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Treatment of Waste Water Effluent from Coffee Industry Using Anaerobic Mixed Culture Pseudomonas Florescence and Escherichia

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Treatment of Waste Water Effluent from Coffee Industry Using Anaerobic Mixed Culture Pseudomonas Florescence and Escherichia Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND BIO ENGINEERING Treatment of Waste Water Effluent from Coffee Industry using Anaerobic Mixed Culture Pseudomonas Florescence and Escherichia Coli Bacteria and with Gypsum: A Case in Dilla- Ethiopia BY: FITSUM ASHENAFI ADVISOR: PROF. EDUARDO OJITO CESPEDES Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2019 i Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND BIO ENGINEERING Treatment of Waste Water Effluent from Coffee Industry using Anaerobic Mixed Culture Pseudomonas Florescence and Escherichia Coli Bacteria and with Gypsum: A Case in Dilla- Ethiopia By FITSUM ASHENAFI Advisor Prof. EDUARDO OJITO CESPEDES A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis AbabaUniversity in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biochemical Engineering Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2019 ii Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING This is to certify that the thesis is prepared by Fitsum Ashenafi, entitled: Treatment of Waste Water Effluent from Coffee Industry using Anaerobic Mixed Culture Pseudomonas Florescence and Escherichia Coli Bacteria and with Gypsum: A Case in Dilla- Ethiopia and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biochemical Engineering complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Approval by Board of Examining Committee: Prof. EDUARDO OJITO CESPEDES __________ __________ ADVISOR Signature Date ____________________________ __________ __________ External Examiner Signature Date ____________________________ __________ __________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ____________________________ __________ __________ Chairman, Department‘s Graduate Committee Signature Date iii Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum DECLARATION I declare that this thesis for the M.Sc. Degree at Addis Ababa University, hereby submitted by me, is my original work and has not previously been submitted for the degree at this or any other university, and that all resources of materials used in this thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name: Fitsum Ashenafi Signature: _________ Date of Submission: ___________ This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Advisor. Name: Prof. Eduardo Ojito Cespedes Signature: _________________ Date: ____________________ iv Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I offer my thanks to God, who made this work possible. I express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Professor Eduardo Ojito Cespedes for his advice, and suggestions that greatly enriched this thesis. I have to express my sincere appreciation to the staff of Chemical and bioengineering and Biochemical engineering departments for their encouragement and concern. I want to give my greatest appreciation to institutes and staff of Ethiopian Biodiversity institute and Addis Ababa city government environmental protection and green development commission. I would like to thank Dilla University for providing sponsorship for my M.Sc. study. Finally, my heart felt appreciation and indebtedness goes to my family, my wife and my friends for their love, patience, support and encouragement throughout my study. v Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FINGURES ................................................................................................................... x LIST OF APPENDIX .................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABRIVATIONS ....................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 14 1.1. Background .................................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Statement of the Problems.............................................................................................. 16 1.3. Objective of the study .................................................................................................... 17 1.3.1. General objective .................................................................................................... 17 1.3.2. Specific objective .................................................................................................... 17 1.4. Significance of the study ................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 19 LITRATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 19 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1. Coffee bean processing ........................................................................................... 19 2.1.2. World production of coffee ..................................................................................... 20 2.1.3. Ethiopian production of coffee ............................................................................... 21 2.2. Coffee waste ................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1. Coffee wastewater characteristics in Ethiopia ........................................................ 22 2.2.2. Coffee waste management in Ethiopia ................................................................... 24 vi Treatment of waste water effluent from coffee industry using anaerobic mixed culture P. Florescence and E. Coli 2019 bacteria with gypsum 2.3. Treatment methods in coffee processing of wastewater and their drawbacks ............... 25 2.4. Biological wastewater treatment .................................................................................... 27 2.4.1. Nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment .................................................................. 30 2.4.2. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Escherichia coli bacteria for treatment of wastewater ............................................................................................................................. 32 2.5. Mixed culture ................................................................................................................. 33 2.6. Gypsum as wastewater treatments and its use ............................................................... 34 2.7. Material balances............................................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 36 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................... 36 3.1. Description of study area................................................................................................ 36 3.2. Sample collection ........................................................................................................... 37 3.3. Chemicals and equipment .............................................................................................. 37 3.3.1. Chemicals and reagents........................................................................................... 37 3.3.2. Equipment and material used .................................................................................. 38 3.4. Experimental methods .................................................................................................... 39 3.4.1. Pre-experimental setup............................................................................................ 39 3.4.2. Characterization of the wastewater
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