1once(t in #atural Kesource &olitics. &ro(ositions for a /ocial Science Kesearch Agenda. Faylor and 3rancis. /ociety and Natural Resources. 16:87 -104. 2003. 1hurchill et al. Angler 1onHicts in 3isheries 7anagement. 3isheries% >ol. !N% #o.2. 2002. $$$.fisheries.org ?ecker, Daniel J and Lisa C. Chase. Human Dimension A((roaches to Citi4en In(ut: Keys for ,f course it $ould be irresponsible to call for the halt all fossil energy production overnight. #o responsible environmentalist 3ranklin% :erry. <&re(aring for an 0ncertain 2orld: Falking 2ith :erry should call for such an activity as our infrastructure $ould 3ranklin. The Forestry Source. Corvallis OK, 2008. collapse. )e very (rivileged argument that utility rates should be 3reyfogle% Eric F. Bounded &eo(le% Boundless Land. /tewardshi( Across raised to pay for <green= infrastructure is also irresponsible as this Boundaries. ed. Richard #ight and Peter Landues. Island Press% 1998. $ould grossly impact lo$-income households. )ere is reason, ;ro9man% &eter et al. Kestarting the 1onversation. 1hallenges at the Interface ho$ever, to call for free, liberated markets where the creative labor of Ecology and Society. 3rontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2010. human beings long to conduct can begin a transition economy. 3or if $e lived in a truly free5d6 market system% $ithout state 8eifet4% Konald. <Leadershi( 2ithout Easy Ans$ers.= )e Belkna( &ress of 8arvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. London, England. intervention, the modern, centrali4ed fossil fuel industries $ould surely crumble under their enormous cost. 2ithout federal Kobbins% :im. <Anger ,ver 1ulling of Rellowstone"s Bison.= )e #e$ Rork involvement in energy markets% fossil energy *rms 5among the Fimes. Ne$ Rork, 2008. largest corporations on the planet) $ould instead focus on the Kolle, /u. <7easure of &rogress for 1ollaboration: 1ase /tudy of the A((legate creation of ne$ energy models and internal risk-pooling to &artnershi(.= United States Forest Service. Ashland, OK 2002. examine alternatives to high-risk projects. 2ithout state collusion, in other $ords, $hat $ould develop is an devouring one another even more vigorously and ecosystem service approach to natural resource management, $ith ferociously than we already are. adaptive collaboration and a reliance on the resources of local communities. I $ill e'(lore these opportunities in this essay as I )e more $ilderness and o(en spaces that are preserved the less $ish to build the libertarian case for the environment, and $hy space $ill be available for industries and governments to e'(loit. more self-described libertarians should engage the environmental 2ilderness (reservation $ill slo$ the industrialization of the movement. (lanet and it $ill halt the gro$th of governments. &rotection of the environment $ill liberate us from consumerism% po$er and Jefferson Over Hamilton unjust technologies. It $ill liberate us from our gro$th mentality. It $ill liberate nature and ourselves from centralized (o$er and )e mainstream libertarian movement in the 0nited /tates ties its technological su(remacy. 2ho are $e to deny the holy e'perience idealism to the founders of the early government. 7any in the of wildness and wilderness for ourselves and future generationsG mainstream movement champion individual rights% small limited government, constitutional representation and classical liberalism. Libertarianism and $ilderness are necessary for each others At the time the early 0nited /tates government $as being survival As ;ary /nyder states. <$ild doesn"t mean disorderly@ it constructed many arguments and debates occurred among the means a different kind of order.= A different kind of order is $hat founders% but arguably the greatest of $hich occurred between $e as a living s(ecies des(erately need. )omas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. In 8amilton"s vie$ it $ould be irresponsible to (lace much democratic control in the hands of the (eople. 8amilton and other federalists believed the country should be ruled by the economic ruling class the elite% the educated and the privileged. 3ederalist :ohn :ay put it as bluntly as possible. <)ose $ho o$n the country ought to govern it.= )ey favored a strong national government, a broad interpretation of the constitution and put national unity above individualism and states rights.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Quest Motif in Snyder's the Back Country
    LUCI MARÍA COLLIN LA VALLÉ* ? . • THE QUEST MOTIF IN SNYDER'S THE BACK COUNTRY Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em Letras, Área de Concentração em Literaturas de Língua Inglesa, do Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal ' do Paraná, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Letras. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Sigrid Rénaux CURITIBA 1994 f. ] there are some things we have lost, and we should try perhaps to regain them, because I am not sure that in the kind of world in which we are living and with the kind of scientific thinking we are bound to follow, we can regain these things exactly as if they had never been lost; but we can try to become aware of their existence and their importance. C. Lévi-Strauss ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to acknowledge my American friends Eleanor and Karl Wettlaufer who encouraged my research sending me several books not available here. I am extremely grateful to my sister Mareia, who patiently arranged all the print-outs from the first version to the completion of this work. Thanks are also due to CAPES, for the scholarship which facilitated the development of my studies. Finally, acknowledgment is also given to Dr. Sigrid Rénaux, for her generous commentaries and hëlpful suggestions supervising my research. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT vi RESUMO vi i OUTLINE OF SNYDER'S LIFE viii 1 INTRODUCTION 01 1.1 Critical Review 04 1.2 Cultural Influences on Snyder's Poetry 12 1.2.1 The Counter cultural Ethos 13 1.2.2 American Writers 20 1.2.3 The Amerindian Tradi tion 33 1.2.4 Oriental Cultures 38 1.3 Conclusion 45 2 INTO THE BACK COUNTRY 56 2.1 Far West 58 2.2 Far East 73 2 .3 Kail 84 2.4 Back 96 3 THE QUEST MOTIF IN THE BACK COUNTRY 110 3.1 The Mythical Approach 110 3.1.1 Literature and Myth 110 3 .1.
    [Show full text]
  • Gary Snyder's Eco-Buddhist Deconstruction of "Self" and "Nature"
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2002 Emptiness of "The Wild"| Gary Snyder's eco-Buddhist deconstruction of "self" and "nature" David J. Kerber The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kerber, David J., "Emptiness of "The Wild"| Gary Snyder's eco-Buddhist deconstruction of "self" and "nature"" (2002). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2217. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2217 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. î ■i Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of JVIONTANA Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. * * Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature * * Yes, I grant permission _____ No, I do not grant permission _____ Author's Signature Date Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. THE EMPTINESS OF “THE WILD”: GARY SNYDER’S ECO-BUDDHIST DECONSTRUCTION OF “SELF” AND “NATURE” By David J. Kerber B.S. Willamette University, 1999 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana May 2002 Approved by: irperson: Dean, Graduate School: S - ZZ-02.____ Date UMI Number: EP35489 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • The History and Philosophy of the Postwar American Counterculture
    The History and Philosophy of the Postwar American Counterculture: Anarchy, the Beats and the Psychedelic Transformation of Consciousness By Ed D’Angelo Copyright © Ed D’Angelo 2019 A much shortened version of this paper appeared as “Anarchism and the Beats” in The Philosophy of the Beats, edited by Sharin Elkholy and published by University Press of Kentucky in 2012. 1 The postwar American counterculture was established by a small circle of so- called “beat” poets located primarily in New York and San Francisco in the late 1940s and 1950s. Were it not for the beats of the early postwar years there would have been no “hippies” in the 1960s. And in spite of the apparent differences between the hippies and the “punks,” were it not for the hippies and the beats, there would have been no punks in the 1970s or 80s, either. The beats not only anticipated nearly every aspect of hippy culture in the late 1940s and 1950s, but many of those who led the hippy movement in the 1960s such as Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsberg were themselves beat poets. By the 1970s Allen Ginsberg could be found with such icons of the early punk movement as Patty Smith and the Clash. The beat poet William Burroughs was a punk before there were “punks,” and was much loved by punks when there were. The beat poets, therefore, helped shape the culture of generations of Americans who grew up in the postwar years. But rarely if ever has the philosophy of the postwar American counterculture been seriously studied by philosophers.
    [Show full text]
  • Roger Dunsmore Came to the University of Montana in 1963 As a Freshman Composition Instructor in the English Department
    January 30 Introduction to the Series Roger Dunsmore Bio: Roger Dunsmore came to the University of Montana in 1963 as a freshman composition instructor in the English Department. In 1964 he also began to teach half- time in the Humanities Program. He taught his first course in American Indian Literature, Indian Autobiographies, in 1969. In 1971 he was an originating member of the faculty group that formed the Round River Experiment in Environmental Education (1971- 74) and has taught in UM’s Wilderness and Civilization Program since 1976. He received his MFA in Creative Writing (poetry) in 1971 and his first volume of poetry.On The Road To Sleeping ChildHotsprings was published that same year. (Revised edition, 1977.) Lazslo Toth, a documentary poem on the smashing of Michelangelo’s Pieta was published in 1979. His second full length volume of poems,Bloodhouse, 1987, was selected by the Yellowstone Art Center, Billings, MX for their Regional Writer’s Project.. The title poem of his chapbook.The Sharp-Shinned Hawk, 1987, was nominated by the Koyukon writer, Mary TallMountain for a Pushcat Prize. He retired from full-time teaching after twenty-five years, in 1988, but continues at UM under a one- third time retiree option. During the 1988-89 academic year he was Humanities Scholar in Residence for the Arizona Humanities Council, training teachers at a large Indian high school on the Navajo Reservation. A chapbook of his reading at the International Wildlife Film Festival, The Bear Remembers, was published in 1990. Spring semester, 1991, (and again in the fall semester, 1997) he taught modern American Literature as UM’s Exchange Fellow with Shanghai International Studies University in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Poetry of Gary Snyder 3K'(QJOLVKWKHVLV8QLYHUVLW\RI6RXWK)ORULGD)ORULGD
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
    [Show full text]
  • The Berkeley Poetry Conference
    THE BERKELEY POETRY CONFERENCE ENTRY FROM WIKIPEDIA: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Poetry_Conference Leaders of what had at this time had been termed a revolution in poetry presented their views and the poems in seminars, lectures, individual readings, and group readings at California Hall on the Berkeley Campus of the University of California during July 12-24, 1965. The conference was organized through the University of California Extension Programs. The advisory committee consisted of Thomas Parkinson, Professor of English at U.C. Berkeley, Donald M. Allen, West Coast Editor of Grove Press, Robert Duncan, Poet, and Richard Baker, Program Coordinator. The roster of scheduled poets consisted of: Robin Blaser, Robert Creeley, Richard Durerden, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Leroi Jones (Amiri Baraka), Joanne Kyger, Ron Lowewinson, Charles Olson, Gary Snyder, Jack Spicer, George Stanley, Lew Welch, and John Wieners. Leroi Jones (Amiri Baraka) did not participate; Ed Dorn was pressed into service. Seminars: Gary Snyder, July 12-16; Robert Duncan, July 12-16; LeRoi Jones (scheduled), July 19-23; Charles Olson, July 19-23. Readings (8-9:30 pm) New Poets, July 12; Gary Snyder, July 13; John Wieners, July14; Jack Spicer, July 15; Robert Duncan, July 16; Robin Blaser, George Stanley and Richard Duerden, July 17 New Poets, July 19; Robert Creeley, July 20; Allen Ginsberg, July 21; LeRoi Jones, July 22; Charles Olson, July 23; Ron Loewinsohn, Joanne Kyger and Lew Welch, July 24 Lectures: July 13, Robert Duncan, “Psyche-Myth and the Moment of Truth” July 14, Jack Spicer, “Poetry and Politics” July 16, Gary Snyder, “Poetry and the Primitive” July 20, Charles Olson, “Causal Mythology” July 21, Ed Dorn, “The Poet, the People, the Spirit” July 22, Allen Ginsberg, “What's Happening on Earth” July 23, Robert Creeley, “Sense of Measure” Readings: Gary Snyder, July 13, introduced by Thomas Parkinson.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Olson's Ecological Poetics Jeffrey J
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1975 Charles Olson's ecological poetics Jeffrey J. Buckels Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the American Literature Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Poetry Commons Recommended Citation Buckels, Jeffrey J., "Charles Olson's ecological poetics" (1975). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 150. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/150 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Charles Olson's ecological poetics by Jeffrey John Buckels A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: English Approved: Signature redacted for privacy Signature redacted for privacy Signature redacted for privacy For the Gra Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1975 ii TABI~ OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. THE MORPHOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE 2 III. THE HUMAN UNIVERSE 6 IV. TO KNa.l AND MAKE KN<MJ 9 v. THE ~.AXIMUS POEMS 11 FOOTNOTES 21 I.IST OF WORKS CONSUI.TED 22 --------------~··--·----· --- ··--·--·- 1 I. INTRODUCTION One of the most vital developments in contemporary American poetry is the poetics of ecology. In the major productions of Gary Snyder, Myths and Texts and The Back Country, we see ecological values elaborated from reference points as apparently diverse as that of the ancient Orient and that of the American Indian.
    [Show full text]
  • Transpacific Transcendence: the Buddhist Poetics of Jack Kerouac, Gary Snyder, and Philip Whalen
    TRANSPACIFIC TRANSCENDENCE: THE BUDDHIST POETICS OF JACK KEROUAC, GARY SNYDER, AND PHILIP WHALEN BY Copyright 2010 Todd R. Giles Ph.D., University of Kansas 2010 Submitted to the graduate degree program in English and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________________ Chair, Joseph Harrington ______________________________ Kenneth Irby ______________________________ Philip Barnard ______________________________ James Carothers ______________________________ Stanley Lombardo Date Defended: September 8, 2010 ii The Dissertation Committee for Todd R. Giles certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: TRANSPACIFIC TRANSCENDENCE: THE BUDDHIST POETICS OF JACK KEROUAC, GARY SNYDER, AND PHILIP WHALEN Committee: ______________________________ Chair, Joseph Harrington ______________________________ Kenneth Irby ______________________________ Philip Barnard ______________________________ James Carothers ______________________________ Stanley Lombardo Date Approved: September 8, 2010 iii Abstract "Transpacific Transcendence: The Buddhist Poetics of Jack Kerouac, Gary Snyder, and Philip Whalen," directed by Joseph Harrington, examines the influence of East Asian literature and philosophy on post-World War II American poetry. Kerouac's "Desolation Blues," Snyder's "On Vulture Peak," and Whalen's "The Slop Barrel" were all written one year after the famous Six Gallery reading in San Francisco where Allen Ginsberg
    [Show full text]
  • The Biographic and Poetic Dimensions in Gary Synder's Green
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-2007 The Biographic and Poetic Dimensions in Gary Synder’s Green Buddhism Poetry: Cold Mountain, Mountains and Rivers Without End, and Danger on Peaks Byoungkook Park Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, Creative Writing Commons, and the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Park, Byoungkook, "The Biographic and Poetic Dimensions in Gary Synder’s Green Buddhism Poetry: Cold Mountain, Mountains and Rivers Without End, and Danger on Peaks" (2007). Dissertations. 903. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/903 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BIOGRAPHIC AND POETIC DIMENSIONS IN GARY SYNDER’S GREEN BUDDHISM POETRY: COLD MOUNTAIN. MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS WITHOUT END. AND DANGER ON PEAKS by Byoungkook Park A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Dr. Daneen Wardrop, Advisor Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE BIOGRAPHIC AND POETIC DIMENSIONS IN GARY SNYDER’S GREEN BUDDHISM POETRY: COLD MOUNTAIN POEMS. MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS WITHOUT END. AND DANGER ON PEAKS Byoungkook Park, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2007 From the perspective of ecology, many scholars have examined works of Gary Synder, who is an environmental activist, a peasant-Buddhist, and one of the most beloved and significant poets in the East and West.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge Quest For
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE QUEST FOR PLACE THE POETRY OF GARY SNYDER AND WENDELL BERRY A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English by Patrick Dennis Murphy May, 1983 The Thesis of Patrick Dennis Murphy is approved: William Walsh Loilisoweris Benjamin Saltman, Committee Chairman . California State University, Northridge ii For Izumichan who encouraged me to return to school. Ojisan iii Table of Contents Abstract v Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Convergence 7 Chapter Three: Placing Han 14 Chapter Four: Placing Spirituality 35 Chapter Five: Man and Spirituality in Place 50 Chapter Six: Conclusion 77 Key to Abbreviations in the Text 87 Notes 88 Bibliography 97 Appendix A: "Bubbs Creek Haircut" 103 Appendix B: "Clearing," "From The Crest," and "Reverdure" 108 iv ABSTRACT QUEST FOR PLACE THE POETRY OF GARY SNYDER AND WENDELL BERRY by Patrick Dennis Murphy Master of Arts in English Gary Snyder and Wendell Berry are often grouped together as ecological poets due to common themes evident in their poetry. A certain convergence of lifestyles and con­ cerns provides a basis for comparing the two, but as the comparison proceeds it soon becomes evident that Snyder and Berry diverge more than they converge. The first two sections of this essay discuss the basis for comparison and the areas of convergence. Also, the first section opens with a polemical consideration of current criticism on both poets. The next two sections focus first on the conflicting I concepts of place held by Snyder and Berry and their oppos- ing views on man's proper relationship to the land, and, second, on their conflicting spiritual beliefs which funda­ mentally affect their views on that relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Listening from Reed's Special Collections, the Earliest
    Essential Listening From Reed’s Special Collections, the earliest voice recording of Gary Snyder © 2008 John Suiter All Rights Reserved Steve Halperin’s audiocassette of Gary Snyder’s February 1956 poetry reading at Reed College restores an important piece of the college’s literary history and opens a rich vein in Snyder studies. Snyder scholars and buffs alike should take note: this recording is a major find, recovering not only the earliest audio of the poet reading his work, but the earliest work-in-progress version of Snyder’s long poem Myths & Texts in any format. The tape also contains six core poems from Riprap in completely finished form, four poems that would go into The Back Country, and eight from Left Out in the Rain. Finally, there are Snyder’s introductory remarks and asides to the poems, several of which will be of interest to scholars in and of themselves, especially his comments on Myths & Texts, which are lengthy and more revealing of his method and intentions than anything Snyder has subsequently had to say about that poem. Altogether, Snyder reads for more than an hour. The first half is given to selections from Myths & Texts—26 individual poems (roughly half of the published work). Snyder had read some of these poems publicly before (it’s not known exactly which ones)—at the Six Gallery in San Francisco on October 7, 1955 (when Ginsberg first unveiled “Howl”); at the Poetry Center at San Francisco State on October 30; and at the University of Washington in early February 1956, ten days before this Reed performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Camille Paglia
    Final Cut: The Selection Process for Break, Blow, Burn CAMILLE PAGLIA BREAK , B LOW , B URN , my collection of close readings of forty-three poems, took five years to write. The first year was devoted to a search for material in public and academic libraries as well as bookstores. I was looking for poems in English from the last four centuries that I could wholeheartedly recommend to general readers, especially those who may not have read a poem since college. For decades, poetry has been a losing proposition for major trade publishers. I was convinced that there was still a po - tentially large audience for poetry who had drifted away for unclear reasons. That such an audience does in fact exist seemed proved by the success of Break, Blow, Burn , which may be the only book of poetry criticism that has ever reached the national bestseller list in the United States . On my two book tours (for the Pantheon hardback in 2005 and the Vintage paperback in 2006 ), I was constantly asked by readers or interviewers why this or that famous poet was not included in Break, Blow, Burn , which begins with Shakespeare and ends with Joni Mitchell. At the prospectus stage of the project, I had assumed that most of the principal modern and contemporary poets would be well represented. But once launched on the task of gathering possible entries, I was shocked and disappointed by what I found. Poem after poem, when approached from the perspective of the general audience rather than that of academic criticism, shrank into inconse - quence or pretension.
    [Show full text]